niao (amy) chen association for canadian educational ... · pdf fileniao (amy) chen...

Niao (Amy) Chen

Association for Canadian Educational Resources (ACER)

University of Toronto Scarborough

August 29, 2013

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Preface:

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the following people, who offered this

great opportunity to me, and provided support during the study process:

• Alice Casselman, President, ACER

• Anna Maria Russo, Masters of Environmental Science Internship Coordinator,

University of Toronto Scarborough

• Kathryn Chin, Project Coordinator, ACER

• Lynn Short, Horticulture Technician, Humber College

In addition, I would like to thank my co-workers who generously helped me measure

trees, record data , and organize data:

• Daniel Jun Sun Kim, graduate student, Master of Environmental Science,

University of Toronto

• Yafei Deng, graduate student, Master of Environmental Science, University of

Toronto

• Talent Huang, graduate student, Master of Environmental Science, University of

Toronto

• Sam Zhao Xing, graduate student, Master of Environmental Science, University

of Toronto

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Glossary of Terms:

! Biodiversity: the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial,

marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are a

part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

! Climate Change: any change in climate over time due to natural variability or as a result

of human activity.

! (SI/MAB) protocols: Smithsonian Institution/Man and the Biosphere Biological Diversity

Program.

! Diameter at breast height (DBH): a standard method of expressing the diameter of the

trunk or bole of a standing tree. The diameter is measured at 1.3 meters above ground.

! Growing Degree Days (GDD): a heuristic tool in phenology. GDD are a measure of heat

accumulation used by horticulturists, gardeners, and farmers to predict plant and pest

development rates such as the date that a flower will bloom or a crop reach maturity.

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!"#$%&'(&)'*+%*+&

PREFACE:!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#!

LIST OF FIGURES!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#$!

LIST OF TABLES!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#$!

LIST OF APPENDICES!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#$!

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!$!

I.! INTRODUCTION!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%!

i)! ACER Background!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#!

ii)! Forest Biodiversity Facts!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#!

iii)! Site Description!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!$!

iv)! Study Objectives!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%!

II.! METHODOLOGY!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!&!

i)! Field Preparation!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!&!

III.! RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!%'!

i)! Air Temperature!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#'!

ii)! Species Distribution!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!##!

((()! *(+,-.-/!01+22!3*45)!*(2./(67.(89!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#$!

iv)! DBH Growth Rate!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#&!

:)! *--/!4/8;2(9<!+9=!57,+9!>?.(:(.(-2!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!#@!

IV.! CONCLUSIONS:!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!('!

i)! Sharing more Information:!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!A#!

ii)! Engaging more people:!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!A#!

iii)! Building for more resilience:!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!AA!

V.! REFERENCES:!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!()!

VI.! APPENDIX:!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!$#*%!

()! 01(,+.-!*+.+!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!BCD#!

(()! *45!01+22!*(2./(67.(89!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!BCD#E!

((()! F+9=8,1G!H-1-?.-=!I/--2!J8/!K/8;.L!F+.-!>9+1G2(2!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!BCDA#!

(:)! 57,6-/!M8/-2.!A''%!*+.+!HL--.!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!BCDAN!

:)! 57,6-/!M8/-2.!A''O!*+.+!HL--.!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!BCDNA!

:()! 57,6-/!M8/-2.!A'#$!*+.+!"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!BCD@%!

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List of Figures

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!"#$%&'8'<G4':%/;.5'K-.&'LMJ/0#'(E>'K-0*/J)='B&C&).&*'.%&&7N' (1!

List of Tables

3-D)&'('<-.-'K&C/%.'O.&J7'P"7.' F!

3-D)&'2'<G4'H)-77"I"C-."/0'"0'2>>A?'2>>@'-0*'2>(9' (A!

3-D)&'9'35&'0$JD&%'/I'.%&&7'-0*'.5&'&II&C.7'/I'.%-")'/%'*&&%'I&0C&' (@!

List of Appendices

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T"N' 4$JD&%'!/%&7.'2>(9'<-.-'QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ'ROSFA'

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Executive Summary:

Monitoring plant biodiversity is a significant way to understand how trees respond to

climate change, including increasing temperature, altering sunlight duration, and

precipitation flux. Ecological monitoring programs help us recognize early indicators of

ecosystem problems, and the shifting in our natural areas. Monitoring programs help meet

goals set out by the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy, Canada’s formal response to the United

Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (Environment Canada, 2003). Using global

protocols for forest biodiversity monitoring, there are now approximately 104 SI/MAB sites in

Canada located across climate, chemical and ecological gradients with over 25 sites located

within Southern Ontario that allow for more detailed bio-climate analysis (MacIver, 1998;

Environment Canada, 2003).

The Association for Canadian Educational Resources (ACER) developed a climate

change experimental site in northwest Toronto, Humber Arboretum in order to assess

threats on ecological sustainability and urban biodiversity under changing climatic conditions.

In this monitoring project, mature trees in twenty-five quadrats in the urban forest plot (Go

Global Experimental Plot) and twenty-eight quadrats in the urban meadow plot (Biodiversity

Experimental Plot) were measured and assessed using diameter at breast height (DBH),

height of tree, species identification, tree location via triangulation, health status, crown

diameter measurements, canopy height and tree status.

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This report found that during the past ten years from 2003 to 2013, the air temperature

has been gradually increasing and the Growing Degree Days (GDD) have been getting

longer. This can be linked with the phenomenon that trees species distributions have been

slightly changed, and that several tree species have shown an increasing growth rate under

warmer days.

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I. Introduction

i) ACER Background

The Association for Canadian Educational Resources (ACER) was founded by Alice

Casselman in 1987. It is a not-for-profit organization, generously giving the whole community

to those in need in terms of educational resources. By creating, launching several

community programs, ACER provides great opportunities for citizen scientists to participate

in taking on monitoring and reporting. Through education people and offering educational

resources, ACER also raises more awareness and attention of climate change, biological

diversity and sustainable development, and spreads its sincere bellef that ecological

monitoring benefits future environmental plans in the ear of climate change. ACER

encourages the grassroots to contribute to conducting scientific measurement with proper

training, measurement tools and materials, and following-up data collections, to meet the

requirements of learners (ACER, 2012).

The organization currently offers several programs, which encourage

community-based involvement in planting and monitoring trees and monitoring forest

biodiversity (ACER, 2012).

ii) Forest Biodiversity Facts

Biodiversity, as defined by Environment Canada, is “the variability among all living

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organisms – within species, between species and of ecosystems – resulting from four billion

years of evolution” (Environment Canada, 2013). Global biodiversity decline has been

considered as one of the leading global issues facing all humans. Diverse ecosystem can

sustain more values, such as food products, and recreational activities. Continuing decline of

biodiversity will surely create negative effects on humans. Based on United Nations

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (2007), if the trend remains,

nearly one third of global plants and wildlife spec2ies will be at risk of extinction in the next

decades due to the unstable climate change.

Among 30,000 known species, there are over 5,500 species of plants in Ontario (OBC,

2011). Even though Ontario has the highest diversity among the provinces and most of

Ontario’s native species are safe, a few require extra concern since their populations have

declined due to some threats or living condition change (OBC, 2011). According to Ontario

Biodiversity Counsel (2011), our increasing demand of natural resources combined with our

growing population have impelled main threats, such as habitat loss, introduction of invasive

species, pollution, unsustainable use and climate change, which, all make contributions to

drive further biodiversity decline. Statistically, the population of Great Toronto Area (GTA)

has increased from 5,297,400 to 6,785,000 (28%) in the past 10 years from 2001 to 2011

(Metropolis, 2013).

Recent studies by the Canadian Forest Service and the Ontario Ministry of Natural

Resources demonstrate that it is very likely for plants to shift northward due to changing

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climate conditions, such as air temperature, precipitation patterns, and increased frequency

or severity of extreme weather events.

iii) Site Description

Biodiversity is scale dependent. Karsh el at (2006) address that the relationships

between spatial scales plot sizes, and biodiversity is “hump- shaped” (p.2), where the

species diversity reaches the peak at areas of 1 hectare in size. Furthermore, an ideal

monitoring program should include both 1-hectare plot and several 20 * 20 meters plots in

order to maximize the amount of data collected on biodiversity status. Based on the

“Benefit-Cost analyses of plot sizes in Canadian monitoring projects”, the Go Global Plot and

Biodiversity Plot in Humber Arboretum, therefore, will be desirable for biodiversity studies

and research (EMAN, 2011, p12).

Humber Urban Forest is one of the experimental plots in Go Global. Go Global is one

part of international network of one-hectare plots, which demonstrate the effectiveness of

local monitoring and reporting of environmental change in long-term forest biodiversity

monitoring programs. ACER and its community partners monitor and report changes in

one-hectare forest plots representative of regional ecosystems by trained volunteers using

Smithsonian / Environment Canada protocols. Twelve one-hectare plots along Southern

Ontario’s escarpment were inventoried and measured in accordance to the Smithsonian’s

international forest research protocols. These activities involve the community in

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understanding the consequences of climate change and human impact on our ecosystems

and enable comparison with global forests.

Humber Forest plot is located in the north part of the Humber Forest near the Humber

Arboretum Nature Centre. Humber Forest is a part of Humber Arboretum, which is on the

south side of Humber College (North Campus) in western Toronto, Ontario.

For the past 10 years, students and volunteers have been measuring the success and

growth rate of the trees using scientific methods and tools. Originally, the students and

community-based volunteers planted 2,100 trees for the experiment in 2002 using scientific

biodiversity-sensitive designs. This experiment has allowed them to broaden their

understanding of scientific research by completing hands-on fieldwork and practicing

scientific techniques and calculations.

iv) Study Objectives

Biological diversity monitoring was undertaken both in urban forest and urban meadow,

in which mature trees in twenty five quadrats in the urban forest plot (Go Global

Experimental Plot) and twenty-eight quadrats in the urban meadow plot (Biodiversity

Experimental Plot) were measured and assessed by measuring diameter at breast height

(DBH), height of tree, species identification, tree location via triangulation, health status,

crown measurements, canopy height and tree status.

However, since the trees in Biovidiversity Plot were planted according to specific plans,

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the tree species were not distributed randomly. In this study, therefore, only data obtained

from the forest will be eventually considered and analyzed. Data obtained from Biodiversity

Plot will be used as comparison if necessary.

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II. Methodology

i) Field Preparation

For each quadrat in Go Global and Biodiversity plots, the group set up one quadrat at a

time by surrounding it with four 20-metre ropes, which also represent side 1 to 4 – one

person stands at the northwest corner of the quadrat facing northeast corner, where the side

on the left is identified as Side 1. Side 2 to Side 4 are then set clockwise from side 1(See

Figure 1).

Along with Side 1, one

opens a 2-metre stick to set the

two-meter swath, and gathers

tree measurement data one by

one following spiral order , for

those with a DBH larger than

4cm.

!" #$%%&'%()*$%+%,-&'%-./0&(,0&1(-(&2/33%2-!/,&

Our group use the Smithsonian Institution/Measurement and Assessment of

Biodiversity (SI/MAB) protocols, which were supported by Ecological Monitoring and

Figure 1 Field Preparation

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Assessment Network (EMAN) of Environment Canada to make sure that data was collected

consistently across Canada (Dallmeier, 1992), to gather all the data, including DBH, tree

height, triangulations, and so on. Along with SI/MAB, the group also use ACER’s addition of

measuring procedures to obtain “crown width” and “crown depth”. Therefore, there are eight

variables in total were gathered, which are listed below (See Table 1).

Table 1 Data Recort Items List

Description Classification

Tree Number

Common Name

Location Side Number

a (m)

b (m)

DBH DBH (cm)

Crown Width CW1 (m)

CW2 (m)

Height (, Clinometer) Compass Bearing

Upper Angle

Lower Angle

CW Depth

Total Height (m)

Status Status Code

Health Health Code

Health Notes

Triangulation is used to locate the tree, which can be recorded using “line a” length

(facing the closest side, the distance from the tree to the right hand corner) and “line b”

length (facing the closest side, the distance from the tree to the left hand corner) (Figure 2).

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Figure 2 Triangulation and Height Measure Method

To get total height and crown depth, upper angle and lower angle are firstly measured

from a 20-meter distance from a tree using a clinometer (See Figure 2), and then a tangent

table is used to calculate tree height and crown depth. DBH is the diameter of a tree at 1.3 m

height, and is measured by a diameter tape. Crown width is the determined by the outer

longest width of braches and leaf cover, with a 30-meter tape.

!!" #$!%&'()*&'&)#+$$(,'!+-)

The long term ten years climate data (maximum and minimum air temperature) are

available online through Environment Canada. The climate station is located in Pearson

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International Airport (Latitude: 43.68, Longitude -79.63), which is just eight kilometers aways

from Humber Arboretum (the study site). Heat is an influential factor for significant ecological

impacts, biological vulnerabilities and forest adaptations while the temperature keeps

changing. Rochefort and Woodward (1992) address that heat unit can be used as a useful

baseline to evaluate ecological monitoring plots. In this study, therefore, Growing Degree

Days (GDD) or heat units, the system, within which an organism’s growth rate can be

identified, when an organism’s growth rate is predominantly under temperature control, is

used to represent the climate conditions (McMaster, 1997).

According to the interpretations of McMaster and Wilhelm (2007), the canonical form

for calculating GDD is:

!"" !!!!"# ! !!"#!

!! !!"#$

where !!"# is the daily maximum air temperature, !!"# is the daily minimum air

temperature, and !!"#$ is the temperature below which the process of interest does not

progress. As recommended by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (2013), the base

temperature is set as 5 !.

The Effective Growing Degree Days (EGDD) is used to calculated from April 1 for the

purposes of analyzing tree growth conditions, because the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture,

Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) usually choose April 1 as the start date (Maclver, 2006;

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2013).

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III. Results and Discussion:

i) Air Temperature

The tree measurement data were collected in summer 2004, winter 2009, and summer

2013; therefore air temperatures are collected from April 1st to September 30

th in 2003, 2009,

and 2012 respectively. As shown in Figure 2, data in the year of 2012 shows a generally

higher level than that of the other two years. In this case, we assume that trees got more

chance to grow in the year of 2012 regardless of other factors, such as soil quality,

precipitations, and wind speed.

Figure 3 Growing Degree Days in 2003, 2009, and 2013

!"#$

!%$

#$

%$

"#$

"%$

&#$

&%$

'#$

'%$

!"#!$% !&#!$% !'#!$% !(#!$% !)#!$% !*#!$%

+,-.%/012%34056$.7%71%894792:90%;!7<%

=01>5?@%+9@099%+,-.%

())&##'$ ())&##*$ ())&#"&$

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ii) Species Distribution

In the year of 2004, 2009, and 2013, the dominant species at Humber Forest is

Ironwood, with a percentage of 35%, 30%, and 25% respectively. From 2004 to 2013, the

percentage of Sugar Maple increased from 10% to 18%, becoming the second dominant

species in 2013, instead of American beech (See Figure 4,5,6). On one hand, this is possibly

due to the “little response” of Sugar Maple to temperature change. A research on climate

change and shifts in potential tree species range limits shows that there is little range limit

change for Sugar Maple in Great Lakes Regions in their study scenario (Walker et al., 2002).

On the other hand, this little response can be caused by the fact that Sugar Maple usually

response to climatic variability and change based on site-specific properties (Schutten,

2011). Also, Steenberg (2011) suggests that Sugar Maple is a late-successional species,

which is robust to the climatic change and often performs stable between scenarios.

Figure 4 Species Distribution in 2004

Shagbark Hickory 12%

American Beech 13%

Balsam Fir 1%

Basswood 1%

Bitternut Hickory 3% Black

Cherry

1%

Black Maple 6%

Burr Oak 2% Downy Hawthorn

8% Eastern Hemlock

2%

Ironwood 35%

Manitoba Maple 1%

Red Maple 2%

Sugar Maple 10%

White Ash 3% !""#$%&'()'*$

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However, in the past ten years, Downy Hawthorn has shrunk from 8% to almost none.

For other species, such as Bitternut hickory, white ash, shagbark hickory, and oak, the

percentage shows similar pattern to each other.

Shagbark

Hickory

13% American

Beech

16%

Bitternut Hickory

5%

Black Maple

7% Burr Oak

3% Downy Hawthorn

2%

Eastern Hemlock

3%

Ironwood

30%

Manitoba Maple

1%

Red Maple

3% Sugar

Maple

13%

White Ash

3%

!""#$%&'()'*$

Shagbark Hickory

11%

American Beech

11%

Balsam Fir

0%

Basswood

0%

Bitternut Hickory

5%

Black

Cherry

1%

Black Maple

7% Burr

Oak

2%

Downy

Hawthorn

0%

Eastern

Hemlock

1%

Ironwood

25%

Manitoba Maple

10%

Red Maple

3%

Sugar Maple

18%

White Ash

4%

!"+,$%&'()'*$

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In addition to air temperature changes, there are other significant factors that influence

species distributions even more. A study on how environmental variables, including

elevation, latitude, slope angle, and slope aspect, affect the common tree species

distribution, such as sugar maple, white birch, balsam fir, and white spruce, shows that sugar

maple and balsam birch abundance was controlled by elevation and latitude (Goldblum et al.,

2010). However, climate change does affect species adaptation and their competitors’

adaptation towards different elevations and latitudes, and can further expose more control to

species distributions, as suggested that species distributions, local scales, and abundance

may be decoupled from adaptation (Arii et al., 2005).

iii) Diameter Class (DBH) Distribution

The diameter at breast height (DBH) is a standardized trunk measurement that is

taken at 1.30 m above the base of the trunk. This measurement is possibly the most

important in this study, because it is a fairly accurate indicator of a tree’s age, and growth

rate, although DBH age relationships differ within different species. Even though tree height

can also be used for estimating trees’ growth rate, during the tree measuring process,

however, the team met difficulties seeing the top of some trees due to the large crown width,

which might contribute to some experimental error. Trees with smaller DBH measurements

can be seen as younger trees. Table 2 demonstrates the DBH distribution for Go Global

plots in 2004, 2009, and 2013. This study contains six DBH classifications. The comparison

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within trees’ DBH classifications in the past 10 years is shown in Figure 7 (The table

including the entire species DBH Classification can be seen in Appendices i).

For example, in 2004, most ironwood has a DBH between 5 to 15 cm, and the number

of trees whose DBH is in this range had decreased in the next 10 years maybe because they

grow up. Sugar Maple shows better regeneration performance – trees with DBH less than

5cm have dramatically increased from 2009 to 2013. As for black maple, the DBH

classification distribution patterns are very similar in the past decade.

Table 2 DBH Classification in 2004, 2009 and 2013

Species <5 5-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 >60 Total

2004 Ironwood 9 212 57 5 1 1 285

Sugar Maple 8 49 14 4 3 3 81

American Beech 6 57 27 9 2 1 102

Black Maple 4 25 10 5 1 0 45

Bitternut Hickory 2 5 8 7 2 0 24

2009 Ironwood 1 123 39 6 3 0 173

Sugar Maple 3 47 18 3 2 3 76


Shagbark Hickory 9 20 25 17 3 74

Black Maple 2 25 9 5 2 0 43

2013 Ironwood 4 111 37 5 3 1 161

Sugar Maple 25 60 21 8 1 3 118


Shagbark Hickory 4 8 15 22 21 2 72

Black Maple 5 28 6 4 1 0 44

15

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iv) DBH Growth Rate

Among more than 600 trees measured in 2013, 150 trees, which have kept healthy

since 2004 until recently, are chosen randomly to complete this growth rate analysis. Growth

rate is simply estimated from:

!"#!!"#$%!!!"#$! !!"#!""#!!"#!""#

!""#!!""#

!"#!!"#$%!!!"#$! !!"#!"#$!!"#!""#

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Figure 8 DBH Growth Rate (Among 150 Randomly Secelted trees)

It is noticed that there are just 83 cases whose DBH growth rate during 2009 to 2013

are larger than that during 2004 to 2009, which means there is a slight increase of the DBH

growth rate from 2004 to 2013. Comparing with the air temperature change during the past

decade, the relationship between air temperature and trees’ DBH growth rate does not show

a significant relation. Since the trees’ growth rate can be affected by several factors, where

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air temperature is just playing a portion of it, it may not be very clear while just studying the

relationship between air temperature and trees growth rate without consideration of soil

temperature, soil quality, air pollution, and extreme weather condition occurrences.

In addition, by quantifying the impact of climate change on forest tree species growth,

scholars demonstrate that for a Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model (CCGCM3)

projected higher air temperature, Pine, and Red Maple. American Beech, Yellow Birth, and

White Ash are usually responding positively, while species such as White Spruce, Balsam,

Fir, White Birch and other cold hardy species are often responding negatively (Dombroskie

el al., 2010).

In Humber Forest Plot, the Red Males and American Beech the team measured and

studied show the similar trend, in which they grow faster under warmer climate and longer

Growing Degree Days. Unfortunately, there is not enough Balsam Fir in this plot to compare

the relationship with the projection from Dombroskie el al. (2010). Also, Higher air

temperature is also related to the decomposition of organic substances of the forest soil,

resulting in more available nutrients in soil, and faster growth of tress (Reich J. W. et al.,

1992).

v) Deer Browsing and Human Activities

Other than air temperature change, deer browsing has a great influence on the survival,

growth and distribution of tree species in forest (Russell, et al., 2001; Long, 20007; Casabon,

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2008). In the case of Humber Go Global Plot, there is a deer fence to protect the Forest from

deer browsing, which goes across quadrat 21 to quadrat 25. It can be easily observed that

outside of the fence, there are much fewer trees than those inside of the fence. However, the

group also observed that some parts of the fence were damaged either by deer themselves,

or by human activities, which may be easy for deer to jump over into the forest. As Table 3

shows that due to the high visitor volume and deer browsing effects, Quadrat 11 to Quadrat

25 represent a larger decrease in the total number of trees. Particularly, Quadrat 24 and

Quadrat 25 have been affected by both deer browsing and trail nearby, the number of tree

has been halved in the past ten years.

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Table 3 The number of trees and the effects of trail or deer fence

Quadrat

Number

Number of trees Number of trees

Changed in Visitor Volume 2004 2013

1 25 22 12.00%

Trail Crossed with low visitor volum

2 37 30 18.92%

3 29 23 20.69%

4 38 29 23.68%

5 22 26 -18.18%

6 27 25 7.41%

Trail Crossed with low visitor volume

7 28 27 3.57%

8 27 19 29.63%

9 42 32 23.81%

10 30 26 13.33%

11 37 29 21.62%

Trail Crossed with high visitor volume

12 25 20 20.00%

13 29 30 -3.45%

14 42 27 35.71%

15 36 17 52.78%

16 25 19 24.00%

17 29 21 27.59%

18 35 27 22.86%

19 42 27 35.71%

20 50 33 34.00%

21 42 29 30.95%

Deer fence crossed

22 33 26 21.21%

23 28 21 25.00%

24 34 16 52.94%

25 44 25 43.18%

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IV. Conclusions:

Urban forest plays an important role in helping urban ecosystem adapt to climate

change by reducing soil erosion, reducing heat island effect, diminishing air pollution, and

creating green spaces for communities. Particularly, within the dramatic increase of

population in urban area, urban landscapes have been modified inevitably by human

settlement and development, resulting in further damage to urban forest and urban

biodiversity.

This study focuses on Humber Forest Plot, located in an urban area. Results show that

the climate, particularly, air temperature, has gradually changed during the past ten years,

which may be linked to the changes of tree species distribution, growth rate, and health

status, with contributions from other factors, such as deer browsing, human activities, and

other climate events.

Ten years is a short time for all the issues addressed, and even for issues that are

successfully addressed, there may be new issues emerging in the next ten years. In that

case, once we learn more about Ontario’s biodiversity and society’s ability to conserve it, we

can refine the outcomes and targets and identify new actions based on findings and

observations in a longer term (OBC, 2011). Forest biodiversity studies can be very

contributive to support further modeling of global carbon sinks and sources under climate

change, as Karsh et al. illustrated in their climate based prediction studies (2006).

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There are some recommendations drawn from the research conducted at the Humber

Arboretum:

i) Sharing more Information:

The sharing of biodiversity information data, collaborating and exchange biodiversity

issues will be significant to the global biodiversity conservation. Therefore, it is very

beneficial to have a global database, or at least a nation wide database for sharing

biodiversity information and data. Also, the access of the database can open to not only

government or related institutions, but also can be open to the public.

In addition, seminars can be held to related scholars, institutions, communities, and

government departments to broaden the current understanding of biodiversity and climate

relationships, and biodiversity monitoring programs should be implemented to report and

evaluate the current condition of biological diversity.

ii) Engaging more people:

Climate change becomes the number one environmental concern (Curry et al, 2007),

there is a dramatic shift in public attention about it recently. However, people are still

criticizing that climate has been changing for centuries and species have survived still. In this

case, it should be clarified that the major problem is the ecosystem is under threat from

multiple facets, such as destruction of habitats, threats from invasive species, and some

extreme weather conditions, which all together make species more vulnerable to any risks

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and diminish species capacity to adapt to the climate change naturally. Therefore, people

should be inspired and empowered to value and protect biodiversity through public events,

community-engaged monitoring programs, and citizen scientist seminars.

iii) Building for more resilience:

Healthy forest with diverse species composition and structure is beneficial for the

ecosystem and microclimate; therefore, to build more resilience in the diversity of forest will

is crucial to adapt to the altering climate.

Even though Scott’s global vegetation model illustrates that building urban parks on

other protected areas may not reverse the eventual loss of boreal forest (Scott, 2005),

remaining ecosystems with a diversity of species and certain sized populations will benefit

the whole ecosystem because high genetic variation have high capacity for rapid

evolutionary adaptation, and those protected area can still help buffer the effects of climate

change. In order to enhance the ecosystem resilience, Ontario’s Biodiversity Council

suggests that actions should be taken to maintain, restore and recover ecosystem function,

and to protect Ontario’s genetic species and ecosystem diversity.

In addition, policies and public programs should be released to promote sustainable

use of biological assets and ease pressures on biodiversity to reduce other threats to the

entire ecosystem.

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V. References:

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (2013) National Ecological Framework - Effective

Growing Degree Days: Procedure. Retrieved from:

http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/ecostrat/1999report/egdd.html

Arii, K., Hamel, B. R., and Lechowicz, M. J. (2005) Environmental correlates of canopy

composition at Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Journal of the Torrey Botanical

Society , Vol. 132, 90-102.

Association for Canadian Educational Resources (ACER). (2012) About Us. Retrieved from:

http://www.acer-acre.ca/about-us

Casabon, C. and Pothier, D. (2008) Impact of deer browsing on plant communities in cutover

sites on Anticosti Island. Ecoscience, 15 (3): 389-397.

Curry, T. E., Ansolabehere, S. & Herzog, H. (2007) A survey of public attitudes towards

climate change and climate change mitigation technologies in the United States:

Analyses of 2006 results. Laboratory for Energy and the Environment, Massachusetts

Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA.

Dombroskie, S., McKendy, M., Ruelland, C., Richards, W., Bourque, C.P.A., Meng, F.R.

(2010) Assessing impact of projected future climate on tree species growth and yield:

development of an evaluation strategy. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global

Change 15(4): 307-320

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Environment Canada (2003) EMAN: Monitoring biodiversity in Canadian forests. Report

prepared by EMAN Coordinating Office, Burlington, Ontario, Canada, Adapted by

Environment Canada. Adaptation and Impacts Division.

Environment Canada (2008) Biological Threats To Biodiversity. Poster prepared for Climate

Change and Biodiversity in the Americas Symposium, Panama City, Panama, Feb.

25-29, 2008. Adaptation and Impacts Division, Environment Canada.

Environmental Canada (2013) Nature at work: Why biodiversity is important to you!

Retrieved from:

http://ec.gc.ca/nature/default.asp?lang=En&n=9193900C-1&offset=1&toc=hide

Goldblum, David., Rigg, L.S., and Napoli, James. M. (2010) Environmental Determinants of

Tree Species Distributions in Central Ontario, Canada. Physical Geography, 31 (5):

423-440.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007) Contribution of Working Groups

I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change. Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger, A. (Eds.) Retrieved from:

http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf

Karsh, M., MacIver, D., Fenech, A., & Auld, H. (2006) Climate-Based Predictions of Forest

Biodiversity Using Smithsonian's Global Earth Observing Network. In A. Fenech,

D. MacIver, H. Auld, & T. Brydges (Eds.), The Americas: Building the Adaptive

Capacity to Global Environmental Change (pp. 153–163). Toronto, Ontario:

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Environment Canada.

Long, Z. T., Pendergast, T. H. and Carson, W. P. (2007) The impact of deer on relationships

between tree growth and mortality in an old-growth beech-maple forest. Forest Ecology

and Management, 252 (1-3): 230-238

MacIver, D. (1998) Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity. Environmental Monitoring

Assessment 49: 177-189

McMaster, G. S., and Wilhelm, W. W. (1997) Growing Degree-Days: One Equation, Two

Interpretations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 87: 291-300.

Metropolis IQ Urban Data Ltd. (2013) GTA Population, Employment and Household

Projections to 2041. Retrieved from:

https://metropolisiq.com/blog/entry/updated-gta-population-employment-and-househol

d-projections-to-2041

Ontario Biodiversity Council (OBC). (2011) Ontario’s Biodiversity Strategy 2011: Renewing

Our Commitment to Protecting What Sustains Us. Ontario Biodiversity Council,

Peterborough, ON.

Reich, J. W., Schlesinger, W. H. (1992) The Global Carbon Dioxide Flux in Soil Respiration

and Its Relationship To Vegetation And Climate. Tell us Series B, 44: 81-99.

Rochefort, L., and F. I. Woodward. (1992) Effects of climate change and a doubling of CO2

on vegetation diversity. J. Exp. Bot., 43, 1169-1180.

Russell, F. L., Zippin, D. B. and Fowler, N. L. (2001) Effects of white-tailed deer on plants,

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plant populations, and communities: a review. The American Midland Naturalist, 146

(1): 1–26.

Scott, D. (2005) Integrating climate change into Canada’s national park system. Climate

change and Biodiversity: 342-345. Yale University Press.

Schutten, Kerry. (2011) The influence of site factors on A. saccharum growth response in

Algonquin Provincial Park to Climatic Variability. Thesis presented to the Faculty of

Graduate Studies of the University of Guelph.

Steenberg, J.W.N., Duinker, P.N., and Bush, P.G. (2011) Exploring adaptation to climate

change in the forests of central Nova Scotia, Canada. Forest Ecology and

Management, 262:2316-2327.

Walker, K.V., Davis, M. B., and Sugita, S. (2002) Climate Change and Shifts in Potential

Tree Species Range Limits in the Great Lakes Region. Journal of Great Lakes

Research, 28(4): 555-567.

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VI. Appendix:

!" !"#$%&'()%&%(

Station Name TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A

Province ONTARIO

Latitude 43.68

Longitude -79.63

Elevation 173.4

Date/Time Year Month

Max Temp

(°C)

Min Temp

(°C) GDD

2003-04-01 2003 4 5.7 -5.1 0.7

2003-04-02 2003 4 4.6 0.6 -0.4

2003-04-03 2003 4 1.4 -3.4 -3.6

2003-04-04 2003 4 -3 -4.8 -8

2003-04-05 2003 4 0.8 -6.5 -4.2

2003-04-06 2003 4 -0.9 -8.4 -5.9

2003-04-07 2003 4 -1.9 -4.7 -6.9

2003-04-08 2003 4 -0.1 -3.4 -5.1

2003-04-09 2003 4 3.4 -4.5 -1.6

2003-04-10 2003 4 9.3 -3.9 4.3

2003-04-11 2003 4 13.4 -1.3 8.4

2003-04-12 2003 4 11.5 1 6.5

2003-04-13 2003 4 11.5 -1.4 6.5

2003-04-14 2003 4 21.7 0.9 16.7

2003-04-15 2003 4 27.5 13.3 22.5

2003-04-16 2003 4 14.2 0.2 9.2

2003-04-17 2003 4 4.7 -2.1 -0.3

2003-04-18 2003 4 11.2 2.7 6.2

2003-04-19 2003 4 17.1 7.6 12.1

2003-04-20 2003 4 20.4 5.9 15.4

2003-04-21 2003 4 19.9 9.1 14.9

2003-04-22 2003 4 9.2 0.5 4.2

2003-04-23 2003 4 7 -1.5 2

2003-04-24 2003 4 14.6 0.2 9.6

2003-04-25 2003 4 12.8 1.3 7.8

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2003-04-26 2003 4 16.3 2 11.3

2003-04-27 2003 4 18.4 0.5 13.4

2003-04-28 2003 4 26.4 8.9 21.4

2003-04-29 2003 4 16.7 4.6 11.7

2003-04-30 2003 4 12.8 3.9 7.8

2003-05-01 2003 5 20 6.4 15

2003-05-02 2003 5 13.9 5.4 8.9

2003-05-03 2003 5 11.4 2.8 6.4

2003-05-04 2003 5 17.1 3.6 12.1

2003-05-05 2003 5 13.2 6.4 8.2

2003-05-06 2003 5 19.6 6.6 14.6

2003-05-07 2003 5 13.1 9.5 8.1

2003-05-08 2003 5 19.6 7.1 14.6

2003-05-09 2003 5 17.2 5.7 12.2

2003-05-10 2003 5 17 11.1 12

2003-05-11 2003 5 22.2 9.7 17.2

2003-05-12 2003 5 11.5 6.9 6.5

2003-05-13 2003 5 11.6 6.4 6.6

2003-05-14 2003 5 16.3 5.8 11.3

2003-05-15 2003 5 17 4.8 12

2003-05-16 2003 5 12.3 9.5 7.3

2003-05-17 2003 5 14.9 9.7 9.9

2003-05-18 2003 5 19.7 10.2 14.7

2003-05-19 2003 5 21.9 7.7 16.9

2003-05-20 2003 5 16.8 7.4 11.8

2003-05-21 2003 5 16.2 5.1 11.2

2003-05-22 2003 5 16 4.2 11

2003-05-23 2003 5 16.7 8.6 11.7

2003-05-24 2003 5 16.6 7.9 11.6

2003-05-25 2003 5 16.1 7.9 11.1

2003-05-26 2003 5 18.8 8.4 13.8

2003-05-27 2003 5 17.9 9.4 12.9

2003-05-28 2003 5 20.2 9.5 15.2

2003-05-29 2003 5 24.4 10 19.4

2003-05-30 2003 5 21.5 10.7 16.5

2003-05-31 2003 5 15.6 8.1 10.6

2003-06-01 2003 6 16 5.7 11

2003-06-02 2003 6 21.6 8.8 16.6

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2003-06-03 2003 6 18.4 7.6 13.4

2003-06-04 2003 6 16.3 11.3 11.3

2003-06-05 2003 6 15.5 9.7 10.5

2003-06-06 2003 6 22.9 9.3 17.9

2003-06-07 2003 6 21.5 13.7 16.5

2003-06-08 2003 6 21.5 13.5 16.5

2003-06-09 2003 6 20.2 10.7 15.2

2003-06-10 2003 6 19.7 9.3 14.7

2003-06-11 2003 6 24.7 11.5 19.7

2003-06-12 2003 6 18.6 13.8 13.6

2003-06-13 2003 6 18.5 14.4 13.5

2003-06-14 2003 6 24.9 15.2 19.9

2003-06-15 2003 6 23.6 11.8 18.6

2003-06-16 2003 6 21.7 10.6 16.7

2003-06-17 2003 6 25.1 11.8 20.1

2003-06-18 2003 6 23.3 15.4 18.3

2003-06-19 2003 6 19.7 11.3 14.7

2003-06-20 2003 6 21.4 10.2 16.4

2003-06-21 2003 6 23.4 14.6 18.4

2003-06-22 2003 6 29.9 15.4 24.9

2003-06-23 2003 6 32 15.7 27

2003-06-24 2003 6 32.9 15.5 27.9

2003-06-25 2003 6 34.4 21.7 29.4

2003-06-26 2003 6 32.9 19.1 27.9

2003-06-27 2003 6 25.8 17 20.8

2003-06-28 2003 6 26.1 15.9 21.1

2003-06-29 2003 6 28.6 16.3 23.6

2003-06-30 2003 6 25.8 14.2 20.8

2003-07-01 2003 7 28 16.5 23

2003-07-02 2003 7 29.7 16.7 24.7

2003-07-03 2003 7 32.5 18.6 27.5

2003-07-04 2003 7 32.5 21.1 27.5

2003-07-05 2003 7 32.6 21.4 27.6

2003-07-06 2003 7 31 19.7 26

2003-07-07 2003 7 25.2 19.2 20.2

2003-07-08 2003 7 29 20 24

2003-07-09 2003 7 26.8 18.9 21.8

2003-07-10 2003 7 21.2 17.6 16.2

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2003-07-11 2003 7 24.3 15.5 19.3

2003-07-12 2003 7 19.7 16.1 14.7

2003-07-13 2003 7 28 13.5 23

2003-07-14 2003 7 29 14.9 24

2003-07-15 2003 7 26.5 16.2 21.5

2003-07-16 2003 7 23.1 12.6 18.1

2003-07-17 2003 7 29.2 12.4 24.2

2003-07-18 2003 7 25.5 14.3 20.5

2003-07-19 2003 7 26.9 11.9 21.9

2003-07-20 2003 7 22.1 15.8 17.1

2003-07-21 2003 7 23.6 15.7 18.6

2003-07-22 2003 7 25.2 16.5 20.2

2003-07-23 2003 7 26.2 16.2 21.2

2003-07-24 2003 7 27.5 16.3 22.5

2003-07-25 2003 7 29.5 14.4 24.5

2003-07-26 2003 7 27.1 18.8 22.1

2003-07-27 2003 7 28.2 17.3 23.2

2003-07-28 2003 7 26.1 12.3 21.1

2003-07-29 2003 7 28.6 15.3 23.6

2003-07-30 2003 7 28.6 15.7 23.6

2003-07-31 2003 7 26.5 19.3 21.5

2003-08-01 2003 8 26.2 18.9 21.2

2003-08-02 2003 8 22 18.8 17

2003-08-03 2003 8 23.8 18.3 18.8

2003-08-04 2003 8 27.3 18.7 22.3

2003-08-05 2003 8 26.9 18.4 21.9

2003-08-06 2003 8 25.5 19.1 20.5

2003-08-07 2003 8 27.9 17 22.9

2003-08-08 2003 8 26.5 18.9 21.5

2003-08-09 2003 8 27.1 18.5 22.1

2003-08-10 2003 8 27.9 18.9 22.9

2003-08-11 2003 8 25.8 18.9 20.8

2003-08-12 2003 8 26.8 19.1 21.8

2003-08-13 2003 8 29.3 19.1 24.3

2003-08-14 2003 8 31.2 19.2 26.2

2003-08-15 2003 8 32 19.8 27

2003-08-16 2003 8 28.5 18 23.5

2003-08-17 2003 8 25.1 14.9 20.1

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2003-08-18 2003 8 27 14.6 22

2003-08-19 2003 8 29.2 14.6 24.2

2003-08-20 2003 8 30.5 17.2 25.5

2003-08-21 2003 8 32.3 18.7 27.3

2003-08-22 2003 8 27.5 18.8 22.5

2003-08-23 2003 8 24.9 11.4 19.9

2003-08-24 2003 8 26 11.2 21

2003-08-25 2003 8 30.1 19.2 25.1

2003-08-26 2003 8 30.6 18.4 25.6

2003-08-27 2003 8 27.1 13.8 22.1

2003-08-28 2003 8 23.2 12.1 18.2

2003-08-29 2003 8 30.7 14.6 25.7

2003-08-30 2003 8 22.2 12.7 17.2

2003-08-31 2003 8 22.5 11.1 17.5

2003-09-01 2003 9 21.2 15.6 16.2

2003-09-02 2003 9 23.3 14.6 18.3

2003-09-03 2003 9 23.9 16.3 18.9

2003-09-04 2003 9 24 13.4 19

2003-09-05 2003 9 22.7 12.4 17.7

2003-09-06 2003 9 26.5 8.8 21.5

2003-09-07 2003 9 29.1 14.4 24.1

2003-09-08 2003 9 23.3 14.6 18.3

2003-09-09 2003 9 22.7 12.8 17.7

2003-09-10 2003 9 25.4 13.2 20.4

2003-09-11 2003 9 27.6 14.4 22.6

2003-09-12 2003 9 25.1 17.9 20.1

2003-09-13 2003 9 24.9 16.9 19.9

2003-09-14 2003 9 25.4 19.1 20.4

2003-09-15 2003 9 21.5 11.8 16.5

2003-09-16 2003 9 24.7 10.2 19.7

2003-09-17 2003 9 24.4 10.8 19.4

2003-09-18 2003 9 22.8 11.6 17.8

2003-09-19 2003 9 19.8 13.7 14.8

2003-09-20 2003 9 20.5 10.5 15.5

2003-09-21 2003 9 19.3 8.2 14.3

2003-09-22 2003 9 19.7 14.9 14.7

2003-09-23 2003 9 19.5 10.6 14.5

2003-09-24 2003 9 20.9 8.9 15.9

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2003-09-25 2003 9 17.7 7.6 12.7

2003-09-26 2003 9 18.1 7.2 13.1

2003-09-27 2003 9 18.5 10.3 13.5

2003-09-28 2003 9 17.6 8.2 12.6

2003-09-29 2003 9 14.2 5.4 9.2

2003-09-30 2003 9 14.2 4 9.2

2003-10-01 2003 10 12.7 2 7.7

2003-10-02 2003 10 10 1 5

2003-10-03 2003 10 12.8 1.5 7.8

2003-10-04 2003 10 11.1 3.9 6.1

2003-10-05 2003 10 12.6 1.7 7.6

2003-10-06 2003 10 11.7 0.3 6.7

2003-10-07 2003 10 17.1 1.5 12.1

2003-10-08 2003 10 26.5 7 21.5

2003-10-09 2003 10 23.7 11.2 18.7

2003-10-10 2003 10 22 12.3 17

2003-10-11 2003 10 20.2 9.8 15.2

2003-10-12 2003 10 19.7 8.3 14.7

2003-10-13 2003 10 19.5 6.5 14.5

2003-10-14 2003 10 17 7.2 12

2003-10-15 2003 10 12.2 6.2 7.2

2003-10-16 2003 10 11.7 3 6.7

2003-10-17 2003 10 10.9 1.7 5.9

2003-10-18 2003 10 8.2 3.4 3.2

2003-10-19 2003 10 9 4.3 4

2003-10-20 2003 10 19.3 4.2 14.3

2003-10-21 2003 10 19.2 4.3 14.2

2003-10-22 2003 10 5.7 1.1 0.7

2003-10-23 2003 10 6.7 -1.3 1.7

2003-10-24 2003 10 8.5 -0.3 3.5

2003-10-25 2003 10 11.4 7 6.4

2003-10-26 2003 10 9.7 5.1 4.7

2003-10-27 2003 10 8.3 1.3 3.3

2003-10-28 2003 10 10 0.2 5

2003-10-29 2003 10 11.2 5.8 6.2

2003-10-30 2003 10 12.9 5.7 7.9

2003-10-31 2003 10 20.9 4.6 15.9

2009-04-01 2009 4 14 2.5 9

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2009-04-02 2009 4 15.1 1.3 10.1

2009-04-03 2009 4 10 3.1 5

2009-04-04 2009 4 5.6 2.5 0.6

2009-04-05 2009 4 12.1 0.3 7.1

2009-04-06 2009 4 4.8 -3.3 -0.2

2009-04-07 2009 4 -0.1 -3.9 -5.1

2009-04-08 2009 4 8.3 -1.7 3.3

2009-04-09 2009 4 11.7 -1.7 6.7

2009-04-10 2009 4 10.7 -0.6 5.7

2009-04-11 2009 4 8.9 -0.8 3.9

2009-04-12 2009 4 6.7 -2.5 1.7

2009-04-13 2009 4 6.8 -3.9 1.8

2009-04-14 2009 4 11.8 3.9 6.8

2009-04-15 2009 4 14.5 3.6 9.5

2009-04-16 2009 4 14.5 2.5 9.5

2009-04-17 2009 4 20.9 3.9 15.9

2009-04-18 2009 4 21.2 8 16.2

2009-04-19 2009 4 12.4 5.2 7.4

2009-04-20 2009 4 9.3 4.3 4.3

2009-04-21 2009 4 12 3.9 7

2009-04-22 2009 4 8 3.5 3

2009-04-23 2009 4 12 3.6 7

2009-04-24 2009 4 19.8 4.8 14.8

2009-04-25 2009 4 27.9 10.5 22.9

2009-04-26 2009 4 16.2 8.1 11.2

2009-04-27 2009 4 27.5 7 22.5

2009-04-28 2009 4 17.3 4.4 12.3

2009-04-29 2009 4 12.5 3.6 7.5

2009-04-30 2009 4 17.5 7.3 12.5

2009-05-01 2009 5 19.5 5.5 14.5

2009-05-02 2009 5 14.6 2.5 9.6

2009-05-03 2009 5 19.8 3.8 14.8

2009-05-04 2009 5 17.3 5.4 12.3

2009-05-05 2009 5 18 5.1 13

2009-05-06 2009 5 17.6 7.4 12.6

2009-05-07 2009 5 19.4 11.9 14.4

2009-05-08 2009 5 24.9 12.2 19.9

2009-05-09 2009 5 19.8 8 14.8

VI-8

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2009-05-10 2009 5 12.7 3.3 7.7

2009-05-11 2009 5 13.9 1.4 8.9

2009-05-12 2009 5 16.5 3.3 11.5

2009-05-13 2009 5 20.1 5.6 15.1

2009-05-14 2009 5 21.7 8.6 16.7

2009-05-15 2009 5 16.9 7.4 11.9

2009-05-16 2009 5 20.3 4.2 15.3

2009-05-17 2009 5 12.5 1.5 7.5

2009-05-18 2009 5 14.7 0.3 9.7

2009-05-19 2009 5 22.6 5.7 17.6

2009-05-20 2009 5 27.6 13.3 22.6

2009-05-21 2009 5 29.1 14.4 24.1

2009-05-22 2009 5 21.1 11.7 16.1

2009-05-23 2009 5 20.1 9.1 15.1

2009-05-24 2009 5 22.8 9.9 17.8

2009-05-25 2009 5 18.8 8.2 13.8

2009-05-26 2009 5 13.9 9.4 8.9

2009-05-27 2009 5 16 10.5 11

2009-05-28 2009 5 17.5 12.2 12.5

2009-05-29 2009 5 23.4 10.4 18.4

2009-05-30 2009 5 20.3 7.5 15.3

2009-05-31 2009 5 12.7 4.6 7.7

2009-06-01 2009 6 17.5 8.3 12.5

2009-06-02 2009 6 16.8 8.4 11.8

2009-06-03 2009 6 19.5 7.5 14.5

2009-06-04 2009 6 18.2 6.8 13.2

2009-06-05 2009 6 21 6.9 16

2009-06-06 2009 6 23 10.9 18

2009-06-07 2009 6 17.8 9.9 12.8

2009-06-08 2009 6 16.3 11.6 11.3

2009-06-09 2009 6 18.8 10.3 13.8

2009-06-10 2009 6 19.4 8.6 14.4

2009-06-11 2009 6 20.4 10.5 15.4

2009-06-12 2009 6 23.8 11.7 18.8

2009-06-13 2009 6 22.8 13.2 17.8

2009-06-14 2009 6 24.3 11.3 19.3

2009-06-15 2009 6 23.6 13.2 18.6

2009-06-16 2009 6 24.3 12.3 19.3

VI-9

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2009-06-17 2009 6 20.7 14.1 15.7

2009-06-18 2009 6 17.8 13.3 12.8

2009-06-19 2009 6 23.1 11.6 18.1

2009-06-20 2009 6 17.7 14.9 12.7

2009-06-21 2009 6 26.5 14.4 21.5

2009-06-22 2009 6 26.1 16.6 21.1

2009-06-23 2009 6 27.2 17 22.2

2009-06-24 2009 6 31.4 18.4 26.4

2009-06-25 2009 6 28.9 20.4 23.9

2009-06-26 2009 6 27.2 18.2 22.2

2009-06-27 2009 6 27.9 16.3 22.9

2009-06-28 2009 6 21.5 14.7 16.5

2009-06-29 2009 6 24 14 19

2009-06-30 2009 6 20.8 14.9 15.8

2009-07-01 2009 7 23.3 14.1 18.3

2009-07-02 2009 7 21.9 15.3 16.9

2009-07-03 2009 7 23.3 13.9 18.3

2009-07-04 2009 7 22.4 12 17.4

2009-07-05 2009 7 23.5 10.6 18.5

2009-07-06 2009 7 25.1 13.6 20.1

2009-07-07 2009 7 20.2 13.8 15.2

2009-07-08 2009 7 24.1 12.6 19.1

2009-07-09 2009 7 24.1 13.5 19.1

2009-07-10 2009 7 26.5 14.8 21.5

2009-07-11 2009 7 28.3 14.6 23.3

2009-07-12 2009 7 23.4 9.4 18.4

2009-07-13 2009 7 23.4 10.6 18.4

2009-07-14 2009 7 25.4 11.6 20.4

2009-07-15 2009 7 23.9 11.7 18.9

2009-07-16 2009 7 27.8 15.3 22.8

2009-07-17 2009 7 21.2 14.3 16.2

2009-07-18 2009 7 23.2 14.2 18.2

2009-07-19 2009 7 23 12 18

2009-07-20 2009 7 24.8 12.5 19.8

2009-07-21 2009 7 24.2 14.4 19.2

2009-07-22 2009 7 22.7 16 17.7

2009-07-23 2009 7 23.4 17.4 18.4

2009-07-24 2009 7 24.4 16.9 19.4

VI-10

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2009-07-25 2009 7 22.7 17.9 17.7

2009-07-26 2009 7 22.9 16.1 17.9

2009-07-27 2009 7 27.2 16.1 22.2

2009-07-28 2009 7 27.8 20.1 22.8

2009-07-29 2009 7 23.3 14.2 18.3

2009-07-30 2009 7 25.3 13.4 20.3

2009-07-31 2009 7 27.7 16.3 22.7

2009-08-01 2009 8 27.1 14.6 22.1

2009-08-02 2009 8 25.5 15.4 20.5

2009-08-03 2009 8 26.1 12.6 21.1

2009-08-04 2009 8 26.4 15 21.4

2009-08-05 2009 8 24.4 10.9 19.4

2009-08-06 2009 8 24.4 15 19.4

2009-08-07 2009 8 22.9 14.1 17.9

2009-08-08 2009 8 22 12 17

2009-08-09 2009 8 29.5 18.5 24.5

2009-08-10 2009 8 30 18.8 25

2009-08-11 2009 8 26.1 16 21.1

2009-08-12 2009 8 25.4 17.5 20.4

2009-08-13 2009 8 28.1 16.8 23.1

2009-08-14 2009 8 28.4 17.1 23.4

2009-08-15 2009 8 29.6 18.4 24.6

2009-08-16 2009 8 29.3 19.5 24.3

2009-08-17 2009 8 31.4 23 26.4

2009-08-18 2009 8 29.5 20.9 24.5

2009-08-19 2009 8 26.1 17.3 21.1

2009-08-20 2009 8 28.6 20.8 23.6

2009-08-21 2009 8 27.2 19.8 22.2

2009-08-22 2009 8 24.4 16.8 19.4

2009-08-23 2009 8 22.1 14.7 17.1

2009-08-24 2009 8 24 13.5 19

2009-08-25 2009 8 25.8 13.5 20.8

2009-08-26 2009 8 23 13.7 18

2009-08-27 2009 8 21 11.4 16

2009-08-28 2009 8 19.7 13.4 14.7

2009-08-29 2009 8 22.3 14.4 17.3

2009-08-30 2009 8 18.5 11.4 13.5

2009-08-31 2009 8 20.9 10.5 15.9

VI-11

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2009-09-01 2009 9 22.5 10.5 17.5

2009-09-02 2009 9 23.6 12.2 18.6

2009-09-03 2009 9 24.4 12.9 19.4

2009-09-04 2009 9 24.8 14.1 19.8

2009-09-05 2009 9 23.9 14.8 18.9

2009-09-06 2009 9 23.2 13.9 18.2

2009-09-07 2009 9 24.2 15.3 19.2

2009-09-08 2009 9 25.2 16.7 20.2

2009-09-09 2009 9 24.5 15.3 19.5

2009-09-10 2009 9 24.3 12.7 19.3

2009-09-11 2009 9 20.4 12.8 15.4

2009-09-12 2009 9 24.1 12.7 19.1

2009-09-13 2009 9 24.7 12.4 19.7

2009-09-14 2009 9 25.8 12.2 20.8

2009-09-15 2009 9 23.5 11.1 18.5

2009-09-16 2009 9 18.7 8.8 13.7

2009-09-17 2009 9 20.5 10.2 15.5

2009-09-18 2009 9 20.8 8.2 15.8

2009-09-19 2009 9 18.8 4.8 13.8

2009-09-20 2009 9 21.2 5.5 16.2

2009-09-21 2009 9 22 13 17

2009-09-22 2009 9 24 19.6 19

2009-09-23 2009 9 27.8 15.6 22.8

2009-09-24 2009 9 22.5 12.1 17.5

2009-09-25 2009 9 15.8 10.9 10.8

2009-09-26 2009 9 17.7 8.1 12.7

2009-09-27 2009 9 21.2 13.7 16.2

2009-09-28 2009 9 18 11.1 13

2009-09-29 2009 9 16.2 7.2 11.2

2009-09-30 2009 9 11.8 5.6 6.8

2009-10-01 2009 10 12 2.4 7

2009-10-02 2009 10 12.5 4.3 7.5

2009-10-03 2009 10 17.2 8.1 12.2

2009-10-04 2009 10 14 7.2 9

2009-10-05 2009 10 17 5.9 12

2009-10-06 2009 10 15 5.9 10

2009-10-07 2009 10 13.4 6.7 8.4

2009-10-08 2009 10 17.6 5.5 12.6

VI-12

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2009-10-09 2009 10 11.4 7.3 6.4

2009-10-10 2009 10 14.2 6.4 9.2

2009-10-11 2009 10 10.2 -0.2 5.2

2009-10-12 2009 10 6.7 -0.6 1.7

2009-10-13 2009 10 10.7 2.4 5.7

2009-10-14 2009 10 7.3 -1.2 2.3

2009-10-15 2009 10 4.5 -0.7 -0.5

2009-10-16 2009 10 7.1 -0.7 2.1

2009-10-17 2009 10 8.6 0.3 3.6

2009-10-18 2009 10 9.8 -0.7 4.8

2009-10-19 2009 10 15.2 0.3 10.2

2009-10-20 2009 10 16.4 10.9 11.4

2009-10-21 2009 10 14.4 9.5 9.4

2009-10-22 2009 10 16.5 3.8 11.5

2009-10-23 2009 10 11 2.9 6

2009-10-24 2009 10 13.5 6.2 8.5

2009-10-25 2009 10 13.2 4 8.2

2009-10-26 2009 10 11.8 5.8 6.8

2009-10-27 2009 10 16.3 8.2 11.3

2009-10-28 2009 10 13 9.6 8

2009-10-29 2009 10 11 9.2 6

2009-10-30 2009 10 15 9.7 10

2009-10-31 2009 10 16.7 6.9 11.7

2012-04-01 2012 4 6.4 1.1 1.4

2012-04-02 2012 4 12.7 1.1 7.7

2012-04-03 2012 4 12.1 -1.1 7.1

2012-04-04 2012 4 12.3 1.3 7.3

2012-04-05 2012 4 9 -0.5 4

2012-04-06 2012 4 12 0.1 7

2012-04-07 2012 4 15.8 0.2 10.8

2012-04-08 2012 4 15 0.5 10

2012-04-09 2012 4 12.8 2.7 7.8

2012-04-10 2012 4 8.5 2.4 3.5

2012-04-11 2012 4 11.1 2.4 6.1

2012-04-12 2012 4 12.2 2 7.2

2012-04-13 2012 4 16.5 0.6 11.5

2012-04-14 2012 4 16 4.3 11

2012-04-15 2012 4 19.6 11.8 14.6

VI-13

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2012-04-16 2012 4 26.7 8.1 21.7

2012-04-17 2012 4 11.4 -0.5 6.4

2012-04-18 2012 4 9.9 -2.4 4.9

2012-04-19 2012 4 24.1 4 19.1

2012-04-20 2012 4 19.4 4.1 14.4

2012-04-21 2012 4 7.6 3.1 2.6

2012-04-22 2012 4 9.6 3.4 4.6

2012-04-23 2012 4 7 1.6 2

2012-04-24 2012 4 7.6 1.3 2.6

2012-04-25 2012 4 14 1.4 9

2012-04-26 2012 4 11.2 1.6 6.2

2012-04-27 2012 4 9.1 -0.1 4.1

2012-04-28 2012 4 10.1 -2.2 5.1

2012-04-29 2012 4 14.4 -1.3 9.4

2012-04-30 2012 4 9.6 0.1 4.6

2012-05-01 2012 5 12.8 5.9 7.8

2012-05-02 2012 5 15.9 6.7 10.9

2012-05-03 2012 5 20.2 10.1 15.2

2012-05-04 2012 5 21.7 11.8 16.7

2012-05-05 2012 5 14.5 8 9.5

2012-05-06 2012 5 17.7 5.1 12.7

2012-05-07 2012 5 15.6 11.9 10.6

2012-05-08 2012 5 17.5 11.8 12.5

2012-05-09 2012 5 19.8 8.1 14.8

2012-05-10 2012 5 16.3 6.7 11.3

2012-05-11 2012 5 22 7.4 17

2012-05-12 2012 5 26.3 9.5 21.3

2012-05-13 2012 5 19.8 11.5 14.8

2012-05-14 2012 5 22.3 10.1 17.3

2012-05-15 2012 5 24.1 9.8 19.1

2012-05-16 2012 5 17.2 5 12.2

2012-05-17 2012 5 17.1 3.5 12.1

2012-05-18 2012 5 20.6 9.4 15.6

2012-05-19 2012 5 27.7 9.5 22.7

2012-05-20 2012 5 27.6 13.9 22.6

2012-05-21 2012 5 26.3 15 21.3

2012-05-22 2012 5 24.8 13.6 19.8

2012-05-23 2012 5 24 16.5 19

VI-14

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2012-05-24 2012 5 26.3 16.1 21.3

2012-05-25 2012 5 31.3 19.4 26.3

2012-05-26 2012 5 26.3 16.1 21.3

2012-05-27 2012 5 25.5 14.2 20.5

2012-05-28 2012 5 32.2 15.7 27.2

2012-05-29 2012 5 28.4 18.3 23.4

2012-05-30 2012 5 23.6 11.6 18.6

2012-05-31 2012 5 19.2 8.4 14.2

2012-06-01 2012 6 15.3 11.6 10.3

2012-06-02 2012 6 17.4 10.9 12.4

2012-06-03 2012 6 18.8 11.2 13.8

2012-06-04 2012 6 16.7 10 11.7

2012-06-05 2012 6 20.9 8.9 15.9

2012-06-06 2012 6 24.7 12.7 19.7

2012-06-07 2012 6 25.9 12.3 20.9

2012-06-08 2012 6 27.7 13.7 22.7

2012-06-09 2012 6 24.9 17.4 19.9

2012-06-10 2012 6 29.6 15.5 24.6

2012-06-11 2012 6 29.2 18.1 24.2

2012-06-12 2012 6 28.1 10.7 23.1

2012-06-13 2012 6 20.6 10.1 15.6

2012-06-14 2012 6 22.4 11.2 17.4

2012-06-15 2012 6 26.4 13.3 21.4

2012-06-16 2012 6 28.4 16.4 23.4

2012-06-17 2012 6 26 18.8 21

2012-06-18 2012 6 27.9 19.7 22.9

2012-06-19 2012 6 33.4 20.2 28.4

2012-06-20 2012 6 34.6 24.4 29.6

2012-06-21 2012 6 34.4 20.5 29.4

2012-06-22 2012 6 27.1 16.7 22.1

2012-06-23 2012 6 26.3 14.5 21.3

2012-06-24 2012 6 25.4 16.3 20.4

2012-06-25 2012 6 20.8 14.3 15.8

2012-06-26 2012 6 27 12.9 22

2012-06-27 2012 6 25.8 14.7 20.8

2012-06-28 2012 6 30.6 17.4 25.6

2012-06-29 2012 6 32.8 19.6 27.8

2012-06-30 2012 6 34 18.4 29

VI-15

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2012-07-01 2012 7 21.3 19 16.3

2012-07-02 2012 7 31.7 15.9 26.7

2012-07-03 2012 7 28.2 18.8 23.2

2012-07-04 2012 7 36.3 20.5 31.3

2012-07-05 2012 7 27.8 20.2 22.8

2012-07-06 2012 7 36.3 21.8 31.3

2012-07-07 2012 7 28 20.5 23

2012-07-08 2012 7 27.6 17.2 22.6

2012-07-09 2012 7 27.1 15.7 22.1

2012-07-10 2012 7 28 17.1 23

2012-07-11 2012 7 29.5 16 24.5

2012-07-12 2012 7 32 16 27

2012-07-13 2012 7 32.3 19.5 27.3

2012-07-14 2012 7 30.8 21.8 25.8

2012-07-15 2012 7 31.4 21.7 26.4

2012-07-16 2012 7 33.3 20.8 28.3

2012-07-17 2012 7 36.8 22.4 31.8

2012-07-18 2012 7 28.4 18.7 23.4

2012-07-19 2012 7 23.4 18.5 18.4

2012-07-20 2012 7 25.8 16.8 20.8

2012-07-21 2012 7 29.9 14.3 24.9

2012-07-22 2012 7 31.3 19.8 26.3

2012-07-23 2012 7 35 21.3 30

2012-07-24 2012 7 27.6 18.4 22.6

2012-07-25 2012 7 28.5 15.9 23.5

2012-07-26 2012 7 28.1 18.4 23.1

2012-07-27 2012 7 26.3 19 21.3

2012-07-28 2012 7 28.2 18.7 23.2

2012-07-29 2012 7 28.9 16.6 23.9

2012-07-30 2012 7 29.7 16.8 24.7

2012-07-31 2012 7 29.8 17.2 24.8

2012-08-01 2012 8 28 19.3 23

2012-08-02 2012 8 28.8 16.4 23.8

2012-08-03 2012 8 30.5 20.8 25.5

2012-08-04 2012 8 32 21.9 27

2012-08-05 2012 8 28.9 17.7 23.9

2012-08-06 2012 8 26.2 14.9 21.2

2012-08-07 2012 8 29.9 15.7 24.9

VI-16

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2012-08-08 2012 8 28.9 19.9 23.9

2012-08-09 2012 8 20.9 18.3 15.9

2012-08-10 2012 8 23.2 18 18.2

2012-08-11 2012 8 21.1 16.6 16.1

2012-08-12 2012 8 25.2 15.8 20.2

2012-08-13 2012 8 27.5 18.5 22.5

2012-08-14 2012 8 22.3 16.9 17.3

2012-08-15 2012 8 25.8 14.8 20.8

2012-08-16 2012 8 27.5 15.5 22.5

2012-08-17 2012 8 24.4 13 19.4

2012-08-18 2012 8 22 10.5 17

2012-08-19 2012 8 25.1 13.7 20.1

2012-08-20 2012 8 23.9 13 18.9

2012-08-21 2012 8 25.9 11.4 20.9

2012-08-22 2012 8 27.7 13 22.7

2012-08-23 2012 8 29.5 16.2 24.5

2012-08-24 2012 8 29.8 16.3 24.8

2012-08-25 2012 8 30.8 17.9 25.8

2012-08-26 2012 8 28.5 19.3 23.5

2012-08-27 2012 8 26 19.1 21

2012-08-28 2012 8 25.8 14.1 20.8

2012-08-29 2012 8 23.3 12.1 18.3

2012-08-30 2012 8 30 13.1 25

2012-08-31 2012 8 33.1 18.4 28.1

2012-09-01 2012 9 27.3 16.7 22.3

2012-09-02 2012 9 27.7 16.7 22.7

2012-09-03 2012 9 29.2 15.4 24.2

2012-09-04 2012 9 24.6 18.2 19.6

2012-09-05 2012 9 26.4 17.8 21.4

2012-09-06 2012 9 27.8 18 22.8

2012-09-07 2012 9 25.7 15.7 20.7

2012-09-08 2012 9 20.4 12.4 15.4

2012-09-09 2012 9 20.6 10.8 15.6

2012-09-10 2012 9 21.1 9.9 16.1

2012-09-11 2012 9 24.9 9.7 19.9

2012-09-12 2012 9 27.6 14.6 22.6

2012-09-13 2012 9 29.1 15.9 24.1

2012-09-14 2012 9 19.1 11 14.1

VI-17

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2012-09-15 2012 9 19.3 7.7 14.3

2012-09-16 2012 9 20.5 7.6 15.5

2012-09-17 2012 9 23.7 13.1 18.7

2012-09-18 2012 9 19.6 7.5 14.6

2012-09-19 2012 9 15.3 6.7 10.3

2012-09-20 2012 9 17.9 11.6 12.9

2012-09-21 2012 9 20.2 12.4 15.2

2012-09-22 2012 9 16.8 7.6 11.8

2012-09-23 2012 9 14.4 5.7 9.4

2012-09-24 2012 9 15.2 3.8 10.2

2012-09-25 2012 9 22 12.5 17

2012-09-26 2012 9 18.2 7.2 13.2

2012-09-27 2012 9 16.5 5.5 11.5

2012-09-28 2012 9 18.4 6.1 13.4

2012-09-29 2012 9 18.2 8.5 13.2

2012-09-30 2012 9 17.7 8.6 12.7

2012-10-01 2012 10 19.1 10.7 14.1

2012-10-02 2012 10 20.2 11 15.2

2012-10-03 2012 10 19.1 15.6 14.1

2012-10-04 2012 10 24 14.2 19

2012-10-05 2012 10 18.3 9.5 13.3

2012-10-06 2012 10 11.3 4.9 6.3

2012-10-07 2012 10 8.5 1.2 3.5

2012-10-08 2012 10 12.9 1.7 7.9

2012-10-09 2012 10 14 4.7 9

2012-10-10 2012 10 11.8 3.1 6.8

2012-10-11 2012 10 12.8 2.4 7.8

2012-10-12 2012 10 8.7 1.2 3.7

2012-10-13 2012 10 9.3 -2.5 4.3

2012-10-14 2012 10 21.6 8.3 16.6

2012-10-15 2012 10 18.7 4.4 13.7

2012-10-16 2012 10 11.8 3.1 6.8

2012-10-17 2012 10 17.5 5 12.5

2012-10-18 2012 10 17.3 9 12.3

2012-10-19 2012 10 14.2 8 9.2

2012-10-20 2012 10 11.6 7.4 6.6

2012-10-21 2012 10 16 6.9 11

2012-10-22 2012 10 19.3 5.9 14.3

VI-18

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2012-10-23 2012 10 12.3 8.6 7.3

2012-10-24 2012 10 12.2 9 7.2

2012-10-25 2012 10 19.9 10.3 14.9

2012-10-26 2012 10 17.4 6.7 12.4

2012-10-27 2012 10 7.6 5.2 2.6

2012-10-28 2012 10 5.8 3.8 0.8

2012-10-29 2012 10 5.3 2.8 0.3

2012-10-30 2012 10 12.3 4.5 7.3

2012-10-31 2012 10 8.2 6.2 3.2

!!" )*+(!"%,,()#,&-#./&#01(

Year Species <5 >60 15-30 30-45 45-60 5-15

2004 Shagbark Hickory 3 28 42 10 14

American Beech 6 1 27 9 2 57

Americn Beech 1 1 4

Balsam Fir 2 2

Basswood 2 3

Bitternut Hickory 2 8 7 2 5

Black Cherry 4

Black Maple 4 10 5 1 25

Blue Beech 1 2

Burr Oak 1 1 1 7 5 4

Downy Hawthorn 2 5 1 1 57

Eastern Hemlock 1 3 2 10

Iron Wood 1

Ironwood 9 1 57 5 1 212

Manitoba Maple 1 2 5

Red Maple 5 5 10

Red Oak 1

Sugar Maple 8 3 14 4 3 49

Unidentifiable 1 10

Unknown 4 6 1 3

White Ash 1 2 4 3 1 13

2004 Total 45 12 175 87 27 490

2009 American Beech 1 1 21 9 2 46

VI-19

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

Americn Beech 1

Balsam Fir 1

Bitternut Hickory 10 6 4 11

Black Cherry 3


Blue Beech 1 2

Burr Oak 2 2 7 3 2

Downy Hawthorn 1 8

Eastern Hemlock 1 4

Hawthorn 1

Ironwood 1 39 6 3 123

Manitoba Maple 1 3

Red Maple 5 1 12

Red Oak 1

Shagbark Hickory 3 20 25 17 9

Shagwood Hickory 1

Sugar Maple 3 3 18 3 2 47

Unidentifiable 1

Unknown 2

White Ash 3 3 1 11

2009 Total 7 10 132 67 37 307

2013 American Beech 3 1 24 8 1 36

American Elm 1 2

Ash 1

Balsam Fir 1

Basswood 1

Bitternut Hickory 12 6 6 7

Black Cherry 1 5

Black Hawthorn 1 1


Black Maple/suger maple 1

Blue Beech 1

Burr Oak 1 1 8 3

Downy Hawthorn 3

Eastern Hemlock 6

Hawthorn 2

Ironwood 4 1 37 5 3 111

Ironwood 1

VI-20

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

Manitoba Maple 3 18

Red Maple 4 6 1 8

Red Oak 1

Shagbark Hickory 4 2 15 22 21 8

Sugar Maple 25 3 21 8 1 60

White Ash 1 1 3 2 3 14

White Ash 1

2013 Total 51 9 129 64 43 310

VI-21

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

!!!" 2%130$"4(5'"'6&'3(7-'',(80-(9-0:&;(2%&'(<1%"4,#,(

Tree Number DBH Growth Rate 2004-2009 DBH Growth Rate 2009-2013

1 0.001325381 0.013313609

2 0.016929499 0.009473684

3 0.011111111 0.007916667

4 0.019224658 0.008547009

5 0.005637098 0.00308642

6 0.019622454 0.048888889

7 0.031102096 0.001068376

8 0.016081871 0.003333333

9 0.034439417 0

10 0.003476483 0.001802885

11 0.015063168 0.005347594

12 0.000821018 0.007352941

13 0.02141527 0.00990099

14 0.010179434 0.008130081

15 0.038067818 0.03125

16 0.007803121 0.00516055

17 0.011759935 0.014204545

18 0.003703704 0.003881988

19 0.013002364 0.026315789

20 0.000714432 0.00304878

21 0.007575758 0.013586957

22 0.022177627 0.012942779

23 0.00786245 0.008292079

24 0.031716875 0.030864198

25 0.025423729 0.030882353

26 0.028784648 0.009545455

27 0.034946237 0.054333333

28 0.01623062 0.012637969

29 0.035688006 0.011363636

30 0.023569024 0.005088496

31 0.01659751 0.018867925

33 0.009838998 0.039273649

34 0.028767123 0.012850467

35 0.030020704 0.017763158

36 0.022633745 0.024456522

VI-22

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

37 0.015599343 0.019707207

38 0.008952381 0.006616052

39 0.035460993 0.000438596

40 0.006410256 0.012962963

41 0.004504505 0.004844498

42 0.006830601 0.008267717

43 0.002136752 0.013291139

44 0.021321321 0.013178914

45 0.017495396 0.017916667

46 0.001199041 0.014642857

47 0.024054983 0.01463964

48 0.017060367 0.005892857

49 0.018587361 0.023411371

50 0.019877676 0.000409836

51 0.026819923 0.059405941

52 0 0.000734266

53 0.149305556 0.234615385

54 0.066666667 0.21875

55 0.018974359 0.026933702

56 0.016064257 0.020604396

57 0.007334963 0.014637002

58 0.02 0.002232143

59 0.011261261 0.012658228

60 0.025641026 0

61 0.014245014 0.019685039

62 0.015492958 0

63 0.007407407 0

64 0.005897772 0.011392405

65 0.017006803 0.006944444

66 0.026143791 0.028601695

67 0.020512821 0.010616438

68 0.01048951 0.011074561

69 0.021212121 0.025

70 0.053846154 0.055116279

71 0.002325581 0.003826531

72 0.00399061 0.003693182

73 0.006872852 0.008787129

74 0.020745429 0.000469043

VI-23

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

75 0.027027027 0.003197674

76 0.026262626 0.027356021

77 0.013784461 0.024131944

78 0.004004004 0.017008798

79 0.006775068 0.01796875

80 0.016835017 0.010321101

81 0.004227053 0.006537102

82 0.000700701 0.005083732

83 0.014069264 0.024101796

84 0.009868421 0.014906832

85 0.055555556 0.008984375

86 0.033333333 0.0425

87 0.028125 0.012165775

88 0.01312336 0.018613139

89 0.010606061 0.012393162

90 0.024229075 0.015480769

91 0.01344086 0.007669983

92 0.007042254 0.008783784

93 0.002067183 0.007656968

94 0.01486698 0.008189655

95 0.020061728 0.014876033

96 0.013580247 0.029109589

97 0.021186441 0.017857143

98 0.020833333 0.021296296

99 0.01754386 0.005238095

100 0 0.006369427

101 0.019480519 0.034883721

102 0.028846154 0.010655738

103 0.006571087 0.001810345

104 0.006858711 0.00444664

105 0.013513514 0.01484375

106 0.01025641 0.011811594

107 0.018115942 0.012352941

110 0.025821596 0.011585366

111 0.003325942 0.005434783

112 0.036764706 0.015060241

113 0.028409091 0.000242718

114 0.004487179 0.002340824

VI-24

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

115 0.000588235 0.001465416

116 0.018939394 0.023129252

117 0.016966068 0.028804348

118 0.024173028 0.010166667

119 0.01433121 0.008211144

121 0.039906103 0.014204545

122 0.018867925 0.021186441

123 0.00502008 0.009064327

124 0.022522523 0.017559524

125 0.014367816 0.028968254

126 0.026515152 0.034803922

127 0.009689922 0.010531136

128 0.008982036 0.017045455

129 0.013888889 0.012307692

130 0.017932489 0.017714286

131 0.012820513 0.002922078

132 0.005277045 0.010421995

133 0.028011204 0.01205036

134 0.017060367 0.006428571

135 0.019607843 0.014035088

136 0.002949853 0.002173913

137 0.022751323 0.041480447

138 0.003521127 0.017241379

139 0.007575758 0.013043478

140 0.004140787 0.004848485

141 0.022988506 0.026136364

142 0.009090909 0.010775862

143 0.002083333 0.002829218

144 0.002272727 0.003363229

145 0.01954023 0.002623457

146 0.006797937 0.008445946

147 0.050228311 0.057748538

148 0.018313668 0.025415282

149 0.054750403 0.109090909

150 0.031620553 0.034053156

151 0.015033696 0.023894437

152 0.065837937 0.071287129

153 0.010251323 0.011682243

VI-25

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

!#" +/$.'-(=0-',&(>??@()%&%(5;''&(

Q Tree # Species Side A (m) B (m) DBH

(cm)

Upper

Angle

(deg.)

Lower

Angle

(deg.)

Total

Ht (m)

Notes

1 1 Ironwood 1 7.62 12.41 15.09 36 -3 15.58 DS

1 2 Trembling

Aspen*

2 14.23 6.02 43.12 49 -3 24.06 AS

1 3 Black Maple 2 0.85 19.2 7.09 21 -2 8.38 AS

1 4 Trembling

Aspen*

3 14.66 5.36 45 52 -3 26.65 AS

1 5 Ironwood 3 1.79 19.14 18.61 31 -3 13.07 DS

1 6 Ironwood 3 1.76 19.24 18.42 31 -3 13.07 DS

1 7 Ironwood 4 8.77 11.25 10.49 30 -4 12.95 DS

1 8 Ironwood 4 8 12.23 4.49 15 -3 6.41 DS

1 9 Ironwood 4 6.15 13.85 15.67 34 -5 15.24 AS

1 10 Ironwood 1 17.73 8.91 8.91 20 -5 9.03 AS

1 11 Sugar Maple 1 3.92 17.39 20.13 41 -4 18.78 AS

1 12 Ironwood 2 15.31 6.19 7.5 19 -4 8.29 DS

1 13 Sugar Maple 2 7.02 13.7 19.72 43 -4 20.05 AS

1 14 Sugar Maple 3 12.26 8.8 6.84 22 -5 9.83 AS

1 15 Sugar Maple 3 9.2 11.5 6.63 18 -6 8.6 AS

1 16 Sugar Maple 4 8.52 12.66 4.41 13 -2 5.32 AS

1 17 Iron Wood 4 8.03 12.44 6.12 18 -3 7.55 DS

1 18 Black Maple 1 11.84 10.91 40.75 49 -3 24.06 AS

1 19 Black Maple 2 10.5 11.58 17.15 41 -3 18.43 AS

1 20 Ironwood 2 6.68 16.26 14.1 36 -4 15.93 DS

1 21 Ironwood 3 7.66 16.68 10.15 29 -5 12.84 AS

1 22 Ironwood 3 9.09 17.72 8.5 DL

1 23 Ironwood 3 10.37 15.62 5.43 DL

1 24 Sugar Maple 4 11.15 10.35 17.9 34 -5 15.24 AS

1 25 Trembling

Aspen*

4 13.18 11.44 57.96 58 -6 34.11 AS

2 1 Red Maple 1 11.49 8.74 5.21 14 -2 5.68 AL

2 2 Black Maple 1 10.7 9.45 41.65 55 -2 29.26 AS

2 3 Red Maple 1 3.6 16.79 8.22 25 -1 9.68 AS

2 4 Red Maple 2 17.12 2.91 15.75 45 -20 27.28 AS

2 5 Red Maple 2 14.39 5.63 7.05 19 -20 14.17 AS

VI-26

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2 6 American

Beech

2 10.41 9.6 16.33 51 -10 28.22 AS

2 7 Black Maple 2 4.58 15.45 4.4 14 -2 5.68 AS

2 8 Black Maple 2 3.04 17.11 32.39 53 -2 27.24 AS

2 9 Ironwood 3 4.93 15.48 13.56 36 -10 18.06 AS

2 10 Red Maple 4 11.15 8.85 19.29 46 -2 21.41 AS

2 11 Red Maple 4 7.77 12.23 13.61 39 -3 17.24 AS

2 12 American

Beech

2 12.48 8.54 16.73 35 -8 16.81 AS

2 13 Black Maple 2 8.9 11.68 5.9 16 -8 8.55 AS

2 14 Black Maple 3 13.39 7.72 24.7 44 -7 21.77 AS

2 15 Red Maple 3 9.7 10.8 29.44 51 -1 25.05 AS

2 16 Red Maple 3 6.06 14.75 4.69 18 -1 6.85 AS

2 17 Red Maple 3 6.14 15.21 6.2 15 -8 8.17 AS

2 18 White Ash 4 14.29 6.25 12.58 34 -7 15.95 AS

2 19 Ironwood 4 8.58 11.88 8.95 DP

2 20 Ironwood 1 15.74 5.63 8.76 DP

2 21 Red Maple 1 13.71 8.04 4.52 11 -6 5.99 AL

2 22 Trembling

Aspen*

1 13.2 8.38 40.68 47 -6 23.55 AS

2 23 American

Beech

2 15.85 6.89 4.42 7 -5 4.21 AL

2 24 American

Beech

2 14.47 7.8 5.88 15 -6 7.46 DS

2 25 American

Beech

2 15.32 6.86 19.76 37 -5 16.82 AL

2 26 American

Beech

2 9.82 12.34 7.24 19 -6 8.99 DL

2 27 Red Oak 2 8.48 13.48 41.28 45 -6 22.1 AS

2 28 Ironwood 4 15.05 8.44 15.56 DP

2 29 Ironwood 4 8.5 13.56 14.73 24 -4 10.3 DS

2 30 Trembling

Aspen*

1 13.41 10.44 47.51 46 -5 22.46 AS

2 31 Red Maple 1 11.26 14.56 4.53 12 -6 6.35 AS

2 32 Ironwood 2 12.7 11.58 15.11 DP

2 33 Ironwood 4 12.8 10.6 7.3 DP

2 34 Ironwood 4 12.2 10.55 6.12 DP

2 35 Red Maple 4 11.94 13.68 9.9 35 -1 14.35 AS

VI-27

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

2 36 Red Maple 4 11.55 14.33 4.82 14 -1 5.34 AS

2 37 Red Maple 4 12.45 15.36 5.89 21 -2 8.38 AS

3 1 Ironwood 4 2.41 17.81 8.25 AS

3 2 Ironwood 4 2.15 18.87 11.65 26 9 6.59 AS

3 3 Ironwood 1 14 6.24 15.65 28 4 9.24 DS

3 4 American

Beech

2 15.85 4.3 27.95 49 5 21.26 AS

3 5 American

Beech

2 15.9 4.37 10 19 5 5.14 AS

3 6 Black Maple 2 13.43 7 39.5 45 2 19.3 AS

3 7 Black Maple 2 0.7 19.38 18.25 42 5 16.26 AS

3 8 Red Maple 3 17 3.27 16.1 52 3 24.55 AS

3 9 American

Beech

3 14.22 5.8 4.05 9 4 1.77 AS

3 10 Red Maple 4 5.76 14.55 20.3 40 4 15.38 AS

3 11 Red Maple 1 15.23 7.7 4.65 11 1 3.54 AS

3 12 Red Maple 1 15.13 8.74 7.75 DL

3 13 Trembling

Aspen*

1 13.12 8.48 43.75 58 1 31.66 AS

3 14 Black Maple 1 10.77 11.13 19.9 43 3 17.6 AS

3 15 Ironwood 1 8.78 12.25 5.5 DP

3 16 Ironwood 2 12.86 8.29 4.7 54 8 24.72 AS

3 17 American

Beech

3 11.04 9.81 13 29 -2 11.78 AS

3 18 American

Beech

4 13.08 7.69 40.7 50 1 23.49 AS

3 19 Ironwood 1 12.85 10.89 11.1 30 -5 13.3 DS

3 20 American

Beech

2 6.59 15.83 8.05 30 1 11.2 AS

3 21 American

Beech

3 13.11 9.75 9 20 1 6.93 AS

3 22 American

Beech

3 12.44 9.97 9.5 33 3 11.94 AS

3 23 Ironwood 4 15.7 7.25 9.45 17 8 3.3 AS

3 24 American

Beech

4 11.05 13.75 5.65 20 5 5.53 AS

3 25 Red Maple 3 14.19 13.56 7.55 10 6 1.42 AS

3 26 American 3 12.53 10.65 58.3 56 1 29.3 AS

VI-28

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

Beech

3 27 American

Beech

3 11.56 12.92 4.9 13 2 3.92 AS

3 28 American

Beech

3 11.39 13.03 4.45 12 2 3.55 AS

3 29 Red Maple 3 9.59 15.17 12.1 42 9 14.84 AS

4 1 Ironwood 1 6.08 13.92 12.2 33.5 -2 13.94 AS

4 2 Ironwood 2 17.72 3.3 9.8 34 -1 13.84 AS

4 3 Ironwood 2 16.63 3.43 7.5 32 -1 12.85 AS

4 4 White Ash 2 10.07 9.95 70 55 -1 28.91 AS

4 5 Eastern

Hemlock

2 9.53 10.53 4.8 10 -1 3.88 AS

4 6 Eastern

Hemlock

2 5.72 14.6 7.8 22 0 8.08 AL

4 7 American

Beech

3 16.95 4.05 27.75 43 -5 20.4 AS

4 8 Ironwood 3 7.93 13 30 31 -1 12.37 AS

4 9 Ironwood 3 3.01 17.04 6.95 22 0 8.08 AL

4 10 Ironwood 3 2.17 17.85 9.7 32 -1 12.85 AS

4 11 Trembling

Aspen*

4 14.56 5.5 9.15 34 -1 13.84 AS

4 12 Trembling

Aspen*

4 13.26 6.97 12.7 37 -6 17.17 AS

4 13 Burr Oak 4 10.9 9.12 26.9 48 -5 23.96 AS

4 14 Trembling

Aspen*

4 8.9 11.1 10.9 33 -7 15.44 AS

4 15 Black Cherry 4 5.37 14.78 8.7 21 -8 10.49 AL

4 16 Ironwood 4 5.08 15.7 8.35 DL

4 17 Ironwood 4 2.61 17.4 6.85 DP

4 18 Ironwood 1 17.23 4.08 6.9 DP

4 19 Sugar Maple 1 13.61 7.14 71.5 51 -2 25.4 AS

4 20 Ironwood 1 9.41 11.77 9.5 0 DP

4 21 Sugar Maple 1 3.75 17.13 4.8 19 2 6.19 AS

4 22 Sugar Maple 2 11.32 10.12 8 31 1 11.67 AS

4 23 Ironwood 2 8.52 12.86 32.5 32 0 12.5 AS

4 24 Ironwood 3 16.96 4.02 8.3 33 -1 13.34 AS

4 25 Eastern

Hemlock

3 14.68 6.4 7 11 -3 4.94 AL

VI-29

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

4 26 Trembling

Aspen*

3 7.88 13.37 40.9 57 -2 31.5 AS

4 27 Black Maple 3 7.14 13.63 5 18 -1 6.85 AS

4 28 Ironwood 3 5.22 16.02 7.4 22 -1 8.43 AS

4 29 Black Maple 4 12.99 8.35 5.2 9 -1 3.52 AS

4 30 Ironwood 1 9.87 11.64 8.75 DP

4 31 Ironwood 1 9.56 13.01 8.55 28 -2 11.33 AL

4 32 Ironwood 1 9 13.86 8.65 22 -4 9.48 AS

4 33 Ironwood 2 16 5.49 11.7 31.5 -3 13.3 AS

4 34 Trembling

Aspen*

2 9.7 13.07 17.75 43 -2 19.35 AS

4 35 Eastern

Hemlock

3 8.74 14.14 6.2 19 0 6.89 AL

4 36 Ironwood 3 8.23 13.12 4.5 11 -2 4.59 AL

4 37 Bitternut

Hickory

4 12.1 9.25 7.63 12 -8 7.06 AS

4 38 Sugar Maple 3 11.83 13.14 14.65 41 0 17.39 AS

5 1 American

Beech

1 7.55 12.45 4.9 10.1 3 2.51 AS

5 2 American

Beech

1 4.1 15.9 10.2 33 2 12.29 AS

5 3 Ironwood 3 18.3 1.74 6.5 25 3 8.28 AS

5 4 Trembling

Aspen*

3 17.6 2.96 42.9 63 4 37.85 AS

5 5 Sugar Maple 3 17.15 3.6 5.5 4 2 0.7 AS

5 6 Sugar Maple 4 6.95 13.9 6.5 27 1 9.84 AS

5 7 Ironwood 1 13.45 7.47 8.6 39 2 15.5 AL

5 8 Sugar Maple 2 13.65 8.42 7.1 28 1 10.29 AS

5 9 Trembling

Aspen*

2 11.25 10.75 19.4 41 4 15.99 AS

5 10 Trembling

Aspen*

2 11.1 10.6 47.4 56 3 28.6 AL

5 11 Sugar Maple 3 16.7 5.5 7.4 41 6 15.28 AS

5 12 Sugar Maple 3 13.68 7.5 16.5 34 9 10.32 AS

5 13 Ironwood 3 8.4 12.7 13.3 31 7 9.56 AS

5 14 Black Cherry 3 6.65 14.46 14.7 0 AS

5 15 Trembling

Aspen*

4 15.35 5.65 33.3 57 8 27.99 AS

VI-30

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2013/08/29

5 16 Eastern

Hemlock

1 15.4 8.55 16.7 40 2 16.08 AL

5 17 Ironwood 4 6.87 13.13 12.3 29 2 10.39 AS

5 18 Sugar Maple 1 14 8.12 4.1 19 3 5.84 AS

5 19 Ironwood 1 9.7 12.66 9.9 19 2 6.19 AL

5 20 Ironwood 2 10.15 11.75 13.8 29 1 10.74 AS

5 21 Ironwood 3 9.53 14.6 16.65 35 1 13.66 AS

5 22 Trembling

Aspen*

3 12.77 13.8 30.8 44 1 18.96 AL

6 1 Ironwood 1 14.55 5.5 15.2 33 1 12.64 AS

6 2 Ironwood 1 13.74 7.02 4 DP

6 3 Sugar Maple 1 3.5 17.24 5.3 12 3 3.2 AL

6 4 Sugar Maple 1 2.96 17.5 4.8 8 3 1.76 AL

6 5 Sugar Maple 1 2.69 17.57 5 35 3 12.96 AS

6 6 Sugar Maple 2 5.55 14.51 16 40 5 15.03 AS

6 7 White Ash 2 3.42 16.88 12.7 42 5 16.26 AS

6 8 Ironwood 3 16.62 4.18 11 33 6 10.89 AS

6 9 Sugar Maple 3 8.63 11.7 22.7 52 7 23.14 AS

6 10 Trembling

Aspen*

3 6.66 13.41 55.8 60 7 32.19 AS

6 11 Black Maple 4 16.42 4.6 8 27 4 8.79 AS

6 12 Sugar Maple 4 13.4 6.69 65.51 48 1 21.86 DS

6 13 Sugar Maple 4 11.7 8.3 66 47 2 20.75 AL

6 14 Sugar Maple 4 11.15 9.22 DP

6 15 Ironwood 4 7.52 12.84 7.1 24 1 8.56 AS

6 16 Ironwood 4 6.17 13.83 9.8 27 1 9.84 AS

6 17 White Ash 2 13.36 6.9 10.9 28 9 7.47 AS

6 18 Ironwood 2 11.34 9 12.9 26 5 8 AL

6 19 Ironwood 2 7.6 13.44 10.2 27 7 7.73 AS

6 20 Black Maple 3 10.89 9.88 21.3 44 7 16.86 AS

6 21 Ironwood 4 14.26 8.21 10.8 28 8 7.82 AS

6 22 Ironwood 4 11.37 9.45 5.5 15 8 2.55 AL

6 23 Ironwood 4 11.18 10.29 11.8 25 6 7.22 AL

6 24 Ironwood 4 8.74 11.94 9.6 27 4 8.79 AL

6 25 Ironwood 4 16.37 7.89 9.5 25 5 7.58 AS

6 26 Ironwood 3 15.24 9.31 15.7 24 7 6.45 AS

6 27 Ironwood 4 13.35 11.5 7.7 DP

6 28 White Ash 4 13.11 14.13 15.6 25 8 6.52 AS

VI-31

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997253494

2013/08/29

7 1 Trembling

Aspen*

1 13.93 6.15 27.9 60 20 27.36 AS

7 2 Balsam Fir 1 10.74 9.26 24.3 47 3 20.4 AS

7 3 Ironwood 1 3.8 16.2 14.8 40 0 16.78 AS

7 4 Sugar Maple 2 14.33 5.7 10.3 35 0 14 AS

7 5 Trembling

Aspen*

2 13.22 7.65 32.5 52 0 25.6 AS

7 6 Trembling

Aspen*

2 6.62 13.4 23 45 10 16.47 AS

7 7 Sugar Maple 3 11.66 8.53 17.8 40 10 13.26 AS

7 8 Sugar Maple 3 4.16 15.94 7.5 45 10 16.47 AS

7 9 Sugar Maple 3 3.33 16.73 7.1 45 5 18.25 AS

7 10 Trembling

Aspen*

4 12.83 7.37 26 20 5 5.53 AS

7 11 Sugar Maple 4 6.36 14.17 6.8 20 0 7.28 AS

7 12 Ironwood 4 3.73 16.27 45 5 18.25 AS

7 13 Ironwood 1 9.28 11.86 10.3 30 5 9.8 AS

7 14 Sugar Maple 2 13.2 8.34 8.8 30 0 11.55 AS

7 15 Trembling

Aspen*

3 8.3 12.97 57.3 55 0 28.56 AS

7 16 Trembling

Aspen*

3 4.42 16.35 26 55 10 25.04 AS

7 17 Sugar Maple 4 11.35 10.65 8.5 15 5 3.61 AS

7 18 Sugar Maple 1 14.7 9.2 13.2 30 5 9.8 AS

7 19 Ironwood 2 12.88 10.82 10.9 30 0 11.55 AS

7 20 Trembling

Aspen*

2 11.4 14.15 16.7 40 0 16.78 AS

7 21 Sugar Maple 3 12.34 10.85 13.1 55 0 28.56 AS

7 22 Trembling

Aspen*

3 8.6 14.5 31.4 55 0 28.56 AS

7 23 Sugar Maple 3 7.46 15.62 5.4 15 5 3.61 AS

7 24 Sugar Maple 4 12.75 11.55 7.1 15 0 5.36 AS

7 25 Trembling

Aspen*

1 13.5 12.39 7.2 18 0 6.5 AS

7 26 Sugar Maple 1 13.3 13.65 10.6 30 0 11.55 AS

7 27 Trembling

Aspen*

3 12.66 13.94 24.5 65 0 42.89 AS

7 28 Trembling 4 13.2 12.47 44.4 60 0 34.64 AS

VI-32

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997253494

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Aspen*

7 29 Ironwood 3 14.9 7.95 8.1 DP

8 1 White Ash 1 14.8 5.39 5.2 20 5 5.53 DL

8 2 White Ash 1 13.15 7.07 10.9 15 5 3.61 DS

8 3 Sugar Maple 2 16 4.27 6.3 15 14 0.37 AL

8 4 Sugar Maple 2 0.3 19.96 6.6 18 11 2.61 AS

8 5 Ironwood 3 7 13.75 16.6 33 1 12.64 AS

8 6 Ironwood 3 5.77 14.4 4.1 6 2 1.4 DL

8 7 Sugar Maple 3 5.2 14.88 7.4 25 9 6.16 DS

8 8 Eastern

Hemlock

4 13.8 6.53 6.5 AS

8 9 Trembling

Aspen*

4 11.25 8.83 11.6 32 7 10.04 AL

8 10 Sugar Maple 4 7 13 4.4 14 0 4.99 AS

8 11 Unknown 1 14.7 6.53 22.5 6 2 1.4 AS

8 12 Trembling

Aspen*

1 13.18 9 25.8 50 7 21.38 AS

8 13 Ironwood 1 8.29 14 11.5 DP

8 14 Ironwood 1 7.22 14.08 16.7 22 6 5.98 AS

8 15 Sugar Maple 2 16.6 5.83 6 13 9 1.45 AL

8 16 Sugar Maple 2 12.8 8.5 15.8 35 1 13.66 AS

8 17 Ironwood 3 13.99 7.27 14.3 32 1 12.15 AS

8 18 Ironwood 3 11.85 9.32 11.7 28 6 8.53 AS

8 19 Trembling

Aspen*

3 4.6 16.1 23 13 1 4.27 DL

8 20 Trembling

Aspen*

3 5.09 16 37.9 33 1 12.64 AS

8 21 Sugar Maple 3 6.22 16.07 11.9 25 1 8.98 AL

8 22 Sugar Maple 1 14.8 9.47 12.7 30 2 10.85 AS

8 23 Ironwood 2 13.65 11.09 10.2 18 5 4.75 AS

8 24 Ironwood 2 14.1 11.77 11.3 30 4 10.15 AL

8 25 Trembling

Aspen*

2 10.44 12.23 31.5 41 4 15.99 AS

8 26 Ironwood 3 10.92 11.59 14.2 24 4 7.51 AS

8 27 Sugar Maple 3 14.57 11.28 11 32 1 12.15 AS

9 1 Ironwood 4 0.35 19.68 11.4 23 -8 11.3 DS

9 2 Unidentifiable 1 18.4 2.11 11 DP


VI-33

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2013/08/29

9 4 Unidentifiable 1 9.35 10.89 7.2 DP

9 5 Sugar Maple 2 14.7 5.7 21 48 -14 27.2 AS

9 6 Trembling

Aspen*

2 13.91 6.82 6.6 23 -6 10.59 AS

9 7 Ironwood 2 8.1 12.03 9.6 47 -8 24.26 AS

9 8 Ironwood 3 15.51 4.54 11.6 31 -9 15.18 AS

9 9 White Ash 3 14.92 8.14 24 47 -8 24.26 AS



9 12 Ironwood 3 10.3 9.71 6.1 15 -6 7.46 DS

9 13 Sugar Maple 3 8.52 11.7 19.5 42 -8 20.82 AS

9 14 Ironwood 3 7.91 12.2 6.3 16 -10 9.26 DS


9 16 Ironwood 4 12.27 8.1 16.1 30 0 11.55 AS

9 17 Ironwood 4 5.87 14.33 9.3 17 -1 6.46 AS



9 20 Ironwood 1 13.73 6.81 9.9 24 -6 11.01 AS

9 21 Burr Oak 1 9.35 12.01 87.6 60 -8 37.45 AS

9 22 Sugar Maple 1 8.58 13.77 5.8 10 -6 5.63 AS

9 23 Ironwood 1 6.32 14.87 7 DP

9 24 Black Maple 3 16.75 4.68 5.5 15 -16 11.09 AS

9 25 Ironwood 2 10.62 10.32 24.4 17 -6 8.22 DL

9 26 White Ash 3 4.8 17.45 23.6 16 -5 7.48 AS

9 27 Ironwood 4 9.7 14.32 5.3 29 -6 13.19 DS

9 28 Ironwood 1 13.45 8.91 9.6 29 -6 13.19 AS

9 29 Ironwood 1 8.13 14.93 11 25 -6 11.43 AS

9 30 Trembling

Aspen*

2 11.16 11.28 14.5 26 -6 11.86 AS

9 31 Sugar Maple 2 9.16 14.22 14.22 31 -12 16.27 AS

9 32 Eastern

Hemlock

4 10.35 13.14 13.14 25 -10 12.85 AS


9 34 Ironwood 3 6.34 16.14 16.14 22 -8 10.89 AS

9 35 Trembling

Aspen*

4 9.91 13.23 13.23 40 -5 18.53 AS

9 36 Ironwood 4 11.25 13.56 13.56 40 -19 23.67 AS

9 37 Ironwood 1 11.5 14.14 14.14 15 -11 9.25 AS

VI-34

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

9 38 Ironwood 2 12.48 12.65 12.65 26 -4 11.15 AS

9 39 Trembling

Aspen*

2 10.79 12.86 12.86 30 -5 13.3 AS

9 40 Ironwood 2 13 13.72 13.72 28 -8 13.45 AS

9 41 Sugar Maple 4 13.36 13.62 13.62 10 -8 6.34 AS

9 42 Ironwood 3 9.44 15.12 15.12 35 -7 16.46 AS

10 1 Ironwood 1 11.33 8.9 6.7 24 3 7.86 AL

10 2 Trembling

Aspen*

1 6.7 13.7 12.3 38 7 13.17 AS

10 3 Ironwood 1 4.25 16.2 13.2 35 8 11.19 DL

10 4 Sugar Maple 2 14.3 9.44 11.4 38 4 14.23 AS

10 5 Sugar Maple 2 13.1 7.73 5 20 4 5.88 AL

10 6 Sugar Maple 2 12 8.1 6.3 20 5 5.53 AS

10 7 Sugar Maple 2 5 16.5 33 50 3 22.79 AS

10 8 Trembling

Aspen*

3 15.1 5.5 30.3 45 5 18.25 AS

10 9 Trembling

Aspen*

3 12.4 7.62 38.8 55 3 27.51 AS

10 10 Unknown 3 11.9 8.5 41.2 48 4 20.81 AS

10 11 Trembling

Aspen*

3 7.7 12.31 31.6 29 1 10.74 AS

10 12 Ironwood 4 10.87 9.6 7.4 34 4 12.09 AS

10 13 Black Maple 4 5.25 15.1 5.5 DS

10 14 Trembling

Aspen*

1 17.7 3.38 75.4 34 8 10.68 DS

10 15 Ironwood 1 14.55 6.73 7.1 22 11 4.19 AS

10 16 White Ash 1 9.33 12.33 6.6 17 2 5.42 AS

10 17 White Ash 2 14.3 6.65 5.7 16 7 3.28 AS

10 18 Trembling

Aspen*

2 12.9 7.64 43.5 54 3 26.48 AS

10 19 Trembling

Aspen*

2 6.57 14.18 29.7 40 1 16.43 AS

10 20 Trembling

Aspen*

3 4.8 15.69 43.8 48 3 21.16 AS

10 21 Trembling

Aspen*

4 9.05 11.71 26 41 1 17.04 AS

10 22 Black Maple 2 12.35 11.65 50.5 48 4 20.81 AS

10 23 Black Maple 2 10.25 12.08 19.2 32 7 10.04 AS

VI-35

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

10 24 Ironwood 3 10.95 10.83 10.8 10 0 3.53 AL

10 25 Ironwood 3 8.5 12.8 10.8 20 9 4.11 AS

10 26 Manitoba

Maple

4 12.1 9.77 11.9 19 7 4.43 AL

10 27 Ironwood 4 8.45 13.72 9.5 21 13 3.06 AS

10 28 Trembling

Aspen*

3 11.1 11.69 35.7 51 0 24.7 AS

10 29 Ironwood 3 11.17 12.97 8.5 27 3 9.14 AL

10 30 White Ash 4 11.15 12.33 7.2 15 6 3.26 AL

11 1 Ironwood 1 16.94 3.71 9.1 24 -4 10.3 AS

11 2 Ironwood 1 17.8 4.3 6.7 7 -5 4.21 AS

11 3 Ironwood 1 14.86 5.8 9.6 12 -3 5.3 AS

11 4 Ironwood 1 10.31 10.4 11 28 -8 13.45 AS

11 5 Ironwood 1 9.94 10.6 6 11 -1 4.24 AS

11 6 Ironwood 1 1.43 19.1 5.3 17 5 4.36 AS

11 7 Ironwood 2 19.54 0.5 8.2 22 3 7.03 AS

11 8 Ironwood 2 17.27 2.8 9.3 26 3 8.71 AS

11 9 Ironwood 2 17.49 3.1 12.2 34 9 10.32 AS

11 10 Ironwood 2 13.91 6.5 9.9 27 1 9.84 AS

11 11 Ironwood 2 14.05 6.6 10.3 37 1 14.72 AS

11 12 Ironwood 2 4.87 15.85 8.5 21 3 6.63 AS

11 13 Ironwood 3 14.87 7.67 6.5 18 0 6.5 AS

11 14 Black Maple 3 10.2 12 8 15 2 4.66 AS

11 15 Ironwood 3 8.4 12.4 22.3 42 5 16.26 AS

11 16 Trembling

Aspen*

4 16.33 3.97 23.2 50 5 22.09 AS

11 17 Ironwood 4 11.92 8.39 5.3 35 10 10.48 AS

11 18 Ironwood 4 6.23 13.94 9 30 0 11.55 AS

11 19 Ironwood 4 5.83 14.2 11.2 30 0 11.55 AS

11 20 Ironwood 1 16.23 6 8.7 DP

11 21 Ironwood 1 14.5 7.6 6.4 20 3 6.23 AS

11 22 Ironwood 2 14.16 7.4 6.3 DP

11 23 Ironwood 2 9.9 10.7 7.3 25 5 7.58 AS

11 24 Trembling

Aspen*

3 14.7 6.2 40.1 55 4 27.16 AS

11 25 Black Maple 4 9.65 10.35 5.4 42 0 18.01 AS

11 26 Trembling

Aspen*

4 17.91 5.23 37.1 48 5 20.46 AS

VI-36

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

11 27 Black Maple 1 10.59 12.8 5.8 35 5 12.25 AS

11 28 Ironwood 2 9.3 12.11 7.4 33 4 11.59 AS

11 29 Ironwood 2 11.6 9.8 10.2 25 2 8.63 AS

11 30 White Ash 2 9.31 12.45 5.9 30 3 10.5 AS

11 31 Sugar Maple 3 7.6 13.32 20.5 50 3 22.79 AS

11 32 Balsam Fir 4 12.6 9.6 16.8 48 4 20.81 AS

11 33 White Ash 4 12.8 9.88 16.7 15 4 3.96 AS

11 34 Black Maple 1 19.78 11.4 5.5 25 6 7.22 AS

11 35 Black Maple 3 12.1 11.95 7.8 33 6 10.89 AS

11 36 Unknown 3 10.2 11.12 13.4 DP

11 37 White Ash 1 12.92 14.51 37.6 56 6 27.55 AS

12 1 White Ash 4 1.87 18.59 42.8 55 4 27.16 AS

12 2 Ironwood 1 14.4 7.92 6 22 0 8.08 AL

12 3 Ironwood 1 4.96 17.74 8.2 30 3 10.5 AS

12 4 Ironwood 2 19.57 0.62 15.1 41 5 15.64 DS

12 5 Ironwood 2 16.61 3.8 17.9 37 -8 17.88 AS

12 6 White Ash 2 13.9 7.27 5.6 15 -10 8.89 AS

12 7 Ironwood 2 10.14 10.27 8.5 17 3 5.07 AS

12 8 Ironwood 2 8.53 11.72 10.7 20 -8 10.09 AS

12 9 Ironwood 3 4.6 15.97 6.7 7 -5 4.21 AL

12 10 Ironwood 3 10.14 9.92 34.4 50 -7 26.29 AS

12 11 Ironwood 3 17.7 3.27 36.9 47 -11 25.33 AS

12 12 Ironwood 3 16.12 3.9 24.45 39 -8 19.01 AL

12 13 Ironwood 1 11.13 8.87 6.3 20 -1 7.63 AL

12 14 White Ash 2 12.04 8.59 36 50 -6 25.94 AS

12 15 White Ash 3 15.78 4.58 45.6 53 0 26.54 AL

12 16 Trembling

Aspen*

2 8.1 12.9 50.8 62 6 35.51 AS

12 17 Ironwood 2 12 8.91 6.8 23 5 6.74 AS

12 18 White Ash 3 6.48 13.55 7.5 55 5 26.81 AS

12 19 Ironwood 1 10.68 10.48 5.9 25 3 8.28 AL

12 20 Ironwood 2 11.67 11.73 8.8 27 0 10.19 AS

12 21 Ironwood 3 12.34 11.51 7.4 10 -8 6.34 AS

12 22 Ironwood 3 11.92 12.45 10.3 17 -10 9.64 AS

12 23 White Ash 4 10.71 12.6 74 43 -5 20.4 AS

12 24 Ironwood 2 10.62 13.08 7.1 24 -5 10.65 AS

12 25 Ironwood 2 14.87 9.41 5.6 15 -8 8.17 AS

13 1 Trembling 1 15.5 7.8 85.5 59 3 32.24 AS

VI-37

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

Aspen*

13 2 Ironwood 1 8.55 11.45 7.96 26 6 7.65 AL

13 3 Trembling

Aspen*

2 7.3 12.73 15.02 41 -1 17.73 AS

13 4 Ironwood 2 9 11.5 8.8 25 3 8.28 AS

13 5 Burr Oak 2 10.7 9.33 48.3 52 -4 27 AL

13 6 Burr Oak 2 5.5 14.59 48.75 54 -3 28.58 AS

13 7 Sugar Maple 3 12 8.5 9.9 25 -5 11.08 AS

13 8 Sugar Maple 3 11.9 10.42 6.45 15 -8 8.17 AS

13 9 Ironwood 3 6.8 13.46 15.38 27 -7 12.65 AS

13 10 Sugar Maple 4 3.9 16.72 5.5 9 -9 6.34 AL

13 11 Ironwood 1 11.8 8.21 10 24 -6 11.01 AS

13 12 Ironwood 2 13.5 7.29 8.6 7 -6 4.56 AL

13 13 Burr Oak 2 13.27 7.65 35.2 47 -7 23.9 AS

13 14 Ironwood 2 8.2 14.26 6.3 19 -7 9.34 AL

13 15 Burr Oak 2 5.3 15.2 45.76 52 -10 29.13 AS

13 16 Manitoba

Maple

3 16.8 5.91 6.2 15 -10 8.89 AL

13 17 Burr Oak 3 11.9 9.85 57.5 55 0 28.56 AS

13 18 Ironwood 4 6 15.47 12.65 30 -8 14.36 AL

13 19 Black Maple 1 10.01 10.89 5.5 14 -14 9.97 AL

13 20 Trembling

Aspen*

1 9 12.46 29 49 -8 25.82 AS

13 21 Burr Oak 4 11.4 13.1 30.65 42 -5 19.76 AS

13 22 Ironwood 4 9.4 14.32 5.62 12 -15 9.61 AL

13 23 American

Beech

1 13.9 8.8 6.1 0 -10 3.53 AL

13 24 Burr Oak 1 11.2 11.68 37.9 55 -19 35.45 AL

13 25 Sugar Maple 2 13.15 8.8 6.1 18 -6 8.6 AL

13 26 Sugar Maple 2 14.04 9.2 5.5 30 -10 15.07 AL

13 27 Ironwood 1 10.54 13.1 13.4 30 5 9.8 AS

13 28 Ironwood 1 13.77 13.47 6.5 15 5 3.61 AL

13 29 Sugar Maple 1 8.3 12.29 5.7 12 -6 6.35 AS

14 1 Ironwood 1 16 3.98 13.8 34 3 12.44 AS

14 2 Burr Oak 1 9.9 10.12 6.8 20 -5 9.03 AS

14 3 Unknown 1 6.6 13.47 15.2 36 -8 17.34 AS

14 4 Trembling

Aspen*

1 5.75 14.3 89.4 12 -1 4.6 AS

VI-38

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

14 5 Black Maple 1 1.75 18.35 15.6 42 -4 19.41 AS

14 6 Ironwood 1 17.53 3.22 6.5 10 -4 4.93 AS

14 7 Sugar Maple 1 4.7 15.59 14.5 36 -5 16.28 AS

14 8 Sugar Maple 1 14.41 5.9 16.15 37 -6 17.17 AS

14 9 Trembling

Aspen*

1 8.23 12.8 42 64 -1 41.36 AS

14 10 Trembling

Aspen*

1 8.12 12.21 38.1 56 -2 30.35 AS

14 11 Ironwood 1 10.24 8.74 49 64 0 41.01 AS

14 12 Black Cherry 1 9.48 9.6 11.15 34 -2 14.19 AS

14 13 Balsam Fir 1 6.67 11.42 5.65 12 2 3.55 AS

14 14 White

Cedar?

1 2.44 16.36 15.75 15 -2 6.06 AS

14 15 Ironwood 4 7.42 13.23 16.8 34 -1 13.84 AS

14 16 Ironwood 4 7.2 13.65 15.3 31 -2 12.72 AS

14 17 Trembling

Aspen*

4 4.4 16 43.68 54 -4 28.93 AS

14 18 Ironwood 4 2.75 17.65 10.6 35 -4 15.4 AS

14 19 Ironwood 1 10.4 11.25 9 29 0 11.09 AS

14 20 Ironwood 2 11.6 8.82 17.6 36 -2 15.23 AS

14 21 Ironwood 2 11.6 8.92 5.85 18 -1 6.85 AS

14 22 Unknown 2 12.24 9.7 23.11 5 0 1.75 AS

14 23 White

Cedar?

3 8.54 12.2 10.31 22 -1 8.43 AS

14 24 White

Cedar?

3 15.7 3.59 10.1 24 0 8.9 AS

14 25 Ironwood 2 17.2 6.9 11.35 34 -1 13.84 AS

14 26 Ironwood 2 15.19 8.5 11.35 29 -6 13.19 AS

14 27 Ironwood 2 7.59 16.95 6.5 11 -7 6.34 AS

14 28 Black Maple 3 16.7 7.81 23.17 29 -6 13.19 AS

14 29 Ironwood 3 12.39 9.3 8.49 20 -9 10.45 AS

14 30 Burr Oak 3 12.2 10.1 46.12 60 -8 37.45 AS

14 31 Black Maple 3 11.3 11.07 4.73 5 -7 4.21 AS

14 32 Sugar Maple 3 10.77 11.3 11.38 25 -7 11.78 AS

14 33 Ironwood 1 12.34 10.99 6.24 14 -6 7.09 AS

14 34 Ironwood 1 12 13.87 14 27 -3 11.24 AS

14 35 Ironwood 3 14.6 10.83 5.4 8 -6 4.91 AS

14 36 Black Maple 4 12.6 12.7 6.6 18 -5 8.25 AS

VI-39

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

14 37 White

Cedar?

4 12.6 12.7 11.65 18 -5 8.25 AS

14 38 White

Cedar?

4 12.6 12.7 7.75 7 -5 4.21 AS

14 39 Ironwood 1 12.6 14 12.4 15 -8 8.17 AS

14 40 Burr Oak 1 14.5 15.2 43.05 54 -7 29.98 AS

14 41 Ironwood 1 14.2 15.3 4.78 DP

14 42 Ironwood 3 12.9 13.2 6.57 19 -5 8.64 AS

15 1 Ironwood 1 13.35 6.7 7.1 15 5 3.61 AS

15 2 White Ash 1 12.4 7.66 4.5 20 5 5.53 AS

15 3 Black Maple 1 9.29 11.52 9.7 30 0 11.55 AL

15 4 White

Cedar?

1 811 11.89 4.5 10 3 2.48 DL

15 5 White

Cedar?

1 7.96 12.04 8.1 15 5 3.61 AL

15 6 Sugar Maple 2 17.56 3.47 12.3 35 0 14 AS

15 7 Eastern

hemlock

2 12.72 7.72 26.6 45 2 19.3 AS

15 8 Eastern

hemlock

2 8.41 12.04 31.3 47 0 21.45 AS

15 9 White

Cedar?

2 6.34 14.34 17.1 39 0 16.2 AS

15 10 Ironwood 3 9.43 13.09 6.5 10 2 2.83 AL

15 11 Ironwood 3 5.7 15.83 7.9 9 5 1.42 DL

15 12 Trembling

Aspen*

3 4.48 15.66 27.8 45 2 19.3 AS

15 13 Sugar Maple 3 2.09 19.46 6.5 15 5 3.61 AS

15 14 Sugar Maple 3 3.13 19.28 4.5 15 5 3.61 AS

15 15 White

Cedar?

4 13.96 6.1 7 10 0 3.53 AL

15 16 Ironwood 1 7.5 12.5 5 13 5 2.87 DS

15 17 Ironwood 1 6.68 13.51 13.5 31 2 11.32 AS

15 18 Unknown 1 10.12 10.42 0 DP

15 19 Trembling

Aspen*

2 11.46 9.25 9.8 24 5 7.15 DL

15 20 Burr Oak 1 15.8 6.2 4.1 7 5 0.71 AL

15 21 Manitoba

Maple

3 13.6 9.59 18.7 AL

VI-40

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

15 22 Ironwood 3 8.17 14.03 5.5 24 0 8.9 AL

15 23 Ironwood 4 5.8 15.45 6.6 20 0 7.28 AS

15 24 White Ash 4 13.01 8.78 6.3 15 2 4.66 AS

15 25 Ironwood 4 11.62 9.8 7.2 18 3 5.45 AS

15 26 Eastern

hemlock

1 8.56 12.24 13 32 4 11.1 AS

15 27 Basswood 1 9.03 12.9 13.2 34 2 12.79 AS

15 28 White

Cedar?

2 7.65 16.38 7.6 15 3 4.31 AS

15 29 Eastern

hemlock

2 11.86 11.33 31.7 24 0 8.9 AS

15 30 Basswood 3 10.8 12.82 9.6 27 2 9.49 AL

15 31 Sugar Maple 1 7.8 1.1 8.5 15 5 3.61 AL

15 32 Manitoba

Maple

1 11.8 12 9.7 21 2 6.98 AL

15 33 Manitoba

Maple

1 11.63 13.72 26.1 50 5 22.09 AL

15 34 Manitoba

Maple

1 9.44 14.27 7.2 25 2 8.63 AL

15 35 Balsam Fir 1 12.92 12.85 13.5 29 2 10.39 DS

15 36 Basswood 1 12.9 13.9 12.9 23 0 8.49 AL

16 1 Ironwood 1 18.4 2.64 10.05 22 8.08 AS

16 2 Trembling

Aspen*

1 7.4 12.65 25.7 40 4 15.38 AS

16 3 Ironwood 1 7.6 12.65 9.9 31 -4 13.42 AS

16 4 Ironwood 2 15.4 4.65 7.7 30 11.55 AS

16 5 Ironwood 2 8.8 11.4 5.2 23 -4 9.89 AS

16 6 White Ash 2 6.1 14 8.4 9 -3 4.22 AS

16 7 Black Maple 2 5.2 15.65 5.7 23 3 7.44 AS

16 8 Eastern

Hemlock

4 16.2 4 5.15 43 -14 23.64 DS

16 9 American

Beech

4 12 8.1 20.25 25 -13 13.94 AS

16 10 Ironwood 1 15.8 5.4 26.25 25 -5 11.08 AS

16 11 Trembling

Aspen*

1 6 15.6 37.55 45 -5 21.75 AS

16 12 Ironwood 2 3.12 16.9 10.4 37 5 13.32 AS

16 13 Black Maple 2 9.1 12.7 12.6 17 -3 7.16 AS

VI-41

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

16 14 Ironwood 2 14.2 16.5 8.85 21 -11 11.56 AS

16 15 Ironwood 3 16.6 17.1 18.5 24 -6 11.01 AS

16 16 American

Beech

2 12.5 9 8.95 32 -11 16.38 AL

16 17 American

Beech

2 12.2 9.1 44.9 48 3 21.16 AS

16 18 American

Beech

2 13.1 9.5 7.7 22 6 5.98 AS

16 19 Eastern

Hemlock

3 16.1 9.75 7 24 3 7.86 AL

16 20 American

Beech

4 8.3 14.2 24.65 35 5 12.25 AS

16 21 Eastern

Hemlock

2 12.7 14.4 6.1 15 2 4.66 AL

16 22 Black Maple 3 12.5 18.05 43.5 30 2 10.85 AS

16 23 American

Beech

4 10.65 12.3 20.3 37 2 14.37 AS

16 24 Ironwood 2 15.9 10.1 9.12 DP

16 25 Ironwood 2 15.9 10.1 7.1 DP

17 1 Ironwood 1 19.5 1 10.5 33 -1 13.34 AS

17 2 Blue Beech 1 19.4 3.9 6.7 31 -2 12.72 AS

17 3 Ironwood 1 19.4 2.9 16.5 53 -5 28.29 AS

17 4 Ironwood 1 9.4 13.55 6 24 -8 11.72 AS

17 5 Trembling

Aspen*

2 9.2 11.2 41.7 61 -4 37.48 AL

17 6 Trembling

Aspen*

3 19.25 1 42.5 54 1 27.18 AS

17 7 American

Beech

3 16.8 6.6 11.1 66 -9 48.09 AS

17 8 American

Beech

3 14.5 8 11.1 29 2 10.39 AS

17 9 Ironwood 3 7.1 15.4 23.3 59 4 31.89 AS

17 10 Ironwood 3 4 17.8 36.2 61 12 31.83 AS

17 11 American

Beech

4 11.2 8.8 22.8 75 1 74.29 AS

17 12 Ironwood 3 8 12.5 6 35 -2 14.7 AS

17 13 Ironwood 3 6.7 13.5 67.2 11 0 3.89 DS

17 14 Ironwood 3 3.6 16.7 7.9 50 -5 25.58 AS

VI-42

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

17 15 Eastern

Hemlock

3 5.2 16.45 7 49 3 21.96 AS

17 16 Ironwood 1 16 9.15 10 29 -9 14.25 AS

17 17 American

Beech

1 8.4 14.45 35.7 48 15 16.85 AS

17 18 Ironwood 2 10.5 10.7 10 67 19 40.23 AS

17 19 Trembling

Aspen*

2 10.8 10.2 24.3 57 12 26.55 AS

17 20 American

Beech

3 15.6 7.98 20.2 64 9 37.84 AS

17 21 American

Beech

3 14 8.3 13 40 -1 17.13 AS

17 22 American

Beech

3 11.8 11.8 24.2 58 19 25.12 AS

17 23 Ironwood 3 5.7 17.5 0 DP

17 24 Trembling

Aspen*

4 13 8.1 49.7 9 -3.17 AS

17 25 Ironwood 1 15.3 10 21 568 11 6.75 AS

17 26 Ironwood 1 11.78 13.4 0 0 0 DP

17 27 Burr Oak 2 13.6 12.8 30.5 61 3 35.03 AS

17 28 Ironwood 3 7.4 15.5 18 40 -6 18.88 AS

17 29 Trembling

Aspen*

4 11.8 13 40 9 -3.17 AS

18 1 American

Beech

1 7.68 14.65 5.8 5 -15 7.11 AS

18 2 Ironwood 1 13.87 10.7 15 DP

18 3 American

Beech

1 15.53 7.24 5.6 20 -5 9.03 AS

18 4 American

Beech

1 18.14 4.58 26 45 -3 21.05 AS

18 5 Ironwood 2 11.9 9 26.7 46 0 20.71 AS

18 6 Ironwood 2 17.85 2.51 9.5 30 -2 12.25 AS

18 7 Black Maple 3 14.2 6.51 6.6 10 -12 7.78 AS

18 8 Ironwood 3 16.74 4.51 0 DP

18 9 Ironwood 3 17.63 3.11 21 37 -15 20.43 AS

18 10 American

Beech

4 6.53 14.7 17 35 -10 17.53 AS

18 11 American 4 10 10.98 6.5 42 -14.5 23.18 AS

VI-43

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

Beech

18 12 American

Beech

4 14.4 6.51 21 38 -13 20.24 AS

18 13 American

Beech

4 16.7 3.84 14 27 -10 13.72 AS

18 14 American

Beech

1 6.45 17.15 6 9 -6 5.27 AS

18 15 Ironwood 1 7 16.42 13 35 -10 17.53 AS

18 16 Black Maple 1 10.18 13.44 5.3 12 -10 7.78 AS

18 17 American

Beech

3 8.61 12.8 8 19 -7 9.34 AS

18 18 Ironwood 3 18.24 4.1 12 24 -11 12.79 AS

18 19 American

Beech

4 7.73 12.97 8 9 -14 8.15 AS

18 20 American

Beech

4 8.61 12.19 22 37 -12 19.32 AS

18 21 Ironwood 4 10.3 11.51 17 24 -11 12.79 DL

18 22 American

Beech

1 18.97 5.64 7.5 10 -13 8.14 A

18 23 American

Beech

1 13.7 9.08 15.5 29 -11 14.97 SAS

18 24 Trembling

Aspen*

1 12.2 13.3 49.1 41 -16 23.12 AS

18 25 American

Beech

1 11.9 13.91 7 19 -12 11.14 AS

18 26 Sugar Maple 2 13.4 10.21 5.5 11 -5 5.64 AS

18 27 American

Beech

2 16.76 7.9 56 30 -6 13.65 AS

18 28 Ironwood 3 13.85 8.89 13.5 18 -13 11.12 AS

18 29 Black Maple 4 10.64 12.2 24.8 37 0 15.07 AS

18 30 Trembling

Aspen*

4 17.59 12.4 36.3 44 -13 23.93 AS

18 31 American

Beech

1 17.7 10.9 5 3 -11 4.94 AS

18 32 American

Beech

1 15.51 13 5 1 -24 9.25 AS

18 33 American

Beech

4 13.6 14.93 8 16 -25 15.06 AS

VI-44

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

18 34 Trembling

Aspen*

4 14.1 16.12 28.5 41 -15 22.74 AS

18 35 American

Beech

3 19.1 12 6 7 -15 7.81 AS

19 1 Ironwood 1 18.2 2.5 15.4 30 -10 15.07 AL

19 2 Ironwood 1 16.94 3.9 6 40 -11 20.67 AS

19 3 American

Beech

1 5.79 15.08 9.8 47 -5 23.2 AS

19 4 American

Beech

1 5.7 15.3 66.1 55 -7 31.02 AL

19 5 American

Beech

3 18.8 6 12.15 35 -5 15.75 AL

19 6 Trembling

Aspen*

3 14.45 7.4 43.5 42 -3 19.06 AS

19 7 Ironwood 3 10.1 12.2 12.1 27 -7 12.65 AS

19 8 Ironwood 3 11.54 10.5 15.5 22 -11 11.97 AL

19 9 Trembling

Aspen*

3 0.6 20.09 34.5 54 -11 31.42 AS

19 10 Ironwood 4 16.88 3.9 19 32 -4 13.9 AS

19 11 American

Beech

4 15.1 4.9 11 32 -27 22.69 AS

19 12 American

Beech

4 11.9 8.1 7 19 -4 8.29 AS

19 13 Trembling

Aspen*

4 11.17 8.9 32 61 -2 36.78 DP

19 14 Trembling

Aspen*

4 10.38 9.62 29.5 44 -20 26.59 AS

19 15 Ironwood 4 10.38 10.5 19.5 AS

19 16 Burr Oak 4 7.57 12.43 5.3 10 -15 8.89 AS

19 17 Ironwood 3 16.3 4.8 18.7 37 -17 21.19 AS

19 18 Ironwood 1 16.3 4.8 12.5 DP

19 19 American

Beech

1 5.14 17.1 23.2 36 -1 14.88 AL

19 20 American

Beech

3 7.4 15.3 23.8 43 -10 22.18 AS

19 21 American

Beech

1 13.4 10.1 12.5 5 -5 3.5 AS

19 22 American 1 10.73 12 32 35 -7 16.46 AL

VI-45

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997253494

2013/08/29

Beech

19 23 Burr Oak 1 10.4 12.5 13 30 -3 12.6 AS

19 24 American

Beech

1 9.35 14.04 32 42 -4 19.41 AS

19 25 American

Beech

2 16.3 8.5 8 19 -1 7.24 AL

19 26 Trembling

Aspen*

2 14.91 6.09 25.5 52 -1 25.95 AS

19 27 American

Beech

2 13.35 11 5.2 8 -4 4.21 AS

19 28 American

Beech

2 12.96 11.3 17.6 12 -4 5.65 AL

19 29 Sugar Maple 2 9.69 14.69 24.3 45 -5 21.75 AS

19 30 Sugar Maple 3 13.62 10.7 6 15 -8 8.17 AS

19 31 American

Beech

3 13.08 11.78 9.8 25 -10 12.85 AS

19 32 Ironwood 3 11.52 12.49 10.3 32 -8 15.31 AS

19 33 Ironwood 3 9.1 15.26 12.5 DP

19 34 Ironwood 4 14.84 9.59 14.9 DP

19 35 Ironwood 4 13.73 9.79 11.3 DP

19 36 Ironwood 4 12.31 11.88 12.2 5 -10 5.28 DS

19 37 Trembling

Aspen*

2 15.89 8.85 16.2 38 -3 16.67 AS

19 38 American

Beech

2 15.96 10.5 23.8 41 -4 18.78 DL

19 39 American

Beech

2 16.09 11 22.9 44 -5 21.06 DL

19 40 American

Beech

2 16 11.34 18.2 19 -5 8.64 DL

19 41 American

Beech

2 16.32 12.4 5 0 -5 1.75 DS

19 42 American

Beech

1 15.69 12.9 5.5 10 -5 5.28 AS

20 1 Americn

Beech

1 13.9 8.8 10 22 -15 13.44 DL

20 2 Americn

Beech

1 6.6 15.9 17.4 41 -6 19.49 AS

20 3 Ironwood 1 5.75 16.8 19.5 47 -4 22.85 AS

VI-46

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997253494

2013/08/29

20 4 Sugar Maple 2 18.75 1.8 30.2 40 -4 18.18 AS

20 5 Ironwood 2 13.96 6.1 13.5 29 -6 13.19 AS

20 6 Ironwood 1 12.6 8.4 6.3 21 -11 11.56 AS

20 7 Trembling

Aspen*

2 10.6 9.7 38.5 57 -12 35.05 AS

20 8 Trembling

Aspen*

2 10.7 10.5 33.7 54 -11 31.42 AS

20 9 Ironwood 2 9.5 10.6 13.9 22 -4 9.48 AS

20 10 White

Cedar?

2 10 10.2 45 42 -10 21.53 AL

20 11 Sugar Maple 2 10.1 10 4.6 39 -6 18.3 AL

20 12 Ironwood 3 18.4 2.1 12 29 -4 12.48 AS

20 13 Ironwood 3 17.1 3.6 8.1 28 -9 13.8 AS

20 14 Ironwood 3 15.9 5.1 10.5 33 -6 15.09 AS

20 15 Trembling

Aspen*

3 8.1 12.7 14 20 -14 12.27 AS

20 16 Trembling

Aspen*

3 7.3 14 36.2 38 -6 17.73 AS

20 17 Sugar Maple 4 13.8 6.4 6.5 23 -9 11.66 AS

20 18 Sugar Maple 4 8.5 12.5 5 19 -22 14.97 AS

20 19 White

Cedar?

4 7.1 13.4 7.5 2 -7 3.15 DS

20 20 Sugar Maple 4 5.3 16 59.9 45 -16 25.73 AS

20 21 Americn

Beech

4 3 17.4 4.6 52 -16 31.33 AL

20 22 Americn

Beech

1 7.8 15 7 41 -6 19.49 AL

20 23 Americn

Beech

1 13.5 9.3 10 37 -1 15.42 AS

20 24 Americn

Beech

1 10.9 9.7 12 46 -2 21.41 AS

20 25 Trembling

Aspen*

1 8 12 22.1 52 -4 27 AS

20 26 Ironwood 1 6.8 16 16.9 49 -8 25.82 AS

20 27 Ironwood 2 13.8 7.1 10.1 42 -7 20.46 AS

20 28 Ironwood 2 7.4 14.1 11.9 38 -2 16.32 AS

20 29 Ironwood 3 18.27 4.74 11.2 49 -8 25.82 AL

20 30 Sugar Maple 3 17.5 5.59 58 47 -8 24.26 AS

VI-47

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997253494

2013/08/29

20 31 Ironwood 3 16.78 4.59 9.8 28 -6 12.74 AS

20 32 Ironwood 3 14.85 7.99 7.2 9 -10 6.69 AS

20 33 Ironwood 3 13.14 8.4 8 11 -12 8.14 AS

20 34 Ironwood 3 12.4 10 8.9 28 -11 14.52 AS

20 35 Ironwood 3 9.65 11.8 7.6 19 -11 10.77 AS

20 36 Black Cherry 4 18.09 3.7 5.6 9 -1 3.52 AS

20 37 White

Cedar?

4 17.22 5.78 5.4 11 -7 6.34 AL

20 38 Unidentifiable 4 15.69 6.9 13.55 14 -16 10.72 DL

20 39 Burr oak 4 10.42 10.93 5 32 -11 16.38 AS


20 41 Ironwood 2 15.96 10.87 14.5 42 -2 18.71 AL

20 42 Ironwood 2 16.87 4.27 5.7 23 -4 9.89 DS

20 43 Sugar Maple 2 14.35 10.32 48.5 55 -6 30.67 AS

20 44 Burr oak 2 12.39 13.1 33.3 55 5 26.81 AS

20 45 Sugar Maple 3 12.9 10.17 22.2 41 0 17.39 AS

20 46 Ironwood 4 15.76 10.42 8.8 24 1 8.56 AL

20 47 Trembling

Aspen*

4 14.8 10.38 34.9 53 -2 27.24 AS

20 48 Ironwood 4 12.64 10.3 14.7 49 0 23.01 AS

20 49 Ironwood 4 12.25 10.4 6.7 13 0 4.62 AL

20 50 Ironwood 4 13.9 11.52 17.5 38 1 15.28 AS

21 1 Ironwood 1 8.83 12.05 5.2 30.5 4.5 10.21 AS

21 2 American

Beech

1 2.73 18.14 8.05 31 7.5 9.38 AS

21 3 Ironwood 1 10 10 15 35 9 10.84 DP

21 4 American

Beech

1 17 3 9.8 35 9 10.84 AS

21 5 Unknown 1 15 5 9.6 37.5 9 12.18 DP

21 6 Unknown 2 7.71 12.82 20.55 39 4 14.8 DP

21 7 Unknown 2 4.72 16.05 20 DP

21 8 Unknown 3 12.59 8.09 13 DP

21 9 Sugar Maple 3 8.53 12.09 0 DP

21 10 Bitternut

Hickory

4 16.4 3.69 4.55 21 -2.5 8.55 AS

21 11 Eastern

Hemlock

4 16.31 3.72 15.2 25 6.5 7.05 AS

21 12 Bitternut 4 10.44 9.98 31.75 44.5 1.5 19.13 AS

VI-48

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997253494

2013/08/29

Hickory

21 13 Blue Beech 4 6.31 13.83 6.35 42.5 1.5 17.8 AS

21 14 Trembling

Aspen*

4 3.14 17 44.2 47 1 21.1 AS

21 15 Ironwood 4 2.31 17.78 5.7 24 0 8.9 AS

21 16 American

Beech

2 13.23 8.29 7.15 20 5 5.53 AS

21 17 American

Beech

2 12.57 9 40.35 44 5 17.56 AS

21 18 American

Beech

2 10.7 10.19 13.6 26.5 6 7.87 AS

21 19 Ironwood 2 17.13 4.54 17.45 41.5 8 14.88 AS

21 20 Ironwood 3 15.88 6.42 22.9 DP

21 21 Bitternut

Hickory

3 14.05 8.7 26 46.5 7 18.62 AS

21 22 Black Maple 3 13.39 9.12 5.5 28 4 9.24 AS

21 23 Ironwood 3 11.38 11.87 17.15 42 0 18.01 DS

21 24 Ironwood 3 7.4 14.02 6.35 31 0 12.02 AS

21 25 Ironwood 3 7 15.61 13 38 1 15.28 AS

21 26 Ironwood 3 4.48 17.21 6.8 34.5 2 13.05 AS

21 27 Blue Beech 4 15.7 5.07 52.25 56 2 28.95 AS

21 28 Bitternut

Hickory

4 14.69 6.61 4.9 17.5 1 5.96 AS

21 29 Bitternut

Hickory

1 9.08 12.68 34.85 43 1 18.3 AS

21 30 Bitternut

Hickory

1 17.38 4.48 19.2 31 1 11.67 AS

21 31 Bitternut

Hickory

1 13.1 8.8 16.25 31.5 1 11.91 AS

21 32 Ironwood 1 11.07 9.98 6.8 32 3 11.45 AS

21 33 American

Beech

2 15.16 7.2 12.2 31.5 5.5 10.33 AS

21 34 American

Beech

2 12.49 9.46 4.65 14 5 3.24 AS

21 35 American

Beech

1 12.68 9.94 7.8 1 -7 2.8 AS

21 36 American

Beech

1 12.47 10.5 5.7 8 -13 7.43 AS

VI-49

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2013/08/29

21 37 Bitternut

Hickory

1 14.98 10.48 22.8 54 4 26.13 AS

21 38 Bitternut

Hickory

1 9.22 13.25 42 60 0 34.64 AS

21 39 American

Beech

1 8.86 14.43 5.75 20 1 6.93 AS

21 40 Ironwood 1 12.05 13.01 29.31 56 1 29.3 AS

21 41 Ironwood 1 9.41 13.32 8.46 32 1 12.15 AS

21 42 Black Maple 1 15.57 12.98 6 27 1 9.84 AS

22 1 Ironwood 1 19.2 1.57 17.1 44 4 17.92 AS

22 2 Trembling

Aspen*

1 16.2 5.2 35.8 49 3 21.96 AS

22 3 Ironwood 1 13.29 7.33 9.7 30 4 10.15 AS

22 4 Bitternut

Hickory

1 10.89 9.8 30.4 58 1 31.66 AS

22 5 Unknown 1 8.6 11.87 0 DP

22 6 Bitternut

Hickory

1 5.32 16.58 48 56 -1 30 AS

22 7 American

Beech

2 18.5 1.65 11.2 39 1 15.85 AS

22 8 Unknown 2 15.72 4.3 0 DP

22 9 Unknown 2 15.25 5 0 DP

22 10 American

Beech

2 3.56 17.1 30.9 45 1 19.65 AS

22 11 Trembling

Aspen*

4 15 5 32.7 55 1 28.21 AS

22 12 American

Beech

4 11.97 8.45 8 8 5 1.06 AL

22 13 Sugar Maple 4 7.68 12.32 38.1 44 4 17.92 AS

22 14 American

Beech

2 15.6 5.61 5.4 12 -2 4.95 AS

22 15 American

Beech

2 14.35 7.34 12.7 43 1 18.3 AS

22 16 Ironwood 2 8.75 13.34 6.1 26 9.75 AS

22 17 American

Beech

3 15.91 4.9 16.7 48 -1 22.56 AS

22 18 Burr Oak 3 13.42 7.9 34.6 50 2 23.14 AS

22 19 Ironwood 3 7.02 14.11 15.9 46 2 20.01 AS

VI-50

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2013/08/29

22 20 Ironwood 4 13.92 7.6 17.1 46 5 18.96 AS

22 21 Ironwood 4 13.46 7.74 16.1 48 2 21.51 AS

22 22 Ironwood 4 12.81 9.05 6.6 17 6 4.01 DS

22 23 American

Beech

1 12.68 8.32 6.7 20 1 6.93 AS

22 24 American

Beech

2 16.29 7.64 5.2 18 -2 7.2 AS

22 25 Trembling

Aspen*

2 15.48 8.65 27.7 56 1 29.3 AS

22 26 American

Beech

2 14.3 8.54 5 DP

22 27 American

Beech

2 13.67 9.93 5.3 26 1 9.41 AS

22 28 Trembling

Aspen*

2 8.92 13.45 42 28 1 10.29 AS

22 29 Ironwood 1 14.05 7.64 11.2 26 4 8.36 DS

22 30 Ironwood 1 14.8 9.05 16.2 39 5 14.45 DS

22 31 Ironwood 1 12.75 12.39 10.4 31 4 10.62 AS

22 32 American

Beech

1 10.65 14.41 7.9 29 4 9.69 AS

22 33 Trembling

Aspen*

4 13.65 11.91 47.2 53 4 25.14 AS

23 1 American

Beech

1 11.36 8.69 33.6 32 -10 16.02 AS

23 2 American

Beech

1 11.27 8.86 23.1 34 -11 17.38 AS

23 3 American

Beech

2 19..4

1

0.85 6.1 13 2 3.92 AS

23 4 American

Beech

2 6.97 13.5 24.1 54 1 27.18 AS

23 5 Ironwood 3 17.94 2.5 18.9 40 -1 17.13 AS

23 6 Ironwood 3 11.52 8.53 6 2 -6 2.8 AS

23 7 Ironwood 3 10 10.67 11.5 23 -8 11.3 AL

23 8 Black Maple 3 8.24 11.91 4.6 6 -4 3.5 AL

23 10 Basswood 3 3.38 17.16 19.7 23 -10 12.02 AS

23 11 White

Cedar?

4 18.04 2.51 9.6 DP

23 12 American 2 15.48 5.6 35.4 49 23.01 AS

VI-51

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

Beech

23 13 Ironwood 2 4.49 17.07 27.2 40 -4 18.18 AS

23 14 Ironwood 3 11.75 8.78 20 33 -8 15.8 AS

23 15 Trembling

Aspen*

3 6.61 14.84 8.9 23 -7 10.95 AS

23 16 Black Maple 4 16.38 5.37 15.9 33 -4 14.39 AS

23 17 Bitternut

Hickory

4 15.96 5.79 53.6 59 -4 34.68 AS

23 18 White

Cedar?

4 8.56 11.67 13.3 DP

23 19 American

Beech

4 7.23 14.64 28 27 -10 13.72 AS

23 20 Ironwood 2 8.67 13.27 12 DP

23 21 Black Maple 2 6.59 16.69 6.8 1 -16 6.08 AS

23 22 Black Maple 4 16.06 6.81 13.1 36 -8 17.34 AS

23 23 White

Cedar?

4 12.24 8.45 12.6 0 DP

23 24 American

Beech

1 10.95 11.73 12.8 20 -10 10.81 AS

23 25 Ironwood 1 7.81 14.58 5.4 -5 -13 2.87 AS

23 26 Black Maple 3 9.4 13.71 5.8 11 -11 7.78 AS

23 27 Bitternut

Hickory

3 10.15 14.7 15.5 29 -11 14.97 AS

23 28 Trembling

Aspen*

3 11.07 14.3 35.1 51 -9 27.87 AS

23 29 American

Beech

1 12.39 13.19 28.5 38 -9 18.79 AS

24 1 Bitternut

Hickory

1 6.34 13.8 43 45 -10 23.53 AS

24 2 Black Maple 2 11.28 11.8 8.6 15 -14 10.35 AS

24 3 Bitternut

Hickory

2 5.95 14.1 9.3 25 -15 14.69 AS

24 4 Trembling

Aspen*

3 16.79 3.22 27.9 25 -23 17.82 AS

24 5 Bitternut

Hickory

3 10.66 9.45 13.2 34 -13 18.11 AS

24 6 Bitternut

Hickory

3 9.61 10.4 5.6 5 -11 5.64 AL

VI-52

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

#" +/$.'-(=0-',&(>??A()%&%(5;''&(

Quadrat Tree # Species DBH (cm) Total Ht (m) Health

1 1 Ironwood Dead

1 2 Shagwood Hickory 47.5 31.75 Alive

1 3 Black Maple 7 20.71 Alive

1 5 Ironwood Dead

1 6 Ironwood Dead

1 4 Shagbark Hickory 48 32.01 Alive

1 8 Ironwood Dead

1 7 Ironwood 11.7 8.43 Alive



1 12 Iron Wood Dead

1 11 Sugar Maple 22.5 18.36 Alive



1 15 Sugar Maple 8 7.24 Alive

1 17 Iron Wood Dead


1 18 Black Maple 41.6 22.21 Dying

1 20 Ironwood Dead


1 22 Ironwood Dead

1 23 Ironwood Dead



1 25 Shagbark Hickory 61.5 31.85 Alive

2 1 Red Maple 6.4 5.71 Alive

2 2 Black Maple 43.6 24.62 Alive




2 6 American Beech 15.4 28.56 Alive


2 9 Ironwood Dead



VI-53

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997253494

2013/08/29

2 12 American Beech Dead




2 15 Red Maple 31.2 22.46 Dying



2 19 Ironwood Dead

2 20 Ironwood Missing

2 18 White Ash 13 27.35 Alive


2 23 American Beech Missing






2 29 Ironwood Dead

2 30 Shagbark Hickory Missing

2 27 Red Oak 45.3 32.55 Alive

2 32 Ironwood Dead


2 34 Ironwood Dead




3 1 Ironwood Dead

3 2 Ironwood Dead

3 3 Ironwood Dead






3 8 Red Maple 19 39.45 Alive



3 12 Red Maple Dead

VI-54

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3 15 Ironwood Dead




3 19 Ironwood Dead




3 23 Ironwood Dead


3 25 Red Maple Dead




3 28 American Beech 5 7.42 Alive




4 4 White Ash Dead

4 5 Eastern Hemlock Dead


4 6 Bitternut Hickory 7.6 6.39 Alive


4 8 Ironwood 28 13.64 Alive





4 13 Burr Oak 29.9 33.61 Alive


4 16 Ironwood Dead

4 17 Ironwood Dead

4 18 Ironwood Dead

4 15 Black Cherry 10.1 7.06 Alive



VI-55

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2013/08/29






4 26 White Ash 42.7 22.18 Alive



4 30 Ironwood Dead

4 31 Ironwood Dead

4 32 Ironwood Dead





















5 14 Black Cherry 7 2.80 Alive



5 18 Sugar Maple Dead




VI-56

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997253494

2013/08/29


5 23 Ironwood Dead


5 25 Shagbark Hickory Dead





5 29 Manitoba Maple 6.2 4.26 Alive


6 2 Ironwood Dead









6 11 Black Maple Missing

6 12 Sugar Maple Missing





6 17 White Ash Missing

6 16 Ironwood Alive

6 19 Ironwood Dead








6 27 Ironwood Dead



VI-57

Niao Chen

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2013/08/29


7 2 Balsam Fir 25.3 20.75 Alive










7 13 Ironwood Dead






7 19 Ironwood Dead










7 29 Ironwood Dead


8 2 White Ash Dead




8 6 Ironwood Dead





VI-58

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2013/08/29

8 11 Unknown Dead


8 13 Ironwood Dead





8 18 Ironwood Dead











9 1 Ironwood Dead

9 2 Unidentifiable Missing





9 7 Ironwood Dead




9 11 Unidentifiable Dead

9 12 Ironwood Dead

9 10 Unidentifiable 24 12.95 Alive

9 14 Ironwood Dead



9 17 Ironwood Dead




VI-59

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2013/08/29



9 23 Ironwood Dead


9 25 Ironwood Dead

9 26 White Ash Dead

9 27 Ironwood Dead







9 32 Eastern Hemlock 12 14.19 Alive



9 37 Ironwood Dead

9 38 Ironwood Dead


9 40 Ironwood Dead














10 10 Unknown 44 30.35 Alive

10 12 Ironwood Dead

10 13 Black Maple Dead



VI-60

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2013/08/29











10 26 Manitoba Maple Dead





10 29 Ironwood 8.8 9.253675005 Alive

11 2 Ironwood Dead




11 6 Ironwood Dead






11 12 Ironwood Dead





11 17 Ironwood Dead



11 20 Ironwood Dead


11 22 Ironwood Dead


VI-61

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11 25 Black Maple Missing







11 32 Balsam Fir Missing


11 33 White Ash 18.12 25.14 Alive


11 36 Unknown Missing


11 37 White Ash 41.91 30.80 Alive


12 1 White Ash 45 21.80 Alive













12 15 White Ash Dead






12 21 Ironwood Dead



VI-62

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2013/08/29
















13 13 Burr Oak 37.2 15.42 Alive


13 15 Burr Oak 34.6 25.02 Alive


13 17 Burr Oak 61.3 30.00 Alive




13 21 Burr Oak 30.7 20.67 Alive



13 24 Burr Oak 40 11.78 Alive






14 1 Ironwood 14.5 #N/A Alive

14 3 Unknown Dead



14 6 Ironwood Dead


VI-63

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2013/08/29





14 12 Black Cherry Dead

14 13 Balsam Fir Dead

14 14 Hawthorn Dead





14 19 Ironwood Dead



14 22 Unknown Dead

14 21 Ironwood 6.2 6.08 Diseased

14 24 Hawthorn Dead



14 27 Ironwood Dead




14 30 Burr Oak 48.3 27.00 Alive


14 33 Ironwood Dead




14 37 Hawthorn Dead

14 38 Hawthorn Dead

14 39 Ironwood Dead

14 40 Burr Oak Dead



14 42 Ironwood 46.532 #N/A Alive



VI-64

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997253494

2013/08/29

15 4 Downy Hawthorn Missing


15 5 Downy Hawthorn 9.2 6.78 Alive

15 7 Eastern hemlock Dead


15 9 Downy Hawthorn Dead

15 10 Ironwood Dead

15 11 Ironwood Dead





15 16 Ironwood Dead


15 18 Unknown Dead


15 20 Burr Oak Dead


15 22 Ironwood Dead

15 23 Ironwood Dead


15 25 Ironwood Dead


15 27 Basswood Dead



15 30 Basswood Dead




15 32 Manitoba Maple 15 1.40 Alive


15 36 Basswood Dead






VI-65

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16 14 Ironwood Dead

16 15 Ironwood Dead





16 19 Eastern Hemlock 7.6 6.06 Alive


16 21 Eastern Hemlock 6.3 6.03 Alive


16 24 Ironwood Dead

16 25 Ironwood Dead


17 1 Ironwood 11.3 13.47605638 Alive

17 2 Blue Beech 6.7 7.777670848 Alive

17 3 Ironwood 17.3 16.26834361 Alive

17 4 Ironwood 6.8 4.236707481 Alive




17 9 Ironwood Dead


17 10 Ironwood 38.2 23.52653961 Alive


17 13 Ironwood Dead

17 12 Ironwood 8.9 11.50391609 Alive

17 14 Ironwood 8.5 10.73197745 Alive



17 16 Ironwood 55 7.797376751 Alive

VI-66

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2013/08/29


17 18 Ironwood 10.4 10.94518754 Alive






17 26 Ironwood Dead

17 25 Ironwood 20.4 10.53621573 Alive


17 27 Burr Oak 32.6 17.02424877 Alive


18 2 Ironwood Dead



















18 21 Ironwood Dead







VI-67

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19 2 Ironwood Dead





19 7 Ironwood Dead








19 15 Ironwood Dead

19 16 Burr Oak Dead

19 17 Ironwood Dead







19 23 Burr Oak 15.1 12.95 Alive







VI-68

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2013/08/29


19 32 Ironwood Dead

19 33 Ironwood Dead

19 34 Ironwood Dead

19 35 Ironwood Dead

19 36 Ironwood Dead







20 1 Americn Beech Dead


20 2 Americn Beech 17.1 22.4814643 Alive

20 3 Ironwood 19.7 19.36336947 Alive


20 6 Ironwood Dead


20 5 Ironwood 13.4 11.42823787 Alive


20 10 Hawthorn Dead


20 9 Ironwood 14.7 11.36026492 Alive

20 13 Ironwood Dead

20 12 Ironwood 12.9 14.88870658 Alive


20 14 Ironwood 10.6 13.00132568 Alive



20 19 Hawthorn Missing


20 21 Americn Beech Missing






VI-69

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2013/08/29

20 26 Ironwood 16.7 21.04815559 Alive

20 27 Ironwood 11 10.09022138 Alive

20 28 Ironwood 12.9 7.814675067 Alive

20 29 Ironwood 12 11.7153904 Alive

20 31 Ironwood Dead


20 32 Ironwood 7.6 8.513099671 Alive


20 33 Ironwood 9.1 11.16701087 Alive

20 35 Ironwood 8.5 9.603923879 Alive

20 36 Black Cherry 7 7.513149868 Alive


20 37 Hawthorn 5.3 5.649667472 Dying


20 39 Burr oak 5.4 5.315779212 Dying

20 42 Ironwood Dead

20 41 Ironwood 12.5 13.44500533 Alive

20 43 Sugar Maple 51.6 31.75330408 Dying


20 44 Burr oak 34.4 23.52142297 Alive

20 46 Ironwood 9.7 10.84496951 Alive

20 47 Shagbark Hickory 42.5 28.40964934 a

20 48 Ironwood 15.8 12.01603594 a

20 49 Ironwood 7 5.628624319 Alive

20 50 Ironwood 18.5 15.79896856 Alive

21 1 Ironwood Dead



20 51 Ironwood 7.5 6.343297401 Alive




21 8 Unknown Dead






VI-70

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2013/08/29

21 13 Blue Beech 7.2 7.90 Alive














21 28 Bitternut Hickory Missing

21 27 Blue Beech 56 34.64 Alive





















22 8 Unknown Dead

22 9 Unknown Dead

VI-71

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2013/08/29










22 18 Burr Oak 36.1 21.41 Alive



22 22 Ironwood Dead

















23 5 Ironwood 9.7 22.81081669 Alive

23 6 Ironwood 5.5 7.196809314 a

23 7 Ironwood 11.9 15.57900615 Alive



23 11 Hawthorn Dead


23 13 Ironwood 27.3 21.04815559 Alive

23 14 Ironwood 20.1 18.53176589 Alive

VI-72

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29



23 17 Bitternut Hickory 56 21.75876186 Alive



23 20 Ironwood Dead





23 25 Ironwood 5.1 3.154106608 Alive














24 10 Hawthorn Dead




24 14 White Ash 5 5.67

Lightly

Browsed


24 16 Unknown 30.6 27.35 Alive




24 20 Hawthorn Dead

24 21 Hawthorn Dead

24 22 Hawthorn Dead

VI-73

Niao Chen

997253494

2013/08/29

24 23 Hawthorn Dead

24 24 Hawthorn Dead

24 25 Hawthorn Dead

24 26 Hawthorn Dead

24 27 Hawthorn Dead


24 29 Ironwood Dead


24 31 Ironwood Dead

24 32 Hawthorn Dead

24 33 Manitoba Maple Missing

24 34 Hawthorn Dead


24 36 Basswood Missing





















25 19 Downy Hawthorn 12 7.86 Alive




VI-74

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2013/08/29







25 29 Basswood Missing

















25 46 Bitternut Hickory 8.1 8.38

Lightly

Browsed

#!" +/$.'-(=0-',&(>?BC()%&%(

Q Tree

Number

Common Name DBH

(cm)

Total Height (m) Status

Code

Health

Code

1 1 Ironwood 10.62 11.86 AS

1 2 Hickory 49.30 AS ST

1 3 Sugar Maple 7.20 7.67 AS ST

1 4 Hickory 49.52 AS ST

1 7 Ironwood 12.10 14.05 AS LN

1 9 Ironwood 16.40 15.23 B LN

1 11 Sugar Maple 26.90 19.44 AS

1 13 Sugar Maple 23.50 21.75 AS

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1 14 Sugar Maple 7.30 5.10 AS TB

1 15 Sugar Maple 8.00 7.26 AS


1 18 Black Maple 41.90 25.23 AS NN

1 19 Sugar Maple 19.10 20.35 AS NN

1 21 Ironwood 10.50 13.07 AS NN

1 24 Sugar Maple 21.00 18.79 AS

1 25 Hickory 63.50 38.66 AS NN





1 36 Sugar Maple 4.98 5.53 AS LN

1 201? Sugar Maple 4.35 4.29 B LN

2 1 Red Maple 7.20 2.80 AL NN



2 4 Red Maple 16.35 16.20 B NN

2 5 Red Maple 8.40 7.92 AS NN

2 6 American Beech 16.60 19.84 AS NN

2 7 Black Maple 4.85 6.34 AS II

2 8 Black Maple 38.60 AS NN

2 10 Red Maple 20.87 AL NN

2 11 Red Maple 18.20 18.96 AL NN

2 12 American Beech B NN

2 13 Black Maple 7.64 6.35 AL NN


2 15 Red Maple 31.65 23.96 AS NN

2 16 Red Maple 5.71 4.93 AS NN

2 17 Red Maple 6.90 8.22 AL

2 18 White Ash 13.00 B NN

2 27 Red Oak 47.59 28.78 AS NN

2 30 Hickory 53.78 AL NN


2 35 Red Maple 11.53 17.25 AS NN


2 37 Red Maple 17.08 7.46 AS NN

2 38 Need Tree ID 4.48 5.75 AS NN

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2 40 Need Tree ID 4.75 4.64 AL NN

2 41 Need Tree ID 4.01 B NN

2 101 Sugar Maple 5.06 6.87 AL NN


2 103 Need Tree ID 44.30 24.55 AS NN


3 3 Ironwood 7.35 10.30 AS NN

3 4 American Beech 34.25 34.82 AL NN


3 8 Red Maple 20.35 AS NN


3 10 Red Maple 20.95 22.11 AS NN


3 16 Ironwood 5.71 5.98 AL NN

3 17 American Beech 14.20 21.40 AS II




3 101 Need Tree ID 50.61 33.76 AS NN


4 6 Hickory 8.32 7.80 AL NN

4 7 American Beech 32.95 AS NN

4 8 Ironwood 27.15 AS NN


4 10 Ironwood 10.75 14.88 AS NN

4 12 Hickory 14.33 AS NN

4 13 Bur Oak 32.70 AS NN

4 14 Hickory 12.22 15.63 AS NN

4 15 Black Cherry 12.50 7.68 AL NN

4 19 Sugar Maple 71.71 37.96 AS B

4 21 Sugar Maple 17.64 AS NN


4 23 Ironwood B


4 26 White Ash 45.20 AL NN

4 27 Black Maple 5.65 7.63 AL B

4 37 Hickory 8.26 10.54 AS NN

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4 201 Need Tree ID 5.95 7.09 AL B



4 204 Need Tree ID 10.73 14.88 AS NN

4 205 Need Tree ID 10.48 16.78 AL NN

4 206 Ironwood 13.06 15.75 AS NN

4 207 Need Tree ID 12.42 16.11 AS B





4 7704 White Ash 73.92 25.11 AS NN

5 1 American Beech 5.55 4.97 AS B


5 3 American Elm 7.61 8.99 AS NN

5 4 American Elm 47.62 AS NN

5 5 American Elm 5.82 5.62 AS NN





5 10 Hickory 53.40 11.94 AS NN

5 11 Sugar Maple 8.71 AL NN




5 15 Sugar Maple 36.42 B NN

5 16 Eastern Hemlock B CG

5 17 Ironwood 13.72 13.54 AS NN

5 19 Ironwood 11.35 21.06 AL NN

5 20 Ironwood 14.52 14.47 AL NN

5 21 Ironwood 15.76 B NN



5 29 Manitoba Maple 5.22 5.27 B SD




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5 17/203 Sugar Maple 5.15 8.33 AL NN





6 7 White Ash 14.72 21.11 AS NN





6 18 Ironwood 12.72 14.60 AS NN




6 23 Ironwood 14.25 AL NN


6 25 Ironwood 10.72 11.86 AS NN


6 28 White Ash 19.08 16.82 AS B




6 201 Need Tree ID 18.92 15.24 AS NN





7 2 Balsam Fir 25.75 AS NN


7 5 Hickory 36.13 22.15 AS NN

7 6 Hickory 26.76 23.71 AS NN




7 10 Hickory 9.04 13.07 AS NN




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7 19 Ironwood 82.00 22.81 AS NN

7 20 Hickory 20.52 21.40 AL NN


7 22 Hickory 35.22 22.81 AS NN




7 28 Hickory 4.44 25.58 AS NN

7 30 Need Tree ID 4.29 4.95 AS BAB










8 14 Ironwood B




8 20 Hickory 40.73 52.10 AS NN


8 22 Sugar Maple 14.36 13.65 AS

8 23 Sugar Maple 12.04 B

8 24 Ironwood 11.40 13.90 AS NN


8 25 White Ash 49.31 AS NN

8 26 Ironwood 15.50 16.30 AS NN





9 6 Hickory 5.70 B NN

9 9 White Ash 31.36 29.35 AS NN

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9 16 Ironwood 16.52 13.65 AS NN





9 29 Ironwood 11.30 12.57 AS NN

9 30 Hickory 16.37 16.30 AS NN


9 32 Eastern Hemlock 11.40 16.67 AS NN

9 34 Ironwood 12.71 14.60 AS NN



9 39 Hickory 15.36 18.71 AS NN


9 42 Ironwood 11.62 17.24 AS NN




9 Need Tree ID 94.30 AS NN



10 3 Ironwood 13.50 14.83 AS NN






10 10 Need Tree ID 45.46 AS NN


10 15 Ironwood 11.52 6.89 AS NN

10 17 White Ash 6.23 8.60 AS NN

10 18 Hickory 48.16 34.11 AS NN

10 19 Hickory 32.88 29.63 AS

10 20 Hickory 47.52 30.45 AS NN

10 22 Black Maple 41.32 25.11 AS

10 23 Black Maple 20.90 17.34 AS

10 24 Ironwood 12.09 12.37 AS

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10 25 Ironwood 13.81 11.86 AS

10 28 Hickory 37.29 B TB B

10 29 Ironwood 10.50 18.30 AS

10 201 Sugar Maple 17.95 17.73 AS NN

10 202 Ironwood 4.03 5.27 AS NN


10 204 Black Maple 14.86 14.88 AS NN


11 1 Ironwood 10.11 12.72 AS NN

11 3 Ironwood 10.18 11.55 AS NN

11 4 Ironwood 12.55 12.79 AS NN


11 8 Ironwood 15.92 17.92 AS NN

11 9 Ironwood 13.91 10.62 AS NN


11 11 Ironwood 13.33 15.38 AS NN

11 13 Ironwood 7.26 5.77 AS TB



11 16 Hickory 25.85 31.54 AS NN

11 18 Ironwood 10.34 12.99 AS NN

11 19 Ironwood 11.77 13.49 AS NN

11 23 Ironwood 8.81 11.59 AS NN


11 26 Hickory 41.85 34.68 AS NN



11 29 Ironwood 12.03 15.15 AS NN

11 30 White Ash 7.54 11.59 AS NN


11 33 White Ash 18.42 17.60 AS NN



11 36 Need Tree ID B

11 37 White Ash 43.78 25.84 AS NN




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12 1 White Ash 46.74 34.33 AS NN



12 4 Ironwood 30.72 10.02 AS NN


12 6 White Ash 6.39 10.30 AS NN

12 7 Ironwood 10.46 11.94 AS NN

12 8 Ironwood 11.22 11.01 AS NN





12 13 Ironwood B

12 14 White Ash 12.03 AS NN


12 18 White Ash 9.24 7.84 AS NN

12 20 Ironwood 10.92 12.74 AS NN

12 22 Ironwood B





13 1 Hickory 25.50 20.11 B


13 3 Hickory 18.46 18.65 AS NN








13 11 Ironwood 11.55 11.36 AS NN

13 12 Ironwood 9.01 7.48 B



13 15 Bur Oak 35.70 29.63 AS NN

13 16 Manitoba Maple 6.30 8.22 AS NN

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13 18 Ironwood 13.45 11.59 AS NN








13 27 Ironwood 13.80 12.15 AS NN


13 201 Ironwood 17.74 15.23 AS NN



14 1 Ironwood 14.61 B


14 5 Need Tree ID 18.75 AS NN





14 11 Ironwood 54.63 23.90 AS NN

14 12 Black Cherry 11.31 5.62 AS

14 15 Ironwood 14.20 17.13 AS NN


14 17 Hickory 49.71 29.26 AS NN


14 19 Ironwood B NN

14 20 Ironwood B NN


14 23 Ironwood 11.40 AL AB



14 28 White Ash 24.81 20.20 AS NN



14 31 Black Maple 5.07 B NN


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14 34 Ironwood B NN







15 2 White Ash 6.90 10.19 AS NN

15 3 Black Maple B NN

15 5 Downy Hawthorn 9.48 5.67 AL NN





15 15 Downy Hawthorn B NN

15 25 Ironwood B NN


15 201 Need Tree ID B NN


15 203 Manitoba Maple 7.58 7.09 AS

15 204 Need Tree ID 4.87 6.19 B


15 206 White Ash 6.31 8.78 AS NN

15 207 Black Cherry 7.68 8.33 AS NN



15 210 Manitoba Maple 6.41 3.54 AL NN

16 1 Ironwood 10.41 12.38 AS NN

16 2 Hickory 29.86 27.90 AS NN

16 3 Ironwood 11.08 15.28 AS NN

16 4 Ironwood B NN





16 10 Ironwood 26.36 26.80 AS NN

16 11 Hickory 43.94 39.72 AS NN

16 12 Ironwood 11.10 15.20 AS NN

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16 15 Ironwood B NN







16 23 American Beech 20.36 17.95 B


17 1 Ironwood 11.20 13.16 AS NN

17 2 Blue Beech B NN

17 3 Ironwood 18.12 17.38 AS NN

17 4 Ironwood 6.70 7.06 B NN

17 5 Hickory 46.52 32.71 AS NN


17 10 Ironwood 39.82 30.43 AS NN

17 11 American Beech 25.02 AL NN

17 12 Ironwood 6.87 10.35 AS NN

17 13 Ironwood B NN



17 16 Ironwood 10.43 9.67 AS NN


17 18 Ironwood 10.85 10.02 AS NN




17 24 Hickory 56.90 28.41 AS NN

17 25 Ironwood B NN


17 29 Hickory 46.25 29.63 AS NN







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18 5 Ironwood 29.20 22.56 AS NN

18 6 Ironwood 13.06 14.35 AS NN


18 9 Ironwood 22.21 22.66 AS NN










18 21 Ironwood B NN






18 30 Hickory 40.84 34.11 AS NN











19 9 Hickory 58.93 29.95 AS NN

19 10 Ironwood 19.14 15.55 AS NN







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19 23 Bur Oak 15.95 15.20 AS NN








19 202 Need Tree ID 16.93 26.12 AS NN


19 204 Hickory 5.05 4.95 AS NN


19 38/40 American Beech 24.56 AS NN




20 5 Ironwood 14.55 13.30 AS NN

20 8 Hickory 38.62 29.28 AS NN

20 9 Ironwood 15.48 11.94 AS NN

20 10 Hawthorn B NN

20 11 Sugar Maple B NN

20 12 Ironwood 31.14 12.14 AS NN

20 14 Ironwood 11.38 9.25 AS NN




20 19 Hawthorn B NN

20 20 Sugar Maple 61.16 AS B DV,

TB


20 26 Ironwood 16.83 19.04 AS NN

20 27 Ironwood 10.90 10.13 AS NN

20 28 Ironwood 17.38 14.61 AS NN

20 29 Ironwood 12.87 22.46 AS NN


20 31 Ironwood B NN

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20 32 Ironwood 8.08 10.81 AS NN


20 34 Ironwood B NN



20 37 Hawthorn B NN

20 38 Unidentified B NN

20 41 Ironwood 13.93 12.29 AS NN


20 44 Bur Oak 36.24 24.01 AS NN

20 46 Ironwood 10.61 10.35 AS NN

20 47 Hickory 44.32 24.01 AS NN

20 48 Ironwood 16.08 13.82 AS NN

20 49 Ironwood B NN

20 50 Ironwood 18.50 16.82 AS NN

20 51 Ironwood 7.73 10.72 AS NN





21 10 Hickory 15.83 12.25 AS NN






21 19 Ironwood 18.03 16.75 AS NN



21 25 Ironwood 14.25 16.91 AS NN

21 26 Ironwood 7.03 10.72 AS NN

21 27 Blue Beech 58.62 AS NN


21 30 Hickory 20.64 21.74 AS NN


21 32 Ironwood B NN



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21 41 Ironwood 8.87 11.72 AS NN



21 202 White Ash 50.11 34.68 AS NN

21 203 Ironwood 4.68 7.20 AS NN



22 1 Ironwood 18.34 18.43 AS NN


22 3 Ironwood 10.09 12.02 AS NN



22 6 Hickory 53.00 28.23 AS NN








22 19 Ironwood 16.74 20.01 AS NN

22 20 Ironwood 17.63 20.36 AS NN

22 21 Ironwood 16.58 20.01 AS NN



22 25 Hickory 28.84 24.41 AS NN

22 27 American Beech 6.87 8.71 AS B


22 30 Ironwood 16.84 20.01 AS NN

22 31 Ironwood 10.75 15.63 AS NN


22 33 Hickory 51.94 30.00 AS NN

22 201 Ironwood 5.38 6.06 AS NN

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23 10 Basswood 20.00 AS II


23 13 Ironwood 27.87 19.89 AS NN

23 14 Ironwood 20.01 14.74 AS NN


23 17 Hickory 58.03 22.26 AS NN







23 27 Hickory 15.82 4.57 AS NN

23 28 Hickory 43.02 24.97 AS NN



23 1 and 2 American Beech 34.10 AS NN

24 1 Hickory 48.31 22.91 AS NN

24 3 Hickory 9.92 13.20 AS NN

24 4 Hickory 29.58 16.12 AS NN

24 5 Hickory B NN

24 16 Need Tree ID 32.37 23.26 AS NN

24 17 Hickory 23.54 19.01 AS NN

24 18 Hickory 36.05 26.80 AS NN

24 20 Hawthorn B NN

24 24 Hawthorn B NN

24 26 Hawthorn B NN

24 28 Ironwood 17.28 18.78 AS NN

24 30 Hickory 28.30 26.29 AS NN

24 32 Hawthorn 5.73 5.64 AS NN

24 35 Hawthorn 6.48 4.22 AS II,B


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24 205 Manitoba Maple 7.52 4.56 AL NN

25 3 Hickory 37.56 29.96 AS NN


25 9 Hickory 39.05 25.23 AS NN

25 10 Hickory 8.22 10.72 AS NN



25 18 Downy Hawthorn 15.63 12.60 AS NN

25 19 Downy Hawthorn B


25 26 Hickory 38.88 33.25 AS NN

25 27 Hickory 34.12 27.35 AS NN

25 30 Hickory 19.11 17.59 AS NN


25 45 Hickory 11.72 12.13 AS NN










25 210 Manitoba Maple 5.93 4.92 AS B TB

25 211 Black Hawthorn 5.50 6.74 AS B

25 212 Black Hawthorn 4.42 6.02 AS NN



25 215 Hickory 24.83 19.70 AS NN

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