new technologies wireless communication really personal computers network object-oriented processing...
TRANSCRIPT
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New Technologies
Wireless Communication
Really Personal Computers
Network Object-Oriented Processing
The Changing Internet
The Next Big Thing
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Wireless Communication
• Site Wireless Networking
• 802.11– For large site networks with many stations
• Bluetooth– For a few devices close to one another– Personal area networking
• May Interfere with Each Other if Both are Implemented
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Wireless Communication• Metropolitan Wireless Networking
– For an urban area– Exists now, but slow (around 9,600 bps)– Soon 100 kbps– Megabit (up to 3 Mbps) services coming– Will make notebooks, etc. far more useful
• Satellite Wireless Networking– Megabit speeds anywhere
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Wireless Communication
• Cellular Systems– Service area is broken up into several small
areas called cells
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Wireless Communication
• Cellular Systems– Within each cell, there is a cellsite that
transmits to and receives from cellular devices
Cellsite
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Wireless Communication• Cellular Systems
– Channel reuse. Channels can be reused in non-adjacent cells
No
No
YesNo
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
UsesChannel
232
Can ReuseCh. 232?
Channel 232Used in 4 cells
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Wireless Communication• Cellular Systems
– Channel reuse is very important because available frequencies are very limited
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Wireless Communication
• The Wireless Revolution– New freedom for users– Anything, anytime, anywhere– Likely to spawn new applications
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Really Personal Computing
• Both Desktop PCs and Notebook PCs are Large– This limits their portability
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Really Personal Computing
• Many Future Access Devices Will be Smaller– Personal digital assistants (PDAs)– Cellphones– Etc.
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Really Personal Computing
• New “Form Factors”– Size and shape
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Cellphone Access
• Cellphones will be Very Popular for Internet Access
– Cellphones are very widespread
• In Japan, the number of cellphones passed the number of wired phones in early 2000
• This is happening in other countries aswell
• The U.S. is somewhat behind becauseit did not settle on the world cellphonestandard, GSM
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Cellphone Access
• Cellphones will be Very Popular for Internet Access
– Almost all cellphones are now being built with Internet access capability
– International Data Corporationpredicts that by the end of 2002there will be more wirelessdevices accessing the Internetthan wired devices; cellphoneswill be the most popular
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Cellphone Access
• Starting to have small displays capable of showing a few lines of data
• Good for short messages
• Good for data retrieval ifquery is very targeted
• May be supplemented with voicegeneration so that cellphones canspeak the answer
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Cellphone Access
• Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)
– Emerging standard for cellphone web access
– Also for other small devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs)
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Cellphone Access
• Wireless Markup Language (WML)
– Way of formatting webpagesfor small displays
– Simpler than HTML
– Reformatting may be expensive
– Part of WAP
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Cellphone Access
• Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)
– Device will communicate over the Internet with WAP server via WAP protocols rather than with webservers directly
WirelessCarrier
WAPProtocols
WAP Protocols
WAPServer
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Cellphone Access• Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)
– WAP server may get content from full webserver using full webservice protocols (HTTP, TCP), probably translating webpages to WML
WirelessCarrier WAP
Server
Webservice Protocols
Full Webserver
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The Problem of Input
• Keyboards
– Cannot be too small and still allow typing
• Voice Input
– Not very accurate, especially inreal (noisy) environments
– Not private
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Network Object-Oriented Processing
• Traditional Object-Oriented Programming– Programs consist of many objects (forms,
buttons, etc.)– Objects send messages to one another to ask
others to do certain tasks by executingmethods
OBJ
OBJOBJ
OBJ
Message
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Network Object-Oriented Processing• Network Object-Oriented Programming
(NOOP)– Objects can run on multiple machines– Still communicate by sending messages
OBJ
OBJ OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
Message
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Network Object-Oriented Processing
• NOOP takes advantage of available capacity on computers on the network– If computer has idle capacity, it will be sent
objects
OBJ
OBJ OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
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Network Object-Oriented Processing
• NOOP Standards are Needed for Object-Object Communication– Microsoft’s standards are DCOM and .NET– CORBA is a competing consortium standard
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
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The Changing Internet
• Today’s Internet– Throughput is too low
– Delays (Latencies) are too long
– Reliability is too slow
• Need a “Business Class Internet”– Faster
– Lower Latency
– High reliability
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The Changing Internet
• Two Classes of Service?– Regular versus Business Class?– Haves versus Have-Nots?
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The Changing Internet
• Speeds– Gigabit to the desktop– Will make entirely new applications possible– Internet2 (Abeline)
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The Next Big Thing
• The PC Revolution of the 1980s was not anticipated
• The Internet Revolution of the 1990s was not anticipated
• Will the future simply be an extension of the past, or will there be a Next Big Thing?