new revised msc mlt calicut

7/22/2019 New Revised Msc Mlt Calicut

1/51

1

[email protected] MLT

9947296522

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

MSC MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY (MLT)PROGRAMME

COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUSOF

1. MSC MLT CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

2. MSC MLT MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

3. MSC MLT HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES

4. MSC MLT CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/51

2

CURRICULUM FOR M.Sc. MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

The name of degree shall be Master of Science in Medical laboratory technology

Specialization:

a) CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY.

b) MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY.

c) HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES.

d) CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS.

The student will be allowed to opt for any of the above specializations, with respect to themarks secured in their qualifying examinations. Five students for each specialization.The degree shall be awarded under the faculty of medicine.The duration of the course is of 2 years comprising four semesters. The course comprises ofboth theory and practical studies.For Theory daily 1 hour theory class and 2 hour either Discussion / Seminars of Journal Club.Practical: 3 hours dailyEach semester should have theory 360 hours and practical 360 hours.The 2nd year should have hospital posting in recognized Blood Banks, Clinical Pathologylaboratories for a period of 2 weeks each.

ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSIONCandidates seeking admission to the course shall have passed BSc Medical laboratorytechnology examination of the University of Calicut or any recognized University with at least50% marks. Relaxation in minimum marks for eligibility allowed by the Government of Keralato Scheduled castes, Scheduled tribes & other backward classes shall be made.

Attendance requirement: 80% with a provision for condonment up to a maximum of 10%on medical grounds.

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONSThere shall be University Examination at the end of 1st, 2nd and 3rd semester as detailed

in the scheme of examination. The 4 th semester is for project work and hospital posting.There shall be supplementary examination at the end of the next semester. Candidates

who fail to secure minimum pass mark in any particular paper shall appear for the Paper inorder to secure a pass in the subsequent examination. Candidates who fail in one or morepapers in an examination need appear for only those papers for securing complete pass inthe examination. Candidates who fail in one or more papers, a separate internal assessmenthas to be conducted. All the students who complete the course prior to the examination and

register for the examination shall be promoted to the next semester.Candidates who complete the course of study and secure pass in all the papers of the

two years examination shall be declared to have qualified for the degree, such candidatesshall be placed in the second class.

Candidates who qualify for the degree and securing not less than 60% marks of theaggregate of all the University examination and Internal assessment taken in together shallbe declared to have passed in the first class and those who secure not less than 75% of theaggregate marks shall be declared to have passed in first class with distinction. Ranking ofstudents would be there for the subject.


3/51

3

There shall be no provision for improvement of results in any examination.Minimum marks for a pass in a paper are 50% with a separate minimum of 40% for

theory & practical in the University Examination.

Internal assessment marks: It shall be awarded to the candidates in each paper as detailedin the scheme of examination. The award shall be on the basis of the assessment made by

the Teachers from the candidates performances in the examination conducted by theDepartment as class tests, laboratory work, seminars, symposia, record work, etc.during the course of study. The marks secured by the candidate in each subject shall beforwarded to the University at the end of each semester of Examination. In the case ofcandidates who fail in the University examination, fresh internal assessment marksshould be sent (without carrying over the previous marks), before each attempt ofUniversity Examination.

CURRICULUM, CREDIT HOURS AND DURATION OF COURSE(FOR ALL SPECIALIZATIONS)

FIRST SEMESTER

PAPER HOURS OF INSTRUCTION

---------------------------------------THEORY PRACTICAL TOTAL

MLT 101 90 90 180

MLT 102 90 90 180

MLT 103 90 90 180

MLT 104 90 90 180

SECOND SEMESTER

MLT 201 90 90 180

MLT 202 90 90 180

MLT 203 90 90 180

MLT 204 90 90 180

THIRD SEMESTER

MLT 301 90 90 180

MLT 302 90 90 180

MLT 303 90 90 180

MLT 304 90 90 180

FOURTH SEMESTER

PROJECT WORK AND HOSPITAL LAB POSTING


4/51

4

Examiners

There shall be two examiners for practical and viva-voce, one internal and other

external. External examiner should be a regular teaching faculty of Medical laboratory

technology under another University/Institution where similar course is being conducted.Theory paper may be valued by external and internal examiners together.

THESIS

Submission of a Thesis work is a compulsory requirement for the MSC MLT

BIOCHEMISTRY, MSC MLT- MICROBIOLOGY, MSC MLT- HEMATOLOGY AND

TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES and MSC MLT CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS course.

Each student can choose a topic for the thesis which would be approved by his/her

supervising teacher. The supervising Teacher should have Post P.G teaching experience of

minimum 5 years in the concerned subject. The student should be under the guidance of

the supervising staff, carry out the work on the topic selected and prepare a thesis including

results and references. The thesis duly certified by the supervising staff and head of the

department of MLT should be submitted to the University within the prescribed time. The

evaluation of the thesis will be on the basis of the presentation and defense. The Examiner for

Thesis evaluation should be External examiner.

The students should be sent to training in Nuclear medicine, Virology, Entomology or

any other super specialty, exposure module to be conducted as per the syllabus during the

course.


5/51

5

STAFF PATTERN

SPECIALIZATION STARTS FROM FIRST SEMESTER ONWARDS

SL.NO DESIGNATION NO OFPOSTS

QUALIFICATION

1 PROFESSOR 1 MSC MLT WITH 13 YEARS OF TEACHINGEXPERIENCE OR MSC MLT WITH PHD 10YEARS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE WITHCONCERNED SPECIALIZATION INBIOCHEMISTRY, MICROBIOLOGY,HEMATOLOGY ,CYTOLOGY ANDCYTOGENETICS

2 ASSOCIATEPROFESSOR

2 MSC MLT WITH 5 YEARS OF TEACHINGEXPERIENCE OR MSC MLT WITH PHD 3YEARS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE WITHCONCERNED SPECIALIZATION IN

BIOCHEMISTRY, MICROBIOLOGY,HEMATOLOGY ,CYTOLOGY ANDCYTOGENETICS

3 ASST.PROFESSOR 4 MSC MLT WITH 3 YEARS OF TEACHINGEXPERIENCE WITH CONCERNEDSPECIALIZATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY,MICROBIOLOGY, HEMATOLOGY ,CYTOLOGY

AND CYTOGENETICS

4 LECTURERS 4 MSC MLT WITH CONCERNEDSPECIALIZATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY,MICROBIOLOGY, HEMATOLOGY ,CYTOLOGY

AND CYTOGENETICS5 LECTURER IN

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY1 M.Sc. MLT WITH CYTOLOGY AND

CYTOGENETICS SPECIALIZATION, M.Sc.MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, M.Sc.BIOTECHNOLOGY, M.Sc. MOLECULARBIOLOGY OR M.Sc. IN ANY AREA OFBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES WITH Ph.D. IN THEFIELD OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

6 LAB TECHNICIAN 4 BSC MLT

7 LAB ASSISTANT 4 DMLT

8 LAB IN CHARGE 1 MSC MLT


6/51

6

MLT 1011 & MLT 102 IS COMMON TO ALL SPECIALIZATION

FIRST SEMESTER

SPECIALIZATION A: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

1. MLT101

BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES

2. MLT102

IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

3 MLT103

VITAMINS AND HORMONS

4 MLT104

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MANAGEMENT

FIRST SEMESTER

SPECIALIZATION B: MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

1. MLT101


2. MLT102


3 MLT103

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

4 MLT

104

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

FIRST SEMESTER


7/51

7

SPECIALIZATION C : HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES

1. MLT101


2. MLT102


3 MLT103

HEMATOLOGY I

4 MLT104

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY

FIRST SEMESTER

SPECIALIZATION D: CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS

1. MLT101


2. MLT102


3 MLT103

HISTOPATHOLOGY

4 MLT104

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY


8/51

8

SECOND SEMESTER


SPECIALIZATION A : CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

1. MLT201

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

2. MLT202

EPIDEMINOLOGY & MOLECULAR MEDICINE

3 MLT203

INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM

4 MLT204

PHARMACOLOGICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

SECOND SEMESTER

SPECIALIZATION B MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

1.MLT201


2. MLT202


3 MLT203

VIROLOGY AND ADVANCED MICROBIOLOGY

4 MLT204

MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY


9/51

9

SECOND SEMESTER

SPECIALIZATION C HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES

1.MLT201


2. MLT202


3 MLT203

HEMATOLOGY II

4 MLT204

TRANSFUSION TECHNOLOGY

SECOND SEMESTER

SPECIALIZATION D CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS

1. MLT201


2. MLT202


3 MLT203

CYTOGENETICS

4 MLT204

CYTOLOGY


10/51

10

THIRD SEMESTER


SPECIALIZATION A CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

1. MLT301

LABORATORY ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND BIOSTATISTICS

2. MLT302

IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

3 MLT303

DIAGNOSTIC BIOCHEMISTRY AND ORGAN FUNCTION TEST

4 MLT304

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, NUTRITION, MINERAL METABOLISM

THIRD SEMESTER


1. MLT301


2. MLT302

IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

3 MLT303

SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY

4 MLT304

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY


11/51

11

THIRD SEMESTER

SPECIALIZATION C: HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES

1. MLT301


2. MLT302

IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

3 MLT303

ADVANCED CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

4 MLT304

ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN TRANSFUSION MEDICINE

THIRD SEMESTER


1. MLT301


2. MLT302

IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

3 MLT303

ADVANCED CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

4 MLT304

TISSUE PATHOLOGY


12/51

12

SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATIONS

I - AT THE END FIRST SEMESTER (FOR ALL SPECIALIZATIONS)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-PAPER SUBJECT DURATION MAX.MARKS MINIMUM FOR PASS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIALIZATION A: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MLT 101 BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES

THEORY 3 hours 100 40INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40ORAL & RECORD 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 --

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MLT 102 IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MLT 103 VITAMINS AND HORMONES


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 104 CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MANAGEMENT

THEORY 3 hours 100 40

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40ORAL & RECORD 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 --

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


13/51

13

SPECIALIZATION B: MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 101 BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES

THEORY 3 hours 100 40

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40ORAL & RECORD 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 --

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


THEORY 3 hours 100 40INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40ORAL & RECORD 50 --

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 300 150-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 103 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 104 APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIALIZATION C: HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 101 BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


14/51

14



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 103 HEMATOLOGY I


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MLT 104 CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIALIZATION D: CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 101 BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


15/51

15

MLT 103 HISTOPATHOLOGY


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 300 150-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 104 CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

II - AT THE END OF SECOND SEMESTER (FOR ALL SPECIALIZATIONS)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIALIZATION A: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MLT 201 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGYTHEORY 3 hours 100 40INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40ORAL & RECORD 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 --

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 300 150-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 202 EPIDEMOLOGY AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE

THEORY 3 hours 120 48INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 30

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 150 75---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The question paper for MLT 202 must have Section A and B (Epidemiology and Molecular Medicine respectively)carrying equal marks. No separate pass minimum for each section.No practical examination for paper MLT 202

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------,MLT 203 INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


16/51

16

MLT 204 PHARMACOLOGICAL BIOCHEMISTRY


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIALIZATION B: MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MLT 201 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 203 VIROLOGY AND ADVANCED MICROBIOLOGY


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 204 MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY

THEORY 3 hours 100 40INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25

PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40ORAL & RECORD 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 --

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


17/51

17

SPECIALIZATION C: HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


THEORY 3 hours 100 40INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40

ORAL & RECORD 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 300 150------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 203 HEMATOLOGY II


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 204 TRANSFUSION TECHNOLOGY


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIALIZATION D: CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


18/51

18

MLT 202 EPIDEMOLOGY AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 203 CYTOGENETICS


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MLT 204 CYTOLOGY


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------III - AT THE END OFTHIRD SEMESTER-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIALIZATION A: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 301 LABORATORY ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND BIOSTATISTICS


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The question paper for MLT 301 must have Section A and B (Laboratory Organization, Management andBiostatistics respectively) carrying equal marks. No separate pass minimum for each section.

Practical examination will be conducted for Section B only for Paper MLT 302.

MLT 302 IMMUNOPATHOLOGYTHEORY 3 hours 100 40INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40ORAL & RECORD 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 --

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


19/51

19

MLT 303 DIAGNOSTICS BIOCHEMISTRY AND ORGAN FUNCTION TESTTHEORY 3 hours 100 40INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40ORAL & RECORD 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 --

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 300 150-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 304 GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, NUTRITION, MINERAL METABOLISM


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIALIZATION B : MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 301 LABORATORY ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND BIOSTATISTICS


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The question paper for MLT 301 must have Section A and B (Laboratory Organization, Management andBiostatistics respectively) carrying equal marks. No separate pass minimum for each section.

Practical examination will be conducted for Section B only for Paper MLT 302.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 302 IMMUNOPATHOLOGY


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 303 SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


20/51

20

MLT 304 CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGYTHEORY 3 hours 100 40INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40ORAL & RECORD 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 --

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 300 150-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPECIALIZATION C: HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 301 LABORATORY ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND BIOSTATISTICS


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The question paper for MLT 301 must have Section A and B (Laboratory Organization, Management andBiostatistics respectively) carrying equal marks. No separate pass minimum for each section.Practical examination will be conducted for Section B only for Paper MLT 302.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 302 IMMUNOPATHOLOGY


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 300 150-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 303 ADVANCED CLINICAL PATHOLOGY


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 304 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN TRANSFUSION MEDICINE


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


21/51

21

SPECIALIZATION D: CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 301 LABORATORY ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND BIOSTATISTICS

THEORY 3 hours 100 40INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40ORAL & RECORD 50 --

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 300 150-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The question paper for MLT 301 must have Section A and B (Laboratory Organization, Management andBiostatistics respectively) carrying equal marks. No separate pass minimum for each section.Practical examination will be conducted for Section B only for Paper MLT 302.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 302 IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

THEORY 3 hours 100 40INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25PRACTICALS 6 hours 100 40

ORAL & RECORD 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 300 150-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 303 ADVANCED CLINICAL PATHOLOGY


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 300 150-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MLT 304 TISSUE PATHOLOGY


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 300 150

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------AT THE END OF FOURTH SEMESTER (FOR ALL SPECIALIZATIONS)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PROJECT WORK MLT 400THESIS EVALUATION 200 100ORALS 100 50PRESENTATION 50 --INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 50 --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400 200---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


22/51

22

SYLLABUS

MLT 101 AND MLT 102 IS COMMON TO ALL SPECIALIZATION

MLT 101: BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES

1. Unit IMethods of qualitative analysis of biomolecules:Principles, experimental procedures and application of chromatographyPaper, thin-layer, ion-exchange affinity, gel filtrationGas-liquid and HPLC.Principles, procedures and application of Electrophoresis paper, polyacrylamide gel,

agarose gel, and cellulose acetate. Ultracentrifugation ultrafiltration.

2. Unit 2Quantitative methods: Principles and applications of

Photometry,spectrophotometry, fluorometry, ion selective procedures, flame.Photometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Luminometry- Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence

3. Unit 3Isotopes: Detection, measurement and handling of radioactiveIsotopes, application of isotopes in research and clinical bio-chemistry.

4. Unit 4Concept of pH and Buffers: Handerson Hasselbatch equation, Principle andprocedures of determination of pH, use and handling of pH meter

5. Unit 5Cell fractionation, Biochemical activities of different fractions, marker enzymes differentmethods.Purification of enzymes from cells, characterization and criteria of purity, purification ofproteins

6. Unit 6Bioenergetics and Biological oxidation: concept of free energy Change, high energycompounds, ATP generation, redox potential Electron transport chain, oxidativephosphorylation, inhibitors Uncouplers, ionophores.

7. Unit 8Automation in laboratory - In all field of laboratory.

Quality control in laboratory- Organization and operation, Internal and external qualitycontrol


23/51

23

PRACTICALS

1. Chromatography: paper, thin-layer, gel, ion-exchange, demonstration of HPLC andGLC

2. Electrophoresis: slide gel, PAGE, agarose gel3. Photometry, spectrophotometry, flame photometry, atomic absorption

spectrophotometry4. Preparation of buffers and determination of pH5. Cell fractionation methods6. Purification of enzymes diffferent methods of detection

MLT 102: IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

UNIT 11. History of immunology, innate and acquired immunity, mechanisms of innateimmunity, inflammation inflammatory cells, mediators, inflammatory response types,

systemic effects of inflammation, antigens, cells and organs of immune system, evolution ofimmunity.

UNIT 22. Immunoglobulin: structure and function, classes and subclasses. Cryoglobulins,pyroglobulins, immunoglobulin genes-organisation and expression, antibody diversity, classswitching. Monoclonal antibodies hybridoma technique and Mab production, purification andcharacterization, application in biomedical research, clinical diagnosis, treatment, drugdelivery system.

UNIT 33. Immune response: clonal selection theory and related theories, primary andsecondary response, humoral and cell mediate response, antigen processing andpresentation, role of accessory molecules, MHC structure and role in Ag presentation, MHCgenes, Maturation, activation and differentiation of B cellsand T cells, lymphocyte trafficking,TCR structure and generation of diversity, cytokines properties and functions, cytokinereceptors, relation to diseases, therapeutic uses, cytokine antagonists, ADCC, NK cells,regulation of immune response.

Vaccines: advances in the development of vaccines (eg. Haemophilus B conjugate,pertussis, cholera, malaria, hepatitis B, polio, HIV, antitumour) Adjuvants.

UNIT 44. Complement system: functions complement receptors, activation pathways, control

mechanisms, role in inflammation, kinin cascade, kinins in disease.UNIT 55. Immunity against bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites

UNIT 66. Immunological methods in clinical laboratories: Methods, interpretation, andapplications of following methods double diffusion in agar, single radial immune diffusion,electrophoresis and immune electrophoresis, chromatography (ion-exchange, gel, affinity),RIA, ELISA, Western blotting, detection of immune complexes, nephelometry, immunefluorescence, agglutination tests-direct and indirect, haem agglutination and haem


24/51

24

agglutination inhibition, complement assays-CFT, haemolytic assays, functional assays.Detection of cellular immunity delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, assays for lymphocyte(T and B cell assays), flow cytometry, FACS, mixed lymphocyte culture, NK cells, Neutrophilfunction tests, histocompatibility testing.

PRACTICALS

1. Double diffusion technique2. Radial immune diffusion3. Haem agglutination test4. Haem agglutination inhibition test5. Latex agglutination tests6. Complement fixation test7. Immuno electrophoresis8. Counter current immune electrophoresis9. FITC conjugation of antibody10. Lymphocyte culture11. Isolation of lymphoid organs of mice12. ELISA13. RIA demonstration14. Western blotting demonstration15. WIDAL test16. VDRL test


MLT 103 VITAMINS AND HORMONES

Vitamins: Classification of vitamins.

Chemistry, properties, biological importance, deficiency manifestations and coenzymefunction requirements, deficiency manifestation of fat soluble and water soluble vitamins,estimation of vitamins

Hormones: Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, regulation of hormonesecretion. Hormone receptors, signal transduction, G-protein second messengers, cyclic

AMP, cyclic GMP, Calcium, inositol triphosphate, diacyl glyosol,Chemistry, metabolism, biological functions and disorders of-

- Hypothalamus & Pituitary hormones- Thyroid hormones

- Parathyroid hormones- Pancreatic hormones- Adrenal hormones- Gonadal hormones

Metabolic regulation by hormones, hormonal regulation of gene expression, hormonalimbalance and disorders


25/51

25

PRACTICALS

1. Estimation of ascorbic acid in food and biological fluids2. Estimation of serum ceruloplasmin

3. Estimation of T3, T4, TSH4. Estimation of thyroglobulin5. Estimation of cortisol in blood6. Estimation of catecholamines7. Urinary 17 keto and ketogenic steroids8. Urinary VMA

MLT 104 CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MANAGEMENT

1. Urinalysis: Urinary aminogram, Urine 24 hours assays for proteins, Ca, P, Urea,Creatinine and creatine, Urolithiasis, Tubular reabsorption of P

2. Blood Sugar, Diabetes mellitus I & II, GTT3. Blood urea and creatinine, Creatinine tolerance test4. Serum uric acid, Serum proteins- fraction and estimation5. Serum calcium and phosphorus6. Automation in clinical chemistry7. Quality control organization and operation, Internal and external quality control8. Chemicals selection, storage and disposals9. Apparatuses selection and maintenance10.Calibration of volumetric and gravimetric equipments and apparatuses11.Handling and disposal of infected, dangerous, radioactive materials12.Accidents safety measures and emergency treatment

PRACTICALS

1. Physical and chemical analysis of urinePH, specific gravity, osmolality, reducing substances, protein, ketone bodies, pigments

2. Urinary aminogram3. Urinary stones and pancreatic stones4. Creatinine tolerance test5. Estimation of the following in blood and urine Sugar, urea, creatine and creatinine, uric

acid, calcium, phosphate6 .Electrophoresis of serum proteins

SPECIALIZATION B: MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

MLT 103 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT I1. Historical background, classification of microorganisms, eukaryote and prokaryotes,methods for studying microbes: staining microscopy, electron microscopes and specimen


26/51

26

preparation for EM, culture methods and media, sterilization, methods for identification ofbacteria, application of molecular techniques for identification of bacteria.UNIT II2. Bacterial morphology: Size, shape and arrangement of bacterial cells, ultrastructureof cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, outer envelope, flagella, fimbriae and pilae, cytoplasmicmatrix, nucleoid, cytoplasmic inclusions, endospores formation and germination, cell-wall

synthesis.UNIT III3. Bacterial metabolism and growth: Growth requirements, nutritionalclassification,transport of solutes across the cell membrane, effect of pH, oxygen, temperature, etc. ongrowth, generation time, growth curve, batch cultures and continuous cultures, chemostat,turbidostat, assessment of bacterial growth-different methods, bacterial nutrition and design ofculture media.

UNIT IV4. Antimicrobial agents: Chemical and physical agents, mode of action, methods fortesting, antimicrobial as therapeutics antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral agents, mode ofaction, MIC and MBC, development of resistance, antimicrobial sensitivity testing.

UNIT V5. Bacterial genetics: bacterial genome, extra chromosomal genome, bacterialtransformation types of mechanisms (eg. Natural transformation in Streptococuspneumoniae, and Haempphilus influenzae), role of plasmids, artificial transformation,Bacterial conjugation properties of plasmid, Hfr strains, conjugation in gram negative andgram positive organisms, transduction generalized and specialized.

UNIT VI6. Bacteria useful to man: making of wine, beer and bread, milk products, butyric acidbacteria, microbes and sources of protein, microbial production of chemotherapeutic agents antibiotics (eg.Penicillin, streptomycin), transformation of steroids, biopesticides, genetic

engineering products.

PRACTICALS

1. Review of the following methods:Staining techniques-simple, Grams, AFB, spore, flagella, cell-wall, capsule,Spirochetes, volutin granules, etc.Preparation and sterilization of different types of mediaCulture methodsThermal Death pointColony count.

Total count, viable count.2. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing disc diffusion, MIC & MBC3. Growth curve of bacteria4. Bacterial conjugation5. Isolation of antibiotic resistant strains


27/51

27

MLT 104 APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Applied Microbiology

Nosocomial infectionsEpidemiological aspects of control infections and diseasesTyping methods in BacteriologyHospital acquired infectionsSurgical and trauma related infectionsMicrobial biofilm-prevention, control and removalRole of microbiology lab for infection control in hospitalEmerging infectious diseases

Public health MicrobiologyMicrobiology of air

Bacteriology of water and water born infectionsMicrobiology of milk and milk productsMilk born infectionsBacteriology of food and food born diseasesVaccines for infectious diseasesMolecular diagnostic methods in microbiology

Automation in diagnostic microbiologyMicrobiology Laboratory Physical design, Management and organizationQuality in the clinical Microbiology LaboratoryGenetically modified microorganismsGenetically modified food

Genetically modified therapeutic agency

Care and management of laboratory animalsHandling feeding, breeding of common laboratory animalsBleeding of lab animals

PRACTICAL1. Animal inoculation2. Animal house management3. Killing of animal and disposal of carcase4. Microbial analysis of water5. Microbial analysis of air6. Microbial analysis of milk7. Microbial analysis of food

Reference books1. Topley & Wilsons Microbiology & Microbial Infections 9th Edition

Leslie Collier, Albert Balows, Max Sussman Volume I, II, III, IV, V2. Mandell, Douglas & Bennetts

Principle & Practice of Infectious Diseases Volume I, II IVth Edn3. Colour atlas of & text book of Diagnosis Microbiology IVth Edn

Felmer W. Koneman4. Bailey & Scotts Diagnostic Microbiology 12th Edn


28/51

28

5. Jawetz Melnick & Adelbergs Medical Microbiology6. Medical Microbiology Minna Plafair Roitt

SPECIALIZATION C: HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES

MLT 103 HEMATOLOGY I

UNIT I1. Haematopoiesis- origin, development, function and fate of blood cellsErythropoiesis origin and development of RBCs,Biosynthesis of Hb, control of erythropoiesis- structure and function of hemoglobin.

UNIT II2. Bone marrow structure and hematopoietic microenvironment, ultra structure.

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, Morphology of Erythron

UNIT III3. Red cell membrane, structure and synthesis, production and destruction of

erythrocytes. Energy metabolism and maintenance of erythrocytes.- glucosemetabolism ,red cell enzymes, nucleotide synthesis, reticulocyte metabolism.

UNIT IV4. Normal hemostasis and regulation. Megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.

Platelet morphology biochemistry and function.Vascular function of hemostasis.

UNIT V5. Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.

Mast cells, monocytes, macrophagesPlasma cells.

UNIT VI

6. Hematology of new born, Hematology in aged.UNIT VII7. Automation in Hematology

PRACTICALS1. Routine hematological investigations2. Basic principles, methodology, and interpretation of following investigations3. Hb, TC, DC, ESR, PCV, BT, CT4. Red cell indices, Platelet count, Reticulocyte count, eosinophil count5. Preparation of peripheral smear and staining with Leishmans stain6. Detection of Parasites

7. Abnormal cells8. PT, PTTK, TT9. Routine learning of peripheral smear and bone marrow

TC, DC, ESR, PCV,HEMOGLOBIN10. Preparations of various Reagents and Stains used in Hematology11. Examination of blood

Quantitative measures of hematopoietic elements in the blood.Plasma hemoglobin estimation.

12. Reticulocyte count


29/51

29


CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

1. Microscopical examination of urine, collection of urine and its preservationColour, cloudiness, specific gravity, reaction, pHDifferent methods for detection, importance and its interpretation of Protein, Sugar, Bile pigment, Bile salt, Urobilinogen, ketone bodies, Bence-Johnesproteins & BloodExamination and identification of sediment for: various cells, crystals, casts, parasites.Concentration methods for examination identification of urine sediment for: Gonococci,Trichomonas vaginalis, monilia.

2. Pregnancy test-Production of HCG, HCG level at various stages of pregnancy,pregnancy test, Different types of pregnancy test such as Gravindex test& card test.

Method of urine collection, Compare their advantage, disadvantages & accuracy.3. FaecesExamination of motion sample for: colour, mucous, consistency, ova,Amoeba, cyst, Parasites, Pus cells, RBCs & crystals.

4. Detection of occult blood in stool, concentration technique for ova, measurement offaecal urobilinogen & faecal fat, their importance interpretations.

5. Sputum-Method for the collection, examination of sputum for AFB, sputum in diseaseconditions.

6. Semen-Methods of collection, Macroscopic and microscopic examination of semen,Motility, count, other findings.

7. Staining and morphological studies of spermatozoa .importance & interpretation ineach step of investigation in case of infertility.

8. CSF-Collection, transport, preservation, examination and interpretation total anddifferential count, staining methods, CSF in disease.9. Other body fluidsexamination of Ascitic fluid, Pleural fluid, Pericardial fluid, Synovial

fluid.PATHOLOGY

1. Cell injury and necrosis: General biochemical mechanism, types of cell injury.Apoptosis, sub cellular responses, Necrosis.

2. Inter cellular substances and reactions.3. Wound healing and repair4. Basic knowledge of techniques in pathology- histochemical staining,

immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.5. Detailed study of tumors- Classification, Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of common

benign and malignant tumors Mention Recent concepts.6. A brief study of biological effects of radiation7. Degenerative changes- Fatty changes, Pathological calsification.

PRACTICALS

1. Urine-collection, processing, physical, chemical and microscopic examination.2. Collection, preservation and examination of stool3. Sputum collection and microscopy .examination of sputum for AFB.


30/51

30

4. Collection and examination of semen-physical examination, sperm motility,morphological study of sperms, fructose determination in semen.

5. Collection of CSF, microscopical and chemical examination of CSF.6. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of Ascitic fluid, Pleural fluid, pericardial fluid

and synovial fluid.7. Demonstration of immune histochemical staining and immune fluorescences.

SPECIALIZATION D: CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS

MLT 103 HISTOPATHOLOGY

1. General introduction to HP Histological equipment and instruments, their uses,constructions maintenance and repair.

2. What is biopsy, types

3. Fixation and fixatives

4. Collection of specimens Bits taking

5. Tissue processing automatic and hand processing, details of the instrument, workingof automatic tissue processor

6. Decalcification

Microtomy different types, use and care of microtome knives, sharpening, cutting,artifacts in cutting, cutting of different tissues, disposable blades

5. Staining theoretical aspects

6. Haematoxylin and eosin counter stains

7. Special stains stains for nucleic acid, lipid, endogenous pigments, connective tissue,enzymes, amyloid, deposits, fibrin

8. Immunohistochemistry

9. Immunofluorescence

10. Immunoenzyme techniques

11. Microscopy different types

12. Tissue of special interest hard tissue, nervous system13. Frozen sections cryostat

14. Special techniques museum techniques, autoradiography, photomicrography

15. Quality control and advanced techniques

PRACTICALS

1. H and E staining2. Special staining- carbohydrates, connective tissue, lipids, pigments3. Mounting4. Cryostat sections

5. Tissue processing6. Sharpening of microtome knives


CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

1. Microscopical examination of urine, collection of urine and its preservationColour, cloudiness, specific gravity, reaction, pH


31/51

31

Different methods for detection, importance and its interpretation of Protein, Sugar, Bile pigment, Bile salt, Urobilinogen, ketone bodies, Bence-Johnesproteins & BloodExamination and identification of sediment for: various cells, crystals, casts, parasites.Concentration methods for examination identification of urine sediment for: Gonococci,

Trichomonas vaginalis, monilia.2. Pregnancy test-Production of HCG, HCG level at various stages of pregnancy,pregnancy test, Different types of pregnancy test such as Gravindex test& card test.Method of urine collection, Compare their advantage, disadvantages & accuracy.

3. FaecesExamination of motion sample for: colour, mucous, consistency, ova,Amoeba, cyst, Parasites, Pus cells, RBCs & crystals.

4. Detection of occult blood in stool, concentration technique for ova, measurement offaecal urobilinogen & faecal fat, their importance interpretations.

5. Sputum-Method for the collection, examination of sputum for AFB, sputum in diseaseconditions.

6. Semen-Methods of collection, Macroscopic and microscopic examination of semen,

Motility, count, other findings.7. Staining and morphological studies of spermatozoa .importance & interpretation ineach step of investigation in case of infertility.

8. CSF-Collection, transport, preservation, examination and interpretation total anddifferential count, staining methods, CSF in disease.

9. Other body fluidsexamination of Ascitic fluid, Pleural fluid, Pericardial fluid, Synovialfluid.

PATHOLOGY

1. Cell injury and necrosis: General biochemical mechanism, types of cell injury.i. Apoptosis, sub cellular responses, Necrosis.

2. Inter cellular substances and reactions.3. Wound healing and repair4. Basic knowledge of techniques in pathology- histochemical staining,

immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.5. Detailed study of tumors- Classification, Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of common

benign and malignant tumors Mention Recent concepts.6. A brief study of biological effects of radiation7. Degenerative changes- Fatty changes, Pathological calsification

PRACTICALS

1. Urine-collection, processing, physical, chemical and microscopic examination.2. Collection, preservation and examination of stool3. Sputum collection and microscopy .examination of sputum for AFB.4. Collection and examination of semen-physical examination, sperm motility,

morphological study of sperms, fructose determination in semen.5. Collection of CSF, microscopical and chemical examination of CSF.6. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of Ascitic fluid, Pleural fluid, pericardial fluid

and synovial fluid.7. Demonstration of immune histochemical staining and immune fluorescences.


32/51

32

SECOND SEMESTER



1. DNA - Identification of DNA as the genetic material, structure, types, supercoiling,Topoisomerases, Optical properties of DNA.

Replication Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic general features Enzymology Mechanism. Fidelity of replication Regulation.

C-Value Paradox and genome organization in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes satelliteDNA DNA fingerprinting . Gene structure in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

2. Chromosome Structure and organization structure of interphase chromatin,Heterochromatin X chromosome inactivation polytene chromosomes

significance.

Molecular mechanism of cell cycle regulation, Mitosis and Meiosis Check points incell cycle.

3. Recombination Homologous and site specific

Gene Expression Transcription and Translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.Factors involved, Types of RNA, RNA processing, genetic code, Wobble Hypothesis,Role of Aminoacyle tRNA synthetase and Ribosomes in Translation accuracy.

Generation of antibody diversity molecular mechanism4. Regulation of gene Expression Lac operon Tryptophan operon Arabinose operon

5. Regulation in Eukaryotes Transcriptional, post transcriptional, Translational and posttranslational level Regulatory RNA, RNA interference, DNA in gene regulation genomic imprinting, post translational modifications of proteins. Inhibitors of RNA andProtein synthesis.

6. Mutation Spontaneous induced Molecular basis physical and chemical mutagens,Base analogues and mutation.

7. DNA Repair mechanimsm

Intracellular compartments and Protein traffickingEndocytosis, Exocytosis

Signal transduction Pathways and cell communication, Apoptosis

8. Recombinant DNA Technology

Necessary elements Enzymes Restriction enzymes Modifying enzymes andligases


33/51

33

Cloning vectors Plasmid vectors Bacterio phage vectors cosmids and shuttlevectors Expression vectors, YAC, Ti Plasmids, Binary vectors.

9. Marker genes and Reporter genes

Construction of R-DNA and cloning strategies

Introduction of R-DNA into Bacterial, Mammalian and plant cells.

Gene libraries construction of genomic library using phage vectors, cDNA libraryusing plasmid vectors. Subtraction library and its application in gene expressionprofiling.

Different methods of screening recombinant libraries colony hybridization,Immunoscreening, phage display, two-hybrid screening

Expression and purification of recombinant proteins.

Applications of R-DNA technology in medicine, Agriculture and forensic science.

Practicals:

1. Isolation of DNA and RNA from bacterial cells2. Estimation of DNA and RNA3. Isolation of plasmids from bacterial cells4. DNA electrophoresis5. Study of mitotic stages- onion root tip6. Study of meiotic stages- grasshopper testes7. Preparation of polytene chromosomes8. Bacterial gene expression using lac promoter system9. Identification of the melting temperature of DNA10.Isolation of Plasmids from bacterial cells

11.Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA12.Preparation of Human Chromosome spread13.Analysis of Karyotype for identifying syndromes14.Southern Blotting15.Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)16. AMES test

17. SDS PAGE

MLT: 202 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE

SECTION A AND SECTION B SHOULD BE ANSWERED SEPERATELY

EPIDEMIOLOGY (SECTION A)

Unit I : Principles and scope of epidemiology; measuring health and disease, diseasetransmission concepts, modes of transmission, classes at epidemics/ outbreaks.

Unit II : Applying epidemiology in clinical practice, measurement, clinical diagnosis,clinical importance, treatment effectiveness, clinical risk-adverse reactions tomedicines. Assessment of medical evidence; Theoretical and practical aspects ofthe critical appraisal of medical evidence Epidemiology of environmentally andoccupationally linked diseases.


34/51

34

Unit III : Application of epidemiology to environmental problems; investigation of diseaseoutbreaks, environmental health surveys. Communicable disease - generalclassification of diseases and causes and its prevention. C.S.S.D., Infectioncontrol committee, Immunization strategy

Unit IV : Epidemiological measures of health status; mortality rates and ratios; infantmortality, maternal mortality, abortions, Morbidity rates and ratios, incidence and

incidence rates.

Unit V : National Programmes for the control of Infectious diseases - AIDS, JapaneseEncephalitis, Dengue Fever, Tuberculosis, Filaria, Malaria, Leprosy, TB-HIV dualinfection.

MOECULAR MEDICINE : (SECTION B)

Unit I

Chromosomal aberrations & Genetic Diseases Down, Turners, Klinefelters, Cri-duchat syndrome, CML, ALL.

DNA markers & disease associations RFLP Microsatellites, STR and SNP markersMolecular basis of Viral & prion infections Non infectious diseases

Gene mutations & Inherited human diseases single gene diseases and complextraits Egs: Sickle cell Anemia, Haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, cancer, diabetis etc.

Unit II

Molecular diagnosis of - infectious agents Eg: Mycobacterium, HIV etc

- infectious diseases protein based identification of antigens

- DNA bases identification of antigens

- RDA of cDNA identification of epitopes

- drawbacks of the classical methods and advantages of molecular techniquesDiagnosis of genetic diseases Cytogenetics techniques like - Karyotyping, MN assay& banding - Molecular cyto genetic techniques - CGH, FISH

Mutation analysis DNA sequencing, PCR, LCR, RFLP, SSCP, Hybridizations Southern & Northern

Prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases preimplantation diagnosis.

Unit III

Human genome project

Identification & isolation of disease genes positional cloning, functionalcloning, Microarray.

Application of genomics in understanding the basis of polygenic disorders likecardiovascular, Asthma, Cancer, diabetics, Rheumatoid arthritis etc.

Pharmacogenomics understanding responses to drugs personalized medicine.

Unit IV

Therapeutics Genomics, Proteomics and vaccines

- Therapeutic proteins Eg. Insulin, growth hormones, Factor VIII etc.

site directed mutagenesis & protein engineering


35/51

35

Humanized monoclonal antibodies.

Transgenenic technology Transgenic organisms as bioreactors of therapeuticproteins

Transgenic animals as disease models to study, prevent and cure diseases

Gene therapy for heamatological disorders, liver diseases, cardio vascular diseases,neurological disorders, cancer, HIV infections, Rheumatoid Arthritis etc. ethical issue

in gene therapy.


MLT 203 INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM

UNIT I1. Carbohydrate metabolism : details of metabolic pathways involving carbohydrates inmammals, Embden-Mayerhof pathway, hexose monophosphate shunt pathway, other minorpathways, fructose and galactose metabolism, digestion and absorption, bloodglucosehomeostasis, hormones influencing carbohydrate utilization-insulin, glucagons,

glucocorticoids,epinephrine, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.UNIT II2. Amino acid metabolism: protein digestion and absorption, absorption of amino acids,metabolism of individual amino acids, one carbon units, polyamines, nitric oxide, plasmaproteins, transport proteins, disorders of amino acid metabolism.

UNIT III3. Lipid metabolism: digestion and absorption, transport and storage, fatty acid synthesis,fatty acid oxidation pathways, biosynthesis of phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterolmetabolism, plasma lipoprotein metabolism, role of adipose tissue and liver in lipidmetabolism, hormonal regulation of lipid metabolism, prostaglandins, prostacyclins,leukotrienes, thromboxanes, very long chain fatty acids, disorders of lipid metabolism.

UNIT IV4. Regulation of metabolism: TCA cycle, integration of metabolisms, common terminalpathway, regulation, amphibolicrole, hormonal regulation of metabolic pathways, Coris cycle,

Alanine cycle, adaptation during starvation.

UNIT V5. Purine and pyrimidine metabolism: synthesis and degradation of bases andnucleotides, regulation, gout and other disorders.

UNIT IV

6. Protein degradation: cathepsins, proteosomes, caspases, ubiquitin,

PRACTICALS

Students should be aware of all the different mechanisms, modifications and principles of allthe tests.

1. Estimation of blood/serum glucose by different methods2. Estimation of serum triglycerides by different methods3. Estimations of blood/serum cholesterol by different methods


36/51

36

4. Estimation of blood/serum HDL-cholesterol5. Estimation of uric acid by different methods6. Estimation of proteins by different methods7. Estimation of urea by different methods

MLT 204 PHARMACOLOGICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

1. PHARMACOKINETICSThe concepts of drug absorption, bioavailability, volume of distribution, and distributionphases (multicompartment models) and be able to predict peak drug levels.The differences between fist-and zero- order kinetics of drug metabolism / elimination.The concepts of drug clearance, halt-life, and the exponential rate constant. Be able tocalculate steady-state drug levels and estimate peak and trough drug levels throughout adosing cycleThe origin and consequences of nonlinear or zero-order pharmacokinetics on drugpharmacokineticsThe differences between measurement of total, free, and protein-bound drug levels and beable to assess the consequences of altered protein binding on pharmacokinetics andtherapeutic drug monitoring.

2. DRUG METABOLISMThe differences between phase I and phase II drug metabolism reactionsVarious consequences of competing metabolic pathways to modulate both the efficacyand toxicity of administered medicationsFrequent interindividual variability drug-metabolizing enzymes and its impact on the

variability of drug response

3. PHARMACODYNAMICSThe general mechanisms of drug action, including drug-receptor interactions, modulationof metabolic pathways, and nucleic acid biochemistry.

Reference ranges for therapeutic drug monitoring, methods of establishing the sameand understand the varying utility of trough , peak, or steady-state drug levels formonitoring both drug efficacy and toxicity. The therapeutic index.

4. THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING OF SPECIFIC DRUG CLASSESThe principles and practice of therapeutic drug monitoring of antidepressants, mood

stabilizers, and antipsychotics; anticonvulsants; cardioactive drugs; bronchodilators;antibiotics; and immunosuppressants.

The relative significance of peak and trough levels for monitoring of these drug classes

5. TOXICOLOGIC SYNDROMESThe pathophysiological basis and be able to recognize the five major toxicologic

syndromes (cholinergic, anticholinergic, sympathomimetic, opiate, and sedative-

hypnotic).formulation of toxicologic differential diagnosis and designing a clinicallaboratory testing protocol for each of the syndromes.

The basic therapeutic approach to each syndrome

6. LABORATORY EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF OVERDOSED ORPOISONED PATIENTS

The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry guidelines for EmergencyToxicology.

The important differences between urine and blood (including serum and plasma) formonitoring and detection of drugs / xenobiotics.


37/51

37

Designing and implementing standardized STAT panels of laboratory tests forevaluation of overdosed/poisoned patients.

The limitations of drug "screening" protocols and be able to consult on the design ofmore extensive drug-testing protocols to supplement the standard STAT panels.

The toxicologic profiles of specific agents, including acetaminophen, salicylates,alcohols and glycols, barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants, carbonmonoxide,

organophosphates and carbamate, digoxin lead, iron, and cyanide.The general supportive measures, the role of alkalinization, the importance ofspecific antidotes, and the variable efficacy of exchange transfusion hemodialysis,plasmapheresis, and charcoal hemoperfusion of blood in the management of specificagents.

7. LABORATORY EVALUATION OF DRUGS OF ABUSEThe generic methodology of the routine immunoassays for drugs-of-abuse testing.

Major drugs of abuse and their clinical manifestationsCommon methods for adulteration of urine and the techniques available in the laboratory

to detect them.Specific reactivates of each immunoassay, the standard cutoffs for detection, and

whether the assay is capable of detecting the parent drug, its metabolites, or both. Identifymembers of a drug class which are poorly or well detected by a generic immunoassay (e.g.,oxycodone detection by the opiate immunoassay) and the common causes of false positivesdue to cross-reactivities.

8. PHARMACOGENOMICSADDITIONAL COMPETENCIES SPECIFIC TO CHEMISTRYPatient Care

"Chain of custody" and other legal requirements for forensic chemical pathology.Professionalism

The social consequences of testing for drugs of abuse.PRACTICALS (Practicals must be conducted on all the above topics)

1. Analysis of drugs in blood and urine2. Biochemical tests for assessing the following

Pancreatic function, gastric function, kidney function, cardiac function, thyroid function3. Routine immunoassays for drugs-of-abuse testing4. Laboratory tests for evaluation of overdosed/poisoned patients.5. Adulteration of urine methods of detection.


MLT 203 VIROLOGY AND ADVANCED MICROBIOLOGY

VIROLOGY

General virology- General characteristics and classification of viruses, Morphology andstructure of viruses, Bacteriophage, propagation and identification of viruses

-Cell culture, embryonated eggs, animal inoculation,-Viral replication and virus-host cell interactions-Safety in the virology laboratory.

Systematic Virology-Systematic study of following viruses


38/51

38

Parvo viruses, Adeno viruses, Papova virus, Herpes virus, Pox virus, orthomyxovirus,paramyxovirus , Rubella virus, Arbovirus, Rhabdo virus, Hepatits viruses, Retroviruses, Human enteric viruses, Oncogenic viruses, Prions of humans.

Diagnostic virology-Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections.Collection, Preservation, transportation, Processing, and reporting of various clinical

specimens for viral infections.Pathogenesis of viral infectionsImmune response to viral infectionsEpidemiology of viral infections

Antiviral agentsViral infections in immuno compromised patients.Emergence and re-emergence of viral infections.

PracticalDiagnostic tests in virology, Animal-cell cultures, Media, Sterilization, Demonstration of celllines, CPE, embryonated egg inoculation, immuno fluorescent techniques, Viral neutralization

tests, Viral haemagglutination tests and haemagglutination inhibition tests, serological testsfor viral infections,Western blot technique(Students should visit and observe all techniques in virology in a reputed institute)

MLT 204 MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY

Parasitology& Mycology

General parasitology

Classification of medically important parasites , epidemiology of parasitic infections,immunology of human parasitic infections.Diagnostic parasitoloySystemic study of following parasites (Geographical distribution, habitat, morphology and lifecycle, risk of infection, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis prophylaxis and serologicaldiagnosis)

Protozoa Intestinal amoeba, free living pathologic amoeba, giardia, trichomonas,balantidium, isospora, cryptosporidium, microspora.Malaria, leishmania, trypanasoma, toxoplasma, baberia.Helminthes

Cestodes Taenia, Echinococus, Diphylobothrium.Trematodes- Schistosoma, Fasciola, Fasciolepsis, Paragonimus.Nematodes- Ascaris, Hookworm, Trichuris, Enterobius, Strongyloides, Filaria,Trichinella, Toxocara, Dracunculus,

PracticalExamination of stool for parasites.Examination of blood & bonemarrow for parasites.Examination of other body fluids & biopsy specimens for parasites.Culture techniques for parasites.Serological diagnostic methods .Mycology


39/51

39

General Micology Fungus ClassificationFungul Structure & Morphology, Immunity to Fungal Infections.Culture Media in Micology , Stains in Micology.Diagnostic MicologyEpidemiology, Pathogenesis, Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections.Specimen collection, preservation, Transportation & Identification of Micological Agent.

Micosirology, Anti fungal agent, invitro tests use of lab animals in Micology.

Superficial Mycosis Pityriasis Vessicolor, white piedra, black piedra, tinea nigra,Malassezia species, dermatophytes .Subcutaneous Mycosis Mycetoma Sporotrichosis, Chromoblastomycosis,Phaeohyphomicosis, Rhinosporidiosis, Lobomicosis.Systemic Mycosis-Histoplasmosis, Blastomicosis,Coccididiomicosis, ParaCoccididiomicosisOpportunistic Mycosis Candidiasis, Aspergillosis, Zygomicosis, Penicillin marneffei,pneumocystis Carini.Miscellaneous Mycosis-Otomycosis, fungal infections in eyes, Mycotoxins, Allergic Fungal

diseases.

PracticalsMedia & Stains preaparation for Mycology, Diagostic Method in Mycotic Infections,Identification test in Mycology, Serological test in Micology.

SPECIALIZATION C HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION TECHNIQUES

MLT 203 HEMATOLOGY IIUNIT I1. Anaemia Definition, Clinical features,

Pathophysiology diagnostic strategy of anaemia in general

UNIT II2. Megaloblastic anaemia

Pernicious anaemia and other causes of Vitamin B12 andFolate deficiencyInherited and drug induced

UNIT III3. Disorders of iron metabolism and haeme synthesis

Iron deficiency anaemiaAnaemia of chronic disorderSideroblastic anaemiaPorphyria

UNIT IV4. Haemolytic anaemia General considerations, Pathogenesis, Classification Clinical

features, Lab findings, Diagnostic approach to haemolytic anaemia in general.UNIT V5. Inherited haemolytic disorders

Defect in erythrocyte membrane HS, HEDefect in erythrocyte glycolytic enzyme - G6PD, Pyruvate KinaseDefect in globin structure and synthesis Haemoglobinopathies, Thalassemia

UNIT VI


40/51

40

6. Acquired haemolytic disordersImmune haemolytic anaemiaTraumatic/Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemiaInfection/chemical agents/physicalagents/drugs

UNIT VII7. Haemostasis

Platelets in haemostasis and thrombosisBlood coagulation and fibrinolysisMechanism and regulation of haemostasis

UNIT VIII8. Disorders of haemostasis and coagulation

Thrombocytopaenia pathophysiology, classification,Diagnosis of ITPThrombocytosisQualitative disorders of plateletsCoagulation disordersInherited haemophilia A&B, von Willibrands

Acquired Vitamin KBleeding disorder caused by vascular abnormalityUNIT IX9. White blood cell disorders acute leukaemia, FAB and WHO classification And

diagnostic criteriaClassification of myeloproliferative disorders - generalFeatures, CML in detailClassification of lymphoproliferative disorders general features, CLL in detail

UNIT X10. Plasma cell disorders- multiple myeloma, Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia

PRACTICALSHEMATOLOGY

- Vitamin B12 assay,- Folate serum, red cell- Deoxyuridine suppression test- Serum iron, serum ferritin, TIBC, Marrow iron stain- Plasma Hb, Foetal Hb, Hb electrophoresis- Microcolumn chromatography for quantitative estimation of Hb- Sickling test- Solubility test- Detection of enzyme deficiencies like G6PD- Hams test, osmotic fragility with incubation- Glycerol lysis test- Leukaemia cytochemical and immunohisochemical stains, peroxidase,- SB, PAS, esterase, leucocyte alkaline phosphatase,- Immunohisochemical stains for various markers to type Leukemia.- Plasma cell discresies serum electrophoresis / immunoelectrophoresis- Bleeding disorders PT, PTTK, TT, Platelet count, INR Correction studies- Prothrombin index, Fibrinogen estimation,- Factor assay, Clot retraction, Euglobulin


41/51

41

- Lysis time, FDP, Platelet function test,- Platelet aggregation

MLT 204 TRANSFUSION TECHNOLOGY

1. History of blood transfusion

2. Donor selection, Donor registration3. Blood groups in immunology and genetics4. Blood group system5. Blood donation and blood collection6. Transfusion transmitted disease and their screening7. Storage and preservation of blood and blood products8. The cross match (compatibility testing)9. Transfusion reaction and their investigations10.Computerisation in blood bank11.Organisation of blood bank services

PRACTICALS

Practicals must be conducted on all the above topics


MLT 203 CYTOGENETICS

1. Introduction to Genetics- History and impact of Genetics in Medicine- Mendelian laws of inheritance.- Medical Genetics- Cytogenetics

2. Structure and molecular organization of Chromosomes- Chromosome and cell cycle- Normal human chromosomes,

Heterochromatin, sex chromatin, abnormalities in sex chromatin,autosomes

3. Chromosome studies- Identification of human chromosomes- Chromosome Identification by image analysis and Quantitative

cytochemistry- Karyotyping- Direct chromosome preparation of Bone Marrow cells

- Culture techniques- Banding techniques- Sex Chromatin bodies- Autoradiography of human chromosomes- The Chromosome var Internal Assesmenttion and sex determination- An overview of chromosome number, chromosome composition and sex

determination in humans

4. Medical Genitics -- Diseases


42/51

42

- Genetic diseases with classical Mendel Internal Assessment inheritance- Autosomal recessive inheritance- Patterns of autosomal dominant inheritance- X-linked inheritance- Patterns of pseudo-autosomal inheritance.- A typical pattern of inheritance

- Prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases{Down, Turners, Kleinfelters, Cri-di chat.Microsatellites and diseases Eg:Fragile X syndrome, Hintingtons diseaseGene mutations & Inherited humandiseases single gene diseases and complex traits Egs: Sickle cell Anemia,Hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, cancer, diabetes etc.Protein misfolding & diseases

Alzheimers & prion diseases.}5. Biochemical genetics

- Disorders of amino acid metabolism.- Urea cycle disorders.- Disorders of carbohydrate metabolisms.- Disorders of steroid metabolism.

- Disorders of lipid metabolism.- Lysosomal storage disorders.- Disorders of purine/pyrimidine metabolism.- Organic acid disorders.- Disorders of copper metabolism.- Peroxidase disorders

6. Human Genome project, treatment of genetic disease and gene therapy- Genetics and society

7. Recent advances in cytogenetics.

PRACTICALS

(Students should be aware of all the practical aspects of the above mentioned topics.)

1. Study of Karyotypes INormal karyotyping in Humans male (46, XY) and female (46, XX), G bandedmetaphase plates.

2. Study of Karyotypes IIAbnormal karyptypes Down syndrome (Autosomal), Turner syndrome and Klinefeltersyndrome (Sex chromosome)

3. Sex chromatinBuccal semear study and staining methods for Barr bodiesBlood smear study of drumsticks in neutrophils

MLT 204 CYTOLOGY

1. Diagnostic cytology of organs

a) FGS-normal cytology, physiologic cyclic changes, cytology of pregnancy and abortion,inflammatory conditions, benign and malignant condition.

b) Urinary system normal cytology, inflammatory conditions,benign and malignant condition


43/51

43

c) Respiratory system normal sputum cytology, inflammation,benign and malignant condition

d) Gastrointestinal Tract

2. Processing of various fluids like ascitic, pleural, pericardial, CSF, nipple secretion,amniotic fluid, sputum, FNAC-technique, preparation of the smear, staining

3. Immunochemistry peroxidase, antiperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase4. Quality control and recent advances in cytology5. Genetics of phenyl ketonuria, alkaptonuria, homocystinurea, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome,

Down,s syndrome, Turners syndrome,Di-George syndrome, Kleinfelters syndrome,Hermaphroditism, cystic fibrosis,

6. Prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases

PRACTICALS

1. Method of specimen collection, fixation, fixatives2. Preservation of fluid specimen prior to processing3. Preparation of fluid specimen for microscopic examination4. Mounting of cell sample5. Cytologic techniques of : Urine sample, Sputum sample, Body fluids6. PAP staining7. Special stains8. Vaginal and cervical smears9. Stains for hormonal evaluation10. Demonstration of Barr body11. Karyotyping/Banding techniques12. Cytospin preparation

Recent techniques, Quality control in cytology

THIRD SEMESTER


SPECIALIZATION A CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

MLT 301 LABORATORY ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT (SECTION A) ANDBIOSTATISTICS (SECTION B)

SECTION A AND SECTION B SHOULD BE ANSWERED SEPERATELY

1. Different levels of laboratories2. Basic requirements and functions of a laboratory3. Purchasing of equipments and chemicals4. Open and closed system analyzers5. National and international accreditation of laboratories6. Laboratory safety7. Quality control, External and internal quality controls, quality

control materials, filing of QC charts8. Principles of Instrumentation


44/51

44

9. Laboratory statistics10. Clinical Laboratory Informatics11. All aspects Laboratory management including Financial

management

BIOSTATISTICS

Unit I: Descriptive StatisticsTabulation, organization and graphical representation of quantitative data.

Measures of central tendencies: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Variability : Range . Q.D; S.D; A.D; and Coefficient ofVariationMeasures of Relative Position: Percentiles, Percentile Ranks, StandardsScores, Stanine Scores, T- ScoresNormal Probability Distribution, properties of normal curve, applications ofnormal curve, Divergence from Normality : Skewness and Kurtosis

Unit II : Correlational Techniques

Karl Pearson.s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient .r.Spearman.s Rank order correlation coefficient ( rho)Regression and PredictionBiserial, Point biserial, Tetrachoric and Phi-CoefficentPartial and Multiple Correlation

Unit VII : Statistical InferenceConcept of Standard Error and it.s usesThe Significance of Statistical MeasuresTesting the Significance of difference between two means Z-Test, T-Test

Analysis of variance and Analysis of covariance :

new revised msc mlt calicut

Documents