ngfl cymru gcad floor coverings
TRANSCRIPT
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
The floor coverings discussed in this presentation relate only to commercial buildings.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Floor coverings can be considered to be of either an applied, in-situ or timber finish.
Applied finishes are derived from products such as:-
- Quarry or ceramic tiles.
- Linoleum.
- Carpet, whether on a roll or in tile form.
- Paint.
In-situ finishes are formed during construction. Examples are concrete floors commonly found in industrial warehouses.
Timber floors can be made from timber blocks, boards or sheet.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Quarry tiles are square in shape, and are manufactured from clay. They are impervious to water and spillage and are hard wearing.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Threshold strips are used to cover the interface between different floor coverings. The strip shown above is made from aluminium. The white coloured material between the tiles is known as grout.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Top image: quarry tiles being laid during the construction of a new building.
After being laid, the tiles are protected from damage as shown in the bottom image.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Ceramic tiles are manufactured from limestone, and are fired twice during the manufacturing process. The first firing forms the tile, and the second forms the tile’s surface to provide a finish.
The next slide shows ceramic tiles being laid.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
1
3
2
1) Adhesive spread on concrete floor.
2) Tile positioned in adhesive.
3) Excess adhesive wiped off
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Linoleum can be applied in either tile or sheet form.
Non-slip linoleum is suitable for areas such as shower rooms, service corridors, kitchens etc.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
In wet areas, such as showers or commercial kitchens, an upstand turns up vertically against a wall. The upstand prevents water from getting underneath, or behind the linoleum.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Where large areas of linoleum are laid, joints between sheets are heat welded together to form one continuous piece of linoleum.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Skirting boards can be sealed to provide a finish at the interface of linoleum and walls.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
To cover areas such as stairs, strips of linoleum are cut to shape as shown right.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Stair nosings (left) cover the edge of stair treads, and edge trims (right) cover the sides (known as the string). Stair nosings are of a different colour to that of the stair covering.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Right: powder coated stair nosings fitted to a staircase with quarry tiles.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.ukAbove: carpet tiles fitted in a modern office building
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Carpet tiles being laid on a raised floor. A water-based tackifier compound is laid on the raised floor 20 minutes before the carpet tiles are fitted. This does not adhere the tiles to the base, but will provide enough tack for the tiles stay in place.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Once new carpets are laid, they are sometimes covered for protection until the building is handed over to the owners. The above image shows recently-laid carpet tiles in a University building, a few weeks before handover.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Different coloured carpet tiles can be used to form walkways and access routes.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.ukLecture theatre being prepared for laying of carpet tiles.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.ukStair nosing being installed
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Carpet tiles laid around ventilation
ducts
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Adhesive is used to fix carpet
tiles.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
The carpet tile is then cut to the required size.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk Nosings are then fitted to the intersection of the step (going)
and the riser.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.ukCarpet tile fitting in a lecture theatre nearing completion.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
IN-SITU FINISHES
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.ukComposite steel and concrete floors are widely used.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Steel decking is fixed to a structural frame.
Steel mesh is laid on the steel deck.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Fresh concrete is placed around the mesh. The concrete is compacted to form a continuous structure.
Concrete compaction ensures that any air in the concrete is removed, and that the concrete attains full strength.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Once the concrete begins to harden (known as curing) a machine called a power float is used to smooth the surface of the concrete.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.ukConcrete floor after power floating
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Additives can be introduced into concrete to provide increased hardness to the surface. This technique is frequently used in factories and warehouses.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Specialist paint can be used on concrete to mark walkways, safe areas around machinery and storage areas.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Floor screed can also be used as a floor covering: a mixture of water, sand and cement forms screed – also known as ‘semi-dry.’ The minimum thickness required is 50mm.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
TIMBER FINISHES
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Areas such as mezzanine floors can be covered with medium density fibreboard.
FLOOR COVERINGS
NGfL CYMRU GCaD
www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk
Other areas can be covered with timber floor boards, which are fitted to joists.
FLOOR COVERINGS