newman's health as expanding consciousness[1] (1)

8/10/2019 Newman's Health as Expanding Consciousness[1] (1)

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Julie Kalendek, RN

Lisa Little, RN

Nattallie Masso, BSN, RN

Wilmington University MSN 6501


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Dr. Newman studied nursing at the University of Tennessee, Memphis

She received her graduate degree at the University of California inmedical-surgical nursing, and received her masters degree in 1964.

She earned her PhD at New York University in 1972, where she studied

with Martha Rogers

She served as a director of nursing at a clinical research center, and taught

nursing at Penn State University (1977-1984) and at University ofMinnesota (1984-1996)

In 1978 Dr. Newman began to articulate her ideas on the theory of health

in nursing.


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According to Newmans theory, no matter how terrible a personssituation, the person can tune into their own self-consciousness andbecome one with herself or himself and find a greater meaning andopportunity for connectedness with others.

Consciousness = informational capacity of the system System = the human being

Interconnectedness of all living organisms

Health and Illness as a unitary process

Health and evolving pattern of consciousness are the same

Persons are identified by their pattern ( the pattern of health and disease)

Link to Newmans web page herehttp://www.healthasexpandingconsciousness.org/home/
http://www.healthasexpandingconsciousness.org/home/http://www.healthasexpandingconsciousness.org/home/


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Many of Newman's thoughts came from the work of Martha Rogers Defined energy fields as the fundamental unit of living things

Person, family and environment exist as an interconnected, unitary

whole

A unitary human being is pandimensional and is manifested by

characteristics that are specific to the whole and which cannot be

predicted from knowledge of the parts (Rogers, 1990, as quoted in Pharris,2005, p. 218)


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Margaret Newman wrote many articles describing and refining her

theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness

In her article The Pattern that Connects, she describes the nature

and development of nursing knowledge:

Development of nursing knowledge has evolved from an emphasis on parts to

focus on the unitary pattern as a whole.Praxis research with the intent of

pattern recognition reveals the nature of nursing practice focus on pattern

represents a shift to a higher dimension which includes and transcends

previous nursing knowledge (Newman, 2002).


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Health encompasses diseaseand non-disease states

When disease is present, it isa manifestation of theunderlying pattern of theperson

This pattern is present beforethe physiological changes ofthe disease are manifested

Health is the expansion ofconsciousness

(Newman, 1979, as quoted inPharris, 2005, p. 219)

According to Newman, health andillness are expressions of the lifeprocess

Are NOT opposite ends of aspectrum

Are NOT opposite sides of acoin

A world of opposites is aworld of conflict (Newman,2003, p. 240)

At the highest level ofconsciousness, all opposites

are reconciled (Newman,2003, p. 241)


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Our nursing responsibility is to help patients let go of the artificial boundaries they haveimposed on their lives and get in touch with the whole (Newman, 2003).

-Parts of a persons underlying pattern, that emerge from interaction:

-Physical signs and appearances

-Mental/cognitive insights

-Emotional expressions

-Spiritual insights

-Nurses must strive for pattern recognition and knowing the patient on a

deep level

-Nurseclient relationship often begins in times of disruption, uncertainty,

and unpredictability-Newman recognizes that nurses are change by their interactions with

patients,just as patients are changed by their interactions with the nurses.


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Moch (1990)

Studied women with breast cancer

Focused on their relationships with significant others

Discovered a pattern of health within illness (Moch, 1998)


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Yamashita (1999)

Studied caregivers of people withschizophrenia

Discovered themes of strugglingalone and lack of connectedness,especially from health care providers

Pattern recognition helped them todiscover new coping mechanisms

Result: reported feeling deepenedconnection with providers and withperson with schizophrenia(Yamashita, 1999)

Neill (2002)

Studied women with rheumatoid

arthritis

During second interview phase,

after reviewing diagram, gave

patients a camera to record whatwas meaningful to them

Third interview involved using the

pictures to focus on points of

personal growth (Neill, 2002)
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_hh-jwSDpt40/Sk_77rtd46I/AAAAAAAAAqc/C1xQSIOGyBo/s400/woman-doing-tai-chi_0.inline.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://dnamazing.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/rheumatoid-arthritis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://dnamazing.com/rheumatoid-arthritis-usual-suspect-genes/&usg=__w4JcYQ-lf9DtqDSRl1suVYKbwbk=&h=609&w=402&sz=65&hl=en&start=56&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Gv2aDeA2C-JqJM:&tbnh=136&tbnw=90&prev=/images?q=pictures+woman+arthritis&start=42&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&ndsp=21&tbs=isch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mynaturesrite.com/index_files/images/woman-without-arthritis-pain.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mynaturesrite.com/index_files/NaturalJointPainReliefTreatment.php&usg=__ZYQTCQfFnJFDN1trg4M6r0oINng=&h=471&w=337&sz=62&hl=en&start=44&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=4x2l47O1uMJMiM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=92&prev=/images?q=pictures+woman+arthritis&start=42&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&ndsp=21&tbs=isch:1


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Pharris (2002) Worked with youth incarcerated for

homicide

Used pattern recognition process forcommunity dialogue

Brought together youth with juveniledetention staff, social workers, ED

nurses and physicians, youthworkers, and educators

Youth reported increased feelings ofconnectedness, improvedrelationships, and changed behaviors(Pharris, 2002)

Pharris and Endo (2007) Nurses in hospital unit learn

about HEC theory

Encouraged to journal about their

experiences and to identify

moments of expanding

consciousness in their patientsand themselves

Nurses come together for regular

meetings to share insights

(Pharris & Endo, 2007)


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I try to maintain awareness of not only how I am affecting my patient, but to also

reflect on how all of my patients affect me. This attitude keeps me open toconnecting in new situations and to many kinds of people. It helps me to try and

focus on the whole person, not just their current condition. (Julie Kalendek)

Each day by encouraging my patients to give it their all, and reach a higher power

to recover from their heart surgery. Giving them positive reinforcement, letting

them know that each day will get better, giving them hope that they can live a full

life, once they make it through the recuperation period. This encouragement helps

my patients connect with their inner strength and inner being and helps them

move on. (Lisa Little)

"Keeping a positive attitude in the work field, and applying a holistic approach tomy field to help patient's get through tough moments, making sure they know that

I am here for them" (Nattallie Masso)


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It is time to break with a paradigm of health that focuses on power,manipulation, and control and move to one of reflective, compassionate

consciousness(Newman, 1997, as quoted in Pharris, 2005, p. 220).


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References

Jones, D. A. (2006). Newmans health as expanding consciousness [Electronic version]. NursingScience Quarterly, 19(4), 330-332.

Moch, S. D. (1998). Health within illness: concept development through research and practice[Electronic version].Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(2), 305-310.

Neill, J. (2002). Transcendence and transformation in the life patterns of women living with

rheumatoid arthritis [Electronic version]. Advances in Nursing Science, 24(4), 27-47. Newman, M. A. (2010). Overview. In Health as expanding consciousness. Retrieved March 22,

2010, fromhttp://healthasexpandingconsciousness.org/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6

Newman, M. A. (2003). A world of no boundaries [Electronic version]. Advances in NursingScience, 26(4), 240-245.

Newman. M. A. (2002). The pattern that connects [Electronic version]. Advances in NursingScience, 24(3), 1-7.

Pharris, M. D. (2005). Margaret A. Newmans theory of health as expanding consciousness andits applications. In M. E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories and nursing practice(2nded.). (pp. 217-233). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

Pharris, M. D. (2002). Coming to know ourselves as a community through a nursingpartnership with adolescents convicted of murder [Electronic version]. Advances in NursingScience, 24(3), 21-42.

Pharris, M. D. and Endo, E. (2007). Flying free: the evolving nature of nursing practice guidedby the theory of health as expanding consciousness [Electronic version].Nursing ScienceQuarterly, 20(2), 136-140.

Yamashita, M. (1999). Newmans theory of health applied in family caregiving in Canada[Electronic version]. Nursing Science Quarterly, 12(73), 73-79.

newman's health as expanding consciousness[1] (1)

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