Prof. A. S. Sambo1

THE PLACE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE THE PLACE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE NIGERIAN ENERGY SECTORNIGERIAN ENERGY SECTOR**

Prof Abubakar S. Sambo, OON, NPOM

Director-General, Energy Commission of Nigeria

Plot 701C, Central Area, PMB 358, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria

Email: dg@energy.gov.ng or assambo@yahoo.com

*Presented at the World Future Council Workshop on Renewable Energy Policies,

10th October, 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Prof. A. S. Sambo2

JebbaJebba

Fig.1: Maps of Nigeria and Africa

Prof. A. S. Sambo3

l Total Area: 92.4 million hectares (Land 86%, Water

14%)

l Forest and Woodlands: 11.6%

l Polity: Democracy (Presidential System)

l Population: 151 million (2008)

l Economic Indicators:

� GDP growth rate: 5.3% (2008)

� Inflation rate: 5.0% (2008)

� Exchange rate: 1$ = N160 (2008)

� Major contributor to foreign

exchange earnings: oil (≅ 88.6% in 2008)

l Social Indicators in 2008

� GDP/Capita: $1,170

� Energy Intensity 0.17 kgoe/$

� Energy Consumption/Capita: 0.153 toe

� Urbanization: 40%

� Population Growth rate: 2.2%

� Adult Literacy rate: 69%

� Life Expectancy : 54 years

� Incidence of poverty 54%

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Prof. A. S. Sambo4

ENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIAENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIAENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIAENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIAENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIAENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIAENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIAENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIA

Reserves

Production

Domestic

S/N Resource Type Utilization

(Natural UnitsEnergy Units

(Btoe*)

(Natural

units)

1 Crude Oil 36.22 billion barrels 5.03 2.5 million

barrels/day

450,000

barrels/

day

2 Natural Gas 187 Trillion SCF 4.19 6 Billion SCF/day 3.4 billion

SCF/day

3 Coal and lignite 2.175 billion tonnes 1.52 (insignificant) (insignificant)

4 Tar Sands 31 billion barrels of

equivalent

4.31 - -

5 Nuclear Element Not yet qualified - - -

Table 1: Fossil and Nuclear Type

Resources

Prof. A. S. Sambo5

1 0.8 (over 40 yrs) 1938 MW 1938 MW

2 0.34 (over

40years)

30 MW 30 MW

3 5.2 (40 years and

0.1% Nigeria land

area)

≅ 6 MWh/day

Solar PV ≅ 6 MWh/day

Solar PV

4 0.0003 (4m/s @

12% speed

probability, 70m

height, 20m rootor,

0.1% land area, 40

yrs.)

- -

5 Fuelwood 11 million

hectares of forest

and woodland

- 0.120 million

tonnes/day

0.120 million

tonnes/day

Biomass

Animal waste 211 million

assorted animals

- 0.781 million

tonnes of

waste/day

Not available

Energy Crops

and Agric

Residue

28.2 million

hectares of Arable

Land (≅30% of

total land)

- 0.256 million

tonnes of

assorted

crops/day

Not available

*Tonnes of oil equivalent

(2-4) m/s at 10m height (main

land)

11,250 MWHydropower large

Excess of

1.2m

tonnes/day

Small Hydropower

Solar Radiation

Wind

3,500 MW

3.5 - 7.0 KWh/m2/day (4.2

million MWh/day using 0.1%

Nigeria land area)

Domestic

S/No Production Utilization

Energy Units (Btoe*) (Natural units)(Natural Units

Resource Type

Reserves

Table 2: Renewable Energy Resource

ENERGY RESOURCESENERGY RESOURCESENERGY RESOURCESENERGY RESOURCESENERGY RESOURCESENERGY RESOURCESENERGY RESOURCESENERGY RESOURCES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Cont. Cont. Cont. Cont. Cont. Cont. Cont. Cont’’’’’’’’dddddddd

Prof. A. S. Sambo6

POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKPOLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKPOLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKPOLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKPOLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKPOLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKPOLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKPOLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

l A National Energy Policy was approved by the Government in 2003 A National Energy Policy was approved by the Government in 2003 A National Energy Policy was approved by the Government in 2003 A National Energy Policy was approved by the Government in 2003 with the with the with the with the overall thrust of optimal utilization of the nationoverall thrust of optimal utilization of the nationoverall thrust of optimal utilization of the nationoverall thrust of optimal utilization of the nation’’’’s energy resources; both s energy resources; both s energy resources; both s energy resources; both conventional and renewable, for sustainable development and withconventional and renewable, for sustainable development and withconventional and renewable, for sustainable development and withconventional and renewable, for sustainable development and with the active the active the active the active participation of the private sector.participation of the private sector.participation of the private sector.participation of the private sector.

l The policy articulated amongst other things that:The policy articulated amongst other things that:The policy articulated amongst other things that:The policy articulated amongst other things that:

�Extensive crude oil and natural gas exploration and development shall be pursued with the view to increasing their reserves base to the highest level possible.

�The nation shall continue to engage extensively in the development of electric power with the view to making reliable electricity available to 75% of the population by 2020; as well as to broaden the energy options for generating electricity.

l In 2005, an Act of the National Assembly was passed into law libIn 2005, an Act of the National Assembly was passed into law libIn 2005, an Act of the National Assembly was passed into law libIn 2005, an Act of the National Assembly was passed into law liberalizing the eralizing the eralizing the eralizing the electricity sector; thus, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory electricity sector; thus, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory electricity sector; thus, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory electricity sector; thus, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission and Commission and Commission and Commission and the Rural Electrification Agency were established therefrom.the Rural Electrification Agency were established therefrom.the Rural Electrification Agency were established therefrom.the Rural Electrification Agency were established therefrom.

l In 2008, the reform of the oil and gas sector to make it more buIn 2008, the reform of the oil and gas sector to make it more buIn 2008, the reform of the oil and gas sector to make it more buIn 2008, the reform of the oil and gas sector to make it more business driven as siness driven as siness driven as siness driven as recommended by the OGIC is in the process of being backed by a lrecommended by the OGIC is in the process of being backed by a lrecommended by the OGIC is in the process of being backed by a lrecommended by the OGIC is in the process of being backed by a law.aw.aw.aw.

Prof. A. S. Sambo7

The Renewable Energy Masterplan for Nigeria, Produced in 2006 with Support

from the UNDP:

l Articulates :

� Nigeria’s vision for achieving sustainable development.

� A road map for renewable energy to help achieve this vision.

l Envisions :

� An economy that gradually move from a monolithic fossil economy to

one driven by an increasing share of renewable energy in the

national energy mix.

� Exploiting renewable energy in quantities and at prices that will

promote the achievement of equitable and sustainable growth.

� An energy transition from crude oil to a less carbon intensive

economy increasingly powered by gas and increasing role for RE.

THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN

Prof. A. S. Sambo8

Objectives of the REMP

l The overall objective of the REMP is to articulate a roadmap for

national development through the accelerated development and

exploitation of renewable energy.

l The REMP which will provide a comprehensive framework for

developing renewable energy, will ensure:

u Expanding access to energy services to Nigerians,

u Raising the standard of living, especially in the rural areas,

u Stimulating economic growth, employment and empowerment,

u Increasing the scope and quality of rural services, including, schools, health

services, water supply, information, entertainment and stemming the migration to

urban areas,

u Reducing environmental degradation and health risks, particularly to vulnerable

groups such as women and children.

THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN (cntd(cntd……))

Prof. A. S. Sambo9

l The electricity demand

projections for the four

economic growth

scenarios, 7%, 10%,

11.5% and 13% under

industrializing

conditions are as

shown in Table 4

Projected Electricity Demand

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Year

MW

Reference High Grow th Optimistic

Table 4: Projected Electricity Demand

Scenario 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Reference

(7%) 5746 15730 28360 50820 77450 119200

High

Growth

(10%) 5746 15920 30210 58180 107220 192000

Optimistic

(11.5%) 5746 16000 31240 70760 137370 250000

Optimistic

(13%) 5746 33,250 64,200 107,600 172,900 297,900

THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN (cntd(cntd……))

Prof. A. S. Sambo10

S/N. RESOURCE SHORT MEDIUM LONG

1 Hydro (large) 1930 5930 48,000

2 Hydro (small) 100 734 19,000

3 Solar PV 5 120 500

4 Solar Thermal - 1 5

5 Biomass - 100 800

6 Wind 1 20 40

All Renewables 2,036 6,905 68,345

All Energy Resources 16,000 30,000 192,000

% of Renewables 13% 23% 36%

Targets for Renewable Energy Contribution to Electricity Generation (MW) in Nigeria

TARGETS OF THE REMPTARGETS OF THE REMP

Prof. A. S. Sambo11

TARGETS OF THE REMPTARGETS OF THE REMP (cntd(cntd……))

42% access

75% access

Access by 2005

Expected Access by 2015

•Electricity access to rise to 75% by 2025

60% access

Expected Access

by 2025

Prof. A. S. Sambo12

5 kW Wind Power for Village Electrification, Sayya

Gidan Gada, Sokoto State built by SERC

7.2 kWp PV Village Electrification, Kwalkwalawa, Sokoto

State by SERC

Wind Electrification at Sayya Gidan Gada, Wamakko LG, Sokoto State

Solar PV Internet Back-up at Nunet, UDU, Sokoto

SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS

Prof. A. S. Sambo13

l Title: Community Based Pilot Water Heater

l Location: UDUTH

l Capacity: 1000 litres

l Cost: N420,000:00

l Year: 1998

l Objective: Water heating

l Sponsor: ECN

l Beneficiary: Gynae Lying-in Ward UDUTH

l Title: Riser & Spiral Water Heater

l Location: SERC Demonstration Area,

l Capacity: 20 litres

l Cost:; N7,000:00

l Year: 2003

l Objective: Research, Development. & Demonstration

l Sponsor: SERC

l Beneficiary: Staff & Students

Solar Water Heater developed by NCERD

A 1000-litre Solar Water Heating System at the

Maternity Ward of Usmanu Danfodiyo University

Teaching Hospital, Sokoto constructed by SERC.

SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd(cntd……))

Prof. A. S. Sambo14

2-Tonne Solar Rice Dryer at Adarice Co. Enugu state,

built by NCERD

A 2-Tonne Dryer at NAPRI, Zaria, constructed by SERC

Large Scale Solar Dryer

SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd(cntd……))

Prof. A. S. Sambo15

SAMPLES OF HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS DIGESTERS SAMPLES OF HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS DIGESTERS –– NCERD, NSUKKANCERD, NSUKKA

Fixed dome Biogas digester at Mayflower

Secondary School, Ikenne, Ogun state

SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd(cntd……))

Prof. A. S. Sambo16

l Title: Improved Wood stoves just constructed before firing

l Location: Danjawa Village, Wamakko LG, Sokoto State

l Title: Pilot Double hole improved wood stove

l Location: GGCSS Argungu

l Capacity: Average of 40-40 person

l Cost: N5,000

l Year: 2006

l Objective: Cooking

l Sponsor: SERC

l Beneficiary: School Community

l Title: Single Hole Improved Wood burning stove

l Location: GGSS, Argungu, Kebbi State

l Capacity: Average family of 15-20 persons

l Year: 2006

l Objective: Cooking

l Sponsor: SERC

l Beneficiary: School Community

Improved Wood Burning Stove

SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd(cntd……))

Prof. A. S. Sambo17

MAJOR CHALLENGESMAJOR CHALLENGESMAJOR CHALLENGESMAJOR CHALLENGESMAJOR CHALLENGESMAJOR CHALLENGESMAJOR CHALLENGESMAJOR CHALLENGES

l Despite the installed petroleum products refining capacity of 44Despite the installed petroleum products refining capacity of 44Despite the installed petroleum products refining capacity of 44Despite the installed petroleum products refining capacity of 445,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 barrel/day and electricity generation capacity in excess of 6,00barrel/day and electricity generation capacity in excess of 6,00barrel/day and electricity generation capacity in excess of 6,00barrel/day and electricity generation capacity in excess of 6,000 MW, 0 MW, 0 MW, 0 MW, Nigeria imports over 70% of its petroleum products requirement wNigeria imports over 70% of its petroleum products requirement wNigeria imports over 70% of its petroleum products requirement wNigeria imports over 70% of its petroleum products requirement while hile hile hile electricity supply is inadequate at just about 3,000 MW.electricity supply is inadequate at just about 3,000 MW.electricity supply is inadequate at just about 3,000 MW.electricity supply is inadequate at just about 3,000 MW.

l Coal and renewable energy resources are grossly under utilized iCoal and renewable energy resources are grossly under utilized iCoal and renewable energy resources are grossly under utilized iCoal and renewable energy resources are grossly under utilized in the n the n the n the country despite their availability in reasonable quantities.country despite their availability in reasonable quantities.country despite their availability in reasonable quantities.country despite their availability in reasonable quantities.

l Huge investment is required to upgrade and expand our power Huge investment is required to upgrade and expand our power Huge investment is required to upgrade and expand our power Huge investment is required to upgrade and expand our power generation, transmission and distribution systems, which governmgeneration, transmission and distribution systems, which governmgeneration, transmission and distribution systems, which governmgeneration, transmission and distribution systems, which government ent ent ent alone cannot provide in view of other pressing demands of the alone cannot provide in view of other pressing demands of the alone cannot provide in view of other pressing demands of the alone cannot provide in view of other pressing demands of the economy.economy.economy.economy.

l Good potentials exist in the upstream business in the offGood potentials exist in the upstream business in the offGood potentials exist in the upstream business in the offGood potentials exist in the upstream business in the off----shore, onshore, onshore, onshore, on----shore and inland basins of the country, as well as in the downstshore and inland basins of the country, as well as in the downstshore and inland basins of the country, as well as in the downstshore and inland basins of the country, as well as in the downstream ream ream ream oil and gas business. Similar potentials exist in the power sectoil and gas business. Similar potentials exist in the power sectoil and gas business. Similar potentials exist in the power sectoil and gas business. Similar potentials exist in the power sector.or.or.or.

l The level of utilisation of the nationThe level of utilisation of the nationThe level of utilisation of the nationThe level of utilisation of the nation’’’’s huge renewable energy s huge renewable energy s huge renewable energy s huge renewable energy resources is rather too low.resources is rather too low.resources is rather too low.resources is rather too low.

Prof. A. S. Sambo18

• With the vast renewable energy resources and a National Energy Policy(NEP) as well as a National Renewable Energy Masterplan(NREMP), Nigeria is well positioned to up-scale the use of renewable energy.

• The way forward for Nigeria is pass the NEP and the NREMP into law to ensure their sustained implementation from one government to another.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION