news on_re_us/toxic_dump_fears on_re_us/toxic_dump_fears
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News
• http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071025/ap_on_re_us/toxic_dump_fears
• http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/environmentclimateun
• http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071025/ap_on_sc/coast_guard_arctic
Fire Whirl or Fire Tornado
Image courtesy of United States Marine Corps
Faster CO2 increases• Carbon Dioxide in Atmosphere Increasing • By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS• Filed at 10:16 p.m. ET October 22, 2007• NYTimes• WASHINGTON (AP) -- Just days after the Nobel prize was awarded
for global warming work, an alarming new study finds that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing faster than expected.
• Carbon dioxide emissions were 35 percent higher in 2006 than in 1990, a much faster growth rate than anticipated, researchers led by Josep G. Canadell, of Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, report in Tuesday's edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Weather
• Hot Air Rises
• Coriolis Force bends moving things to the right in the northern hemisphere
• Cold air holds less water
• Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
Hot Air Rises
Air can hold less water at
higher altitudes1. Hot air rises over land due to heating by the sun. 2. The rising air leaves less air in one spot, low pressure forms. 3. Generally, from 3,000 to 5,000 feet, the air cools, high pressure develops. 4. Meanwhile, over the cooler water, air sinks, leaving less air aloft. 5. More air piles up at the surface of the water, high pressure forms. 6. Air moves from high pressure to low pressure. 7. The sea breeze generally forms during the afternoon. This creates a mini cold front that helps lift air upward to create thunderstorms.
Hadley Cells
Image courtesy of NASA
Global Rainfall
Image courtesy of atmoz.org
Global Productivity
Image courtesy of NASA
Coriolis Force
• Result of earth spinning
• In Northern Hemisphere, Coriolis Force deflects moving objects to the RIGHT
• Force is proportional to velocity
• Force is a function of latitude (zero at equator)
Winds
Trade Winds
Westerlies
Image courtesy of NOAA
Surface Currents
Image courtesy of United States Federal Government
Global Conveyor Belt
Upwelling
Image courtesy of NOAA
El Nino
Normal pattern El Nino Conditions
Image courtesy of United States Federal Government
El Nino Conditions
Weather
• Hot Air Rises
• Coriolis Force bends moving things to the right in the northern hemisphere
• Cold air holds less water
• Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
• Land warms and cools faster than the ocean
What d you notice?
What do you notice?
Fronts
Cold front
Warm front
Tornadoes
Image courtesy of NOAA
Santa Ana Winds
• Warm Form– Santa Ana
• Winds from east, high pressure in Great Basin, low pressure over Pacific
• Descending cold, dry winds from Rockies/Sierra Nevadas
• Warms adiabatically in Fall and Winter
– 10C per 1000 m descent (29C per mile)
– http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/ASother/mm5/SantaAna/SA03_rhu_nowind.GIF
– Fohn• AlpsGermany• Crazy times
Image courtesy of NASA
Monsoons
• Indian Ocean• Land cools faster than
ocean in winter• Land warms faster
than ocean in summer
Image courtesy of Saravask, Wikipedia
SeaBreezes
Image courtesy of Jesús Gómez Fernández, Wikipedia
Image courtesy of Vaughan Weather, Wikipedia
Image courtesy of Federal Aviation Administration, Wikipedia
Rain Shadow
• Orographic Winds
• Adiabatic cooling with altitude
• Latent heat released with rain
Image courtesy of Wikipedia
Hurricanes
Hurricane Katrina
Image courtesy of NASA
Geostrophic Balance• Coriolis Force • Pressure Gradient Force• Strong cyclonic winds circulate
counterclockwise in the Northern hemisphere around a low pressure zone
LO
Image courtesy of WikipediaImage courtesy of NASA
Spiral Winds
• Friction slows wind
• CF reduced
Convection
• Hot, moist air rises• Colder,dry air
descends• More buoyancy
differences make “deeper” convection-thunderstorms
• RainBands
Image courtesy of NASA
Image courtesy of NASA
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Image courtesy of NASA
Conservation of Mass
• Air spiraling in• Conservation of
angular momentum– Smaller radius, higher
wind velocities
• Air must be exhausted (vented)
• Anticyclone at high altitude
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Hurricane Formation• Inter-Tropical
Convergence• Drifts off
equatorTropical depression
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Surface Cooling
• Extract latent heat of evaporation leaves cool tracks
Image courtesy of NASA
Image courtesy of NOAA
Nor’Easters
• Heat from warm ocean• Cold from land• Jet Stream disturbance
Image courtesy of NASA
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.