new operant conditioning - weebly · 2020. 3. 19. · operant conditioning reinforcement (increase...
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Operant Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning• A type of learning in which behavior is
strengthened if followed by reinforcement
or diminished if followed by punishment.
REINFORCEMENT PUNISHMENT
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Is the organism learning associations
between events that it doesn’t control?
Is the organism learning associations between its behavior and resulting events (punishment or reward)?
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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OPERANT
CONDITIONING
REINFORCEMENT
(increase behavior)
PUNISHMENT
(decrease behavior)
POSITIVE
(adding something to the
situation)POSITIVE
REINFORCEMENT
POSITIVE
PUNISHMENT
NEGATIVE
(removing something from
the situation)NEGATIVE
REINFORCEMENT
NEGATIVE
PUNISHMENT
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Reinforcer
• Any event that STRENGTHENS the
behavior it follows.
Two Types of Reinforcement:
Positive and Negative
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Positive Reinforcement
• STRENGTHENS a behavior by ADDING a
stimulus after a response
• INCREASING the behavior of doing
chores by ADDING money
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Positive Reinforcement
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Negative Reinforcement
• STRENGTHENS a behavior by
REMOVING an aversive stimulus.
• INCREASING the behavior of smoking by
REMOVING the anxiety
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Negative Reinforcement
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Punishment• An event that
DECREASES the behavior that it follows.
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Positive Punishment• DECREASES a behavior by ADDING a
stimulus after a response.
• DECREASING the behavior of misbehaving by ADDING a spanking
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Negative Punishment
• DECREASES a behavior by REMOVING
an aversive stimulus.
• DECREASING the behavior
of texting by REMOVING
the cell phone
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Limitations of Punishment• Punishment often only produces temporary suppression
• Punishment produces undesirable emotional side effects
• Children who are physically punished learn to model or imitate aggressive acts and often become more aggressive in their interactions with others
• Punishment NEVER teaches a new behavior