HAND

TOOL

PRESERVATION

ASSOCIATION

/olume 1, No. 6,

)ecember, 1989

NEWSLETTER

:S-:1-:\\" Hl11T_\.l:S-:. CO:'-::'-:.

HTPA

Promote the preservation, of hand tools.

study and understanding

Encour.:ige interest 1n, and bottor undor3toncltng of crafts and c.:irly industries in which thoso tools were used.

Discover, i·dentify, classify, document, p1·f'loarve and exhibit these tools - in particular l\l)ecial effort,.s are to be made regarding the documorit.:itlon Jnd preservation of Australian m.:ido tool3.

Share this knowledge and understand 1 ng w i t.h •)tl1•1rs and with museums, pioneer villages, tho Nntional Trust and similar institutions.

Accomplish these aims fellowship.

in a spirit of f11n and

Editor

Secretary

Nigel Lampe,-t,

Frank Ham,

CONTENTS,

Editor's Note

Secretary's News

Working With Wood Show· Vic. Woodworkers Exhibition Annual Meeting Visit of Ken Roberts End of year Function

Catalogue Reprints by Ken Roberts

Dati�g Stanley Planes

Leonard Bailey: Plane Pioneer

More Interesting Finds

The Caine Tool Collection - The Big Move- Tool Box No.2

Classification of Tools

Wanted

**********��*

3

4

4

6

7

9

1 3

14

20

20

4

EDITOR'S NOTE

1. C0ntributions for our first issue for 1990 are due bylsL February 1990

2. Contributions aboutincluded anonymouslyrespected.

interesting finds will so that member's privacy

be is

3. Please type contributions where possible and includesuitable illustrations where possible.

4. As it is your newsletter suggestions are welcomed,and the Editor will be pleased to assist contributorsto prepare items including verbal contributions.

The Editor

************

SECRETARY'S NEWS

1. Working with Wood Show

The Working with Wood Show at the Exhibition in. October was a great success with a large number of the public showing interest in our displays, and the HTPA. Thanks again to those who helped set up and dismantle the exhibit, and to those members who manned the stand during the three days.

2. Victorian Woodworkers Association Exhibition

The Annual Exhibition and Demonstration weekend of the Victorian Woodworkers Association was held in November in the Doncaster Municipal Gallery and in the grounds. The HTPA shared a display tent with Lea Gimmett (cooper) and with a turner on a pedal lathe. Again we had many interested visitors and Kees Klep, Doug Mviver, Ray Fuller and myself enjoyed our time at the Demonstration.

During these two exbibitions we distributed 200-300 brochures about the HTPA and already we have gained three new members.

5

3. Annual Meeting

The fina·l meeting for 1989 was held on Tuesday 281.1, November at Kees Klep's home. A business meeting was held in the form of an annual general meeting.

Although no President was elected to the vacant position, a 11 the reroa in i ng office bearers we re re-e 1 ected. The final statement indicated the Association had $1,151.25 in the State Savings Bank after debts are paid.

Considerable discussion followed regarding the site and form of our meetings in 1990. As a result, the night of our meetings will be changed to the 3rd Tuesday of February, March, May, July, September and November.

The Caine Tool · Sub Committee will be meeting on the intervening 3rd Tuesdays (January, April, June, August, October and December) at the cottage at Illawarra. Any member who would like to come to these working bees would be most welcome. Please telephone Doug Mclver or myself if you wish to help.

************

Visit of Ken Roberts

Tool collector and book publisher Ken Roberts will be visiting Melbourne from February 22nd - 26th, and will be lecturing in the Conference Room at the Meat Market Craft Centre, Courtney St, North Melbourne on February 23rd 1990. Please make a note of this place and time so you can hear this world authority.

End of Year Function

On a lovely sunny Saturday six couples enjoyed a delightful barbeque at Gulf Station, a 19th century farm at Yarra Glen. We were able to inspect all the buildings at our leisure and heard an interesting summary of the history· of the family and the farm. Those of us there decided we should have a similar get together next year.

May I wish you all a happy Xmas and good tool hunting in the New Year. Thank you all for your help and support over 1989.

Frank Ham

************

0 Kt�ttiNI� vr v�u ,v,...,L vn,��---�-

PUBLISHED BY KEN ROBERTS, USA

Arrowmammett Works, Connecticut, USA 1857 Illustrated Supplement to the Catalogue & Invoice Price List of Bench Planes, Moulding Tools, etc.

Auburn Tool Company, New York, USA 1869 Price List of Planes, Plane Irons, Rules, Gauges, Hand

Screws etc.

D.R.Barton & Co. Rochester, New York, USA 1873Illustrated Catalogue of Mechanics Tools

Belcher Bros. & Co. New York, USA 1860 Price List of Boxwood & Ivory Rules.

Buck Bros. Massachusetts, USA 1890 Price List of Chisels, Plane Irons, Gouges, Carving Tools, Nail Sets, Screw Drivers, Handles etc.

The Chapin-Stevens Co, Connecticut, USA 1914 Catalogue No. 114 Rules, Planes, Gauges, Plumbs & Levels, Handscrews, Handles, Spokeshaves, Boxscrapers.

William Chapple, Manchester, England 1876 Price List of Planes & Tools

The Collins' Company, Connecticut, USA 1935 A Brief Account of the Development of the Collins Co. in the Manufacture of Axes, Machetes & Edge Tools.

The Connecticut Historical Soc. Bulletin Vol.49 No.4 1984 Contains an article by Ken Roberts on Planemaking by the Chapins, USA

Greenfield Tool Company, Massachusetts, USA 1854 Price List of Joiners' Bench Planes & Moulding Tools, 1872 Illustrated Catalogue & Invoice Price List of Joiners' Bench Planes, Moulding Tools, Handles, Plane Irons etc.

Hermon Chapin, Connecticut, USA 1853 Catalogue & Invoice Prices of Gauges etc. 1859 Price Lis� of Rules, Hand Screws, Bench Screws, Levels etc.

rules, Planes, Planes, Gauges,

Introduction to Rule Collecting - Ken Roberts, USA 1982

The Russell Jennings Mfg Co, Connecticut, USA cl899 Price List Patents Augers & Extension Lip Auger Bits

Lufkin Rule Co, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 1888 Catalogue & Price List

This list is printed by courtesy of Tools of Trade, 32 Rocklanc Street, Duffy ACT 2611

7

Dating Stanley Planes

One of the attractions of Stanley Planes is of course the fact that they can be reasonably dated. Catalogues were freely available and excellent reprints are available.

Roger Smith's book Patented Transitional and Metallic Planes in America 1827 1927 has extensive dating summaries on both wooden-bottomed and iron plane types. The study of iron types is based on the No.4 size only but appears to be an excellent guide to many other Stanley sizes and types.

-At our recent meeting, Frank Ham had brought a range of planes from pre-lateral to quite recent ones and discussed some of the main feature changes including adjusting nuts, lever cap springs, frogs, lateral adjustments, casting marks, patent dates and plane markings. Handles and Cutter markings are also obviously other variable features. A summary of the main dating features is noted below:-

1867 - 69

1869 - 72

1872 - 73

1874 - 84

1885 88

1888 - 92

1893 - 99

1899 - 02

1902 - 07

1907 - 09

solid brass nut R.H. thread banjo shaped spring lever cap solid no lateral adjustment

spring now rectangular

adjustment nut recessed lever cap recessed back

flat head cap screws to hold frog

number cast on toe in front of knob lateral lever with 2 patent dates

lateral adjustment with circular disc

adjustment nut L.H. thread 1" spacing of number marking

only l date on lateral lever 7-24-88 B casting mark on most planes

Bailey's name on toe new style frog no patent date on lateral lever patent dates 02 on bed behind frog

frog adjustment sere 1

8

1910 - 18

1919 - 24

1925 - 28

1929 - 30

1931 - 32

1933 - 41

1942 - 45

1946 - 47

1948 - 61

1962 - 67

Apr 19-10 cast behind frog

high front knob lever cap - longer cam handle

STANLEY cast on lever cap

MADE IN USA on toe raised ring front knob

MADE IN USA on bed behind frog

kidney shaped hole in lever cap

handles & knobs hardwood adjustment nuts steel or rubber

large brass nut - diagonal knurling

STANLEY on lateral lever read vertically knurling on nut parallel

STANLEY name eliminated lateral lever

l[l):,,i<til(l.'8\tll\

u:s. " ..

(Roger K. Smith, Patented Transitional and Plane� in America 1827 - 1927, North Village 1981 p.43)

Metallic Pub. Co.,

9

Leonard Bailey: Plane Pioneer

No discussion of Stanley Planes would be complete without mention of Leonard Bailey. Bailey was the father of the modern plane, and many of his ideas remaining with us to this day have been extensively copied around the world. His innovations transformed the carpenter's plane from a clumsy in�ccurate tool into a precise, accurate and long - wearing one.

Early in the 19th Century the first metal-soled plane seems to have been made, but problems with a means of adjusting the degree of cut remained. The usual way, of course, was to tap the iron down and many cutting irons in wooden planes are curled over from long use. Bailey's first patent was taken out on 22nd June 1858 and was for a friction plate device for vertical adjustment of the cutter on a wooden plane. Whilst the adjustment was unsuccessful, what was remarkable was the cammed lever cap which� inexplicably was not featured in the patent specifications.

(Goodman: The History of Woodworking Tools 1964 p. 97)

.( r I I

101. Leonard Baile�··s First Patent, 1858 Stanlty Tools, Ntw Bd1ait1, Com,.

102. Bailey Bench Plane, 1867 S1a11/ey Tools

10

In August 1858 Bailey did, however, take out a patent specially relating to the lever cap, but according to Goodman in The History of Woodworking Tools this was a much cruder and less effective arrangement. The combination of a lever cap held to a wooden plane by a screw was also unsuccessful. In August 1867 Bailey patented a wooden-bottomed plane with the new familiar shallow casting attached to the top. This had a metal base for the lever cap and solved the earlier problem. It was this patent which introduced the adjusting nut and lever fork arrangement slotting into the cap iron. This was a remarkable invention and is of course accepted as a standard plane feature world-wide. Interestingly it was also at this time that Bailey again introduced an important feature without specific mention. This was the thin parallel cutter which was a real change from the standard heavy tapered cutters. Shortly after this, Bailey moved the adjusting nut to its now familiar position. The two knobs were also included in this patent and of course gave way to the handle an knob arrangement on the metal planes then introduced, although on the wooden-bottomed planes the rear knob was removed due to crowding with the adjusting nut in its changed position. Bailey did, however, also provide a. handl,ed smoothing and 13" Jenny plane.

It is especially important to note that Bailey parts were

standardised in the wooden and metal planes.

Later developments of Bailey's design included Traut's patent for a l atera 1 adjusting 1 ever, further modifications to the design of the frog to provide a firmer seat, and a rung to prevent the front knob from splitting. Goodman aptly sums up the outcome of a century of success by remarking that the Stanley-type plane was 'the Ford of woodworking tools' (p. 100). It is indeed appropriate that from around 1902 the name 'Bailey' has been cast on the toe of Stanley planes, thus celebrating the innovations of Leonard Bailey for woodworkers around the world.

************

From 1872 Stanley Catalogue reprint Ken Roberts Pub. 1981.

IIAll.t-:,·•,; l".'1'1•.:,r.' r l'I,.\:,; I ...

BA.ILEY'S l? .6.. TENT l?LANES.

�" i., .. I .. 1111,·1• 1•,·1•1 l-.-,-11 u,•,·11r,IL·1I n111r1· ;.:1.•1wral 1•1.1i ... r t 1 11111 ·•• lbiJ,., • .. l' i,11·111 l'!,,1w .. • I,:,•,. r,·, ,.,, ,,ii fn,111 :,1Lill1-,I \\",.,,.J wud,t•r .. iltr,mbl1ullL thiic ('u1111tr.,. 11011 in li.1n•i;.::11 1•1 1111111i1•... TI..- -111, · 111 I ,.•111 Im"' al1,·11<IJ ,-�1'(._o,'\l1·1I 20.000 l'l:1111---, :u,,I i� 1·1111i,II_, innl'a-.i11;.!, Tl11.• .. ,, u It• .. ( ,·ar•· , .. 1°1,•,I:.: , •I !•·• llit"

1·,•111i11u,-,I l!Xt-.,·ll�1wt! ul' 1111:""(.' Plall\.'il 11\"er ull ullit·l"'!l. En•n· lJclll,•r .. hrnil,I i 11 tr,"ln, •· !1 1,·111 Iv 111,· m,1i,,­uf 1111 �Ov<I :\lc1·l_,a11i1-s: Ilic Tvol� \\'ill 1·11111 111c111I tlu•, 11 ... ,·h·t·� wl 1c11 lu-.. 11j:l ll i111 ... ..-111.,I .. ,-n i,·t,•.

� E,u-11 l'l:u,,· j,. tit1t.�I i11 wurkiu� order, wlit·II i:t.•111 i1110 ll111 kt:I. Iron l?la.nes. VTood Fla.nes .

.. ,?

�,t\ �t- ,1, . ·:,: ,f� • • •. :;:k A

�J,� :,... .,:, • • __ t,•I :,,,:o ?I, ::-nmotla l'l11111·, 7 lnt'li.- in I.A11::•h If l,1 \.•111,: t·� ·,o

1. :5111001!1 P1,rn, .$1-!lncht'I in Lt-nrth. If In C1.11h..-r, l-10! :?-!. ,, - a .. ·· I? .. • :.! ",u

;: :: ·: !.:: ;�: �! :: �-;; :; 50 :!-�. Uk11 I.., !.I 1-! 1 r ·• ·! �-,

:i, .J11d. Plane. U lod1t:1 in Lcn11L I. 2 In. Ct11tl"r, 0, For� I:'.' " .. �f " i. Join1n-" 8,

�, .. !f "

��: 4.lNl • :?G. Jack ll1ane, 15 Inc-lit"• u, Lt-0�1h, � In t:u1u·r. 3 "!:\ 7UO I ?;, .. ,. 1$ .. •• .. �l: " '' ;J.'I) 800; ;: F<!r' �

J; .. ��� O UO ' a,,, Join1er·· !2 ·!t -' �-i / 31. ,. " �· !t - I�:..

: ;;: ;: t .. : �� :SI. :to �- ';1•1

,----··· ·-.....__ ;;n";.� IS, 1� la Cutter, . ............. :; oo ... �

Thi, Pinn,. luu 1. Flrn1,J; Su,I ,--.,,.,, •n,I h.\ ffl('tUu1 of the I '•· TI1urob-Scre,.-• al f'ACh end o( 1l1f' �,nick, can bf', t•.lltly ••l1.pt-

11 , td to pt.a. c:111:ul•r •ork, tlthcr rona,,. or t'ura.-u. I �:.� ��,��."{{�nd, \'•-�1:li.A � N.,r.!H• ;,i ,·.i In

I 1

Co.

13

More Interesting Finds

Several months ago on one of numerous trips to the local tip we made an interesting find. Although my work�ate and I had been instructed to do some quick repair work and shift some signs, we quickly got down to the real business of the expedition. Soon we were rifling through the castaway objects to see if there was anything worth salvaging. We went through a fair amount of trash before the real find of the day. Very rusty but still

complete except for cutters I took my find home to clean up. Lots of time and care has produced a quite unusual plane of 1920's vintage which I believe to be a Stanley 143 plough plane. Although not fully complete it is a pleasing and attractive tool and the sort of find we all like to make.

T"·o lntcrchan�e::t.h1c front part� ::o with 1hi"'- Toot. Tl1e- fo..-m shou·n .:iho'f'c 1.-; that"':.. Dull-11•1M: J•Jvw: 3.Utl the Cul h:r wlll eu1tih· wvrl.: up to. a.nd lot•> :i.� llh.:h huh:, or any lar::,·r l'-l;h.'-:\M 111 .',a�h-lil 1111:.:, SI air.work, ("I,·. ,\·11 h the ol Iler frout on. it 1:il.cb l he orJiuary fvrm �1( a J•t .. u·, arut is a,h,pt,•,I '" ull r,.-;,:ul:Lr ui,..,·:-'.

\\"11 t1 <":tch t,.,,I ,•1;.:t,t Pl,1w lli1 s en. �� Hi. I,,�. ,\.IG, � ';".Jr.. !-,f and '1i inch), a F1llclste-r Cutter a.nd a !ihU1u; ULh.J� .arc funih,hcJ; also a 'l\m�uluo Tool t�,4 1111.·IIJ.

:<o. Bull-Nose Plow, Filletster and Matching Plane. uch 141. Iron Stoek an,l Fence ............. _. ........ ........ $7 00

Bull-Nose Plow and Matching Plane--without Fil letster. 143. Iron !:-tock �n,l Fc·nce .............................. 6 00

From 1892 Stanley Catalogue (H. July 1972 reprint)

Maddocks, West Boylston,

14

The Caine Tool Collection

The Big Move - Doug Mciver

November 4, Collection.

1989 was a notable day for the Caine Tool

Thomas Sydney Caine left all his possessions to the Trust when he died about 18 years ago, his house, his personal effects, and most importantly his tools. He had been a woodworker all his life. He earned his Sloyd Certificate in 1913, and in his adult life he ran a joinery works at the rear of his home in North Melbourne. Possibly he was continuing on in a business started by his father. It is believed that in his later life he became concerned that the skills of the craftsman which had been his life were fading from view, and in an effort to provide a lasting reminder of these skills he accumulated a comprehensive collection of tools, and left these tools to the National Trust, together with all his other possessions, with the intention of establishing a permanent display of these tools, and a fund for their maintenance.

The Nation), Trust has wide experience in the observation and recording of notable buildings and gardens, and in the maintenance and operation of such properties. Although the importance of the Thomas Caine Tool Collection was apparent, the existing knowledge and experience· in the Trust was not helpful in deciding how to deal with the tool collection. Also, the demands on the Trust's resources are always beyond its capacity. There is never enough money, facilities or people to meet all its objectives. These factors have resulted in the repeated deferment of the proper treatment of the Caine Tool Collection.

For many years the tools have been stored in a loft at Ripponlea. For practical purposes they were inaccessible. Although there have been a number of our members willing to put time and effort into the collection, it hasn't been possible to take action while the tools were in that loft - no light, no power, no space to work, and no normal access.

It has been surprisingly difficult for the Trust to find accommodation suitable for the proper storage, cataloguing and general management of the collection, but at last an acceptable building has been made available.

Although the Trust appointed four of our members to its Caine Tool Collection Comet, only one of those members, Frank Ham, had ever seen the collection, and that was some years ago.

1 5

Thus it was with considerable excitement that we looked forward to Saturday November 4, 1989, when arrangements had been made for the committee to view the collection. Our further expectation was to move as much of the collection as possible to its new home, but there was some reluctance from the Trust management at Ripponlea in this regard - there seemed to be a feeling that as the collection was at Ripponlea, it was the responsibility of the Ripponlea management, and so it should not be moved away.

Nevertheless, we went there prepared to move the tools, hoping to persuade the Ripponleia Management that they

· should be moved.

When the door was unlocked we found ourselves in a well built stable, perhaps 10 metres square overall, but divided by a walkway, with a number of stables each side. The area is now used for storage mainly long term storage it appeared, as the impression gained when looking around was that nothing had been moved for years.

The loft was reached by climbing a fixed vertical wooden ladder. We were warned not to stop on the trapdoors in the floor as the catches may give way. There was no light until the double doors were opened. These doors are at first floor level, and provision has been made above the doorway to hang a pulley to ease the task of delivering the feed for the horses. This was the only way to get goods of any size in or out of the loft.

The loft was crammed with a wide variety of objects, many of them not too clearly seen because of the poor light -a boat, a workbench, a trailer, a commercial freezer, boxes, bags, miscellaneous things heaped on the floor. The heap of boxes containing the collection was found

under a sheet of black plastic.

Frank Ham, Nigel Lampert and I looked through the boxes while Peter Struthers discussed the future of the collection with Mary Dancuk, the manager of Ripponlea.

There were a number of genuine Thomas Caine toolboxes, 4 or 5 tea chests, and a number of cardboard boxes.

There was a large tool box, probably the "toolbox no.1" referred to in Thomas Caine's notes, of which he had specially requested that the contents should not be removed. It was almost empty. It was evident that all the tools had been removed from their original boxes, and heaped into convenient containers for transport. We

1 6

developed the suspicion that the collection was no longer complete, but without a careful examination, and comparison with such records as we have we could not reach any better conclusion.

One tea chest contained what appeared to be working drawings for buildings for which Thomas Caine had worked on. They were very dusty and had been attacked by silverfish. The examination of these papers would have to wait for another day.

When we had all seen the state of the collection, there was ready agreement that the collection needed to be examined, cleaned and catalogued, and reconciled against the inventory lists that are available, and that this work could not be carried out in the loft.

Peter Struthers discussed the matter with Mary Dancuk and got her agreement that the Caine Collection should be removed from Ripponlea as soon as possible. We proceeded to lower as much of the collection as we could transport out the loft doors.

One of the gardeners at Ripponlea, Brian Worsley, had been watching the proceedings with interest, and offered the opinion that he had seen other tools which could be part of the collection in the basement of Ripponlea itself. He led Nigel off to see what could be found. We were delighted, and dismayed, to see them return some time later carrying armfuls of tools. Delighted that items that had been separated from the collection had been recovered, dismayed at the evidence that the collection had been scattered - how many tools had not been recovered, and where were they?

There was no doubt that the tools they found were part of the Thomas Caine collection - the name 'T CAINE' was clearly stamped into all of them.

Some of the boxes of tools in the loft carried address labels showing that they had originally been delivered to Como. It appears that the loft at Ripponlea was at least their second resting place. Is it possible that some tools are still at Como?

How did tools come to be in the basement at Ripponlea? Was the collection stored there for a period?

for more and for

enough for

Some significant items were left behind, waiting transport capacity than we had that day, additional storage - the new premises are big the bulk of the sm1ller handtools, but not larger 1 terns.

for the

We are anxious to get access to two items in particular the large tool box, of course, and the workbench.

I /

The toolbox is larger than the usual tool box, and it is not ornamented as they sometimes are, but it is very well made, in exce 11 ent condition. We hope to be able to restore the contents of the toolbox, according to Thomas Caine's own list.

The workbench is in the classical style, with one large wooden vice at the left end of the front of the bench, another on the end of the bench at the right. It is larger than average, being about 18 feet long and 30 inches wide. Both the toolbox and the bench could be important features in a display of the Caine Tool Collection.

We are delighted to have made so much progress with the collection, after so much delay. Now we can begin to catalogue . the Collection, and plan for the first public display.

We must also pursue every opportunity to locate tools which have become.separated from the collection.

************

Tool Box No.2

Here is the contents of this tool box again presumably complete at the time of transfer- to the National Trust. We assume tool box no.1 is the very big one but as yet which of t�e others is which remains uncertain.

'...!U

Classj l"ication of Tools

In order tools when following

Journal be

to help members to accurately describe their swapping or selling, it is suggested that the

condition classification from The Fine Tool

used.

THE FINE TOOL JOURNAL CONDITION CLASSIFICATION FOR ANTIQUE HAND TOOLS

CATEGORY USE.AIILE flNISlt WEAR REPAIR RUST

New 101ally l()()'lt none none none

Fine 101ally 9(). 100'1, minimal none trace

Good+ 1 yes U-90'1, normal minor or li1ht

I none

Good yes SO-U'i, norm.-mod. minor li1ht Good - probably 30-SO'I, mod.-hvy. correct mod.

Fair no 0-)0e;, c�ccnivc major mod.-hvy. Poor no n/1. c:accuivc damaged heavy

MISC.

+ oria. pka.

some din1s or scratch OK minor chips.

chips OK

Any dc"iation from the m<><!cl paramc1crs i.s to be described, whether positive or negative. >.II tools Good - or bc11tt arc assumed uxablc unlcn sr,,«ffte problems ate poin1cd out.

Wanted

* Cutter and top iron to suit Stanley No.8* Cutter to suit No.5 (1884 - 1888)

Contact Nigel Lampert

Your advertisements - so that we can help each other with those odd missing parts, or by swapping or selling.

All advertisements should be sent to the Editor.

************

Tools of Trade

32 Rocklands Street Duffy ACT 2611 Australia

i.!rool.s of i.!rraclr Antique & Tradesmen's Tools

and Related Publications

John McDonald D.Sc.(Forestry). Proprietor

(Member : IITPA, EAIA, TATIIS, M-WTCA)

Illustrated Catalogue No.2

November 1989

Telephone : 062-886142 International : 61-62-886142

Facsimile : 062--<>01216

Price $5.00

TlllJST CJ\ [NF: TOOi.

Doui.: Mcivor

Grncmc Johnstone

Fronk llom

Ni!:cl L1Hnpc1·t

AND l'l!Or.ltt\HHI-:

I( <' " s K I , • 1 1

NEWSLETTEH COHM ITTr:1-:

l.11111p,•r·t. - E,L t nr·

1\) II II 1,,, :; I.

t\l,:x Mcl.c1111

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