New Technologies

AP Euro

Heavier Plow

• Allowed for an increase in food production

Horse Collar• Horse collar instead of a yoke. Prevented animal from

choking.

Windmills• Provided a new source of power

Three Field System

• Three field system of agriculture. Leave one third fallow.

• Prevents soil exhaustion. • Greatly improved crop yields by at least 50%• Permitted the growing of all four cereals• Effectively distributed peasants toil between

Spring and Autumn sowing.

Three-Field System

Gunpowder

• Gunpowder made knights and castles obsolete.

• Ended military power of nobility. Monarchs less dependent on nobility.

Harquebus

Harquebus• also spelled arquebus , also called hackbut first gun fired

from the shoulder, a smoothbore matchlock with a stock resembling that of a rifle. The harquebus was invented in Spain in the mid-15th century. It was often fired from a support, against which the recoil was transferred from a hook on the gun. Its name seems to derive from German words meaning “hooked gun.” The bore varied, and its effective range was less than 650 feet (200 m). The harquebus was superseded by the larger musket (q.v.) in the mid-16th century.

Canons Mounted on Ships

Caravel

Caravel

• Small, light, three-masted sailing ship. • Held more cargo • Highly maneuverable • the caravel's chief excellence lay in its capacity

for sailing windward.

Magnetic compass

Enabled sailors to determine their direction and position at sea

AstrolabeAstrolabe, an instrument used to determine the altitude of the sun and other celestial bodies, permitted mariners to plot their latitude or position north or south of the equator.

Printing Press

Printing Press

• printing press fueled literacy and knowledge, as books could be widely reproduced and disseminated.

• Started in Europe by Johann Gutenburg