NHD: Pirate Radio :)

Lets kick some NHD butt!!!! Oh yeah baby!! BRING IT ON!! To Do: One stupid citation ;)

Fix annotations=done Put citations in order=done Overview website Process paper

THESIS STATEMENT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Put bibliography on website Make some games ALMOST THERE

NOTE: Remember to write down everything you find from each website. ye

Hey guys, do pictures count for primary sources? i will put them as primary for now but let me know :) thx! ~Rachel IMPORTANT: GET RID OF ALL WIKIPEDIA sources!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! THE NHD WEBSITE CONSIDERS THEM A TERTIARY SOURCE (A SOURCE THAT HELPS U TO BEGIN RESEARCH) ~Rachel

Work Cited

Primary

Abandoned Maunsell Sea Forts. Private. Web. 13 Feb. 2011. <http://www.thecoolist.com/abandoned-places-10-creepy-beautiful-modern-

ruins/>.

This photograph told us what pirate radio was like before they went on ships. Also we saw what they lived in and how it was built.

Clark, Alan, and Andy Archer, narr. The Marine Broadcasting Offences Act 67. youtube, 2010. Web. 5 Feb. 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NAb5BNml6Y>.

This site gave us a better idea on what the government and BBC were doing to try and and end pirate radio. It also gave us a more detailed explanation of the Marine Broadcasting Offences Act.

Cronnolley, John. Web.

This interview featured Ronan O’Rahilly, the creator of Radio Caroline, and he told us all about life on the ships and the basic background of pirate radio. He told many things about Radio Caroline.

Cronnolley, John. Web.

This primary source was an interview of Rosko. He told us about pirate radio and BBC.

Daniel, Clifton, ed. Chronicle of the 20th Century. Mount Kisco, N.Y: Chronicle Publications, 1987. 911-29. Print.

This book gave us newspaper clippings from England in the 1960s. This book also told us what was going on in that time and how it impacted the 1960s.

Day, Roger. Message to the author. 18 Jan. 2011. E-mail

Roger Day's e-mail gave us more information on how and when certain events on Radio Caroline happened. He also told more about the life aboard pirate radio ships.

Deitz, Corey. "The Ian MacRae Interview: Once a Radio Pirate, Today a Radio Teacher." About.com Radio. New York Times Comapny, n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2011.

<http://radio.about.com/od/britishradiohistory/a/aa062309a.htm>.

This interview from one of the original disc jockeys aboard Radio Caroline was helpful because it gave his point of view. It told us what BBC was doing, the law they were trying to make and what all of the people were thinking.

MacRae, Ian. Message to the author. 22 Jan. 2010. Web.

Ian MacRae, an original disk jockey on Radio Caroline, sent us an email that helped us find other people to contact and websites to use.

Harmsen, Eylard. Unique collection of photos from Radio Caroline. HP, - . Web. 3 Jan. 2011. <http://www.eylard.nl/OffShoreRadio/Caroline/index.htm>.

This site gave us lots of unique photos to use.

Hough, Clint. Sixties City-bringing back the good times-60s memories. Web. 11 Feb. 2011. <http://www.sixtiescity.com/Radio/PirateRadio6.shtm>.

This photo helped us understand that BBC and the government really didn’t want anybody to listen to pirate radio. This photograph probably helped them earn money because a lot of people stopped listening to pirate radio due to this picture because it stated that listening to Pirate Radio was illegal.

Prince, Tony. "Radio Caroline etc." Message to the author. 19 Jan. 2010. Web.

Tony Prince’s e-mail gave us more specific information on what life was like. He told us all about the debate and how no body was scared of being in trouble.

Radio 819. Web. 13 Feb. 2011. <http://edopeters.web-log.nl/edopeters/2006/08/index.html>.

This website had a photo of the MV Ross Revenge. It showed us what the ship looked like.

Roberts, Ad. This is Ad Roberts Net. N.p., 3 Oct. 1996. Web. 3 Jan. 2011. <http://www.adroberts.net/>.

Ad Roberts told about his life on ship and it was very helpful primary resource.

Rudd, Peter. Maunsell sea fort. Web. 13 Feb. 2011. <http://strawdogs.wordpress.com/2010/05/06/maunsell-sea-fort/maunsell-sea-

fort/>.

This photograph showed us what the sea forts looked like and how close together they were. We also saw bridges between them so they could communicate.

Simon Dee- The Radio Caroline Interview . Narr. Simon Dee. YouTube, 2008. Web. 3 Jan. 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9oY-OhiXG0>.

This video helped us to understand what the daily life on Radio Caroline was like from Simon Dee’s (a disk jockey on Radio Caroline) perspective.

Styles, Ashley C. SATURN SOUND recording services. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2011. <http://saturn-sound.com/>.

This website helped by giving us pictures to use for our website.

The MV Mi Amigo. Private. Web. 13 Feb. 2011. <http://memories963.freewebhostx.com/tracklist.html>.

This photo showed us what the ship looked like. We also we found out where they were located.

The Sunday Times. Johnnie Walker remembers Radio Caroline. N.p., 15 Mar. 2009. Web. 2 Jan. 2011.<http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/

article5897099.ece>.

Johnnie Walker tells us about life on Radio Caroline. It helped us get a sense of how they lived.

Secondary

Anderso, Tom. Radio Caroline South. Europa Productions, - 2001. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http://carolinesouth.com/listen.htm>.

This site gave personal information of life aboard the ships.

A-Z 94.9 Presenters. Tony Blackburn. BBC Home, 17 July 2006. Web. 16 Dec. 2010.

<http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/05/24/tony_blackburn_person_profile.shtml

This website told us more about who Tony Blackburn is. It also gave us a way to contact him.

Emery, Daniel. "Pirate radio 'puts lives at risk'." BBC NEWS Pirate Radio. Ed. Daniel Emery. MMXI, 3 Mar. 2009. Web. 20 Jan. 2011.

<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7919748.stm>.

We found out that pirate radio was actually very dangerous sometimes. This article explained how when pirates went on other frequency signals that it sometimes covered emergency signals causing several people to die.

Hastings, Chris. “BBC’s Secret War with Pirates.” The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Tues. 4 Jan. 2011

This website gave a good perspective of what BBC was doing about Pirate Radio. It told us what BBC was banning to try and prevent pirate radio.

John Peel returns to BBC radio as 6 Music broadcasts DJ's finest moments. guardian.co.uk, 26 Dec. 2010. Web. 15 Jan. 2010.

<http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/dec/26/john-peel-returns-bbc-6-music>.

This is an article about John Peel and how he transfered to BBC. He gave us his point of view about why he left pirate radio.

Johns, Adrian. Death Of A Pirate. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2011. N. pag. Print.

This book helped us learn about major events that happened during the time of Pirate Radio. It also told the perspective of BBC on Pirate Radio.

Jazeera, Al. Marine Broadcasting Offences Act - Definition. wordIQ, - 2010. Web. 22 Jan. 2011. <http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Marine_Broadcasting_Offences_Act>

This definition helped us understand what the Marine Broadcasting Offences Act really was. It told us when and why the government made this law and how far it strechted outside of England.

Kindred, David. "The Ships that Rocked the Nation." Origins of Pirate Radio in the UK | Kindred Spirit. Ed. David Kindred. N.p., 1 Dec. 2010. Web. 13 Jan. 2011.

<http://kindred-spirit.co.uk/pirate-radio-history/>.

We found the origins of pirate radio and the beginning story on this website.

Plazek, Joe. FM Pirate Radio, Classic Rock with an Attitude!. N.p., - 2006. Web. 2 Jan. 2011. <http://www.fmpirateradio.com/index.html>

This website gave us information on what particular music people listened to in the 1960s.

"Police track rise of pirate radio." BBC News. MMXI, 3 Mar. 2009. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7920241.stm>.

This site told us about pirate radio rising in popularity and how BBC was trying to bring it down. Also we found some important names against pirate radio in the UK.

Porter, David. "60s' Pirate Radio Revolutionised British Popular Broadcasting." Suite101. N.p., 7 Apr. 2010. Web. 11 Jan. 2011. <http://www.suite101.com/content/60s-pirate-radio-revolutionised-british-popular-broadcasting-a222446>.

This website told us the a detailed story of The Marine Broadcasting Act and BBC.

Rowlinson, John. Ministry of Rock. N.p., - 2000. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://www.ministryofrock.co.uk/The1960sCategory.html>.

This website gave us the introduction to pirate radio.

Sauma, Luiza. "Battle stations: the fight for pirate radio." The Independent. Google, 22 Mar. 2009. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/battle-stations-the-fight-for-pirate-radio-1648089.html>.

This article told us about the battle for pirate radio. In the article the author talks about the loophole in the legal system which helped us understand how they were technically not violating the law.

Terry, Mike. "UK House of Commons Discuss Pirate Radio Today Part One" The Southgate Amateur Radio Club. N.p., n.d. Wed. 5 Feb. 2011.

<http://www.southgatearc.org/articles/pirate_radio_part_two.htm>.

This site was a court case debating pirate radio. It helped us understand both viewpoints and it gave lots of reasons for and against pirate radio. Also we found lots of peoples names against pirate radio in the 1960s.

The Cyber Home of the Ross Revenge. Radio Caroline, 31 July 2001. Web. 27 Dec. 2010. <http://www.rossrevenge.co.uk/history.htm>.

This website helped us make our timeline. We also used it to find out the history of the Ross Revenge.

The Pirate Radio Hall of Fame. Amazon, n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http://www.offshoreradio.co.uk/index.html>.

From this website, we learned about lots of people aboard Radio Caroline and what they did on the ship. We also found their perspective pirate radio.

V, Lauren. "The Buoyancy of Rock N’ Roll: History of Radio Caroline." The Vogue Vibes. Ed. Lauren V. Sound Strategies, 10 Jan. 2011.

<http://www.thevoguevibes.com/2011/01/the-buoyancy-of-rock-n-roll-history-of-radio-caroline/>.

This article told us about the 1960s. We found out about people on Radio Caroline and Radio Caroline’s struggle against BBC and the government.

VanHemert, Kyle. Gizmodo. N.p., 27 Mar. 2010. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. <http://gizmodo.com/5503538/the-gear-that-keeps-londons-pirate-radio-hidden>.

This website had a video that helped us get more information about daily life of the pirates and their history.

Unknown (guys please help me decide where these go) :)

Hawkins, Terry. Mersey Pirates . N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2011. <http://www.merseypirates.com/pages/frameset.htm>.

This website gave us documents between radio ships.

Murphy, James F. Original Radio Caroline (North) History. N.p., 26 Sept. 1998. Web. 3 Feb. 2011. <http://www.radiolondon.co.uk/caroline/jimmurphy/index.html>.

This site gave us very helpful information about the ship Radio Caroline. It also told us what was going on at the time and the history behind pirate radio. This site also told us who

everyone on the sea vessel was and how they felt about their situation, including parts of the disc jockeys journals.

Pirate Radio Ships. Sparklit, June 2009. Web. 13 Feb. 2011. <http://edopeters.web-log.nl/edopeters/2006/08/index.html>.

This website helped us to figure out when important things happened in the 1960s for pirate radio.

Radio Caroline North Sixties Pirate Radio station. Site Meter, 16 Sept. 2008. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. <http://www.mikekemble.com/caroline/caroline3.html>.

This site helped us find out that there was two Radio Caroline ships.

Smith, Mike. The Story of Offshore and Pirate Radio. Ed. Mike Smith. Astro Hosts, Nov. 2003. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. <http://www.mds975.co.uk/Content/about_this_site.html>.

This website told the story of pirate radio and BBC. We learned more about the debate and the BBC side of the debate.

Seton Hall University. 89.5 FM WSOU Seton Hall Pirate Radio. 89.5 WSOU, n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http://www.wsou.net/about.cfm>.

This website gave us information about the history of the radio station. It also gave us people to contact.

Not finished

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%24& sgHitCountType = None & inPS = true & sort = DateDescend & searchType = BasicSearchForm & tabID = T 004& prodId = IPS & searchId = R 5& currentPosition =19& userGroupName = ada 51237& doc Id = CJ 212774916& docType = IAC & contentSet = IAC - Documents

This website helped us find helpful magazine articles and websites.

Questions For Us

What’s BBC doing to stop pirate radio? The government and BBC made a law to get

rid of them for more viewers to listen to just BBC. It was the Marine Broadcasting Offences Act--

government

What’s our THESIS STATEMENT?! 1960’s Pirate Radio in the United Kingdom;

Illegal or not? (just an idea)

What do they do for fun? Nothing and sleep.

How did the law officials treat them? The pirates didn’t care about how they were

treated. They were fighting for the people. :)

Notes Pirate radio became popular in the early 1960’s when radio stations such as Radio Caroline and Radio London began broadcasting from ships or sea forts. At the time, they were not illegal because they where offshore and technically, they where not in the U.K. Radio Caroline were one of the most popular pirate radio stations. Ronan O’Rahilly founded radio Caroline in 1964.

Who

● Tony Blackburn● Jocelyn Stevens● Emperor Rosko His real name is Mike Pasternak● Tom Lodge● Roger Day● Ian MacRae● Simon Dee● Tony Prince● Spangles Muldoon● Keith Skues● Johnnie Walker● Robbie Dale● Dave Lee Travis● Andy Archer● Ronan O’Rahilly: the founder of Radio Caroline. He grew up in a well

known and wealthy Irish family. He’s dead now. :’(● Don Allen● Jerry Leighton● Jim Murphy “Murph the surf” :) ● Mick Luvzit● Bob Stewart● Mike Ahern● Gordan Cruse● Bill Hearne● Rick Jonns● Martin Kayne● Ray Teret

WhereNorth Sea When1964-1967

Why:

Random Things About Radio Caroline· Original theme tune was Jimmy McGriff’s, Round Midnight· The original transmitter power was almost 20 kW this was achieved by linking ten kW’s· Broadcasting hours were originally from 6 am to 6 pm (Later changed to all day and night)· Radio Caroline was originally on the boat MV Mi Amigo from 1964-1967· First test broadcasts were on Friday, 27 March 1964· Slogan is “Radio Caroline on 199 your all day music station”· First air time was Easter Sunday, 29 March 1964 at noon· Format is variety, religion, news and popular music· Last air time 14 August 1967· Most popular of the pirates· Ronan tried to stand up to the government about pirate radioAt the beginning of Radio Caroline they did not get paid

Interviews and Letters

Hello,My name is Margo Stevens, and I am a eighth grader at Eastern Middle School, in Minnesota, U.S.A. I am working on a project for a nation-wide history competition called National History Day. I have chosen the topic of Pirate Radio in the United Kingdom in the 1960's. I am specifically interested in Radio Caroline, and I would like to ask you a few questions.

First of all, how did Radio Caroline end?

The British Labour Government introduced a new law The Marine Offences Act which stopped British subjects working on the pirates, advertising or supplying them with provisions except in an emergency. After August 1967 Radio Caroline remaind the only pirate ship broadcasting and the DJ’s were mainly none-Brits who had to commute by tender ship to Holland ( a long sea sickening journey).It was lack of advertising that finally killed her off. In the UK the BBC had to shape up with a pop channel to fill the gap filled with former pirate DJs. The other station that filled the gap was Radio Luxembourg which I joined for 16 years. Eventually the Government introduced Independent Local Radio. At last we DJs had won the war!

Was there an official lawsuit, or did you choose to end the radio station (if so, why)?

There were about eight pirate stations around the UK. Only Caroline continued to broadcast the others all closed down.

Second, how and when was the MV Caroline wrecked?

It ran aground in storm and survived around 1966 (Google the dates). The ship finished up in a Dutch shipyard where it was broken up for scrap. A ship does exist on the South Coast of England using the name Radio Caroline but I don;t know too much about it other than they need money.

What did you do for fun on the ship?

We spent most of our time broadcasting usually 2 x 3 hour shows per day per DJ. The rest of the time we answered our thousands of weekly fan letters. In the summer we swam to the tourist boats and sunbathed, played cards, watched TV.

Also, what were the crew member’s concerns of the legal consequences of their actions?

The crew were Dutch seamen not effected. The DJs didn’t give a thought to legal consequences until the bill became law. Some Brits stayed on after the bill, one in particular became a BBC star, Johnny Walker.

How did the law officials treat you?

We never saw them.

Did you get in any legal trouble in the end?

Not one DJ was ever arrested under the new law.

Also, how did you get all your food supplies and items for the boat?

A small tender delivered provisions and mail and advertisments and new records twice weekly. Once a week they delivered new DJs to change shifts. We worked two weeks on board, two weeks on land (ravishing the girls and having 60’s fun, doing club gigs, drinking with The Beatles, Stones and other pop stars in The Speakeasy and other great London clubs.

Were the living conditions including sleeping, sleeping areas, and food portions, good?

The food was Dutch, greasy and not popular. We made out own egg and chips, beans on toast. The fresh milk went sour after two days of rolling on the waves.

We all had our onw tiny cabin, bed, wash basin and cupboard and a prothole that leaked and wet you through in a storm.

If you had known how much work it was to be a disc-jockey one the ship, would you have done it in the first place?

It wasn’t hard work, we were wired and inspired. We’d all do it again tomorrow and the day after!

Finally, do you know any other people or resources that have more information about this topic? Thank you very much for your time.

Radio Caroline, Radio London and Radio Luxembourg all have their own highly active web sites (Facebook etc.) I’m sure you can contact fans here and obtain more information.

We plan a pirate radio broadcast from the International Radio Festival in Zurich June 15th June with myself and my old pirate buddies including The Emperor Rosko, Tony Blackburn and Ed Stewart. You can catch this on the the internet so I hope you’ll be listening.

(internationalradiofestival.com)

Hope this helps Margo?

Warmest regards,

Tony Prince Director,DMC Ltd.,PO Box 89,Slough,SL1 8NA.England.

Interview with Travis and Walker

Q: And so we reach a crucial question: just how did a dozen or so type-A personality, pop-savvy young men in their early twenties, with millions of adoring fans writing to them, keep themselves entertained? Drink? Drugs? Relentless sexual intercourse? T: Naow. That's the whole thing, isn't it? The film's going to be full of that. They'll probably think of every conceivable thing young fellows could get up to. Sadly, it was a bit more boring. We didn't have women on board, or parties. There'd be five or six DJs, plus the Dutch crew. What we were doing was changing the face of pop-music Britain. It was brilliant to be able to choose our own music from the

record library. In my time I've been to so many stations where some young guys, who've been put in to run the station, give you a list of records to play, and don't know what they're doing. Q: What did you think of the movie Pirate Radio?W: I think for younger people, born after the whole pirate thing, it's an introduction to an really exciting, rebellious time in British history. If Curtis had stuck to the real story, it would've been a dull film, because we lived quite boring livesQ: What was your first day on the boat like?W: Once I got over the excitement of seeing a proper radio studio for the first time, and an enormous transmitter, Radio England was a bit disappointing. There were no cabins or bunks; no sleeping accommodation had been built for DJs, so we bedded down in sleeping bags in the hold. The American planners had just wanted to get the ship on the air as quickly as possible. It was worse than that. There were rumours that the boat had been used to ship back dead GI’s from Korea, and that the hold we slept in was where they put the body bags...Q: What was Ronan O’Rahilly like?W: I was captivated by him, He had enormous charm, huge charisma and he made you believe that anything was possible. He epitomised the spirit of the Sixties.Q: Did he direct his DJs as to the kind of music he wanted? W: He believed in freedom. He used to say, 'Why hire people who know and are enthusiastic about music, then tell them what they should and shouldn't play?Q: What was your first day like?T: At dinner, the captain welcomed me, sat me down with rest of crew, and said, 'Just for Dave's benefit, we'll have to go through the lifeboat drill.' They told me if the alarm sounded, we had to go up and stand by the boats and that I was stationed on the top deck. I'd only been asleep for a couple of hours when alarm went off. I got out of bed, was about to put my trousers on when someone grabbed my hand and said, 'No time for that, quick quick!' So I was in my underpants in the North Sea, I went up to my post by a boat on top deck and I stood there almost naked, freezing my arse off, waiting for instructions. After five minutes, I thought, Nobody's given me orders, I can't hear anything, this is crazy – and as I went downstairs, I heard muffled laughter. It was a first-night wind-up. I unloosed a lot of expletives.Q: What was Radio Caroline like?A: It had a mess hall, with tables bolted to the floor, nothing too fancy, you understand. And you couldn't go sunbathing on the top deck because there wasn't much call for that in the North Sea....

Q: More about your thoughts on Pirate Radio movie...?W: The idea of a competition with 200 winners coming to the ship, including 100 girls, didn't happen. I wish we'd had half the fun that The Boat That Rocked DJs did.Q:Did women never appear on the boat at all?W:During the summer, couples in sailing boats would come alongside and, if we had a friendly captain, he'd allow them to tie up. We'd get the engineer to take the boyfriend on a tour of the generators, and us DJs would move in on the girlfriend, and give her a tour of the more, er, social areas of the shipQ: Did the DJs never carouse? W: At Christmas we'd crack open a few beers. Towards the end of Caroline, there was some marijuana and we'd smoke a few spliffs. But the wild times were on shore. A week's shore-leave would be non-stop party, and the hardest thing was getting to Liverpool Street station at 8.30am on Monday morning – the greatest sin was to miss the train to HarwichQ: Why did he choose to stick around?W: I totally believed in what Radio Caroline was doing, and I knew that for millions of people the station was part of their life. I didn't see the fairness of taking it off the air. I knew the BBC would produce a very insipid imitation of pirate radio. So when Ronan said, "I want to keep Radio Caroline going, I said, 'If so, I want to be a part of it.'

Interview with Ronan O’RahillyQ: In the 60s, there was a lot of people listening but that didn’t stop the government from bringing in MOA.A: That happens everywhere. In 1968 in France it almost nearly changed except that people supported it and that was it.Q: how do you feel about Radio Caroline nnow?A: I feel like it isnt 25 years ago. I feel like it was only yesterday. It doesn’t feel like that because it was filled with so much excitement. It’s a lot of adrenaline, a lot of energy, a lot of positive stuffhappening all at the same time and I suppose if you say to to me , what’s the major feeling? I would say that you can do anything you want.Q: If you had known the risks of Radio Caroline, would you still have gone on?A: Oh, absolutely! Without question I would not deferred from it, I feel like the luckiest man in the world. I am wild anyways and always have been.

Interview with Ian MacRae

● “...no visitors were ever allowed on- for insurance and safety reasons”

● “The few visitors who did come on board were people like pop stars and entertainers, for on-air interviews, and they had to have special permission from head office in London.”

● Q: What’s the worst thing that ever happened to you while on-the-air? A: “There’s been all the usual things we all go through. Swearing while recording calls that were going to air at the same time. I once had a bout of nose bleeds that lasted for a week and seemed to come on the instant I put the mic on every time. And that was before the days of computer play-out systems which you can just switch to automation.”

(Interview from: http :// radio . about . com / od / britishradiohistory / a / aa 062309 a . htm )

Interview with Simon Dee*Q: How did you get this rather unusual job? A: They did voice tests. Q: You got a job by your voice? A: Yes, I guess so, yeah. Q: Is it terribly well-paid? A: Well, I haven’t seen any money since I’ve been on board. I don’t know how much I’ll be paid. I really don’t. I’m paid in blood and sweat at the most. Q: You don’t think this will be damaging to your career?A: No! No, noQ: Do you think on the contrary it might well make your career?A: Well it might make my---- Well I suppose it will yeah. It would help, anyways. Great thing, great idea.Q: How many people work with Radio Caroline?A: Well in one number, it would be hard to say because there’s all different stages of the people of London. The brains, who plan the program,and there’s the DJs who make the shows, and the technician, and the crew that runs the ship. Oh, I should say at least... 100 people at least.Q: How long will you be on board yourself?A: A long time, long time. Umm, I've been on board, 5 no 6 weeks. 6 weeks.Q: What don’t you like about it?A: What don’t I like about it? Umm, I don’t like not getting enough sleep. Apart from that, I’m fine.Q: How does your day start?A: Tired (hahaha)Q: What time do you get up?

A: Five o’clock. And umm, we switch the transmitters on, then run through some test tapes. We put the records on, decide what we’re gonna play. Put those on and test them for levels and you know, carry them away to the modulation. Then we start transmitting at 6 and ah, we go on through the day changing records and different DJs taking over. Records are heard inside while the program on now. I mean you can adjust this (volume) and it doesn’t make any difference to the transmission.You can sorta fiddle around in here while the whole thing is going on. You can listen to records and plan for say tomorrows show even.Q: Supposing, and I hope this never happens to you, you have gales for the next 3 weeks, will you have enough tapes to keep going?A: Umm, well we don’t really need tapes, not now. We needed tapes to start with when we, established because all these things happened. We were knocked off the air as you just said a few months ago. by what’s her name? Queen...Q: Queen Pelamena.A: Yes that's it. She came by about 20 ounce** ten feet away and knock us off. So we fixed her and we told the captain not to do it again.Q: Now tell me what you do for relaxation?A: I sleep!! I sleep all the time!!!Q: What’s the food like?A: Very good. ____*** is the best chef ever.(Interview from www.youtube.com)

*Note: The above words aren’t exactly the same as what Simon Dee said. This interview was in video form so I wrote down what he said as best as I could.

**I’m am not sure what that means or even if he said that.***It said the chef’s name and I didn’t hear it and couldn’t make it out.

Interview with Johnnie Walker

● My only comment [about pirate radio movie] was that they made it seem a lot more fun than it really was. I seem to remember spending a lot of time in the record library preparing the show, answering fan mail and sleeping. The working quarters were all on deck level, and they had a flat roof, so you could sunbathe.

● It was fine if the sun was shining, but on cold winter nights in high seas, it could be really grim. We’d try not to let that show on air, of course.

● When they passed the act outlawing pirates, Caroline kept going. The problem with that was that the daily boat that came out of Harwich with the food, mail and other supplies couldn’t legally set sail, so we had to be supplied from Holland — which could take 24 hours. We’d end up running short of water half the time. It felt incredibly isolated. No mail and just this relentless PR from the BBC as it geared up to launch Radio 1. One night, we’d had enough, and three of us jumped into the lifeboat with a crate of beer and went in as close to the shore as we dared, yelling insults at Harold Wilson. Suddenly, this tiny dot appeared on the horizon and started powering towards us at enormous speed, and we realised it was the coastguard with about 12 men, coming for us. We were chugging back to the 3½-mile limit as fast as we could, and only just made it. So we were giving the coastguard some . . . um, cheery waves, let’s say.

Information from: http :// entertainment . timesonline . co . uk / tol / arts _ and _ entertainment / film / article 5897099. ece

Letter from Roger Day <3

Well in fact Caroline still continues if only on satellite and the Internet. It ended forst time round in 1968 when the ships were towed into harbour for unpaid bills. Came back in the seventies until the ship sank in a storm . Started again in 83 on a new ship but went off in the nineties after a bad storm. Have a look at the Pirate Radio Hall of fame site it has many links and stories to help you. On board we did lots of production and answered listeners letters.Living conditions actually quite good with good food etc.Food and fresh water/diesel supplied by a tender boat from Holland,Most of us didn't care about the legal consequences, we were fighting for free radio Hope that helps Best Wishes Roger day

More About Rock

· Some songs suggested sexual and drug themes· It promoted long hair, wild skirts and drugs· Most parents thought it was inappropriate and that people should not listen to it

About England 1960sBeatles invade AmericaLord Beaverbrook, press baron and champion of the British Empire, dies in Surrey, England on June 9 at the age of 80.October self styles newest hit makers have hit the U.S Chronicle 20st century pg. 925

BBC● The British government preferred to play jazz● They banned presenters

They wanted to stop pirate radio because it was draining too much of their audience and the pirates were making too much money. BBC, at the time was very popular because they had news, but the only thing that they were missing was popular music. So once teenagers started listening to rock, they began to lose audience, but once pirate radio began, that is when they took the biggest blow in their lack of audience. In 1967 a law was passed to close the loophole that was causing the pirates to be able to operate.

A Making of Pirate RadioBefore pirate radio was on boats, they were broadcasting form military

fortresses that were left in the water after WWII in the English Channel and pirate ships in the 1950s and 60s when commercial radio was illegal in the UK. These forts were dropped in the water during WWII and were originally used as gun platforms used to shot down the planes that were used to bomb London. The government stopped using them in the 50s because they thought they would rust and fall over, but they didn’t. Broadcasters went out there to broadcast to England and other places in Europe. The original pirates went here to broadcast. The forts were several miles out in the sea. The pirates considered it a persons right to have a radio station of their own. “We were giving the people something they’ve never had before; free, popular music.” The first year out there was very cold. They were well armed with flares, grenades, shotguns. The only injury that they ever had was appendicitis, they had to go ashore to get help. That was the

only accident they ever had apart from the death of the DJs, engineer, and skipper of the boat. The skipper disappeared somewhere inbetween England and the forts. The engineer was never found. The dj was found somewhere in Spain. They knew they were broadcasting to India and had about 4-6 million listeners. Groupies would come and to the boats and forts in boatloads. Sometimes they would get there and get stranded and the pirates would have to get them back to shore. Information from Tony Pine, an original DJ and engineer of pirate radio. Found at gizmodo.com

The End Of Radio CarolineRadio Caroline was off and on different boats througout history. It first

ended in 1968 when their boat was towed back to the harbor for unpaid bills. The boat came back in the seventy’s but sank in a storm. Then, in 1983, they started back up on a new boat. By the 90’s it had sunk. Radio Caroline was a great radio station offshore and now has a station on the Internet.

Background Before Radio Caroline In the 1920’s the government in the United Kingdom decided that the radio was such a powerful means of mass communication that it has to be controlled by the state. So in 1927, The British Broadcasting Corporation was formed and they controlled the radio. They made everyone who possessed a radio pay a license fee to everyone who possessed a radio. The corporation was in charge of broadcasting news, speeches, lectures, educational matter, weather reports, concerts and theatrical entertainment. By 1930, there were five million radio sets in the UK. Almost all people listened to BBC but there was a demand for popular music, so the International Broadcasting Company was set up. It gave air time to overseas stations and broad casted popular programmes to the UK. These programmes were perfectly legal, which set BBC and the government off. The overseas stations began to become popular, and BBC kept trying to gain and keep their popularity.

Rock and roll was founded in the 50’s, in America, and was then modified by British artists. There were only two ways to listen to rock music at the time, on BBC, but only on Saturday afternoon, or on Radio Luxembourg, the only cross border to the UK that had been able to restart after the war in 1938. Marine Broadcasting Offences Act made pirate radio illegal in in the North Sea--from Channel Islands to Isle of Man. Radio Caroline retreated to the Netherlands but they soon ran out of money (HOW?) and they closed down

Radio Caroline LetterHello, My name is Rachel Van Boxtel, and I am a seventh grader at Eastern Middle School, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.A. I am working on a project for a nation-wide history competition called National History Day. I have chosen the topic of Pirate Radio in the United Kingdom in the 1960's. I am specifically interested in Radio Caroline, and I would like to ask you a few questions. First of all, how did Radio Caroline end? Was there an official lawsuit, or did you choose to end the radio station (if so, why)? Second, how and when was the MV Caroline wrecked? Also, what were the crew member’s concerns of the legal consequences of their actions? Finally, do you know any other people or resources that have more information about this topic? Thank you very much for your time. Sincerely,

Rachel Van Boxtel

Other Radio Station LettersHello, My name is Rachel Van Boxtel, and I am a seventh grader at Eastern Middle School, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.A. I am working on a project for a nation-wide history competition called National History Day. I have chosen the topic of Pirate Radio in the United Kingdom in the 1960's. But I would also like to do a portion of my project on neighboring countries and how they compare. I would like to ask you a few questions. First, what were the crew member’s concerns of the legal consequences of their actions? Second, what where the living conditions such as how many hours of sleep did you get, what where the food proportions, and what did you do for entertainment (other that broadcasting)?

Finally, do you know any other people or resources that have more information about this topic? Thank you very much for your time. Sincerely,Rachel Van Boxtel

When pirate radio began, it brought the Rolling Stones, The Who, The Beatles, The Animals, Small Faces, Kinks.

Pirate Radio UK Stations in OrderRadio CarolineRadio London

Radio ScotlandRadio 390

Radio England