new zealand animals

7/28/2019 New Zealand Animals

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KiwiKiwi areflightless birdsendemic toNew Zealand, in

thegenusApteryxand family Apterygidae. At

around the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are by

far the smallest livingratitesand lay the

largesteggin relation to their body size of any

species of bird in the world.

[3]

There are fiverecognised species, two of which are

currentlyvulnerable, one of which isendangered,

and one of which iscritically endangered. All species

have been adversely affected by

historicdeforestationbut currently large areas of

their forest habitat are well protected in reserves

and national parks. At present, the greatest threat to

their survival is predation by invasive mammalian

predators.

The kiwi is a national symbol of New Zealand, and the association is so strong that the term Kiwiis used all over theworld as the colloquialdemonymfor New Zealanders.

Kea

The Kea(/ki./;Mori:[k.a];Nestor notabilis) is a large

species ofparrot(superfamilyStrigopoidea) found in

forested and alpine regions of theSouth IslandofNew

Zealand. About 48 cm (19 in) long, it is mostly olive-green

with a brilliant orange under its wings and has a large,

narrow, curved, grey-brown upper beak. The Kea is the

world's only alpine parrot. Its omnivorous diet

includescarrion,[2]

but consists mainly of roots, leaves,

berries, nectar, and insects. Now uncommon, the Kea

was once killed for bounty due to concerns by the sheep-

farming community that it attacked livestock, especially

sheep.[3]

It received full protection only in 1986.[4]

The Kea nests in burrows or crevices among the roots of

trees. Kea are known for theirintelligenceandcuriosity,

both vital to their survival in a harsh mountainenvironment. Kea can solve logical puzzles, such as

pushing and pulling things in a certain order to get to food,

and will work together to achieve a certain objective.
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New Zealand red admiralThe New Zealand Red Admiral (Vanessa gon eri l la) is abutterflythat isendemictoNew Zealand. The Mori name

is kahukura which means red cloak. The Red Admiral is a member of the familyNymphalidae, the sub-

familyNymphalinaeas well as the tribeNymphalini.

There are twosub-speciesofVanessa gonerilla, V.

g. gonerilla, which occurs on the mainland of New

Zealand, and V. g. ida, which occurs on

theChatham Islands.

A medium sized butterfly with a 5060mm

wingspan.[1][2]

The top side of the forewings is

basically black with a central bright red bar running

back from the front edge. There are white spots,

fringed with light blue, near the tips. The rear wings

are more a dark reddy brown with a red area

containing four black circles. The centre of each

circle is pale blue. The underside of the rear wings

is a mottled collection of shapes and

white/brown/black colours very camouflaged when

at rest.

Hector's dolphinHector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) is the best-known of the fourdolphinsin thegenusCephalorhynchus and

is found only inNew Zealand. At about 1.4 m in length, it is one of the smallestcetaceans, and New Zealand's

onlyendemiccetacean.

Hectors dolphin was named after SirJames Hector(18341907). He was the curator of the Colonial Museum

inWellington(now theMuseum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa). He examined the first specimen found of the

dolphin. The species was scientifically described by Belgian zoologistPierre-Joseph van Benedenin 1881.

There are twosubspecies:Cephalorhynchus hectori hectori, the more numerous subspecies, found around theSouth

Island, andMaui's dolphin(Cephalorhynchus hectori maui), found off the northwest coast of theNorth Island.[2]

Maui's

dolphin is one of the eight most endangered groups of cetaceans. A Department of Conservation survey found only 55

adults in 2010/2013.
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KatipoLatrodectus katipo, the katipo, is anendangered speciesofspidernative toNew Zealand. A member of

the genusLatrodectus, it is related to theAustralianredback spider, and theNorth Americanblack widow

spiders. The species is venomous to humans, capable of delivering a comparatively dangerousspider bite.

Katipo is aMoriname and means "night-stinger". It is a small to medium-sized spider with the female

having a round black or brown pea-sized body. Red katipo females, found in theSouth Islandand the lower

half of theNorth Island, are always black, and have a distinctive red stripe bordered in white on their

bodies. In black katipo females, found in the upper half of the North Island, this stripe is absent, pale,

yellow, or replaced with cream-coloured blotches. The two forms were previously thought to be separate

species, but 2008 research determined they were the same species with different colouration. The male is

much smaller than the female and quite different in appearance, being white with black stripes and red

diamond shaped markings. Katipo have a narrowhabitat, being only found living in sand dunes close to the

seashore. They range throughout most ofcoastalNew Zealand, but are not found at the southernmost

regions. Spinning an irregular tangled web amongst dune plants or other debris, they feed mainly on

ground dwellinginsects.
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