nfpa 70e cai arc flash handouts rev 01

Arc Flash Handout 6/12/2013

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ARC FLASH TRAININGARC FLASH TRAINING

MERCED WASTE WATER TREATMENT MERCED WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITYFACILITY

Phase IV Upgrade and ExpansionPhase IV Upgrade and Expansion12 MGD Treatment Capacity12 MGD Treatment Capacity

Project 108073Project 108073

Jesse Cabellon, P.E.Jesse Cabellon, P.E. [email protected]@cabellon.com

Electrical SafetyElectrical SafetyWhy Electrical Safety Practices and Why Electrical Safety Practices and

Procedures?Procedures?

An estimated 30,000 nonAn estimated 30,000 non--fatal electrical shock fatal electrical shock accidents occur each year with 3,600 disabling accidents occur each year with 3,600 disabling injuriesinjuries

Over 600 people die from electrocution each yearOver 600 people die from electrocution each year

Electrocution remains the fourth (4th) highest Electrocution remains the fourth (4th) highest cause of industrial fatalitiescause of industrial fatalities

Approximately 3000 reported flash burn incidents Approximately 3000 reported flash burn incidents reported annually along with approximately 350 reported annually along with approximately 350 deathsdeaths


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Electrical SafetyElectrical Safety NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical

Safety in the WorkplaceSafety in the Workplace

Formally Formally Standard for Electrical Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Safety Requirements for Employee WorkplacesEmployee Workplaces

Began 1976 by NFPA to assist Began 1976 by NFPA to assist OSHAOSHA

Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards

ShockShock

Arc Flash and Arc Flash and Arc BlastArc Blast

Fire IgnitionFire Ignition


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The Other Electrical Hazard Arc flash:

High-intensity flash (eye damage)

Superheated ball of gas (skin burns and melting) created by electrical arcing

Accompanied by very loud noise

Molten metal

The Effects of ShockThe Effects of ShockImmediateImmediate

Muscle contractionMuscle contraction Vital organs (Heart, Lungs, etc.)Vital organs (Heart, Lungs, etc.) TinglingTingling PainPain BreathingBreathing DisorientationDisorientation DizzinessDizziness DeathDeath

Long termLong term

Memory LossMemory Loss Nervous disordersNervous disorders Chemical imbalancesChemical imbalances Damage to vital organsDamage to vital organs Sometimes Fatal Sometimes Fatal


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Effects of Current on the BodyEffects of Current on the BodyMenMen

Perception ThresholdPerception Threshold0.001 Amps (1 0.001 Amps (1 mAmA))

Painful ShockPainful Shock0.009 Amps (9 0.009 Amps (9 mAmA))

Cannot LetCannot Let--Go LevelGo Level0.010 Amps (10 0.010 Amps (10 mAmA) )

Ventricular FibrillationVentricular Fibrillation0.100 Amps (100 0.100 Amps (100 mAmA) 3 Seconds) 3 Seconds0.200 Amps (200 0.200 Amps (200 mAmA) 1 Second) 1 Second

Heart FailureHeart Failure0.5 Amps (500 0.5 Amps (500 mAmA))

Organ Burn and Cell BreakdownOrgan Burn and Cell Breakdown1.5 Amps (1500 1.5 Amps (1500 mAmA))

ElectrixcalElectrixcal Safety in the Safety in the worplaceworplace R. a. JonesR. a. Jones

WomenWomen

Perception ThresholdPerception Threshold0.0007 Amps (0.7 0.0007 Amps (0.7 mAmA))

Painful ShockPainful Shock0.006 Amps (6 0.006 Amps (6 mAmA) )

Cannot LetCannot Let--Go LevelGo Level0.010 Amps (10 0.010 Amps (10 mAmA) )

Ventricular FibrillationVentricular Fibrillation0.100 Amps (100 0.100 Amps (100 mAmA) 3 Seconds) 3 Seconds0.200 Amps (200 0.200 Amps (200 mAmA) 1 Second) 1 Second

Heart FailureHeart Failure0.5 Amps (500 0.5 Amps (500 mAmA))

Organ Burn and Cell BreakdownOrgan Burn and Cell Breakdown1.5 Amps (1500 1.5 Amps (1500 mAmA))

Resistance and the bodyResistance and the body

The body has a natural The body has a natural defense system (Skin)defense system (Skin)

Why 50 volts?Why 50 volts?

How can you raise body How can you raise body resistance?resistance?

The key to survival is The key to survival is decrease our exposure. decrease our exposure.

OhmOhms Law for Electric current (amps), s Law for Electric current (amps), voltage and Body Resistancevoltage and Body Resistance

The typical body has a contact The typical body has a contact resistance of 500 ohms at the point of resistance of 500 ohms at the point of contact with the electrical source. contact with the electrical source.

The body has an internal resistance of The body has an internal resistance of approximately 100 ohms. approximately 100 ohms.

There is another point of contact to There is another point of contact to ground of 5000 ohms. ground of 5000 ohms.

120v / (500120v / (500+ 100+ 100+ 5000+ 5000) = 21mA) = 21mA50v / (50050v / (500+ 100+ 100+ 5000+ 5000) = 8.9 ) = 8.9 mAmA

It is around 10 It is around 10 mAmA that the that the cannot let cannot let gogo level is reached. Once this is level is reached. Once this is reached, exposure time is increased reached, exposure time is increased and the possibility of electrocution may and the possibility of electrocution may occur.occur.


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Resistance and the body Resistance and the body Two Types of BurnsTwo Types of Burns

Surface BurnsSurface Burns

Caused by exposure to Caused by exposure to the arc flash the arc flash

Can cause more surface Can cause more surface burns if the initial arc burns if the initial arc flash ignites other flash ignites other material such as clothingmaterial such as clothing

1st degree to 3rd degree1st degree to 3rd degree It has and may cause It has and may cause

death death

Internal Tissue BurnsInternal Tissue Burns

Caused by current flowing Caused by current flowing through organs of the bodythrough organs of the body

Caused by currents in Caused by currents in excess of 1.5 ampsexcess of 1.5 amps

4th degree (internal)4th degree (internal) Internal organsInternal organs Typically fatal Typically fatal

One Type of Burn from Arc FlashOne Type of Burn from Arc Flash

Surface BurnsSurface Burns

Caused by exposure to the arc Caused by exposure to the arc flash flash

Can cause more surface burns if Can cause more surface burns if the initial arc flash ignites other the initial arc flash ignites other material such as clothingmaterial such as clothing

1st degree to 3rd degree1st degree to 3rd degree

It has and may cause death!It has and may cause death!


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How to prevent Shock?How to prevent Shock?

1.1. Place Circuits in an Electrically Safe Place Circuits in an Electrically Safe Working Conditions by Locking Out Working Conditions by Locking Out and Tagging Out all sources and Tagging Out all sources (LOTO)(LOTO)

Chapter 1, Section 120.2(D) of NFPA 70EChapter 1, Section 120.2(D) of NFPA 70E

2.2. Verifying that no electrical energy is Verifying that no electrical energy is present present

Chapter 1, Section 120.2(D) of NFPAChapter 1, Section 120.2(D) of NFPA 70E70E

Fire Ignition from Arc Flash FireFire Ignition from Arc Flash Fire

The original and primary mission of The original and primary mission of the NFPAthe NFPA Primarily covered by installation standards Primarily covered by installation standards

contained in the National Electric Codecontained in the National Electric Code--NFPA 70NFPA 70 The incidence of fire ignition has dropped The incidence of fire ignition has dropped

dramatically since the advent of the NEC and the dramatically since the advent of the NEC and the acceptance of installation requirements within the acceptance of installation requirements within the industry. industry.

The NFPA 70 The NFPA 70 -- NEC NEC does not address the other hazards of electricity does not address the other hazards of electricity


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Exposure to DangerExposure to Danger

The National Electric Code The National Electric Code protects individuals from protects individuals from shock hazards under normal shock hazards under normal conditions.conditions.

It is not designed to protect It is not designed to protect us from abnormal conditions.us from abnormal conditions.

We need additional policies We need additional policies to protect from abnormal to protect from abnormal conditionsconditions

ConditionsConditions Normal ConditionsNormal Conditions

Panel covers in placePanel covers in place Equipment plugged in Equipment plugged in

normallynormally Normal, designed Normal, designed

protection in placeprotection in place

Abnormal ConditionsAbnormal Conditions Panel covers removed.Panel covers removed. Equipment temporarily Equipment temporarily

wiredwired Damaged or Faulty Damaged or Faulty

EquipmentEquipment Normal designed Normal designed

protection such as protection such as guards, limits guards, limits switches, etc. not in switches, etc. not in placeplace


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Protection from Abnormal ConditionsProtection from Abnormal Conditions

The CompanyThe Company

OSHAOSHA NFPA 70 ENFPA 70 E Electrical Safety Electrical Safety

Procedures ManualProcedures Manual Electrical Safety Electrical Safety

Training Training

YouYou

The first line of defenseThe first line of defense Only you can truly keep Only you can truly keep

you safeyou safe Implement Safety Implement Safety

Procedures Outlined in Procedures Outlined in Safety ManualSafety Manual

Only you can ensure Only you can ensure that you go home at that you go home at night night

Causes of Arc Flash Accidents Dust, impurities, and corrosion at contact surfaces Dust, impurities,

and corrosion at contact surfaces Produces heat, loosening contact and creating sparks Sparks start arcs

Sparks produced during Racking of breakers Replacement of fuses Breakers/fuses closing into faulted lines

Failure of insulating materials

Snapping of leads at connections due to human, rodents or birds rodents or birds

Accidental touching / dropping of tools, nuts-bolts, or bolts, or metal parts


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Old School Old School

We are taught to recognized the shock We are taught to recognized the shock hazards of electricity : hazards of electricity :

To consider circuits to be energizedTo consider circuits to be energized To insulate and protect ourselvesTo insulate and protect ourselves Stand to one side if you suspect an arc flash/blastStand to one side if you suspect an arc flash/blast Use your left hand and turn away from operating Use your left hand and turn away from operating

handlehandle

New SchoolNew School Arc Flash and Blast hazards were not formally Arc Flash and Blast hazards were not formally

studied until 1993 (IEEE 1584 began study)studied until 1993 (IEEE 1584 began study)

Electricians have not experienced arc flash and Electricians have not experienced arc flash and blasts to the same frequency as electrical blasts to the same frequency as electrical shock.shock.

We have not been trained how to avoid and We have not been trained how to avoid and minimize arc flash and blasts in the past. minimize arc flash and blasts in the past.

The Electrical Energized Work Practices outlined The Electrical Energized Work Practices outlined in NFPA 70E incorporates measures to help in NFPA 70E incorporates measures to help avoid or minimize damage from arc flash. avoid or minimize damage from arc flash.


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Electric arcs produce the highest temperatures on Electric arcs produce the highest temperatures on earth earth up to 35,000 degrees Fahrenheit (4 x up to 35,000 degrees Fahrenheit (4 x temp of the sun)temp of the sun)

The intense heat from arc causes the sudden The intense heat from arc causes the sudden expansion of air that results in a blast with very expansion of air that results in a blast with very strong air pressure (Lightning is a natural arc).strong air pressure (Lightning is a natural arc).

All known materials are vaporized at this All known materials are vaporized at this temperature. (Copper expands 67,000 times, temperature. (Copper expands 67,000 times, Water 1670 times).Water 1670 times).

NOTES ARE FROM NOTES ARE FROM Practical Solution Guide to Arc FlNOTES ARE FROM NOTES ARE FROM Practical Solution Guide to Arc Flash Hazardsash Hazards

Arcs in enclosures, such as a Motor Control Arcs in enclosures, such as a Motor Control Centers (Centers (MCCsMCCs) or switchgear, magnify blast and ) or switchgear, magnify blast and energy transmitted as the blast is forced to the energy transmitted as the blast is forced to the open side of the enclosure.open side of the enclosure.

Arcs spray droplets of molten metal at highArcs spray droplets of molten metal at high--speed speed pressure. Blast shrapnel can penetrate the body.pressure. Blast shrapnel can penetrate the body.

Blast pressure waves have thrown workers across Blast pressure waves have thrown workers across rooms and knocked them off ladders. Pressure on rooms and knocked them off ladders. Pressure on the chest can be higher than 2000 lbs/ sq. ft. the chest can be higher than 2000 lbs/ sq. ft.


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Clothing can be ignited several feet away Clothing can be ignited several feet away unless flameunless flame--resistant clothing is used.resistant clothing is used.

Hearing loss from sound blast. The sound Hearing loss from sound blast. The sound can have a magnitude as high as 140 dB can have a magnitude as high as 140 dB at a distance of 2 feet from the arc.at a distance of 2 feet from the arc.

Energy released is a function of:Energy released is a function of: system voltagesystem voltage fault current magnitudefault current magnitude fault durationfault duration

Practical Solution Guide to Arc Flash HazardsPractical Solution Guide to Arc Flash Hazards, , By By ByBy Chet Davis, Chet Davis, P.E.;P.E.;etet alal

How to protect against Shock and Arc Flash/Blast?How to protect against Shock and Arc Flash/Blast?

1. Justification for Live Work1. Justification for Live Work2. Work Permits Secured if 2. Work Permits Secured if

Applicable Applicable 3. Approach Boundaries Established 3. Approach Boundaries Established

A. Shock Protection A. Shock Protection a. Limited Boundary a. Limited Boundary b. Restricted Boundary b. Restricted Boundary c. Prohibited Boundary c. Prohibited Boundary

B. Flash ProtectionB. Flash Protection ONE ONE BOUNDARY BOUNDARY


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Approach BoundariesApproach Boundaries

Approach BoundariesApproach BoundariesNPFA 70ENPFA 70E--2004 Ch. 1, Section 130.2 p242004 Ch. 1, Section 130.2 p24--2525

Flash Protection BoundaryFlash Protection Boundarylinear distance to prevent any more linear distance to prevent any more than 2than 2ndnd degree burns from a degree burns from a potential arcpotential arc--flash (flash (Typically 4 feetTypically 4 feet))

Limited Approach BoundaryLimited Approach Boundaryentered only by qualified persons or entered only by qualified persons or unqualified persons that have been unqualified persons that have been advised and are escorted by a advised and are escorted by a qualified personqualified person

Restricted Approach BoundaryRestricted Approach Boundaryentered only by qualified persons entered only by qualified persons required to use shock protection required to use shock protection techniques and PPEtechniques and PPE

Prohibited Approach BoundaryProhibited Approach Boundaryentered only by qualified persons entered only by qualified persons requiring same protection as if requiring same protection as if direct contact with live part direct contact with live part


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SHOCK Hazard AnalysisSHOCK Hazard AnalysisHow to Comply with NFPA 70E?How to Comply with NFPA 70E?

1.1. Determine the Operating Voltage.Determine the Operating Voltage.

2.2. Determine the Three Shock Protection BoundariesDetermine the Three Shock Protection Boundaries by by usingusingTable 130.2(C) of NPFA 70ETable 130.2(C) of NPFA 70E

a.a. Limited Approach BoundaryLimited Approach Boundary 10 ft for 480 V for movable energized object10 ft for 480 V for movable energized object 3 ft 6 in. for fixed energized object3 ft 6 in. for fixed energized object

b.b. Restricted Approach BoundaryRestricted Approach Boundary 12 in. for 480 V12 in. for 480 V

c.c. Prohibited Approach BoundaryProhibited Approach Boundary 1 in. for 480 V1 in. for 480 V

SHOCK Hazard AnalysisSHOCK Hazard Analysis

3.3. Determine the Personnel Protective Determine the Personnel Protective Equipment :Equipment :

Use Voltage Rated Gloves rated greater or Use Voltage Rated Gloves rated greater or equal to the voltage of the systemequal to the voltage of the system

Use Voltage Rated Tools rated greater or equal Use Voltage Rated Tools rated greater or equal to the voltage of the systemto the voltage of the system


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Flash Hazard Flash Hazard Ch. 1, Sec. 130.3 Flash Hazard Analysis. Ch. 1, Sec. 130.3 Flash Hazard Analysis.

A flash hazard analysis shall be done in order to protect A flash hazard analysis shall be done in order to protect personnel from the possibility of being injured by an arc personnel from the possibility of being injured by an arc flash. The analysis shall determine the Flash Protection flash. The analysis shall determine the Flash Protection Boundary and the personal protective equipment that Boundary and the personal protective equipment that people within the Flash Protection Boundary shall use.people within the Flash Protection Boundary shall use.

How to Comply with NFPA 70E for FLASH Protection?How to Comply with NFPA 70E for FLASH Protection?

1.Determine the Flash Protection Boundary1.Determine the Flash Protection Boundary2.Determine the incident energy exposure level2.Determine the incident energy exposure level3.Determine the Protective Clothing and PPE3.Determine the Protective Clothing and PPE


1.1. Determine Flash Protection Boundary:Determine Flash Protection Boundary:

Calculate using the Calculate using the IIShortShort--Circuit Amperes Circuit Amperes & the clearing time & the clearing time for the for the overcurrentovercurrent protectionprotection(see Formula below & on Page 25 of NFPA 70E(see Formula below & on Page 25 of NFPA 70E--20042004

OR default to four feet 600 V or less @ 300 kA cycles OR default to four feet 600 V or less @ 300 kA cycles per 130.3(A) of NFPA 70Eper 130.3(A) of NFPA 70E--2004)2004)

Flash Protection Boundary FormulaFlash Protection Boundary Formula (600 V or less) (600 V or less) DC= [53 x MVA x t] 1/2where Dc = Arc Flash DC= [53 x MVA x t] 1/2where Dc = Arc Flash Boundary (AFB) in Boundary (AFB) in FeetMVAFeetMVA = Transformer capacity in = Transformer capacity in MVAtMVAt= clearing time in seconds = clearing time in seconds

Second Degree Burn Threshold1.2 cal/cm1.2 cal/cm2Second Degree Burn Threshold1.2 cal/cm1.2 cal/cm2


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2.2.Determine the Incident Energy Level:Determine the Incident Energy Level:

Calculate incident energy exposure level for the distance Calculate incident energy exposure level for the distance between workerbetween workers face & chest from the potential arc source s face & chest from the potential arc source (18(18 typical) typical)

OR use 130.7(C)(9) and 130.7(C)(10)OR use 130.7(C)(9) and 130.7(C)(10)

Incident energy formula for Arc in a Cubic Box :Incident energy formula for Arc in a Cubic Box :

EEMBMB= 1038.7D= 1038.7DAA--1.4738t1.4738tAA[0.0093F[0.0093F220.3453F + 5.9675]0.3453F + 5.9675]

Where Where EEMBMB= cal/cm2in 20 inch Cubic Box= cal/cm2in 20 inch Cubic BoxDDAA= distance from electrode in inches (typically this value would= distance from electrode in inches (typically this value would be 18be 18))ttAA= clearing time= clearing timeF= F= IIshortshort--CircuitCircuit Amperes available (range of 16 kA to 50 kA)Amperes available (range of 16 kA to 50 kA)


3. Determine the Proper PPE:3. Determine the Proper PPE:

Once the incident energy is determined, the PPE Once the incident energy is determined, the PPE has to have a rating equal to or greater than the has to have a rating equal to or greater than the incident energy available incident energy available

See 130.7(C)(11). See 130.7(C)(11).

If the alternate method is used:If the alternate method is used:Use 130.7(C)(9) for the task, then the proper PPE Use 130.7(C)(9) for the task, then the proper PPE is selected from 130.7(C)(10) of NFPA 70Eis selected from 130.7(C)(10) of NFPA 70E--2004. 2004.


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Required PPE 480 VRequired PPE 480 V

Worker also Worker also require eye and require eye and hearing hearing protection to be protection to be worn under the worn under the doubledouble--layer layer switching hoodswitching hood

Flash Hazard Analysis ExamplesFlash Hazard Analysis ExamplesExample 1Example 1 --An Electrician is to remove the covers to measure the An Electrician is to remove the covers to measure the

voltage on a voltage on a panelboardpanelboard operating at 480 V. operating at 480 V.

Table 130.7(C)(9)Table 130.7(C)(9)Hazard Risk Category (HRC)= 2Hazard Risk Category (HRC)= 2(V(V--Rated Gloves and VRated Gloves and V--Rated Tools Required )Rated Tools Required )

Table 130.7(C)(10)Table 130.7(C)(10) Specifies the following Required:Specifies the following Required: Untreated Natural Fiber TUntreated Natural Fiber T--Shirt & UndergarmentsShirt & Undergarments FR (8 cal/cm2) Long Sleeve Shirt & PantsFR (8 cal/cm2) Long Sleeve Shirt & Pants Hard HatHard Hat Safety Glasses or Safety GogglesSafety Glasses or Safety Goggles ArcArc--Rated Face Shield w/ Flash Hood or Tube Sock (Balaclava)Rated Face Shield w/ Flash Hood or Tube Sock (Balaclava) Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection Leather GlovesLeather Gloves Leather Work ShoesLeather Work Shoes

ELECTRICAL HOT WORK PERMIT REQUIRED? (ELECTRICAL HOT WORK PERMIT REQUIRED? (AnsAns: NO): NO)


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Circuit Breaker OperationCircuit Breaker OperationWith Panel Cover With Panel Cover


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Flash Hazard Analysis ExamplesFlash Hazard Analysis ExamplesExample 3Example 3 --An electrician is to operate a circuit breaker in the main An electrician is to operate a circuit breaker in the main

switchgear (with some of the covers removed from the switchgear)switchgear (with some of the covers removed from the switchgear) to deto de--energize a circuit that is operating at 480 V for lockout energize a circuit that is operating at 480 V for lockout tagouttagout. .

Table 130.7(C)(9)Table 130.7(C)(9)Hazard Risk Category (HRC) = 1Hazard Risk Category (HRC) = 1(No V(No V--Rated Gloves & No VRated Gloves & No V--Rated Tools Required )Rated Tools Required )

Table 130.7(C)(10)Table 130.7(C)(10) Specifies the following Required:Specifies the following Required: Untreated Natural Fiber pantsUntreated Natural Fiber pants FR pants and long sleeve shirtFR pants and long sleeve shirt Hard HatHard Hat Safety GlassesSafety Glasses

NEXT STEP IS TO VERIFY VOLTAGE IS OFF!NEXT STEP IS TO VERIFY VOLTAGE IS OFF!

Electrician goes to machine disconnect to open and test for presElectrician goes to machine disconnect to open and test for presence of voltage What ence of voltage What is the HRC level? (is the HRC level? (AnsAns: 2*): 2*)


Flash Hazard Analysis ExamplesFlash Hazard Analysis Examples

Example 4Example 4 --An electrician is to remove the covers on a An electrician is to remove the covers on a panelboardpanelboard to troubleshoot a 20 A lighting circuit that is not to troubleshoot a 20 A lighting circuit that is not working. The circuit is operating at 208/120 V. working. The circuit is operating at 208/120 V.

Table 130.7(C)(9)Table 130.7(C)(9)Hazard Risk Category (HRC) = 1Hazard Risk Category (HRC) = 1(V(V--Rated Gloves & VRated Gloves & V--Rated Tools Required )Rated Tools Required )

Table 130.7(C)(10)Table 130.7(C)(10) Specifies the following Required:Specifies the following Required: Untreated Natural Fiber pantsUntreated Natural Fiber pants FR pants and long sleeve shirtFR pants and long sleeve shirt Hard HatHard Hat Safety GlassesSafety Glasses



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Flash Hazard Analysis ExamplesFlash Hazard Analysis Examples

Example 5Example 5 --An electrician is to install a 100 A, 480 V IAn electrician is to install a 100 A, 480 V I--Line circuit breaker Line circuit breaker on a on a panelboardpanelboard for a new machine. If the panel is shutdown, all the for a new machine. If the panel is shutdown, all the lines will stop and the warehouse will be without lighting.lines will stop and the warehouse will be without lighting.

Table 130.7(C)(9)Table 130.7(C)(9)Hazard Risk Category (HRC) = 2*Hazard Risk Category (HRC) = 2*(V(V--Rated Gloves & VRated Gloves & V--Rated Tools Required )Rated Tools Required )

Table 130.7(C)(10)Table 130.7(C)(10) Specifies the following Required:Specifies the following Required:

Untreated Natural Fiber TUntreated Natural Fiber T--Shirt & UndergarmentsShirt & Undergarments FR (8 cal/cm2) Long Sleeve Shirt & PantsFR (8 cal/cm2) Long Sleeve Shirt & Pants Hard HatHard Hat Safety Glasses or Safety GogglesSafety Glasses or Safety Goggles ArcArc--Rated Face Shield w/ Flash Hood or Tube Sock (Balaclava)Rated Face Shield w/ Flash Hood or Tube Sock (Balaclava) Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection Leather GlovesLeather Gloves Leather Work ShoesLeather Work Shoes

ELECTRICAL HOT WORK PERMIT REQUIRED? (ELECTRICAL HOT WORK PERMIT REQUIRED? (AnsAns: YES): YES)

NEC Requires Arc Flash Hazard NEC Requires Arc Flash Hazard LabelsLabels

Section 110.16Section 110.16

110.16 Flash Protection110.16 Flash Protection. .

Switchboards, panel boards, industrial Switchboards, panel boards, industrial control panels, and motor control centers in control panels, and motor control centers in other than dwelling occupancies, that are other than dwelling occupancies, that are likely to require examination, adjustment, likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized, servicing, or maintenance while energized, shall be field marked to warn qualified shall be field marked to warn qualified persons of potential electric arc flash persons of potential electric arc flash hazards. The marking shall be located so as hazards. The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible to qualified persons to be clearly visible to qualified persons before examination, adjustment, servicing, before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment. or maintenance of the equipment.

FPN No. 1: NFPA 70EFPN No. 1: NFPA 70E--2009, Standard for 2009, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, provides Electrical Safety in the Workplace, provides assistance in determining severity of assistance in determining severity of potential exposure, planning safe work potential exposure, planning safe work practices, and selecting personal protective practices, and selecting personal protective equipment.equipment.

FPN No. 2: ANSI Z535.4FPN No. 2: ANSI Z535.4--1998, Product Safety 1998, Product Safety Signs and Labels, provides guidelines for the Signs and Labels, provides guidelines for the design of safety signs and labels for design of safety signs and labels for application to products.application to products.


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Steps to Arc Flash SafetySteps to Arc Flash Safety Step IStep I Site Assessment and Electrical System Site Assessment and Electrical System

Data GatheringData Gathering

Step IIStep II ShortShort--Circuit and Protective Device Circuit and Protective Device Coordination Studies and Arc Flash AnalysisCoordination Studies and Arc Flash Analysis

Step IIIStep III Electrical Safe Work Practices Program Electrical Safe Work Practices Program Planning and Labeling of Electrical Panels, Planning and Labeling of Electrical Panels, MCCsMCCs, , and Switchgearand Switchgear

Step IVStep IV Electrical Safe Work Practices TrainingElectrical Safe Work Practices Training

Step IStep I Site Assessment and Electrical Site Assessment and Electrical System Data GatheringSystem Data Gathering

Single Line Drawing of FacilitySingle Line Drawing of Facility Scope of WorkScope of Work Electrical Equipment Data Required Electrical Equipment Data Required Electrical Utility Short Circuit ContributionElectrical Utility Short Circuit Contribution


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Step IIStep II ShortShort--Circuit and Protective Circuit and Protective Device Coordination Studies and Arc Flash Device Coordination Studies and Arc Flash AnalysisAnalysis

Short Circuit StudyShort Circuit Study Protective Device Coordination StudyProtective Device Coordination Study Arc Flash AnalysisArc Flash Analysis

Computerized Program by SKM Power ToolsComputerized Program by SKM Power Tools

TYPICALTYPICALSingle LineSingle Line

Short Circuit StudyShort Circuit Study

Determine the Determine the available available IscIsc at at equipmentequipment


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Protective Device CoordinationProtective Device Coordination


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Arc Flash LabelsArc Flash Labels


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Step IIIStep III Electrical Safe Work Practices, Electrical Safe Work Practices, Program Planning and Labeling of Program Planning and Labeling of Electrical Panels, Electrical Panels, MCCMCCss, and Switchgear , and Switchgear

Develop Electrical Procedures Develop Electrical Procedures Label EquipmentLabel Equipment Single LineSingle Line Arc Flash Evaluation IEEE 1584 Bus Arc Flash Evaluation IEEE 1584 Bus

ReportReport

Step IVStep IV Electrical Safe Work Practices Electrical Safe Work Practices TrainingTraining

Develop Electrical ProceduresDevelop Electrical Procedures Lockout/Lockout/TagoutTagout Personnel Protective EquipmentPersonnel Protective Equipment Proper ToolsProper Tools Reference ManualsReference Manuals

NFPA 70E with Arc Flash NFPA 70E with Arc Flash NETA Safety bookNETA Safety book OSHA Standard Arc Flash ManualOSHA Standard Arc Flash Manual


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What Are the OSHA Regulations and NFPA 70E What Are the OSHA Regulations and NFPA 70E Requirements for Working on Requirements for Working on LiveLive Equipment?Equipment?

ShallShall HowHow

What OSHA StandardsOSHA Address Electrical Safety?

OSHAs general industry electrical safety standards are published in

Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 1910.302 through 1910.308 Design Safety Standards for Electrical Systems, and 1910.331 through 1910.335 Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices Standards.

Title 8 Cal OSHA

OSHA also has electrical safety standards for the construction industry, in 29 CRF 1926, Subpart K. OSHAs standards for marine terminals, in 29 CFR 1917, and for longshoring, in 29 CFR 1918, reference the general industry electrical standards in Subpart S of Part 1910. The shipyard standards, in 29 CFR 1915, cover limited electrical safety work practices in 29 CFR 1915.181.


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Safety in WorkplaceSafety in WorkplaceOSHA 1910.333 (a) (1) & NFPA 70E 130.1OSHA 1910.333 (a) (1) & NFPA 70E 130.1

Qualified electrical workers shall not be asked to Qualified electrical workers shall not be asked to work on equipment that is work on equipment that is hothot or or livelive except except for two demonstrable reasons:for two demonstrable reasons:

1.1. DeDe--energizing introduces additional or increased energizing introduces additional or increased hazards e.g.hazards e.g. cutting ventilation to a hazardous locationcutting ventilation to a hazardous location emergency alarm systems oremergency alarm systems or

2.2. Infeasible due to equipment design or operational Infeasible due to equipment design or operational limitations e.g.limitations e.g. voltage testing for diagnosticsvoltage testing for diagnostics start up testingstart up testing

Safety Related Work PracticesSafety Related Work Practices1910.333 Selection & use of work practices1910.333 Selection & use of work practices

(a) General. (a) General.

SafetySafety--related work practices shall be employed to prevent related work practices shall be employed to prevent electric shock or other injuries resulting from either direct electric shock or other injuries resulting from either direct or indirect electrical contact, when work is performed near or indirect electrical contact, when work is performed near or on equipment or circuits which are or may be energized. or on equipment or circuits which are or may be energized. The specific safetyThe specific safety--related work practices shall be related work practices shall be consistent with the nature and extent of the associated consistent with the nature and extent of the associated electrical hazardselectrical hazards


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Safety Related Work PracticesSafety Related Work Practices1910.335 Safe guards for personnel protection1910.335 Safe guards for personnel protection

(a) (2) (B) (ii) (a) (2) (B) (ii)

Protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating Protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating materials shall be used to protect each employee from materials shall be used to protect each employee from shock, burns, or other electrically related injuries while that shock, burns, or other electrically related injuries while that employee is working near exposed energized parts which employee is working near exposed energized parts which might be accidentally contacted or where dangerous electric might be accidentally contacted or where dangerous electric heating or arcing might occur. heating or arcing might occur.

WhoWhos Responsible for Safety?s Responsible for Safety?

The EmployerThe Employeris responsible for OSHA requirements Electrical Safety is responsible for OSHA requirements Electrical Safety Program Safety Policies and Procedures Safety Training Program Safety Policies and Procedures Safety Training and Retrainingand Retraining

The EmployeeThe Employeeis responsible for Implementing procedures [NFPA 70Eis responsible for Implementing procedures [NFPA 70E--110.3(B)] 110.3(B)]

The Owner and ContractorsThe Owner and Contractorsare both responsible to Coordinate and Document are both responsible to Coordinate and Document Hazards and Safety Procedures Hazards and Safety Procedures

Contractors on working site [NFPA 70EContractors on working site [NFPA 70E--110.4(B)] 110.4(B)]


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How can OSHA regulations today affect How can OSHA regulations today affect your work as an electricianyour work as an electrician? ?

The NFPA 70E was originally developed at OSHAThe NFPA 70E was originally developed at OSHAs request s request to address electrical hazards in the workplace. OSHA bases to address electrical hazards in the workplace. OSHA bases its electrical safety requirements on the comprehensive its electrical safety requirements on the comprehensive information in NFPA 70E. Even though OSHA does not information in NFPA 70E. Even though OSHA does not mandate compliance with NFPA 70E itself, it considers NFPA mandate compliance with NFPA 70E itself, it considers NFPA 70E to be an effective 70E to be an effective howhow--to manualto manual for OSHA regulation for OSHA regulation compliance. compliance.

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132(d) (1) requires employers to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132(d) (1) requires employers to evaluate the workplace for hazards. And based on these evaluate the workplace for hazards. And based on these assessments, the employer must select and require the use assessments, the employer must select and require the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for its of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for its employees. employees.

Employers shall provide a Employers shall provide a safe environment.safe environment.

OSHA uses OSHA uses General Duty ClauseGeneral Duty Clause for the for the enforcement of safety on the job site.enforcement of safety on the job site.

Section 5(a) (1) of the WilliamsSection 5(a) (1) of the Williams--SteigerSteiger Occupational Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 Safety and Health Act of 1970

A. Each EmployerA. Each Employer: : Shall furnish to each of his employees employment Shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or likely to cause recognized hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees; death or serious physical harm to his employees; Shall comply with occupational safety and health Shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act. standards promulgated under this Act.

B. Each employeeB. Each employeeShall comply with occupational safety and health Shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations and orders issued standards and all rules, regulations and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.actions and conduct.


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Why NFPA 70E and Arc Flash Safety?Why NFPA 70E and Arc Flash Safety? OSHA has not OSHA has not adoptedadopted NFPA 70E simply because adoption would NFPA 70E simply because adoption would

require a lengthy and expensive process require a lengthy and expensive process

OSHA has instead referenced compliance to NFPA 70E using SectionOSHA has instead referenced compliance to NFPA 70E using Section 5(a) 5(a) (1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, commonly (1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, commonly referred to as the referred to as the general duty clause,general duty clause, as their basis for as their basis for implementation. implementation.

NFPA 70E NFPA 70E The The Industry Consensus StandardIndustry Consensus Standard

NFPA 70E compliance for an employer involves putting an electricNFPA 70E compliance for an employer involves putting an electrical al safety program in place, which will identify and analyze electrisafety program in place, which will identify and analyze electrical cal hazards in the workplace, educate the workforce on those hazardshazards in the workplace, educate the workforce on those hazards, , require the use of appropriate PPE, and implement warning labelsrequire the use of appropriate PPE, and implement warning labelsand guards to protect the workers.and guards to protect the workers.

An employer that fails to implement NFPA 70E could have a hard An employer that fails to implement NFPA 70E could have a hard time proving that it exercised due diligence after an electricaltime proving that it exercised due diligence after an electricalaccident if adherence to NFPA 70E standards would have preventedaccident if adherence to NFPA 70E standards would have preventedthe accident. the accident.

How an employer can be cited for violationHow an employer can be cited for violation

If the following elements are present, a If the following elements are present, a general duty general duty clauseclause citation may be issued to an employer.citation may be issued to an employer.

1.1. The employers failed to keep the workplace free of The employers failed to keep the workplace free of a hazard to which employees of that employer or a hazard to which employees of that employer or were exposed.were exposed.

2.2. The hazard was recognized.The hazard was recognized.

3.3. The hazard was causing or was likely to cause The hazard was causing or was likely to cause death or serious physical harm.death or serious physical harm.

4.4. There was a feasible and useful method to correct There was a feasible and useful method to correct the hazard.the hazard.


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What OSHA says to wear What OSHA says to wear -- PPEPPEArticle 1910.132Article 1910.132 Personal protective equipment and their requirementsPersonal protective equipment and their requirements

Application. Protective equipment, including personal protectiveApplication. Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for equipment for eyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing, respirateyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices, and ory devices, and protective shields and barriers, shall be provided, used, and maprotective shields and barriers, shall be provided, used, and maintained in a intained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary by reassanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards on of hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazaof processes or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or rds, or mechanical irritants encountered in a manner capable of causing mechanical irritants encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorimpairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, ption, inhalation or physical contact.inhalation or physical contact.

Article 1910.135.Article 1910.135. Safeguards for personal protectionSafeguards for personal protection

Article 1910.135(a) (1) the employer shall ensure that each affeArticle 1910.135(a) (1) the employer shall ensure that each affected employee cted employee wears a protective helmet when working in areas where there is awears a protective helmet when working in areas where there is a potential for potential for injury to the head from falling objects.injury to the head from falling objects.

Article 1910.135(a) (2) The employer shall ensure that a protectArticle 1910.135(a) (2) The employer shall ensure that a protective helmet ive helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard is worn by each such designed to reduce electrical shock hazard is worn by each such affected affected employee when near exposed electrical conductors which could conemployee when near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the tact the head.head.

ANSI Z89.1 standard, Class E hard hat, 20kVANSI Z89.1 standard, Class E hard hat, 20kV

The failure to adequately provide needed PPE could easily lead tThe failure to adequately provide needed PPE could easily lead to a general o a general duty clause citation.duty clause citation.

Proper Safety Procedures Proper Safety Procedures Can Save Your and Other PeopleCan Save Your and Other Peoples Lives!s Lives!


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Safety First

Personnel that are Trained in CPR should be identified and available when working near or on energized parts.

The first step must be to TURN THE POWER OFF

Electrical AccidentSteps to Take

Remove the Immediate Hazard: turn Off the Power

Remember that Speed is Essential

Extinguish flames

Call for Help (911)

Begin CPR & First Aid

First Aid

Cool the burn with water Do not attempt to remove

burned clothing Elevate burned limbs Handle the victim with

care Treat for shock Maintain body temperature Do not give anything by

mouth


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C P R

Personnel that work near or on electrically energized parts should be trained in CPR.

The use of Automatic Electronic Defibrillator (AED) is recommended.

SummarySummary Do an arc flash hazard analysis, and Do an arc flash hazard analysis, and

document the incident energy exposuredocument the incident energy exposure

IEEE 1584IEEE 1584 SKM (Arc Flash Evaluation Module)SKM (Arc Flash Evaluation Module) ArcProArcPro SoftwareSoftware

As an alternate, use the As an alternate, use the Hazard Risk Hazard Risk Category ClassificationsCategory Classifications table to choose table to choose the PPE level required for the taskthe PPE level required for the task


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Methods of Reducing Hazard RiskMethods of Reducing Hazard Risk

Specifying Current Limiting Fuses on Low Voltage Specifying Current Limiting Fuses on Low Voltage Switchgear BreakersSwitchgear Breakers

Specifying ARC Resistance Medium Voltage Specifying ARC Resistance Medium Voltage SwitchgearSwitchgear

Remote Control of Switchgear BreakersRemote Control of Switchgear Breakers

High Resistance Grounding on Low Voltage and High Resistance Grounding on Low Voltage and Medium Voltage (15kV and below) SystemsMedium Voltage (15kV and below) Systems

Reducing the RISKReducing the RISK

Preventive maintenance to minimize arc Preventive maintenance to minimize arc flash potentialflash potential

Work HOT only when unavoidable and Work HOT only when unavoidable and only under permitonly under permit

Wear all PPE RequiredWear all PPE Required

NFPA 70E Tables must be used until NFPA 70E Tables must be used until calculation is performedcalculation is performed


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Panels rated 208 V or less may not require Panels rated 208 V or less may not require protective clothing, but verify with arc protective clothing, but verify with arc flash analysisflash analysis

Analyze all locations where workers are Analyze all locations where workers are exposedexposed

Identify circuits to reduce fault currentIdentify circuits to reduce fault current

Circuit Breaker OperationCircuit Breaker OperationWith Cover (With Cover (


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Compliance withCompliance with

NEC labeling requirementsNEC labeling requirements

NFPA 70E for PPE requirementsNFPA 70E for PPE requirements

Establish procedures (Electrical Hot Establish procedures (Electrical Hot Work Permit)Work Permit)

Compliance withCompliance with

NEC labeling requirementsNEC labeling requirements

NFPA 70E for PPE requirementsNFPA 70E for PPE requirements

Establish procedures (Electrical Hot Establish procedures (Electrical Hot Work Permit)Work Permit)


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nfpa 70e cai arc flash handouts rev 01

Documents

reported flash

electrical hazard arc

electrical standard

electrical nfpa

electrical safety requirements

fatal arc flash handout

electrical arcing

deathsdeathsarc flash