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Chandragiri fort built in 11thcentury.

Sri Krishna deva raya (1471-152!

1"4" ane##ed to $%&C%') *+,,*%,

West asia Sectarian conflicts

Sunnis /S Shias

Saudi ---sunnis

ran----Shias

Iraq

0itnessed a bloody hase of sectarian strife in the afterath of the 3.S. invasion


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arts of the country including the second largest city 6osul are still under the control

of slaic State.

Yemen

the Shia outhi rebels are fighting forces loyal to a Saudi-rotected governent led by

Sunnis.

Bahrain

Shia rebellion 0hich 0as crushed by a Sunni onarch 0ith the hel of the Saudi

,eason

cold 0ar bet0een Saudi )rabia and ran use sectarianis as a vehicle to a#iise their interests

)lliances

,iyadh (Saudi! has the suort of Sunni onarchs and dictators in the )rab 0orld

ran is aligned 0ith ra8 and Syria besides its ro#ies such as e9bollah in &ebanon and

the outhis in een

Cold 0ar intensified after e#ecution ofSheikh Nimr al-Nimr

a resected cleric aong the Shia counity

the driving force behind the 2:11 rotests in the country;s east insired by )rab

Sring rotests else0here

*ehran had reeatedly as


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Criti8ue

&egalising betting is certainly fraught 0ith robles> it 0ill oen the floodgates for

atch-fi#ing.

&egalising betting 0ould be nothing short of a betrayal to the lovers of the gae

India-Pakistan relations

*his should be a relationshi that is driven by neither ha0


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Safeguards ust be legally binding and coliance should be enforceable fle#ibility

can seed u ro@ect aroval but for ris for e#ale

1. the collase of a garent factory near haA. e#losions at a container storage station in *ian@in China.

t is not enough to have systes in lace ileentation and oversight need

strengthening. n articular do0nstrea suervision of ho0 safeguards are being

follo0ed on the ground needs to be bolstered but 0ithout 0ea


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S&66 re@ected the %li governent;s three-oint ac2. restoring oulation as the riary criteria for electoral constituency deliitationA. roortional reresentation in governent @obs4. issues relating to citi9enshi

)dded deands

1. deocratisation of the ary and other security agencies2. restructuring of the @udiciaryA. declaring 'eal a ulti-national state

4. e8ual status to other languages li


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o0 the Sense# is calculatedJ

free-float ar


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BS-.I norms

=S-/ is the ndian e8uivalent of the +uro-/ nors

)t resent =S-/ nors are being follo0ed in over A: cities 0hile the rest of the country

follo0ed =S- nors

=S-/ eission nors re8uire soe design changes in vehicles articularly ore bonnetsace.

+ach stage of ne0 technology re8uired validation of over "-7 la


8/57

*housands of reature deaths and rising rates of astha eisodes highlight the urgent need to

a


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sily involves transferring the subsidy aount directly to the beneficiaries; ban nevertheless this aroach has served the eobandi oveent 0ell.

*he structure and silicity of the educational syste that the ar-ul-3loo is based

uon is a rear


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*he highlights of the ne0 rocedure are

'e0 category to roote doestic anufacturing

including governent funding for ,U and

recognition of 6icro Sall and 6ediu +nterrises in technology develoent

6o" can india re&i&e its economic #ro"th in 81:

n 2:15

*he $lobal gro0th rate ro@ected by the nternational 6onetary und (6! is A.1 er

cent

)dvanced econoies gro0ing at around 2 er cent

eveloing econoies at 4 er cent

orld =an< estiates are even lo0er +uroe stubled through desite the roble of $reece rearing its head fro tie to

tie

oil-e#orting countries suffered ost 0ith a shar decline in oil rices along 0ith ,ussia

and /ene9uela

+ven countries 0hich had gained as a conse8uence of a fall in crude oil rices have not

really sho0n faster gro0th

)ong the develoing econoies the a@or concerns are centred at China. ith trade

surluses falling China has to turn to its doestic deand to sur the econoy. *here

are concerns about its financial syste.

)ong =,CS bloc ndia has sho0n a good erforance.

n 2:1"

*he 6 had ro@ected the global gro0th rate for 2:1" to be A." er cent

)dvanced econoies gro0ing at 2.2 er cent

eveloing econoies gro0ing at 4.5 er cent

)ong the advanced econoies the 3nited States sho0n an iroved erforance.

%il rices are not e#ected to rise 0hich eans that oil-roducing countries 0ill

continue to be in a libo

)ong the develoing econoies concerns about china continues and ay declinefurther

n 3.S the rise in interest rate ay have its o0n effects on caital flo0s to develoing

econoies

)s a conse8uence financial ar


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Suly side in agriculture the gro0th rate ay not be higher than revious year. *he

erratic 0eather in 2:15 does not hold out uch roise for 2:15-1".

*he services sector gro0th rate 0ill not be uch different fro that of the revious year

%nly ossibility of iroveent is in the industrial sector

for )ril-%ctober 2:15 sho0s a distinct iroveent over the corresonding eriod of therevious year

*he roble fro the deand side

e#ternal deand as reflected in the erforance of e#orts has been 0ea


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,ela#ing the fiscal consolidation ath is not a solution

) larger fiscal deficit 0ill not only ta


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it is iortant to recognise that accessibility and suort services for ersons 0ith severe

disabilities are indisensable to the rotection of their right to life bodily integrity and dignity

under the Constitution

e need an honest ac


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the 3nited Hihad Council (3HC! too< resonsibility for the attac


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single act of terroris today involves ultile countries

So any effective security easure to cobat terroris necessitates the inclusion and

cooeration of other countries

$C*

A: founding ebers (2 countries lus the +3!

$C* has facilitated nuerous tal


22/57

if ndia;s onsoon rainfall 0ere to di belo0 1: er cent of the noral and san bet0een 2: and

4: er cent of the country;s area called a FdeficientG year instead of an F)ll ndia rought earG

0here the deficit e#ceeds 4: er cent and 0ould have been called an F)ll ndia Severe roughtearG 0ill no0 be a F&arge eficient earG.

*he 6 has never used the ter FdroughtG in its forecasts

eclaring droughts 0as the rerogative of States

eteorological drought ? : er cent shortfall of the average onsoon rainfall

but not sufer an agricultural drought ?if the shortfall didn;t afect ore than 2: er cent

of the State;s area.

rought is not a easure of roductivity (agricultural!.

+f#han Peace (rocess

stalled )fghan eace rocess and end nearly 15 years of bloodshed

*aliban fighting to re-iose their strict brand of slaist rule

eace efforts last year stalled after the *aliban announced that their founder 6ullah

6ohaad %ar had been dead for t0o years

*he *aliban 0ho 0ere ousted in 2::1 reain slit on 0hether to ta


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C,) 6oody;s ndian affiliate e#ects ndia;s gross value added at basic rices to e#and 7.7

er cent in 2:1"-17 coared 0ith the 7.2 er cent gro0th ro@ected for 2:15-1".

)nticiates a boost in consution fro ay revisions for governent eloyees and

ensioners

otential uturn in agriculture therefore rural deand ic


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account of urchases and sales of foreign e#change by the ,=

incoe arising out of the deloyent of the foreign e#change reserves

e#ternal aid receits of the Central $overnent

the effects of revaluation of the assets

*BI inter&ention in the currenc' market

intervention in the currency ar


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n@ury caused to one ilot 0hale could have ilications for an entire od as these s8uid-

eating creatures generally found in deeer troical and sub-troical 0aters across the

0orld act in a gregarious anner and could fatally follo0 a sic< individual to the shore as

a grou

stranding of 4: short-finned ilot 0hales recorded in +li9abeth =ay 'orth )ndaan in

2:12undersea earth8ua


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7inancial Literac' Sur&e'

*he recent ,atings Services $lobal inancial &iteracy Survey conducted by Standard U oor;s

sho0s that ndia scored a lo0 24 er cent aong the =,CS countries (=ra9il ,ussia ndia

China and South )frica! against the average of 2B er cent and the highest of 42 er cent (South

)frica!.

*he study atteted to cature the ercentage of Tfinancially literate; adults based on four

concets

1. ris< diversification2. inflationA. interest calculation4. coounding

*ele&ance of +nnual %ud#et in India

ndia sees to be slo0ly focussing ore on a long-ter fiscal olicy rather than on the

annual =udget.

not only iarts econoic stability but also ensures continuity and sustainable gro0th

)lso in a country that is on an ascending curve id-year ad@ustents should be allo0ed

to be ade

=udgets have been reduced to a ere accounting e#erciseO

+arlier the iort olicy could a


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econoic and infrastructural bac


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corner cube retro reflectors for laser ranging.

the nternational *ribunal for the &a0 of the Sea (*&%S!

taly has invo


29/57

the radhan 6antri asal =ia o@ana relacing the e#isting 'ational )gricultural

nsurance Schee (')S! as 0ell as the odified ')S

*he farer;s share of reiu has been substantially reduced and the governent 0ill

rovide subsidy on reiu

governent liability on reiu subsidy 0ould be shared by the Central and State

governents on a 5:O5: basis

1.5 er cent for all rabi cros

n case of annual coercial cros such as cotton and horticultural cros it 0ill be only

five er cent

'o uer liit on governent subsidy. +ven if the balance reiu is : er cent it 0ill

be borne by the governent.

The can'on s'stem

ade u of a chain of 0inding and linear features buried under several


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*his stateent


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*his deficit in the budget can be calculated based on various factors and deending uon

the forula used ay be called 0ith different naes li


32/57

creation of scientific storage caacity 0ith allied facilities in rural areas to eet the

re8uireents of farers for storing far roducerocessed far roduce and

agricultural inuts

rootion of grading

standardi9ation and 8uality control of agricultural roduce to irove their ar


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entrereneur ay obtain a licence to oerate the godo0n if re8uired by the State $overnent

concerned under the State arehousing )ct or any other relevant la0s

structurally sound on account of engineering considerations and functionally suitable to store the

agricultural roduce

rural godo0ns of 1::: tonnes caacity and ore should get accreditation fro Central

arehousing Cooeration (CC!

Credit &in


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farmer suicides

*here is a need of farer oriented olicy and not ace"s

first igrant He0ish grou entered the ndian subcontinent about 15:: years ago

*he study relating to the uni8ue blend of ndian and 6iddle +astern )ncestry has been

ublished in the recent issue of the 'ature;s online @ournal TScientific ,eorts

the He0ish igrants arried local eole and as a result their original He0ish genoe got

diluted

ue to adi#ture 0ith local eole for several generations their genetic utations

0hich a given enough tie their

bottos 0ill gradually reach a baseline elevation?0hich is the sae elevation as the

body of 0ater it 0ill eventually drain into

*his action 0hen the river source and outh are at uch different base elevations 0ill

for a canyonarticularly through regions 0here softer roc< layers are interingled 0ith

harder layers ore resistant to 0eathering

) canyon ay also refer to a rift bet0een t0o ountain ea


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Canyons 0ithin ountains or gorges that have an oening on only one side are called

bo# canyons

Slot canyons are very narro0 canyons often 0ith sooth 0alls

6ost canyons 0ere fored by a rocess of long-tie erosion fro a lateau or table-land

level. *he cliffs for because harder roc< strata that are resistant to erosion and

0eathering reain e#osed on the valley 0alls

Canyons are uch ore coon in arid than in 0et areas because hysical 0eathering

has a ore locali9ed effect in arid 9ones

*he 0ind and 0ater fro the river cobine to erode and cut a0ay less resistant aterials

*he free9ing and e#ansion of 0ater also serves to hel for canyons. ater sees into

crac


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Changes in a


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f the abition is to truly a


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ho0 aceboo< used its onooly social net0orissueif aceboo< does a siilar caaign t0o 0ee


39/57

the biggest source of tensions bet0een ndia and China the border issue in Hau and

Kashir is geograhically lin


40/57

*he undaental uties of citi9ens 0ere added to the Constitution by the 42nd

)endent in 17" uon the recoendations of the S0aran Singh Coittee that

0as constituted by the governent earlier that year

borro0ed the concet of undaental uties fro 3SS,

brought our Constitution in line 0ith article 2 (1! of the 3niversal eclaration of

uan ,ights and 0ith rovisions in several odern Constitutions of other countries

suggested that a fe0 ore undaental uties

duty to vote in an electionduty to ay ta#es ay be added in due course

undaental uties have the eleent of coulsion regarding coliance.

Corehensive legislation is needed for clauses (a! (c! (e! (g! and (i!

*he reaining 5 clauses 0hich are e#hortation of basic huan values have to be develoed

aongst citi9ens through the education syste by creating roer and graded curricular inut

fro riary level of education to the higher and rofessional levels..

Hustice /ara Coittee 0as constituted in 1B Fto 0or< out a strategy as 0ell as

ethodology of oerationali9ing a country0ide rograe for teaching fundaental uties in

every educational institution as a easure of inservice training

legal rovisions

n order to ensure that no disresect is sho0n to the 'ational lag Constitution of ndia

and the 'ational anthethe revention of nsults to 'ational onour )ct 171 0as enacted*he +bles and 'aes (revention of roer 3se! )ct 15: 0as enacted soon after

indeendence inter alia to revent iroer use of the 'ational lag and the 'ational

)nthelag Code of ndia 0hich has been ade available to all the State $overnents and

3nion territory )dinistration (3*s!.n order to ensure that the correct usage regarding

the dislay of the 'ational lag is 0ell understood nuber of rovisions in the e#isting criinal la0s

under Section 15A) of the ndian enal Code (C!activities 0hich encourage enity bet0een different grous of eole on grounds of

religion race lace of birth residence language etc. are ade8uately unished. ritings

seeches gestures activities e#ercise drills etc. aied at creating a feeling of insecurity

or ill-0ill aong the ebers of other counities etc. have been rohibitedunder Section 15A = of the C


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utations and assertions re@udicial to the national integration constitute a unishable

offenceunder the rovisions of 3nla0ful )ctivities (revention! )ct 1"7) Counal organi9ation can be declared unla0ful associationSections 25-2B of the C (Chater X/!

%ffences related to religionrovisions of the rotection of Civil ,ights )ct 155 (earlier the 3ntouchability

(%ffences! )ct 155!. Sections 12A(A! and 12A(A)! of the ,eresentation of eole )ct 151

soliciting of vote on the ground of religion and the rootion or attet to roote

feelings of enity or hatred bet0een different classes of citi9ens of ndia on the grounds

of religion race caste counity or language is a corrut ractice) erson indulging in a corrut ractice can be dis8ualified for being a 6eber of

arliaent or a State &egislature under Section B) of the ,eresentation of eole )ct

151

>aish-e-0ohammad

Set u by 6asood )9har

)fter he 0as released at Kandahar by the ndian governent in 1 in e#change for

hostages on board C-B14 2::1 arliaent attacaco%

one of the heroes of the 171 0ar 0ith a


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a crucial role in negotiating the surrender of a


43/57

elfare of transgender eole

filed a etition in the Suree Court to grant legal status to transgender eole +ncouraging organic faring

+utomation of ;o%s

orld eveloent ,eort (,!

)utoation of @obs 0as in soe cases leading to ine8ualities in the labour ar


44/57

The Com(rehensi&e 2conomic Partnershi( +#reement--Canada-India free trade

a#reement

nstead to focus on coleting the ratification rocess of the *ransacific artnershi(the 3.S.-led ega regional *) bet0een 12 acific ri nations including Canada!

ndia is not a art of the *

0anted ndia to first ensure that the bilateral oreign nvestent rootion and

rotection )greeent ()! is signed and brought into force before roceeding 0ith

the *) tal


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6'-for0ard; is to ensure that future concessions ? accorded by ndia to

any other trading artner country under a bilateral act ? are e#tended

autoatically to Canada as 0ell and vice-versandia has oosed F6'for0ardG saying each *) is in


46/57

,s. 22 in =angladesh

,s. 1 in Cuba

,s. 14 in taly

'eal and Srilan


47/57

Caacity =uilding and strengthening of hosital infection control to detect and revent

anti-icrobial resistance in ndia;

@ointly e#ecuted by the ndian Council of 6edical ,esearch (C6,! the )ll ndia

nstitute of 6edical Sciences ()6S! and the ndia oice of Centers for isease Control

and revention (CC

F*he ro@ect 0ill a surveillance of bloodstrea infections ventilator ac8uired

neuonia and other hosital-ac8uired infections

2&olutiion of constitution--(art

*he history of the fraing of the Constitution is a history of conflicting and clashing

hilosohies

*he Constitution;s fundaental rights chater grants

rights to individuals against the state

to individuals against other individuals

grous and counities against the state

as a final layer allo0s the state to restrict these rights for various reasons of

social and ublic interest

)rticle 25(1!

guarantees to all ersons the right to freely rofess ractise and roagate their religion

)rticle 2"(b!

grants to religious denoinations the right to anage their o0n affairs in the atter of religion

%verriding both these

)rticle 25(2!

allo0s state intervention in religious ractice if it is for the urose of Fsocial 0elfare or refor

or the thro0ing oen of indu religious institutions of a ublic character to all classes and

sections of indus

uring the debates in the Constituent )ssebly =.,. )bed


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%ver the years the Suree Court has itself restricted the scoe of the religious

rotection clause to Fessential ractices of a religionGholding that the state cannot use the refor clause to Frefor a religion out of e#istenceGit has nonetheless held that asects beyond essential ractices have no rotection fro

state intervention

the Sabariala governing board;s arguent

rohibition of 0oen is @ustified by Fcusto

Kerala indu laces of ublic orshi ()uthorisation of +ntry! ,ules 1"5

erit rohibiting 0oen fro accessing laces of 0orshi 0here FcustoG or FusageG re8uires

it

*he right to freedo of religion under )rticle 25(1! is enforceable against the state and not

against other individuals or cororate bodies

0hether the *ravancore evas0o =oard 0hich controls access to the shrine can be e8uated to

the FstateG.

n fact in an earlier decision the Kerala igh Court already aears to have held that it

can.

.

reviously the Suree Court has held that cororate bodies that are Ffunctionally

financially and adinistrativelyG under the control of the state can be e8uated to the statefor the uroses of fundaental rights.

autonoous

*ravancore evas0o =oard is an autonoous body.

it derives its ain incoe fro the adinistration of the tele.

its ebers are aointed bythe State legislature

*herefore

it ight be difficult to argue that the board is functionally or financially under the control of the

state

if the board cannot be e8uated 0ith the state then the constitutional right under )rticle 25(1! is

not enforceable against it.


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*he Suree Court has held that if one rivate arty obstructs another rivate arty fro

e#ercising her constitutional right then it is the duty of the state to effectuate her right by

restraining the forer fro continuing 0ith its obstruction.

*herefore the 0oen 0orshiers ay as< the court to direct the state to ta


50/57

ith any )divasis no0 having access to obile hones 0e need to train and encourage

the to record their songs and reort their robles in their language on latfors such

asC$'et S0ara a voice-based online ortal that allo0s eole in the Central $ond0ana

region to reort local ne0s by a


51/57

or instance bet0een 2::A and 2:14 there 0ere 11 ne0 iortation events into

reviously olio-free countries. *hese iortations resulted in A7"A reorted cases in 4A countries according to a aer

ublished in Hune 2:15 in the @ournal =6C 6edicine. n 2:11 e#ortation of olio fro a there 0ere t0o deaths as 0ell. n eceber 2:12 olio virus fro a


52/57

Pu%lic 6ealth s(endin# in india

ndia contributes to 21 er cent of the global disease burden but has one of the lo0est

ublic health sending in the 0orld )lthough there has been raid econoic gro0th in the country in the ast t0o decades

funding to ublic health care surrisingly has not been a riority for successivegovernents

one of the fastest gro0ing econoies in the 0orld sends only 1.A er cent of $ on

ublic health lo0est aong the =,CS nation

*he draft 'ational ealth olicy 2:15 docuent highlighted

the need to increase ublic health funding to reach 2.5 er cent of the $ by 2:2:a uch needed and 0elcoe ste 0hich ho0ever ay not be sufficient given the

agnitude of the roble. *he rivate sector lays a inial role in reventive health care

6ost ndians access the generally e#ensive rivate sector for curative care even forinor ailents

$iven the large oulation lo0 ercaita incoe and a high burden of disease in ndia

the country needs high 8uality corehensive riary care that is free or easily

affordable at the oint of service and iartially accessible to all highly inade8uate sending and an acute aucity of trained ano0er.

influ# of funds to address the various infrastructural and technological deficiencies is

urgently needed. *he a@ority of the oulation in ndia lives in the rural areas and strengthening rural

ublic health care systes should be an iediate riority.

trust to0ards the highly stretched ublic health care syste is eroding and driving alosteveryone to0ards the highly unregulated rivate sector

*he '* )ayog is of the oinion that the rivate sector 0ould need to lay a significant

role and has suggested the need for a universal health insurance schee.. insurance schees have their liitations

denial of certain services for any categories of illnessesoversuly of soe services in the rivate sector

*ashtri'a S"asth'a Bima Yo;ana 3*SBY4 scheme

*he 0or


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%ne of the a@or insecurities for 0or


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A. Contribution by resective State $overnents(a! 25N of the annual reiu as 0ell as any additional reiu(b! *he adinistrative and other related cost of adinistering the schee 0ould

be borne by the resective State $overnents

Shortcoings

1. the issing coonents of outatient care as art of the schee2. the roble of e#clusion--=& failies 0ho are entitled to the schee

but do not figure on the list

Is ne" cro( insurance (anacea for all ills,

'ational )gricultural nsurance Schee (')S! of 1 and 6odified ')S of 2:1:

failing to address the concerns of the farers that range frohigh reiu

lin


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7iscal *es(onsi%ilit' and Bud#et 0ana#ement +ct-8

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