new microsoft office power point presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
PRESENTED BY : HIMANSHU GUPTA
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INTRODUCTION TYPES OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS COMMUNICATION MODEL DESIGN FACTORS
CONTENTS
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Communication channel is a connection between transmitter and receiver through which Data can be transmitted.
Communication channel also called as communication media or transmission media
INTRODUCTION
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An organization has to design the direction of communication flow to ensure uniformity in dissemination of information and to establish accountability .
This direction is designed to channelize the flow of communication either from top to bottom ,bottom to top or on same hierarchical levels .This flow is called the direction of communication
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COMMUNICATION MODELS
Transmitter Communication channel Receive
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the social glue … that continues to keep the organization tied together”
“the essence of organization” a key process underlying all aspects of
organizational operations
properly managing communication processes is central to organizational functioning
COMMUNICATION OF CHANNELS
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Formal
Informal
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
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The process of sharing official information with others who need to know it,
According to the prescribed patterns depicted in an organization chart
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
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Top manager
General manager
Supervisor
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INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
Informal communication are those type of communication in which people casually share the information with each others. Sometime it is also called grapevine
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President
Vice president
Manager
Manager
Vice president
Manager
Manager
M
Efforts at coordination
Info
rmat
ion
Instructions and directives
Formal Communication
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Formal Communication
Downward communication:instructions, directions, orders feedback
upward communication:data required to complete projectsstatus reportssuggestions for improvement, new ideas
Horizontal communication:coordination of cooperation
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One central person
Unequal access to information
Central person is at the “crossroads” of the information flow
Centralized Networks
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Communication StructuresCentralized
Y
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Communication StructuresCentralized
Wheel
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Communication StructuresCentralized
Chain
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Decentralized Networks
Information can flow freely
No central person
All members play an equal role in the transmittal of information
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AJB
D H I
K
F
GE
C
Gossip
A
F B D
J
H
CE
K
G I
X
Probability
AC
D
F
J
IB
Cluster
Y
D
C
B
A
Chain
Informal Networks
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Network Roles
Bridge
Liaison
Isolate
Isolated Dyad
Cosmopolites
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Informal Communication
information shared without any formally imposed obligations or restrictions
if an organization’s formal communication represents its skeleton, its informal communication constitutes its central nervous system (Behavior in Organizations, p. 307)
eng. “grapevine“An organization’s informal channels of communication, based mainly on friendship or acquaintanceorigin: American Civil War [grapevine telegraphs]
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“Grapevine“
1. a secret means of spreading or receiving information
2. the informal transmission of (unofficial) information, gossip or rumor from person-to-person -> "to hear about s.th. through the grapevine"
3. a rumor: unfounded report; hearsay
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oral mostly undocumentedopen to changefast (hours instead of days)crossing organizational boundaries
Grapevine Characteristics
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inaccuracy:◦levelling
deletion of crucial details◦sharpening
exaggeration of the most dramatic details
while the grapevine generally carries the truth it seldom carries the whole truth
Grapevine Characteristics
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70% of all organizational communication occurs at the grapevine level
estimated accuracy rates: 75-90% the incorrect part might change the meaning of the
whole message though an estimated 80% of grapevine information is oriented
toward the individual while 20% concerns the company
Grapevine Figures
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According to Gordon Allport: importance of the subject for both listener
and speaker ambiguousness of the facts
Formula:R = i x a
“R“: intensity of the rumor“i“: importance of the rumor to the persons
“a“: ambiguity of the facts associated with the rumor
Factors Influencing Grapevine Activity I
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Employees rely on the grapevine when: they feel threatened, insecure, under stress when there is pending change when communication from management is
limited
Factors influencing Grapevine Activity II
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social function reduction of anxiety release mechanism for stress identification of pending problems early warning system for organizational change vehicle for creating a common organizational
culture desired information can be circulated quickly to
a large group of subordinates (inofficially!)
Positive Aspects of the Grapevine
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the grapevine cannot be abolished, rubbed out, hidden under a basket, chopped down, tied up, or stopped“
don‘t try to control or restrict ituse it to supplement formal channels
Coping or Managing the Grapevine
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identify and make use of key communicators ( bridgers)
monitor what is happening in the organization
use the grapevine to give new ideas a “trial run“
Tapping“ the Grapevine
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