nigeria state action plan (2) · state action plan page 8 1.0 introduction 1.1 the nation 1.1.1...

STATE ACTION PLAN TO REDUCE GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN AVIATION

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA

STATE ACTION PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENT

Content Page Preamble

Executive Summary 5

1.0 Introduction 7

1.1 The Nation 8

1.2 The Industry 9-28

1.3 The Aspiration 28-30

2.0 The Background 31

2.1 Nigeria’s Commitment 32

2.2 The ICAO Resolution A37-19 32-35

3.0 Nigeria’s Collaborative efforts 36

3.1 The Efforts 37-38

4.0 Nigeria’s Aspirational Goal 39-40

5.0 Efforts Made by the Nigerian Government to

Address Emissions 41-47

5.2 Other areas of concentration 48-49

5.3 Fuel Consumption Baseline 50

6.0 Measures 52

6.2 Aircraft Fleet Renewal 52

6.3 Improvement of Air Traffic Mgt System 53

6.4 Continuous Improvement in Operations 53

6.5 Regulatory Measures 54

6.6 International Coordination Efforts 55

6.7 Summary of Table of Measures 55-56

7.0 Review of the Action Plan 57-58

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PREAMBLE

Air transport in Nigeria, has become the engine of the nation’s

economy. It has over the years contributed immensely to the

development of the Nigerian economy and Green House Gas Emission.

The Nigerian government by this Action Plan demonstrates its

commitment to the international consensus of voluntary contribution

towards achieving global goals set by ICAO and has put in place this

Action Plan.

The Action Plan was developed by a team comprising of officers from

the Nigerian aviation industry including the aviation parastatals,

agencies and airlines.

They are as follows:

Peter Alawani GM, Air Transport Operations Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority(NCAA) Engr. C Kwasau DGM, Airworthiness Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority(NCAA) Oyetoun Adegbesan AGM, Multilateral/Aviation Environment Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority(NCAA) Paul Ajakaye AGM, A/MET Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority(NCAA)

Samuel Ajibade AGM, Multilateral Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA)

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Steve Musa CATO, Environment Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA)

Olusegun Jenmi ACATO, Statistics Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) James Adeniran DGM, Environmental Services Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) M.L Pwajok DGM, ATC, Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA) Capt Attah Inameti Head Flight Operations, AeroContractors Airlines Limited Capt. Adekunmbi Chief Pilot, Arik Air Funmi Elesho Systems and Data Manager, Arik Air

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Nigerian aviation industry has remained the key driver of the nation’s economy. The industry will continue to grow especially with the geographic location of the country and its huge population. The Government intends to take advantage of these and position the industry to have competitive edge in the sub-region through infrastructural development, promotion of safety, security and efficiency of operations, reduction of operating cost of airlines’ and mitigation of CO2 emission on domestic and international operations. Nigeria’s Action Plan to Reduce Green House Gas (GHG) Emissions therefore describes ongoing and planned activities to reduce GHG emissions from Nigeria’s aviation activities. These measures are expected to achieve an environmentally friendly aviation industry and contribute to the achievement of ICAO’s global goals of average annual improvements in aviation fuel efficiency of at least 2% (two percent) per year until 2020 from a 2010 baseline. The different measures and initiatives being taken include:

Encouraging the acquisition and use of more fuel efficient aircraft by Nigerian operators;

Improving airport infrastructure;

Improving air navigation facilities and air traffic management system;

Developing various fuel conservation techniques;

Putting in place regulatory measures; and

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Collaborating and coordinating with other States and international organizations on the reduction of CO2 emissions

This Action Plan is believed to be comprehensive in its intent and purpose. However it is a living document which should be reviewed and improved upon every three years to ensure that it is relevant to all international efforts in addressing Climate Change and CO2

emission.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 THE NATION

1.1.1 Nigeria with a population of about 174 million people is the

most populous country in Africa and accounts for about 18% of the

continent's total population. Nigeria is the seventh most populous

country in the world. Nigeria is located in western Africa on the Gulf

of Guinea and has a total area of 923,768 km2 (356,667 sq mi)

making it the world's 32nd-largest country.

1.1.2 Nigeria is classified as a mixed economy and emerging

market, with abundant supply of natural resources, well-developed

financial, legal, communications, transport sectors and stock

exchange (the Nigerian Stock Exchange which is the second largest in

Africa). Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in

2012. In 2014, Nigeria's economy (GDP) became the largest in Africa,

worth more than $500 billion to become the world's 21st largest

economy. Nigeria is the 12th largest producer of petroleum in the

world and the 8th largest exporter, and has the 10th largest proven

reserves.

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MAP OF NIGERIA

1.2 THE INDUSTRY

1.2.1 The Nigerian aviation industry has continued to grow and it

is one of the fastest growing industry in the world with an average

yearly traffic growth rate of 17% for domestic passengers and 21%

for international passengers as well as 11% for aircraft movement.

The air transport industry in Nigeria has become the driving engine of

the Nigerian economy. The industry judging from its potentials will

continue to grow. The Government has continued to transform the

Nations Airports including upgrading of infrastructures and provision

of facilities which will go a long way to address facilitation at the

airports and efficiency of aircraft operations.

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DOMESTIC TRAFFIC MOVEMENT BY PASSENGER FROM 2009-2014

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DOMESTIC TRAFFIC MOVEMENT BY PERCENTAGE FROM 2009-2014

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DOMESTIC TRAFFIC MOVEMENT BY PERCENTAGE FROM 2009-2014

INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC MOVEMENT BY PASSENGER FROM 2009-2014

AIRLINES 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

AERO 42,132 63,009 82,045 106,456 93,826 105,069

AFRICAN WORLD ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 1,922 38,385

AIR AFRIQIYAH 26,753 29,221 5,021 ‐ ‐ ‐

AIR FRANCE 162,412 175,381 177,850 298,988 345,145 313,444

AIR NIGERIA 132,327 171,324 165,017 130,323 ‐ ‐

ALITALIA 22,063 26,708 26,176 49,548 47,962 50,384

ARIK 191,825 268,171 295,237 447,587 543,330 521,829

ASKY ‐ ‐ ‐ 107,111 161,465 126,228

BELLVIEW 483,241 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

BRITISH AIRWAYS 298,863 282,240 293,222 335,905 349,217 346,847

CAMEROON ‐ ‐ ‐ 942 13,511 18,899

CHINA SOUTHERN 14,565 9,475 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

CRONOS ‐ ‐ ‐ 2,845 2,889

DELTA AIR 107,542 120,840 107,997 141,728 132,796 130,168

EGYPT AIR 74,755 105,712 91,352 150,834 166,910 132,728

EMIRATES 280,974 310,048 346,541 323,563 421,895 421,303

ETHIOPIAN 150,887 140,942 161,429 237,642 293,386 354,991

ETIHAD ‐ ‐ ‐ 55,283 129,344 148,155

IBERIA 24,711 26,152 29,966 27,717 29,890 29,045

KENYA AIRWAYS 65,193 63,678 64,478 87,910 83,421 86,112

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KLM 233,783 223,146 216,591 191,469 181,643 173,152

LUFTHANSA 214,404 212,238 200,987 316,796 339,378 298,910

MIDDLE EAST 33,956 27,456 27,607 97,292 84,536 48,363

QATAR AIRWAYS 118,143 128,468 145,346 149,527 150,335 152,732

ROYAL AIR MAROC 17,949 16,996 17,652 27,874 58,573 56,139

ROYAL JORDIANAN ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 12,438 8,166

RWAND AIR ‐ ‐ ‐ 15,731 34,101 30,208

SAUDI AIR 26,289 18,317 24,874 37,297 34,835 39,898

SOUTH AFRICAN 111,938 126,114 71,464 151,429 169,803 154,358

SUDAN AIR ‐ 14,754 15,578 10,323 4,172 10,575

TURKISH 44,449 40,926 35,657 88,732 92,779 121,030

UNITED AIRLINES ‐ ‐ 9,204 118,278 107,635 119,088

VIRGIN ATLANTIC 184,699 187,876 177,023 201,157 204,665 201,410

INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC MOVEMENT BY PERCENTAGE FROM 2009-2014

AIRLINE 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

AERO 1.4 2.26 2.94 2.72 2.19 2.48

AFRICAN WORLD 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.91

AIR AFRIQIYAH 0.9 1.05 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00

AIR FRANCE 5.3 6.29 6.38 7.65 8.04 7.39

AIR NIGERIA 4.3 6.14 5.92 3.34 0.00 0.00

ALITALIA 0.7 0.96 0.94 1.27 1.12 1.19

ARIK 6.3 9.61 10.59 11.45 12.66 12.31

ASKY 0.0 0.00 0.00 2.74 3.76 2.98

BELLVIEW 15.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BRITISH AIRWAYS 9.8 10.12 10.52 8.60 8.14 8.18

CAMEROON 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.31 0.45

CHINA SOUTHERN 0.5 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

CRONOS 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07

DELTA AIR 3.5 4.33 3.87 3.63 3.09 3.07

EGYPT AIR 2.4 3.79 3.28 3.86 3.89 3.13

EMIRATES 9.2 11.12 12.43 8.28 9.83 9.94

ETHIOPIAN 4.9 5.05 5.79 6.08 6.84 8.37

ETIHAD 0.0 0.00 0.00 1.41 3.01 3.49

IBERIA 0.8 0.94 1.07 0.71 0.70 0.68

KENYA AIRWAYS 2.1 2.28 2.31 2.25 1.94 2.03

KLM 7.6 8.00 7.77 4.90 4.23 4.08

LUFTHANSA 7.0 7.61 7.21 8.11 7.91 7.05

MIDDLE EAST 1.1 0.98 0.99 2.49 1.97 1.14

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QATAR AIRWAYS 3.9 4.61 5.21 3.83 3.50 3.60

ROYAL AIR MAROC 0.6 0.61 0.63 0.71 1.36 1.32

ROYAL JORDIANAN 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.19

RWAND AIR 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.79 0.71

SAUDI AIR 0.9 0.66 0.89 0.95 0.81 0.94

SOUTH AFRICAN 3.7 4.52 2.56 3.88 3.96 3.64

SUDAN AIR 0.0 0.53 0.56 0.26 0.10 0.25

TURKISH 1.5 1.47 1.28 2.27 2.16 2.85

UNITED AIRLINES 0.0 0.00 0.33 3.03 2.51 2.81

VIRGIN ATLANTIC 6.0 6.74 6.35 5.15 4.77 4.75

INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC MOVEMENT BY PERCENTAGE FROM 2009-2014

DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC MOVEMENT BY PASSENGER FROM 2009-2014

Years DOMESTIC % INTERNATIONAL %

2009 9,513,738 14.88 3,026,240 13.13

2010 10,727,106 16.78 3,253,172 14.11

2011 11,121,027 17.40 3,476,787 15.08

2012 10,244,144 16.02 4,191,222 18.18

2013 10,403,250 16.27 4,559,507 19.78

2014 11,921,656 18.65 4,549,463 19.73

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DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER?

DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC MOVEMENT BY PERCENTAGE

FROM 2009-2014

AIRPORTS 2009 2010 2011

2012 2013 2014

DOMESTIC 14.88 16.78 17.40 16.02

16.27 18.65

INTERNATIONAL 13.13 14.11 15.08 18.18 19.78 19.73

DOMESTIC AIRCRAFT AND PASSENGER MOVEMENT (2014)

AIRLINES AIRCRAFT

% PASSENGER %

AERO 19,362 29.32 1,813,931 35.63

AIR PEACE 872 1.32 47,440 0.93

ARIK 27,429 41.53 1,960,262 38.51

AZMAN 1,949 2.95 111,317 2.19

DANA AIR 4,581 6.94 399,417 7.85

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DISCOVERY 897 1.36 57,868 1.14

FIRST NATION 2,553 3.87 176,975 3.48

MEDVIEW 4,479 6.78 430,151 8.45

OVERLAND 3,831 5.80 92,220 1.81

TOP BRASS 91 0.14 849 0.02

DOMESTIC AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT MARKET SHARE (2014)

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DOMESTIC PASSENGER MOVEMENT MARKET SHARE (2014)

INTERCONTINENTAL AIRCRAFT AND PASSENGER MOVEMNET (2014)

AIRLINES AIRCRAFT % PASSENGER %

AIR FRANCE 1,018 13.73 157,903 11.21

ALITALIA 153 2.06 24,240 1.72

ARIK 545 7.35 84,449 6.00

BRITISH AIRWAYS 724 9.77 172,980 12.28

DELTA 363 4.90 66,222 4.70

EMIRATES 793 10.70 219,288 15.57

ETIHAD 361 4.87 76,892 5.46

IBERIA 208 2.81 16,325 1.16

JORDIAN AIR 69 0.93 4,395 0.31

KLM 363 4.90 85,730 6.09

LUFTHANSA 1,031 13.91 150,343 10.68

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MIDDLE EAST 188 2.54 24,361 1.73

QATAR 364 4.91 79,005 5.61

SAUDI AIR 58 0.78 20,694 1.47

TURKISH 500 6.75 64,982 4.61

UNITED AIRLINE 311 4.20 61,921 4.40

VIRGIN ATLANTIC 363 4.90 98,335 6.98

INTERCONTINENTAL AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT MARKET SHARE (2014)

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2014 PASSENGER AND FUEL BURN PER YEAR ON EACH ROUTE

ROUTE

PASSENGER

FUEL BURN PER YEAR

ABV 12,472 3,896,812

ACC 967 2,082,652

DUT 22 800

DXB 8,775 3,205,029

JFK 21,594 11,415,120

JNB 33,726 7,480,286

KAN 93 5,900

LHR 52,974 13,559,656

LOS 112,439 34,684,946

TOTAL 243,062 76,331,201

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2013 PASSENGER AND FUEL BURN PER YEAR ON EACH ROUTE

ROUTE

PASSENGER

FUEL BURN PER YEAR

ACC 43,321 1,238,102

DUR 87 16,340

JFK 20,452 10,935,177

JNB 35,475 7,013,039

KAN 493 20,900

LHR 47,171 12,405,607

LOS 145,435 30,892,908 PHC

81 2,490 PMI

216 37,100 SID

169 33,200 TOTAL 292,900

62,594,863

Please note:

COUNTRY CODES GHANA ACC SOUTH AFRICA DUR,JNB UK LHR,NWI,LPL USA JFK, DUT, SENEGAL DKR UNITED ARAB DXB CANARY ISLANDS LPA MALTA MLA SPAIN MST,PMI,SLM,CGO,CEG,MAD,SLM BELGIUM BRU CDG FRANCE CAPE VERDE SID

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NAMES OF THE AIRLINES CURRENTLY OPERATING SCHEDULE INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT AND AIRCRAFT USED

AIRLINES ROUTES OPERATING

AIRCRAFT TYPE

Arik Air Accra, South Africa, London, USA, Dakar, Sierra Leone, UAE and Cote d’Ivoire

A330, A310, A340 and B737

Aero Contractors Accra B737

Medview Airline Accra B737

LIST OF NIGERIAN DESIGNATED AIRLINES ON REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ROUTES

S/N NIGERIAN

AIRLINE

DESIGNATED ROUTES

STATUS OF OPERATION

1 ADC Mali, Dakar, Libreville, Cotonou, Cote d’Ivoire and

Belgium

Stopped operations on 29th

October,2006

2 Aero Contractors Accra, Malabo, Sao Tome, Abidjan,

Monrovia, Libreville, Algeria, Guinea

Operates to Accra

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3 Afrijet Duala, Luanda, Kinshasa, Malabo,

Central African Republic, Gambia, Liberia. Madrid,

France

Stopped operations in 17th October,

2010

4 Air Nigeria Benin, Accra, Doula, Dakar, Monrovia,

South Africa, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Morocco,

Cotonu, Sao Tome, Banjul, Libreville,

Brazzaville, Abidjan, Bamako, Uganda,

Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, Malabo, Togo,

Kenya, Niger, Italy, Paris, Netherlands,

Dubai, Russia, Spain, Trinidad &

Tobago, UAE, Germany

Stopped operations 9th September, 2012

5 Allied Air Ghana, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire,Republic of Benin,Gambia, Togo Liberia, Sierra- Leone Senegal,Equatorial Guinea Democratic Rep. of Congo (DRC), Chad

Operating Cargo flights to 7 countries

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Central African Republic, Belgium,

Kenya, Gabon, Angola and Congo

6 Arik Accra, Monrovia,

Cameroun, Congo, Cote d‘Ivoire Brazzaville,

Freetown, Egypt, Ethiopia, Singapore,

Bamako, Guinea, Zambia, South Africa, Dakar, Ouagadougou, Morocco, Benin, Namibia, Niger, Burkina Faso, Central African

Republic of Togo, Uganda, Gambia, Luanda, Sierra

Leone. Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, UAE, France, Brazil, New

York, China, London,

Switzerland, Belgium and Italy

Operates to Accra, South Africa, London, USA, Dakar, Sierra Leone, UAE and Cote d’Ivoire

7

Bellview Airlines

Saudi Arabia, India,

Stopped operations

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Accra, Johannesburg,

Doula, Libreville Entebbe, Monrovia,

Tunis, Newark, Algeria, Kenya,

Sierra-Leone, Togo and Zambia

on the 22nd October,2005

8 Chanchangi Abidjan, Accra, Dakar,

Doula and Equatorial Guinea

The airline is yet to commence operation on any of the routes, and currently not in operation

9

First Nation

Saudi Arabia, India, Accra,

Johannesburg, Doula, Libreville

Entebbe, Monrovia, Tunis, Newark, Algeria, Kenya,

Sierra-Leone, Togo and Zambia

The airline is yet to commence operation on any of the routes

10 IRS Gabon, Senegal, Cameroon,

Lebanon, Ghana and Democratic Rep. of

Congo (DRC)

The airline is yet to commence

operation on any of the routes

11 Kabo Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kenya, Accra,

Egypt, Benin, Rome, Sudan, Niamey,

Chad, UK, Libya and Lebanon

Operates to Saudi Arabia during Hajj and Umrah

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12 Max Air Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, United

Kingdom, Dubai and Egypt (7)

Operates during Hajj and Umrah to Saudi Arabia

13 Medview Airline Senegal, Gabon, Accra, Accra, Dakar Israel, Singapore,

Dubai, Lome, Abidjan, Freetown, Conakry, Monrovia, Kinshasa, Bamako, Cotonou, Douala,

London, Lisbon and Jeddah (20)

Operates to Accra and operates during Hajj and Umrah to Saudi Arabia

14 Okada Dakar, Luanda, Casablanca, South Africa, USA, Brazil, India, China, UAE, Sierra- Leone and

Angola

15 Overland Benin, Togo, Cote d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Liberia,

Guinea, Dakar, Mali, Niger, Sao Tome, Cameroun, Gabon,

Angola, Central African Republic,

Congo, Chad, Equatorial Guinea,

The airline is yet to commence operation on any of the routes

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Israel and Democratic Rep. of

Congo (DRC)

16

Skypower Airways

Saudi Arabia, Sao Tome, Gabon, Sudan UAE and

Congo

The airline is yet to commence

operation on the routes

17 Sosoliso Senegal, Mali Stopped operations 10th Dec,2005

18 Dana Accra Yet to commence operation

19 Nigeria Airways Accra, Monrovia, Cameroun, Congo, Cote d‘Ivoire Brazzaville, Freetown, Egypt, Ethiopia, Singapore, Bamako, Guinea, Zambia, South Africa, Dakar, Ouagadougou, Morocco, Benin, Namibia, Niger, Burkina Faso, Central African

Stopped operations 24th August,2003

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Republic of Togo, Uganda, Gambia, Luanda, Sierra Leone. Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, UAE, France, Brazil, New York, China, London, Switzerland, Belgium and Italy

1.2.2 The Government is positioning the industry to take

advantage of both its substantial population and its advantageous

location. The Nigerian Government sees Nigeria as a natural hub and

it is trying to promote it as a hub for West and Central Africa, working

on various projects in Lagos and Abuja to open up the air space and

have more direct flights to long-haul destinations.

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1.2.3 The Ministry of Aviation oversees the administration of the

industry. The key functions in the industry are performed by six (6)

Parastatals: The Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) – (the

industry regulator), Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA) –

(Air Navigation Service Provider), Federal Airports Authority (FAAN) –

(Airports Service Provider), Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET)–

(Aeronautical Meteorological Service Provider), Accident Investigation

Bureau, and Nigerian College of Aviation Technology (NCAT) (Aviation

Training Provider).

1.2.4 Future growth will be fueled by new routes to Europe and

the United States of America (USA) especially with the Country been

recently recertified as a Category One State by the Federal Aviation

Administration (FAA) of the United States. Additionally, the recent

Government pronouncement of the country’s determination to fully

implement the Yamoussoukro Decision will encourage more African

airlines to operate into Nigeria and thereby increase traffic movement

in and out of Nigeria.

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1.3 THE ASPIRATION

1.3.1 The Nigerian government is committed to the international

consensus of voluntary contribution towards achieving global goals set

by ICAO. In this wise, the government has put in place this Action

Plan which sets an aspirational goal to improve fuel efficiency from a

2010 baseline by an average annual rate of at least 2% per year until

2020.

1.3.2 To achieve this target, the Nigerian government will

continue to take proactive initiatives including:

Encouraging Nigerian airlines to embark on fleet renewal

through acquisition and use of modern and new generation

aircraft that are more fuel efficient.

Improvement in Air Traffic Management (ATM) efficiency.

Improvement in airspace and airport infrastructure.

Use of green energy such as solar and wind energy as

alternate source of power at the airports.

1.3.3 The Nigerian Government intends to explore further

measures as contained in this Action Plan in order to accomplish the

set targets. These include:

Regulatory Measures.

Encouragement of adoption of Environmental

Management System (EMS) by airports and Air

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Navigation Service Provider (ANSP) as well as the

airlines.

Continuous sensitization of the Industry.

Continuous monitoring of the industry performance and

the review of this Action Plan every three years.

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2.0 THE BACKGROUND

2.1 NIGERIA’S COMMITMENT

2.1.1 The Nigerian Government has been committed to mitigating

the effects of Climate change with the re-engineering of the Federal

Ministry of Environment and created enabling environment for the

Nigerian carriers in 2006 to replace all old and fuel guzzling aircraft

with fuel efficient, modern and new generation aircraft through the

domestication of the ICAO Cape Town Convention and Protocol.

The Government also made huge investments in the upgrade of

airports and air navigation infrastructure and facilities. These

efforts were geared towards increasing efficiency of operations,

reducing operating costs and promoting safety and security.

2.2 ICAO RESOLUTION A37-19

2.2.1 In October 2010, the International Civil Aviation

Organization (ICAO) adopted Resolution A37-19 on Climate change.

The Resolution set voluntary goals for international aviation emission

as follows:

A global annual average fuel efficiency improvement of two

percent (2%) until 2020.

A medium-term aspirational goal of keeping the annual

global net carbon emissions from international aviation from

2020 onward at the same (2020) level.

A global aspirational goal of two percent (2%) annual fuel

efficiency improvement from 2021 to 2050.

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2.2.2 In addition, the said Resolution also states that:

States below the de minimis threshold of 1% of

international aviation activity are not expected to submit

action plan.

States below the de minimis threshold but have agreed to

voluntarily contribute to achieving the global goals are

expected to submit action plan.

2.3 ICAO RESOLUTION A38-18

2.3.1 In 2013 the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO),

adopted Resolution A38-18 on Climate Change. The Resolution among

other things stated as follows: To

Achieve a global annual average fuel efficiency

improvement of 2 per cent until 2020 and an aspirational

global fuel efficiency improvement rate of 2 per cent per

annum from 2021 to 2050

Achieve a collective medium term global aspirational goal of

keeping the global net carbon emissions from international

aviation from 2020 at the same level,

Further encourage States to submit their voluntary action

plans outlining their respective policies and actions, and

annual reporting on international aviation CO2 emissions to

ICAO;

Invite those States that choose to prepare or update their

action plans to submit them to ICAO as soon as possible

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preferably by the end of June 2015 and once every three

years thereafter.

2.3.2 Nigeria is among the States that have de minimis threshold

of international aviation activity below 1% of total revenue tonne

kilometers. Nigeria is therefore not expected to submit an action plan.

Notwithstanding this exemption, the Nigerian Government has

continued to make efforts and also collaborate with international

organizations regarding measures to address Green House Gas (GHG)

Emission. The Government has therefore decided to submit its State

Action plan as required by ICAO.

2.3.3 In order to put together the efforts of Government in

addressing the issue of GHG Emission in the aviation industry and

prepare the Nigerian Action Plan, a team was set up drawn from the

industry. The team is made up of representatives from:

(i) The Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA);

(ii) The Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA);

(iii) The Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN);

(iv) The Nigerian Airlines (Arik Air and AeroContractors Nig. Ltd)

and with inputs and advice from the Federal Ministry of

Environment.

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3.0 NIGERIA’S COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS

3.1 THE EFFORTS

3.1.1 Nigeria has been participating in the activities of the

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) on Environment which

are aimed at improving the performance of international aircraft

operations targeted at reducing global emissions. These participations

are mainly at the Committees’ levels and attendance of ICAO

seminars and symposia

3.1.2 Nigeria was among the two countries that represented the

African Region on the Group on International Aviation and Climate

Change (GIACC) which was constituted by ICAO prior to the 37th ICAO

Assembly. The Group developed and recommended an aggressive

Programme of Action on International Aviation and Climate Change to

the ICAO Council.

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3.1.3 The country also participated as member of the ICAO

Committee of the High Level Group on Climate Change, which

fashioned the Resolution for the 38th Assembly for the consideration of

the ICAO Council. Nigeria equally participated as the third member

country from Africa to be appointed into the ICAO Committee on

Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP).

3.1.4 The Nigerian aviation industry has continued to work in a

collaborative manner to ensure the mitigation of Co2 emissions and

the achievement of the global aspirational goal.

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4.0 NIGERIA’S ASPIRATIONAL GOALS

4.1 Nigeria’s Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

describes ongoing and planned activities to reduce GHG

emissions from Nigeria’s domestic and international aviation

activities. These measures are expected to achieve an

environmentally friendly aviation industry and contribute to the

achievement of ICAO’s global goals of average annual

improvements in aviation fuel efficiency of at least 2 percent

per year until 2020 from a 2010 baseline, measured in litres of

fuel per Revenue Tonne Kilometre (RTK) (Section 5.3).

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5.0 EFFORTS MADE BY THE NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT TO ADDRESS EMISSION 5.1 The Nigerian Government has continued to strive towards mitigating CO2 emissions through different initiatives including:

Fuel efficiency improvement of aircraft used by Nigerian operators;

Improvement in airport infrastructure;

Improvement in air navigation facilities and air traffic management system; and

Fuel conservation technique.

5.1.1 Fuel efficiency improvement of aircraft used by Nigerian operators

5.1.1.1 Prior to 2006, there were a lot of old and fuel guzzling

aircraft on Nigeria register. The average age of aircraft at that

time was 28years old. However, between 2006 and now, the

government encouraged its operators to embark on fleet

renewal through the domestication of the ICAO Cape Town

Convention and Protocol. The resultant effect of this effort is

that, the average age of aircraft being imported and operated

by Nigerian airlines is less than 20 years.

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Aircraft Registered in Nigeria from 2006

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22000066 3333 1188 nneeww aanndd 1155 rreellaattiivveellyy yyoouunngg


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5.1.1.2 The Nigerian Operators invested billions of US Dollars

to acquire these new and relatively young aircraft. These fuel

efficient aircraft have contributed significantly to the reduction

of CO2 emission.

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FLEET OF NIGERIAN AIRLINES OFFERING SCHEDULED

SERVICES

AIRLINES NO OF

AIRCRAFT AVERAGE AGE OF FLEETS (YEARS)

AEROCONTRACTORS 17 20 AIR PEACE 7 21 ARIK AIRLINE 26 9 AZMAN AIR SERVICES LTD 2 17.5 DANA AIRLINE 6 24.5 DISCOVERY AIRWAYS LTD 2 17.5 FIRST NATION 2 18 MEDVIEW 5 20 OVERLAND 9 23 TOTAL WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF FLEET: 19

5.1.2 Improvement in airport infrastructure 5.1.2.1 The Government has also continued to work on the

transformation of the infrastructure at the over twenty two

airports in the country. The transformation of the airports

which involved the construction of new terminals and

refurbishment of existing ones also included:

Reopening of Lagos Runway 18L and expansion of the

ramp;

Proposed construction of a Second Runway in Abuja; and

Reduction of the use of APU by encouraging the use of

GPU;

Implementation of Airports Environmental Management Plan

which includes:

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(a) Measures of handling all types of wastes, oil and grease

spills, air, noise and water pollution as well as conservation

of the biodiversity (flora and fauna); and

(b) Environmental audit to ensure compliance with the

Environmental Management Plan.

5.1.3 Improvement in air navigation facilities and air traffic management system 5.1.3.1 The Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (the air

navigation service provider) invested well over $1.8million US

Dollars for the provision of Solar Energy at five international

airports to provide alternative source of power for its Air

Navigation equipment.

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5.1.3.2 The Agency also invested huge amount of money to

upgrade facilities and improve Air Traffic Management (ATM).

There is now full VHF coverage of the nation’s airspace and the

Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) technology for total radar

coverage of the nation’s airspace has also been completed.

PICTURE OF NAMA’S TRACON

5.1.3.4 The Agency has also automated the Aeronautical

Information Services. Additionally, the Nigerian Civil Aviation

Authority and NAMA have been working on the implementation of the

Performance Based Navigation (PBN). The PBN implementation is

STATE ACTION PLAN

expected to continue to improve the efficiency of Air Traffic

Management. The process of implementation which is now at the final

stage has gone as follows:

The submission of PBN Procedure Designs/WGS’ 84 Survey

Reports by the Air Navigation Service Provider (Nigerian

Airspace Management Agency); completed;

The review of submitted designs/survey reports by NCAA

completed

Meeting between NCAA and Air Navigation Service

Provider (Nigerian Airspace Management Agency - NAMA)

to review/modification of the submitted Designs by NAMA;

completed

Work on Nigerian PBN implementation roadmap

completed;

Final modification of reviewed designs by NAMA;

completed;

Validation/fly ability checks completed;

Development of Advisory circulars/Guidance Materials/

publication in the AIP/NOTAMS. completed;

Aeronautical Information Circular on PBN implementation

in four major airports major airports (RNAV 1 SID’s/STAR,

RNAV-GNSS LNAV approaches and RNAV –GNSS

LNAV/VNAN approached published. Completed;

Training on PBN Operations approval process. Completed;

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Convening of PBN users’ forum. Ongoing; Next forum is

scheduled for 30th April 2016 and

First phase of implementation plan completed in four

major Airports

Second phase of implementation plan to be completed in

2016.

5.2 OTHER AREAS OF CONCENTRATION

5.2.1 The Nigerian Government has created an enabling

environment for industry cooperation and synergies towards achieving

future emission reductions through fuel conservation attitudes. These

include:

5.2.1.1 TAXIING

5.2.1.1.1 Taxiing of aircraft contributes significantly to fuel burn and

emissions at airports. This is because the quantities of fuel burnt are

proportional to the taxiing times of aircraft. This in combination with

other factors such as the throttle settings, number of engines that are

powered as well as pilot and airline decisions regarding engine

shutdowns during delays. The strategy of the Government is therefore

to continue to identify areas of improvement in aircraft taxiing at

airports.

5.2.1.2 FUEL CONSERVATION ATTITUDES

5.2.1.2.1 Nigerian airlines are being encouraged to practice reduction

in fuel burnt during ground operations. These practices include single-

engine taxiing, minimizing aircraft auxiliary power unit use, controlling

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speed on the taxiway system, and holding aircraft at the gate during

long delays.

5.2.1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

5.2.1.3.1 Airport development project are screened for potential

environmental impacts and where potential impacts are identified for

a project, appropriate mitigation strategies are put in place to ensure

due diligence and sound environmental practices at the airports.

5.3 FUEL CONSUMPTION BASELINE

5.3.1 The table below shows the 2010 fuel consumption baseline of

Nigerian airlines operations on international route.

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FUEL CONSUMPTION BASELINE

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

FUEL USE (MILLION LITRES) 38.41 38.96 35.39 62.59 76.33

GHG EMISSION (MILLION TONNES OF CO2) TRAFFIC (BILLION)

122.32 127.15 115.82 126.72 574.94

AVAILABLE SEAT KILOMETRES (ASK) 1,284.22 1,327.27 856.82 2,780.05 4,077.11

REVENUE PASSENGER KILOMETRE (RTK) 616.04 702.39 500.43 1,755.18 2,189.04

PASSENGER REVENUE TONNE‐KILOMETRES 61.60 70.24 50.04 175.52 218.90

TOTAL AVAILABLE TONNE‐KILOMETRES (ATK) 128.42 132.73 85.68 278.01 407.71

TOTAL REVENUE TONNE‐KILOMETRE (RTK) 61.60 70.24 50.04 175.52 218.90

FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE

LITRES/ASK 0.00003 0.00003 0.00004 0.00002 0.00002

LITRES/RPK 0.00006 0.00006 0.00007 0.00004 0.00003

LITRES/TOTAL ATK 0.00030 0.00029 0.00041 0.00023 0.00019

LITRES/TOTAL RTK 0.00160 0.00180 0.00141 0.00280 0.00287

EMISSION

CO2 GRAMS ASK 0.09524 0.09580 0.13517 0.04558 0.14102

CO2 GRAMS RPK 0.1986 0.1810 0.2314 0.0722 0.2626

CO2 GRAMS/TOTAL ATK 0.9524 0.9580 1.3517 0.4558 1.4102

CO2 GRAMS/TOTAL RTK 1.99 1.81 2.31 0.72 2.63

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6.0 MEASURES

6.1 The measures given hereunder will further facilitate the

achievement of the fuel efficiency target by Nigeria. These

measures include:

6.2 AIRCRAFT FLEET RENEWAL 6.2.1 Nigerian airlines will continue to make massive

investments in the acquisition of modern aircraft with the

support from the Nigerian Government through the provision of

a single digit interest on loans. This is expected to bring about

significant annual fuel efficiency improvement both for

domestic and international flights between 2010 and 2020.

6.2.2 The acquisition of newer aircraft resulted in about 359.23

litres of fuel being saved per flight which in turn amount to about

2.2% litres of fuel saved for a five hour operation

6.2.3 The industry is experiencing significant growth in

general aviation as there are massive investments in the

acquisition of new corporate jets by Nigerians which are very

fuel efficient. This will also contribute significantly to the

reduction of GHG emission.

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6.3 IMPROVEMENT IN AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM 6.3.1 The facilities being put in place and the

implementation of the Performance Based Navigation (PBN) will

bring about more efficient en-route and airport operations and

will to large extent reduce fuel burn and GHG emission.

The expected benefit of the implementation of PBN will bring

about an improved annual fuel efficiency improvement for

domestic and international flights between 2010 and 2020.

6.3.2 Since the introduction of PBN in 2012 about 0.46% of fuel

was saved in 2013 and 0.59% in 2014 totaling 1.05% of fuel saved at

the end of 2014.

6.4 CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT IN OPERATIONS

6.4.1 The Nigerian Government will continue to encourage airline

operators, airport operators and air navigation service provider to

continue to adopt measures that will bring about significant annual

fuel efficiency improvement both for domestic and international

flights between 2010 and 2020.

6.5 NOISE ABATEMENT MEASURES

6.5.1 Engage noise mitigation programme including; the

publication of noise abatement procedures to manage noise

that are associated with aircraft take-offs and landings, engine

run-ups and general noise from ground service equipment.

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6.6 REGULATORY MEASURES

6.6.1 The Nigerian Government is considering reviewing the

age limit of aircraft that can be registered in Nigeria from

22years to 15years. This is to further ensure that airlines

acquire newer and fuel efficient aircraft.

6.6.2 The Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority has put in place a

regulation to ensure that all service providers develop and

implement environmental programme that will address

emissions with positive impact on Local Air Quality and Climate

change.

6.6.3 The Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority has also put in

place a regulation to ensure a safe carriage of dangerous goods

by air and maintain safe handling of hazardous materials at the

airports to further address the issue of Local Air Quality

6.6.4 Effort is being made for Nigeria to return to the

Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) having

recently lost its membership. The country intends to continue

to participate in the activities of CAEP especially in the

development of CO2 Emission Standards. Additionally, Nigeria

will continue to participate in all ICAO activities and serve in its

Committees to address climate change and Co2 emissions.

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6.7 INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION EFFORT

6.7.1 The Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) will continue to

work through ICAO and the African Civil Aviation Commission (AFCAC)

to encourage technological and operational improvement in the

industry.

6.8 SUMMARY TABLE OF MEASURES

Measure Description Start Date

Date of full Implementation

GHG/Fuel Efficiency Impact

Economic Cost (USD)

List of Stakeholders

Fleet Renewal and updates

Domestication of Cape Town Convention which made Nigerian airlines to have access to newer and more fuel efficient aircraft.

On- going

On-going With the acquisition of newer aircraft, about 359.23 litres of fuel was saved per flight which amounted to about 2.2%litre of fuel being saved

The airline operators have invested well over $1.2 billion USD

Arik Air, AeroContractors Med view Airline, Max Air, Kabo Air

Improvement in Air Traffic Magt.

The implement-tation of PBN

2012 On-going The introduction of PBN in 2012 brought about 0.46% of fuel saved in 2013 and 0.59% in 2014 totaling 1.05% of fuel saved at the end of 2014.

Yet to be determined

FMA, NCAA, NAMA, Airline Operators

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Continuous Improve- ment in operation

Nigerian airlines, Airports and Air Nav. Providers are working continuously to improve their operations

On-going

On-going Being worked out

To be determined

NCAA, FAAN, NAMA, Airline Operators

Regulatory Measures

The Nigerian Govt. is working on putting in place a policy to reduce the age limit of aircraft that can be registered in Nigeria and for aviation all service providers in the industry to have an Environmental Management system among other regulatory measures to address CO2 emissions

On- going

On-going N/A To be determined

FMA, NCAA and National Assembly

International Coordination

Active participation through ICAO on implementing global approaches and standards to address the impact to global climate

On-going

On-going N/A To be determined

The Federal Ministry of Aviation and Aviation Industry stakeholders

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7.0 REVIEW OF THE ACTION PLAN

7.1 This is a living document which should be reviewed and improved

upon every three years to ensure that it is relevant to all international

efforts in addressing Climate Change and Co2 emission.

The team involved in the preparation of this Action Plan is made up of representatives from the following aviation stakeholders:

Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority

Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria

Nigeria Airspace Management Agency

AeroContractors Airlines Limited

Arik Air Limited

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NIGERIAN

STATE ACTION PLAN

THINK GREEN

AND

ACT GREEN

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