nfpa 285 fire-tested wall...

NFPA 285 Fire-Tested WallAssemblies

A business unit of DowAdvanced Materials Division

2© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company

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© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company


AIA CES Credits

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This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professionaleducation. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed orconstrued to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any materialof construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributingor dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specificmaterials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion ofthis presentation.


GBCI CMP Credits

Dow Building Solutions is an Education Provider with U.S. GreenBuilding Council. This course is approved for 1.0 Green BuildingCertification Institute (GBCI) CE Hours for the LEED CredentialingMaintenance Program (CMP). Certificates of Completion are availableon request.

This program is registered with the U.S. Green Building Council forcontinuing professional education. As such, it does not include contentthat may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement bythe USGBC of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product.Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will beaddressed at the conclusion of this presentation.


Learning Objectives

An understanding of the history and the development of theNFPA 285 fire test method

An understanding of the role of continuous insulation insustainable, high-performance building envelopes as it relatesto building codes and fire requirements

An understanding of how the test is performed, as well as howtest results apply to sustainable, energy efficient walls with thickfoam insulation

An understanding of how the test works in the building codeand under what circumstances it applies in high-performance,sustainable buildings

An understanding of how to “build” a highly energy efficientwall assembly that meets the NFPA 285 criteria with informationavailable


Agenda

• Background

• Code and LEED Requirements

• The Test

• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Systems

• Converting Tested Systems to Real Life

• Summary


NFPA 285 History

NFPA 285 Predecessor

• Developed by SPI

• Initiated in late 1970s

• First called Test Standard 17-6

• First adopted in 1988

• Used wood crib as fire source


NFPA 285 History


• Renamed in 1994 UBC Test Standard 26-4

• Found only in the UBC


NFPA 285 History


• Further development in 1990s

• Method is gas fired rather than wood

• Included UBC Test Standard 26-4 to 26-9

• Put in UBC 1997

• NFPA 285 identical to UBC 26-9

• Still only UBC


NFPA 285 History

NFPA 285 Test and Method

• Final draft in 1998

• National significance in 2000 with ICC

• Virtually unknown at the time

• Still poorly known

DateDate


NFPA 285 Today

ICC Building Code – Chapter 14

Exterior Walls

• 1403.5 Vertical and lateral flamepropagation. Type I, II, III, & IV >40’ inheight with combustible WRB shall betested in accordance with and comply withthe acceptance criteria of NFPA 285.(2012)

• 1407.10.3 MCM Metal CompositeMaterials – Requires NFPA 285

• 1409.1 HPL High-pressure decorativeexterior-grade compact laminates –Requires NFPA 285


NFPA 285 Today

ICC Building Code – Chapter 15

Roof Assemblies and RooftopStructures

• 1509.6.2 Type I, II, III, & IV ConstructionMechanical equipment screens or wallsenclosing mechanical equipment arepermitted to be constructed of combustiblematerials if they meet any of the following:

– >20’ Fire Separation, <4’ in height

– >20 Fire Separation, Constructed of FRtreated wood

– Are tested in accordance with and complywith the acceptance criteria of NFPA 285.


NFPA 285 Today

ICC Building Code – Chapter 26Plastic

2603.5 Exterior Walls

• 2603.5.5 Test standard. The wallassembly shall be tested in accordancewith and comply with the acceptancecriteria of NFPA 285.


NFPA 285 Today

Why the Sudden Interest?

• Cost of energy

• Deficit/financial situation


NFPA 285 Today

Why the Interest?

• Cost of energy

• Financial situation Energy Code Adoption


NFPA 285 Today


2010 ASHRAE 90.1 – Above Grade Wall

GREATER Continuous Insulation Requirements

OpaqueWall

ZoneNon-Res

AssemblyMax

Non-ResInsulation Min

R-Value

Semi-heatedAssembly

Max

Semi-heatedInsulation Min

R-Value

SteelFramed

3 U-0.084 R13 + R3.8 ci U-0.124 R13

4 U-0.064 R13 + R7.5 ci U-0.124 R13

5 U-0.064 R13 + R7.5 ci U-0.124 R13

6 U-0.064 R13 + R7.5 ci U-0.124 R13

Mass 2 U-0.151 R5.7 ci U-0.580 NR

3 U-0.123 R7.6 ci U-0.580 NR

4 U-0.104 R9.5 ci U-0.580 NR

5 U-0.090 R11.4 ci U-0.151 R5.7 ci

MetalBuilding

3 U-0.084 R19 U-0.113 R13

4 U-0.084 R19 U-0.113 R13

5 U-0.069 R13 + R5.6 ci U-0.113 R13


NFPA 285 Today

Why the Interest?

• Value of energy efficiency More ci or foam plastics

• Energy codes Sustainable building design


Agenda

• Background


• The Test



• Summary


LEED 2009 Rating Systems: Weighting

LEED – BD&C, ID&C, O&M will be on a 110 point scale

100 base + 10 bonus point scale

Sustainable Sites

Water Efficiency

Energy and Atmosphere

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Innovation in Design, 6 pts

Regional Bonus Credits, 4 pts

Platinum(80+ pts)

Gold(60-79pts)

Silver(50-59pts)

Certified(40-49pts)

100 basepts

10 bonuspts


LEED Certification

Potential Energy Efficiency Credits

• EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum EnergyPerformance (required forcertification)

– U.S.: 10% better than base building (ASHRAE90.1 2007)

– Canada: 23% better than Model NationalEnergy Code for Buildings (MNECB) or 10%better than ASHRAE 90.1 2007


LEED Certification


• EQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort, Design(1 point)

– ASHRAE 55-2004, Thermal ComfortConditions for Human Occupancy


LEED Certification


• EA Credit 1: Optimize EnergyPerformance (1-19 points)

–12% (ASHRAE) or 25% (MNECB) better for 1point

–48% (ASHRAE) or 56% (MNECB) better for19 points

– ASHRAE 90.1 2007 as base building for bothU.S. and Canada or MNECB for Canada


• From ASHRAE 90.1-2007

• Based on Calculated and MeasuredData

What do EA credits mean inpractice… 12% to 48% Better


9.2 2.8 6.4

R-19 Batt

34%

A Matter of Effective R-Value

0

5

10

15

20

25E

ffe

cti

ve

Ba

ttR

-Va

lue

R-11 R-13 R-15 R-19 R-21

Type of Batt

Effective R-Value of Batts @ 16" & 24"

Rate

dR

-Valu

e

16”

OC

24”

OC

Effect on R-Value

0

5

10

15

20

25

Eff

ec

tiv

eB

att

R-V

alu

e

R-11 R-13 R-15 R-19 R-21

Type of Batt


Rate

dR

-Valu

e

16”

OC

24”

OC

Effect on R-Value

• Table A9.2B

0

5

10

15

20

25

Eff

ec

tiv

eB

att

R-V

alu

e

R-11 R-13 R-15 R-19 R-21

Type of Batt


Walls Designs must change…


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Sy

ste

mR

-Va

lue

0 Inch 0.625 Inch 1 Inch 1.5 inch 2 Inch

Continuous insulation (ci) Thickness (in)

Effective System R-Value for Steel Stud Walls

No

Batt

R-1

1B

att

R-1

5B

att

R-1

9B

att

1.5

inch

SP

F

1.5

inch

SP

F

1.5

inch

SP

F

1.5

inch

SP

F

Thermal Solution


Thermal Short Problems…

Ghosting/Aesthetics


Thermal Shorts Result in Energy Loss


Responsibility to Clients inOperation Phase…

Sustainable Building Designs


Thicker continuous insulation

Sustainable Building Designs


LEED Certified Projects

Homeland security building- College of Dupage.Legat Architects in Oakbrook, IL



Student Center - Kishwaukee College.

– Demonick Kemper Architects



Student Center - Kishwaukee College, Malta, IL

– Demonick Kemper Architects


LEED Certification


• EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance(required for certification)

– U.S.: 10% better than base building (ASHRAE 90.1 2007)

• EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance (1-19 points)

– 12% (ASHRAE) or 25% (MNECB) better for 1 point

– 48% (ASHRAE) or 56% (MNECB) better for 19 points

• EQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort, Design (1 point)

– ASHRAE 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy


Agenda

• Background


• The Test



• Summary


NFPA 285: The Test


NFPA 285: The Test

Set Up

• Two story – 1 test wall

• Interior burner first

• Window burner at 5 min

• 30-minute duration


NFPA 285: The Test

Objectives

• Exterior propagation


NFPA 285: The Test

Objectives


• Core propagation


NFPA 285: The Test

Objectives



• Interior propagation


NFPA 285: The Test

Objectives



• Interior propagation

• Lateral propagation


NFPA 285: The Test

Modes of Failure

Flame Propagation


NFPA 285: The Test

Modes of Failure

Flame Propagation

Damage Propagation


NFPA 285: The Test

Modes of Failure

Flame Propagation

Damage Propagation

Temperature Excursion


Actual Test

NFPA 285: The Test


NFPA 285: The Test

Actual Test


Agenda

• Background

• Code Requirements

• The Test

• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Assemblies


• Air Sealing


Meet the Code

Goal:

2603.5.5 Test standard. The wallassembly shall be tested inaccordance with and comply with theacceptance criteria of NFPA 285.


Not Listed

Problem:

• Hourly Rated Walls

• Class A Roofs

• Floor/Wall junctures


Must Rely on Manufacturer

Problem:

• Test Results/Reports

• Engineering Judgments

• Specific Materials – “or equal” Problems


ASSEMBLY Test

Another Problem:


Better with hourly rated assemblies...

How do we get there?


Step 1: Test


Step 1: Test... SMART Why?

• You can’t test everything!

Best Case Worst Case




• 3.5” and 6” and 8” steel studs

• 3=3 tests



• You can’t test everything!1

• 1/2” and 5/8” drywall

• 3 x 2 = 6 tests




• Empty, fiberglass, cellulose, SPU

• 3 x 2 x 4 = 24 tests


NFPA 285: “Approved” Assemblies



• No exterior sheathing,1/2” gypsum, 5/8” gypsum

• 3 x 2 x 4 x 3 = 72 tests




• 1”, 2” 3” and 4” of insulation

• 3 x 2 x 4 x 3 x 4 = 288 tests




• Peel and stick or not

• 3 x 2 x 4 x 3 x 4 x 2 = 576 tests





• Stucco, brick, metal panel, cement board, EIFS,terracotta

• 3 x 2 x 4 x 3 x 4 x 2 x 7 = 4,032 tests





• Too expensive

– $25,000 – 50,000 / wall system

• Too time consuming

– Limited number of wall frames for testing

– 28 day cure time on mortar for brick veneer

– Build sequencing and scheduling of trades


Step 2: Evaluate Results

• Fire science consultant


Fire Consultant Credentials

• Reputable

• Active in ASTM E5 committee

• Active in NFPA

• Active in ICC-ES hearings

• Experience with fire testing labs

• Nationwide experience and knowledge of codes



Step 2: Evaluate Results

• Fire science consultant

• Additional testing of components

• Creates tables of acceptable wall constructions

• Tables allow assembly of wall components


NFPA 285: “Approved” Assemblies Disclaimer

• Products referenced in this presentation are generic but the test isproduct and brand specific.

• It is necessary to verify that manufacturer of foam plastic orcombustible material has either completed the testing or engineeringassessment for approval of material in an NFPA 285 compliant wallassembly.

• This is an assembly test – just because a material was included in awall assembly that passed, doesn’t mean it can be used in any wallassembly requiring NFPA 285 testing.

Dave�

"the test is product and brand specific" is bold and italics in the source�



Step 3: Present Results


Agenda

• Background


• The Test



• Summary


Example: Build a Wall Workshop


Base Wall System – Use either 1, 2, 3, 4 or 51. Concrete wall

2. Concrete masonry wall

3. Standard clay brick wall

4. Adobe block wall

5. Steel studs with approved thermal barrier


Floor Line Firestopping• 4 lb / cu ft mineral wool in each stud cavity and at each floor line –

attached with Z-clips or equivalent



Cavity Insulation – Use 1, 2 or 3 (Or both 2 and 3)1. None

2. Spray polyurethane foam approved for use in NFPA 285 compliant wallassembly

3. Fiberglass batt insulation (faced or unfaced)



Exterior Sheathing – Use 1, 2 or 31. None

2. 1/2” thick, exterior type gypsum sheathing

3. 5/8” thick, exterior type gypsum sheathing



Weather-resistive Barrier – Use 1 or 21. None

2. WRB approved for use in NFPA 285 compliant wall assembly


Exterior Insulation – Use 1, 2, 3 or 41.None – must have exterior sheathing referenced previously

2.Rigid foam board insulation approved for use in NFPA 285 compliant wallassembly up to thickness indicated

3.Spray polyurethane foam approved for use in NFPA 285 compliant wallassembly up to thickness indicated

4.Combination of 2 and 3 up to thickness indicated


Exterior Veneer – Use either 1, 2, 3, or 41. Brick (standard 4-inch thick, clay brick)2. Stucco (min ¾ inch thick)3. Limestone or natural stone (min 2 inch thick) or cast artificial stone

(min 1.5 in thick)4. Terracotta cladding (min 1.25 inch thick)


Completed SystemMeets NFPA 285 test/code requirements


NFPA 285: Summary

History

• Test Standard 17-6 adopted in 1988

• Wood crib as fire source

• UBC Test Standard 26-4 to 26-9

• NFPA 285 identical to UBC 26-9

2603.5.5 test standard. The wall assembly shall betested in accordance with and comply with theacceptance criteria of NFPA 285.


NFPA 285: Summary

• History

– Why Now?

Financial Save energy Energy Codes

Continuous insulation NFPA 285


NFPA 285: Summary

• History


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Sy

ste

mR

-Va

lue

0 Inch 0.625 Inch 1 Inch 1.5 inch 2 Inch

Continuous insulation (ci) Thickness (in)

Effective System R-Value for Steel Stud Walls

EA Credit 1: OptimizeEnergy Performance(1-19 points)


NFPA 285: Summary

• History


• The Test

ASSEMBLY!


NFPA 285: Summary

• History


• The test


You can’t test everything!3 x 2 x 4 x 3 x 4 x 2 x 7 =4,032 tests


NFPA 285: Summary

• History


• The test



NFPA 285: Summary

• History


• The test


• Converting Tested Systems to Real life


NFPA 285: Summary

• History


• The test


• Converting Tested Systems to Real life

• The future…


Review Learning Objectives

An understanding of the history and the development of theNFPA 285 fire test method

An understanding of the role of continuous insulation insustainable, high-performance building envelopes as it relatesto building codes and fire requirements

An understanding of how the test is performed, as well as howtest results apply to sustainable, energy efficient walls with thickfoam insulation

An understanding of how the test works in the building codeand under what circumstances it applies in high-performance,sustainable buildings

An understanding of how to “build” a highly energy efficientwall assembly that meets the NFPA 285 criteria with informationavailable


Course Evaluation

In order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, pleaseaccess the evaluation for this course by logging into CESDiscovery and clicking on the Course Evaluation link on the leftside of the page.


This concludes the AIA and GBCIportion of the session


Thank You!

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nfpa 285 fire-tested wall...

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