newgate gaol: catalogue of drawings in sir john soane's museum

SAHGB Publications Limited

Newgate Gaol: Catalogue of Drawings in Sir John Soane's MuseumAuthor(s): John SummersonSource: Architectural History, Vol. 2 (1959), pp. 41-49Published by: SAHGB Publications LimitedStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1568219 .

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NEWGATE GAOL CATALOGUE OF DRAWINGS IN SIR JOHN SOANE'S MUSEUM

Newgate was rebuilt under the Act 7 Geo. III, c.37 (1767) and the first stone was laid by Alderman Beckford on 31 May 1770. It was still incom- plete when the old gaol was burnt to the ground in the Gordon riots of 1780 and there are contract drawings in the Dance collection dated as late as 1783. On 9 December in that year the first execution took place within the new building.

The following catalogue describes the twenty-three items relating to Newgate in the Soane Museum. Only the size and not the scale of the drawings is given, no standard scales being used.

41



NEWGATE GAOL CATALOGUE OF DRAWINGS IN SIR JOHN SOANE'S MUSEUM

* 1. Ground plan and elevation 1' 6?"x3' 5". Two sheets joined. WM: Villedary. ' Plan and Elevation of a Design for the Gaol of Newgate'. Legend, A-K. Signature in left margin: 'James Hodges'. Probably the earliest of the drawings in the Soane. The plan is very nearly as executed but the elevation is much simpler than in any of the succeeding drawings. The sheet attached to the r. (not reproduced) shows a separate building, linked to the main structure by a wall with gateways. This is the proposed Sessions House of which there is an elevation in the Soane Museum (Dance, iv, 5).

2. First floor plan. 1' 6"x2' 3" WM: Villedary. 'Plan of the Second Floor of a Design for the Gaol of Newgate'. Legend, A-F. Endorsed 'Small Drawgs of Newgate & Sessns Hse'.' Same scale and probably part of the same set as No. 1. The five following are a set from which the ground plan, main elevation and perhaps others are missing. All 1' 6"x2' 3" approx. WM: device combining P and L. The design is here considerably developed but is at a stage preceding the contract drawings.

3. 'Plan of the Cellars and Foundations'. * 4. 'Plan of the Second [i.e., first] Floor and Section through the Courts

from North to South'. * 5. 'Plan of the Third Story and Elevation of the Back Front of ye

Building ' * 6. 'North Elevation next Newgate Street'. 'South Elevation next

Sessions House'. 'Plan of the Roofing'. * 7. 'Section through the Chaple etc. from North to South' 'Section

through the Debtors Prison from East to West'. 'Section through the Chaple, Keepers House etc. from East to West'. 8. Contract ground-plan. 1' 11 "x 5' 1" Much worn and mounted on

linen. WM invisible. Fully dimensioned with brick and stone shown in different tints. Signed as 'exhibited to me' by the following: Geo. Wyatt, 9 June 1769; John Devall Jun., Jno. Read, Joshua Hobson, and Geo. Welling, 16 June 1769.

* 9. Contract elevation. 1' 9" x 5' 1?". Condition as No. 9. Monochrome. Signed by the same contractors on the same dates as the previous, omitting Geo. Welling.

10. Site plan 1' 9""x4' 91". Four sheets joined. WM: Villedary. Outline plan of gaol and Sessions House coloured pink with existing buildings grey. The latter include Mr Akermans House' and 'Phenix Court'. Dimensioned. No scale.

42



11. Ground plan. 1' 2" x2' 0?". WM: J. Whatman. As contract plan (No. 9) but with minor variations. Tinted for brick and stone. Sessions House not shown. Some pencil notes (calculations) and an instruction in ink to a clerk to 'take plan of 1 p & 2 pr floor' over an area indicated by a cross. Endorsed 'General Plan of Newgate'.

* 12. Detail of typical window. 1' 1"x 1' 7" mounted on thick paper. No WM. Half exterior and half interior elevation, plan and section. Shows glazing with metal (? lead) cames, bars, rendering and flush wood lining of interior.

13. Foundation and drainage plan. 2' 4"x2' 10". Two sheets joined. WM: Villedary. Fragment of a plan originally about double this size. Foundations are coloured or hatched in eight different ways to show variations in depth. Five different sewer or drain sections are given to a larger scale. The two following statements are signed by John Fulcher. 'All the Several Drains Are Executed Agreable to those Sections' and 'All the Several Drains Cespools Wells & Privys are Executed as they Are Drawn on this Plan'. Among the many notes is one recording some work done on 12 September 1771 and this does not appear to be later than the drawing as a whole. Fully dimensioned. Rough scale in pencil.

14. Section through south quadrangle looking west 1' 7'"x2' 0?". WM: D. & C. Blauw IV. Tinted to show materials. 'Section of the South Quadrangle of the Gaol of Newgate'. Marked 'No. 2' in top l.h. corner and 'Exhibited to us the 22d of May 1783' followed by these autographs: Dan' Pinder, Thomas Silk, John Mackenzie, W. Bosworth Mason, John Dowley, John Banner, Tho. Barlow and Ralph Monk, presumably tradesmen.

15. Elevation of door-way. 1' 8"x 1' 2". WM: fleur-de-lis on shield under crown. 'Elevation of Doorway for the Cover'd Way to the Sessions-house for the Judges'. Marked 'No. 12' in top r.h. corner. Also 'Exhibited to us the 22d of May 1783' followed by the auto- graph of Henry Banner only. Shows SW angle of gaol to full height on 1. and another building on r., with proposed gateway (tinted brown) between. An ornamental iron gate is shown in the segmental-headed opening. Endorsed 'Plans & Elevations to coverd way of Sessions House' and 'No. 6'. On the verso a partly drawn bird's-eye perspective in ink very similar to No. 17 but to smaller scale.

* 16. Bird's-eye perspective from West. 1' 2"x 2' 5". No WM. Ink, tinted and shaded, with sky-effect. Shows the south court as finally built in 1783.

17. West elevation. 1' 7" x 3' 7". No WM. Ink; no wash. Shows fagade as finally executed.

18. Plan, elevation and long section in outline. 1' 8"x2' 2". No. WM.

43



Scale and a few dimensions, with tentative suggestions for attic storeys over pavilions. 1783 or later.

19. Plan of water-supply in north part of gaol. 1' 3"x x1 1". WM: C. Patch. Rough diagrammatic drawing showing old and new lines of pipe.

20. Plan of first ('Parlor') floor of Keeper's House. 1 l" x ' 77". No WM. Marked 'No. 6' in top l.h. corner. Tinted for materials.

21. Perspective from NW. 2' 21"x3' 31". WM: J. Whatman 1811. Grey wash. Although the gaol is shown as finally built, without pediment, some details of the lower part are not as executed.

22. Elevation of W. front. 2' 11"x6' 41". Two sheets joined together. WMs: J. Whatman 1811 and F. & C. Wise 1813. This is a virtual copy of the contract elevation of 1769 (No. 9).

23. Engraving of W. elevation. ' 3g"x2' 52". Probably engraved from the contract elevation (No. 10) whose shadows are reversed in the print, while the slope of the plinth is correctly maintained. Dedication: 'To Sr Robert Ladbroke Knt. Alderman & Father of the City of London and the rest of the Gentlemen of the Committee appointed to Rebuild the Gaol of Newgate this Elevation of the West Front is Humbly Inscrib'd by their most Oblig'd Humble Servant George Dance'. 'R. Baldwin Sculp'. A few MS dimensions.

* Drawings marked thus are reproduced on pages 45-49.

JOHN SUMMERSON.

44



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newgate gaol: catalogue of drawings in sir john soane's museum

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