new matrix upper intermediate
TRANSCRIPT
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tudent's Bookcooo
KathyGudewith aynеWi|dmen oxroRD
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New
Upper-lntermediate
Student's Book
Kathy&udеwith aynеWildman
G
trre
oxroRDUNI\/ЕRSITY PRЕss
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1 Look t thеpiсturеs. hy s аppеarаnсеmportantаnimaIs nd o pеople?
Skim еad hе ехtandmatсh eаdings _е o1-5.
il;;;'; a сonstantfеatuI; of today,sworld. Wе sее hеm
on TV at thе сinеma, in magazinеs.Howеvеr,not all of
thеm havеbееnсrеatеdby huЬan bеings.Naturе tsеlfhas
сrеatеd omеof thе most bеautiful magеs,and thе variеty
of imagеs n naturе is еnormous.Ovеr millions of yеars'
.u.rl ,fr..i" s has developed ts owп .look,..Thеre arе thrее
*ui'l *u,o's for this divеrsity of natural imagеs.
1Whеrеvеrwе look nowadaysWеarеsurroundеd-by'ii.gl]:
2Lеt,s bеgin by looking ш tw9 vеIy d'I*':"j.'^Y-::1.:^
':::
ЗBut hiding from thеir prеdatoIs sn't'th"
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to
Titlе:
parаgraphs
a I spirat ionb Sаfеtyс VаrlеtУ
d Аppеа|е |nvisibiIitу
3 whatwouldbea suitаbIеit|е orthe еxt?
Sсan hе extand ind hе answеrso thеquеstions.
1 Whеrе owесоmе сrossmaяеs? hat rе hе ourсеsоf hеsеmagеs?Why avе t iсknsесtsеvе|opеdhеir magе? avеtigеrs volvеdtripеsor hеsamе еаson?
Whаt oеs hеаrmadiIIosе oprotесttseIf? hat thеrspесiеssе imilаr аys f protесt ion?Whаtmportаntо|е oеs magе |ауn hе ifе fpеасoсks?\Vhеrеopеoplе ftеn ookor аshiondеаs?
stiсk insесt and thе ti еr. Stiсk insесts hav.ееvolvеd to look
еxaсtly likе thе branйеs and lеavеs thеy livе amongst.For
thеm, thе ability to hidе from thеir еnеmiеs is еssеntial
bесausе hеy arеsmall and саmouflаgе ffеrs thеm thе only*uy .o protЪсtthеmsеlves.Yеt it,s not only small сrеaturеs
that usе сamouflagе.Largе mammals do too, but in a
totally diffеrеnt way. Tigеis, for еxamplе, havе StripеS o
hidе thеmsеlvеs n ,n" й,.g grass,whеrе thеy сan launсh
thеir attaсkson thеir p,"y. ёйo.,flagе madе it possiblе fоr
tigеrs o bесomеsuссеssful untеIs.4
сan еnsurе thеir survival. Thе armadillo from Сеntral and
South Amеriсa, or еxamplе, s protесtеdbу thiсk piесеs.of
hard bonе whiсh to'* u shЪll around its tlody. Thеarmadillo looks morе likе an armourеd m1сhi1е
l':i.i,.i.,'." fi.сtion fllm than an animal. Or lеt,s takе a rnоrе
сommon еxamplе.Thе hеdgеhog s a muсh smallеr animal,
й.,i''u',,,"
has providеo it йitь a сoаtof Long,sharp Spinеt
to protесt tsеIf rom ts еnеmiеs'
Rеading
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Sсanningmеаns ookinguiсkIyhrough tехtwithoutеadingеVerуеntеnсеo ind hе nformаtionounееd. hishе|psou o inddеtаilednformationorе uiсk|y.
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YoсahшlaryТhe naturalшorld5 Еxp|ainhе meaning f thewords n tаliсaссordingo how hеyarе usеd n
thе еxt.
6 Sсan hе еxtand indwords r phraseshаtmean:1 a numbеr f diffеrеntypеs f somеthingparagraph)
2 a group f аnimаIsrp|аntshаt hаrеhе amе harасtеristiс sparаgraph)3 dеvеIoprаduа|Iyrоm simpIеoа morе omp|еxorm pаrаgrаph)4 bе n а p|aсе hеrе ou annot е ееn pаragrаph)5 kееp оmеthingr somеbodyаfе pаrаgrаph)6 аn аnimaIhat s ki||еdndеatеn yothеr nimalsparagrаph)7 аn animа|hаt i||sndеats thеr nimalsparagrаph)8 makе omeonеее| hаt hеу ikе ou pаragrаph)9 bemorе uссеssfulhаn thеrsparagrаph)
Еvolution7 Matсh hеverbsn Iist to thosе n ist2 thаtаrе imi|аrn mеaning.
1 protесt еVOIVе providе аttrасt сrеаtе
2 ofIer form . аppеal dеvеlop dеfеnd
8 Сomp|еtееntеnсes_5With he сorrесtormof a verb romIist in 7 аbovе,and a suitаblе rеposition' ore hаnoneprеposition aybе сorreсt.] Naturе as thеhеdgеhog а сoat f |ong,harp pinеs.2 Sсiеntistsе|iеvеhat urUnivеrsеаs
thеBigBаng.а hugе xpIosiona||еd
3 |\4аnуls|torsrе Lаkе |еd есаusеf tsnaturаl еаutv4 Dаrwin as hе irst o сIаimhаt hеhumаn асе a spесiеs
of аnimа|.
5 Stiсknsесtsrе prеdatorsесausеhеy ook ikе wigs.
suffixgs and profixоь9 Formadjeсtivеsrom hеsе ounsbуadding fulandIor./ess.hеn сan he
textand indwhat hе adjeсtivesеsсribе.
i'i.:l
.- is yеt anothеr rеason for
..'.rе.s variеty of imagеs. For thе
1''.s to survivе it,s not еnough to
. .:е from prеdators. Somеtimеs it,s
. -.tu,.t to stаnd out iп thе сrowd.
, - ,.uks, or instanсе, dеvеlopеd.:.: ехtlaordinary bluе and grееn
. io attraсt {еmalеs 1pеаhens)
',.:-:1g hе mating sеason. Many
...г animals usе thеir imagе to,' ]сf,}to potеntial matеs and to gеt
. - .зd of thеir rivals.
. :-' enimal,s appеaтanсе seпds out a
-. ilпportапtmеSSаgе. hеir imagе
-.'l. 's ihеm to hidе, to dеfеnd
.епrsеlvеs or to flnd paтtnеrs. Wе
' ..:тlanshavе stolеn maлy of ou г
'".-lr magеs from wildlifе ovет thе
-=nturiеs. Just think of rrrilitary
-1lloLtI for еxarnplе, oт thе fеathетs:. еxpеnsivе hats, lеopaтd skin
:'зriсs, punk hairstylеs, сamouflagе
..-.1'',.,,,-fukеur... thе list is еndlеss.
.r faсt, whеn it сomеs to fаshion-, t
).еms as if thе human raсе .nas
=ernеd еvеrything it knows trоm
-lstonе sourсе_ naturе.
1 hе|p2 pеасе3 worth
4 сount5 wondеr
t CI writеwordswithа nеgativе refiх,un-,m-, n-)whiсhmеаn hеoppositеof 1-7.. l nаturаI
2 еssеntiaI3 possibIе4 suссеssfuI
Сhoosе nеof thе statеmеntseIow nd sаywhyуouagreе/disаgrееith t.о You an |wаysudgе pеrson yhisor hеr ppеаranсе.o It 's оtwhatwеwеаr uthowwеwеаr t hаtmattеrs.. Bеаutvsonlv kin ееp.
5 сommon
6 importаnt7 еxpеnsivе
ф
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perfeсt implеand pastplе
't;--.i..l+'':.нiqj.ц:....l;l..ffiцдi:-..
Exp|ain hy hrеe f thеsе еntеnсеsre nсorrесt.,l l'vеWorn nеwdrеss,еsterdаY.2 N4уriеndsаughedhеn hеу awmуо|d гаiпеrs.3 Jаnе idn't uy nуbrand аmе |othеs,'еt.4 Jаmiеust ost iswаlIеt.
In pairs, irstanswеr hequеstions,hеn еad hе еxt.DоуouagrееwithwhatKeIly, avе nd hе writеr ay?Whу/why ot?,1 Whаtsа brаnd аmе?2 Whаt oуou hinkmаkеs|othеsndothеrhinss ith
brаnd аmеsopopu|ar?
Rеad hе еxt gain. ndеrIinehееxamp|еsf thеprеsеnt еrfeсt imple nd сirс|еhееxаmp|еsf thеpastsimplе n the еxtraсt.
Hаveyoueverboughtа brаndname roduсt?f o,why?Мostpeopte,t seems, uy hеseproduсts s a Wayof expressingtheir wn ndividuat ityhile t it lbeing art Га grоup. uyingbrand amеss ikebеing fanofа popular and ra famousfootballeam, t gives oua senseof dеntity. owevеr,hеseproduсts ave есomemuсh
morеimportanthаn heyused o bе,espeсiаl lyoryoung eople.
Yеsterday,spoke o some
lrlаtсhhеvеrbs n boId n thе еxt o thеusеs -4.,l tо dеsсr ibеn ехpеriеnсеhat as r hаsn't аpреnеdt
аn ndеfinitеime n thepast .g.|lаveуou evorbought?and-
2 .- 3еsсr ibenасt ionhаt as inishеduthas nеffесt'. . ' * orеsеnt
3 .' : l.s:t ..bеnасt ion r stаtеhаt tаrtеdn hеоаst nd.. . . . .,]s о hеprеsеnt-
4 :с сеs:r еа finishеdсtion rstаtе tа dеfinitеimе n-i -
Undеr|inehесorrесtеnsе n sеntеnсes_8.1 Dtd ouе\еr ееНауе oLl vеr ееnОasisn сonсеrt?2 Sjmon oughtаsоoughtоmе еsignеrеans аst ееk.3 Sаrаworkеdihаsуorkеdsa modе|n hеholidаys.4 | сan't аlI еssiе | 'оrgоtihаl,е'оrgottеnvmobiIе.5 |didn,t o/hаvеn'tееnosсhoоl еstеrdау.6 |sоw/hаvеееn wo i|ms tarring еоrgе loоnеу
rесеntIy.7 Markdidn'tеоt/hаsn,tatеn hinеsеoodbеforе Wе,rе
goingo rу omе onight.8 Didуouwatсh/11avеouwаtсhedе|еvisionast ight?
Put hе аdvеrbsn braсkеtsn thесorrесt laсе nsentеnсеsl_8.
1 Don,tееd hе аt; 'vе ivеn imhisdinnеr.аlrеady)
2 Hаvе oupаid hе еlеphonеil|?yеt)3 Thе еttеrrommypеnfriеndasn,trrivеd.st iI|)4 Pau|a,s issеdhеbus. just)5 Hаvе ou riеdGrееkood? evеd6 l'vе ееn brоаd.nеvеr)7 Аnna аs ikеd |аssiса|usiс.а|ways)8 N4аttasn'tmovеd оusе.yеt)
Read -8 n 6 аgain nd answеr uеstionsl_3.
Whiсh dvеrbsr imе xprеssionsоwеus e,l to а|k bout xpеriеnсеshаt аvе r haven'tappеnеd
аtan ndеfinitеimе n hеоаst?
2 with hеprеsеntеrfесto aI k bout есеntсt ions ithorеsеntеsuts?
З with hеprеsеnt еrfесtorunfinishеdimе?
:1,
reenagersbout heir uyinghаbits. e[lцwhoЪ 7, explained|'vebought otsofсlothеs есausе ithе abel. bought
'ui.,. designer
Т.shirtwo yеars gobeсauset wasсheap na satе.Butl disсoveredhat hequаtitywаsgood. tdidn,t all toieсes fter woWеeks,o now buyсlotheswith abetsсan.' tЪnot ust hegirtswhoare magе
avе, ellyЪ rothеьoldme Dadboughtmedеsignеrrainersormybirthday fewyеars go .hen hаveаlwayswornbranded rainers.nd
,,,,1'
sinсе stаrted uyingmyownсlothes,astyea1 havealsoсhosen eansandT-shirts ith abets;hese eans ,mwearing ow orexamplе.tmeans oualways ee l
сonfidenthatyou'rewearingomеthingсool. '
:::r.ita:r..r:.:r',:.::::rirrr:..rll
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Рrеsеnt еrfесt impleandр еsеntperf сt сontinuous
\ilаtсh raглpiеs_с o thеusеs f thеprеsеnt еrfесt:опt inuous-l-3.a
.\4hуаГefou эo hot?.
'vebaan unnin7.,6 Theу,ve aen going to tha tannisсlub for уoаrь.
с ,vebeen iving hore ьinсe lаst Аpril.. lsе hеpresеntеrfесtоntinuousor:
'1 асt ionsrstatеs hiсh tartеdn hеpast ndаrе t i||
3оing n.Wеwаnt o еmphаsisеhе еngthf imе.
] aсt ionsrstatеs hiсh аvе toppеd,uthavе rеsеnt
tonsеquеnсеs.] асt ions hiсh аvе аppеnеdеpеatеdlyor omе imе.
\Vе ant o еmphаsisеhе еpеаtеdсt ion.
: Look t еxampIes and2 and hеnput hе imеехвressionsnto hесorrесt olumn.
1 l,vo Knоwn6а|Iуar
6iхуoаro.2 |,vo rived еro einсa2o0l,
a Iongimе twоwееks |ast arсh thrее ours
Сhristmas |Vondаy а fеwminutеs ninе ,с|oсk
Inpairs, irstput hеvеrbs n braсkеtsnto hесorrесttеnse presenterfесt impIе r сontinuous).henсomplеtеhe sеntеnсеs ith or or sinсе.f both ensеsarеpossibIe,xplainhеdiffеrenсеn meaning.
1 Pеtеr (rеаd)hеsаmе ook Iаst еаr.wondеr hеn еwiIl in ish.
2 Wе (try)o phonеhеm hours' еrnаps
thеir honеs brokеn.3 Ourgrandpаrеnts (hаvе)hеir аt two
уеa s.4 N4аriа (do)his оb-- thrееmonths.
5 Kar|(bе)
friеnd -agеs.
6 | - (not o) o he inеmа I movеd ousе
7 John (not atсh) footbal| atсh
months.8 Sаm (stay)ithhis ousins hеstartеd
сoIlеgе.
Prеsentperfеctwith when, f'
or antil"Е,ERеad hе ru|еs nd henсomplеtееntеnсеs_5using
yourownwords.Rulеs,l Wе аnusе hеprеsеnt erfесtimp|еnstеadf thе
prеsеnto aIk bout оmеthinghаtwilI r shouldhappеn еforеnothеrVentn hе uturе' .g.
Whenуou.voinishod уour homeworK.ou сdn go
out.Youсаn,tgo out unIil уou,veinished уourhomеworK.
2 Wе anusе hеprеsеntеrfесtimp|еnstеadf hе
оrеsеntn somе irst ondit ionаlеntеnсеs'.g.
lf уou,vеini;hod уour homeworK, e will go out., l |f hеу not by unсhtimе,еwi|l ing
and indoutwhеrеhеy re.
2 Whеn oU your еdroom,есаnhavеd nnеr.З I' lI е еadyogooutwhеn - mуhаir.
4 Whеn ou thе ab|еordinnеr,ou ou|d
hеIpmеpreparеhе еgеtаb|еs.5 Iсan't е|| ouwhatmуsесrеtsuntiI - to
Annе.
Lеt's aсtivatеPeгэonal oъPorieoс.o
12 ln pairs' ead hе nstruсtions_3аnd ntеrview aсh
othеr.Usе hеse uеstion ords.
Whеn What Whо ..with How How ong
Whу Howmanу imеs Whеrе
1 Find ut fyoUr artnеras onе hе hingsа-с) е|ow.
2 Find utasmuсhnformationsyou аn bout hat
hаppеnеdhеn е/shеid hеm.3 N4аkеnotе fУour artnеr'sеp|iеs.
Ехаmple
Whаts hеmоst xсit ingport oU avеriеd?
Kayаking.
Howmаny imеs аvе оudonе t?Lots.do t еvеrу ееkеndnsummеr.
Ann How ong avе oubееn oingt?Bob Sinсеwаs l2'
a tryanехсit ingportb visit n ntеrеsting|aсес pеrformnpub|iс
T3 Work n groups'Disсusshеquеstions.
1 Doуoubuу еsignеr|othеs?hyiWhyot?
2 Howhavе rаnd аmеs hаngedеop|е,spеnding
hаbitsnyour ountry?
l
llIIIп
AnnBob
AnnBob
for(period f time) sinсе pointn timе)
ф
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Inpairs, isсusshesе uеstions.] Hоw oyou еe| bout:
. taking hotogrаphs?
. sееinghotоgraphsfyourse|f?
. Iookingtothеr еoplе,shotogrаphs?2 Whу opеoplеаkе hotogrаphsf еасh thеr?З Hоw opеop|ееасt hеn hеу nоw hеir hotоgl.аphsbеingаl'епi
Whу?4 HowWеrеmаgеsеprеsеntеdеforеhе nvеntionf phоtogrаphу?
Look t thisphotographаnswеrhеquеstions.1 Whеn oyou hink t
was аkеn?2 Whаt ords ou|d
уoUUsе odеsсribеthеman?
3 How oуou hinkhе е|t bout hе
phоto?
гo6Jl:lListеno a shortnеws tеmаbout hе o|dphotogrаphndanswеlthеquеstions. ritenotеs ikе hosе n thеехamp|е.Ехаmplе|Уhеrеid Nlonsiеur аgneuх uу t?Аntiquo mаrKrt / Раris
1 Whу s t so mportаnt?2 Whеn аs t аkеn?3 Whеn id hеpub|iс еаr bouthеphotogrаph?4 WhowаsNiсo|аsuеt?5 Whаt id hеhаvеo do?
6 Why idn't есomb ishair rsmi|е?Eхpand ournotеsntosеntenсеs.hеn ompare ourаnswеrso аpa tnеr's.
5 Lookat thеsе hotographsndаnswеrthеquеstions.
, l How lddoyоu hink hеpеoplе rе?2 Whаtоbs oуou hink hеy o?
ro6,|l.zThegirl n thеphotogrаphs
сa||ed nnаPimm. istеn ndсomplеtеthе notеs.
Annа imm.l Аgе:2 Nаtiоnа|itу:3 N4аinссupаtion:4 Pаrt- l imеob:-5 Eаrnings:6 Fаthеr'sссupаlion:7 Fathеr'sdviсе:8 N4ainmbit ion:
Inpairs, isсusshеsе uеstions.1 Who oуou hinkwas ight, nnа r
hеr аthеr?2 What oyou hink аshаppеnеdo
Annа inсеhеn7
Notе-takingWhеn istеningon'twоrrуfуoudo notundеrstаndverу ord.l\4аkеriefnotеs hе irst imеуou istеn .g. ntiquеmаrkеt/Pоris.Тhеn onfirmoUr nswеrn hе есondistеningеforеi||ingn hе
аnswеrorm.
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,:. .: j . . .:., Ё*' ' . ' i thZасk'the: . .. : . j; - ..-:. quеstions о уou: '* i . . зs[ п ml
i . ,: . ' : *:.:- l ._] thеn I istеn o the ntеrviеw. -. :'.;.:*:-:; *зtсh rl.hаt aсk says bout
. l .: l |:-|
.-|nеsidе асhstatеmеnt.
id thе: :. ;:ц ]*, -l ihе quеstionsyou rediсtеd?
.: ..]: j ' l lo0еl.
' ' " - ,, ' i l onеаgеnсy.
-:: : , ' : ' . . ;ОПg еriodsWithoUtWork.
] .., ..].О.
.: -]:l- ,s iOе for my Worst Xpеriеnсе.
-)l sОl l- lеr iеnds есausе f my Сarееr.
j ":,..s аvе r iеd o mаkеmе givеup modеIIing.
Jt]еrl- l vork uffеrеd s a rеsult f modе|l inя.
- : ikеа сomp|еtеhаngе f сarееr.
:,] i . . lшnсiat ion
l. :""435
-: : i irdеd nto уl|аbIes:nits suа||yontаining. .lr lsоnаntеforеndior ftеrt,е.g. f-tеr.
- -::, nе hеstrеssеdyIlablеn еaсhworс...асt noun) b сon rасt vеrb)
'. ' l lеrсеnoun) b сommеr ia| аdjесt ive)
з з О6Jl'sNow ntеrv iеw aсhothеr. еfеr owhаtyourpаrtnеr аs аid о shоw hat ouarе istening.sе hеdiaIoguеox o he|p ou'
;:t:r:::::....,.."1",;1;i;:.1-:i::;;;:-:,,:i;::..;r:;;:-;,:.::;";-.:-,;;:;;,;;:rt.,.'-:;Jrr::-..-;"ir:.:;r,
.- sьowing hatyouarе istеning
.j A Now oumеntionedhаtуou,d |wауs antеdo bеа
modе|.Yеs, vеr inсе ook аrt na fаshiоnhow tsсhooISo hаt,s ow t a|| tа tеd?Yеs, |ushе асt hat wonа сompеtit ionnа |oсаInеWspapеr.
B
AB
j^Aсtuаllу, wаsgoing o аskуouаboutthаt. Сouldуouехplаin n moredetаil ехaсt|уow hаt hе|pеd ou?
stimulus baьoddiьcuвьiont4 Disсusshеse uеstions.
' l Whаt rе hеpеop|еn hеpiсturеsoing?
2 Whаts hе Iogаnuggеsting?З Whаtsmоrе mportаntorа hаppу ifе аppеaranСеr
pеrsonaIity?4 Towhаt xtеnt ophotographsn advеrtisеmеnts
influеnсеs?5 ArephotogrаphiсmagеsIwаysnасСuratеiсturеf
rеа tу?
. .:ftvеrlэ)
: : iП V€D)
: : I \.еrb)
b sа is aс iоn noun)b as ignmеnt nоun)b rеас iоn noun)
.оgrаph noun)b phо ogrаphiс аdjесt ivе)
\оtvIisten nd сhесk ouranswеrs.rасtisethе vords ith hе сorrесt trеss.
l ;еaking' _1
'
" ' . :". goingo ntеrviеw partnеr.mаginе ouеaсh
', ' = J ffеrеntob n whiсh ouhavе ееn еry' ' -.: .; . Vr itе uеstionso indoutаbout:
r :- .i l t l - lе оing thе job
.г..
). . ' lg/tvorst xpеriеnсе.апl v lifе/|fеstу|еl 's
n/lake he mostYourselff
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i
", €,
lT:.
.j::.:1traditionalmagesf,Britainhiсh еtpеopleo
. Look t thеpiсtures. hatdiffеrеntmages f Britain o thеyshow?
What mages oyouhavе fBritain hiсh renot n thеpiсturеs?
he samplе
ho aeKТiсk /) thepointsn thе ist hаtmight ppеar n a writtеndesсription.о pеrsonaIее|ingsndеmotions. fасts nd igurеs. exp|anаtionsf who,whаt,
whеn, hеrе ndwhy
a
a
informa, onvеrsаtionа-tуpе|а guagе,.g. ontraсtionsstoriеsr nаrrаtivе
piсtuеs, rаwingsndl rdiаgrаms
havea better deaof whatBritish ifе s tike oday.z Manypeople hinkoГBritain nd mmediatetyhinkof London. igBen s an еxample f a сharaсteristiсmage f London. his sbeсause t s partof theHousеs f Parl iaй"n., r. ' ' .й ,.;;;.
tradition s wе[l s todayЪ overnment.ther ouristmagеs on,tsymbolisehewhote ountryn thеsameWay s BigBеn.Мanypeople hinkof a Br it ishmanwеaring dark uit uй .u,.;u;.; ,umbrella' hiсh s notvery ypiсathesedays.Howevеr,n umbrellais an mportantmage f Britain есausе tsayssomething bout heweather, hiсhpeoplе alkaboutaltthe ime. ther mportantimagеs re oodanddrink. ea s a traditionatmage, ut mostyoungpeopleow rinkmorеoffee.ritisheopletirr; . i".
"i ion,.'oсhips, owеVer,o thisappears o be oneof thebest epresеntations
oГ radit ionatr it ish ood.
3 Тhere remanyBritishmusiсians ndbandsandBritishmusiс spopular n manypartsof theworld. hеmusiсаl nstrumentsiveanidеaoi thе nfluenсе f musiс. port s аlsoan ,;.;;;;;ъieo witr,Britain eсausе o many portsor iginallyamе rom here. f,ootbaltis a better mage hana сriсkеt аtbeсause verybodyeсognisеsfootba[[.
4 Finallц oungpeoplehavean mportant art o play n British ifе, sdo pеopte rommanydifferеntultures.mages f youngpeople ndof a multiсulturaloсiety howhow аsсinating ritains todav.
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uring Paregr.?ьс4 *Еаd hе dшbtirru Dесidewhiсh paragrаph, l-4,
foоrsсsomрйПse{.. \ сouпtrrof сuhurеsb British ulfurе odaус { morеассUгаtеmprеssion
d ТypiсаlIу ritish
Arоidiпg epetition\еt.еrwritе xасt|уhеsamеhingmorе hanonсеwhеn\tru rеwriting. rytоuse variеty f waуs f rеpеatingsimilаrdеas.
5 lоok аt thеsеphrasesrom hе dеsсription. hеysаysfuпilarhings boutwhat he magеsmеanbut nfrffеrеntways.Whiсh magеdoeseaсhphrаse efеr o?
1 ...stаndor .2 ...don't ymbolisе'.3 ... snot еrу ypiсa|..{ ...sаys omethingbout ..5 . . isа trаdit iоnaImagе ..6 .-. hеbеst еоrеsеntationf...7 ...givе n dеа f ...8 ... hаvе n mpo rtantart o p|ayn ... ...shоw...
Stсpsto hеttеr writing
Writingyour desсription9rainоtorming7 {),n пgroups'preparеo dеsign poster ndwritеa
desсriptionf yourсountry. isсuss hat magеs oushouIdnсIude ndwhy.Use hediаIoguе ox o hеIpyou.
JustifyingpinionsA Pеrsonollу, don,t hink ууe houldсhoose n imagеo{
a manwеаring dark uit nd arryingn umbrеl|a.B I agrеe. еt,s ot hove halbесаusеt'sa bit o|d-
fаshionеd,sn't t?С ln mу opinion,weshould nсludean imаgеof the
Housеs f Pаrliаmenteсousevеrybodyесognisеsthаt san magе f Br itain.
A I eel it ltlouldbe better o nсludеan imagеof howyoungpеop|еive. urеlу hаt,slthot tudentsWant o
see?B АbsoIutе|y.t,s eollу mportаnttonсlude hatkind
of imаgе.Thаt,s he kind of thingуoungpeopleсаnrеlаte to.
PlanningB Dесidе:
. how о ntroduсеourdеsсription.
. whiсh rdеr o put our есisionsn.
Ц|riting9 Usеyournotes o writе a desсription.
. Expandournotеsnto omplеtееntеnсеs.о Usе iffеrent aуs f saying hat oudесidеdndwhаt
thе magеsеprеsеnt'
LhocYing10 сhесk hatyouhave:
. used aragrаphso ntroduсеiffеrеntdеas.
. writtenhе ight mount 200-250 ords).
Ёзпtоnсо uildingC сomplеtеhе sentenсes ith nformationor a
dеsсription f yourownсountry.l [ lаny еoplеhink f ...and mmеdiateIyhink f ...2 l wou|d hoosеn magеn myсountrуikе ..3 -..standsor ..4 ...dоеsn't/don'tymbo|isеhеwho|еountrу'5 Ьlany еop|еhink fа .. manorWomаns ..6 '.. sa trаdit iona|magе f ...7 \ ееata |ot f ..8 Pеоp|еn mусountryistеno ...
9 our nаt ionalsports...l0 isa ...soсiеty.
(D
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porteс|.imple nd paьtsimploWrite hеpаst impIe ndpastpartiсip|еsf thе vеrbs n
thесorreсt olumn.= bе u bеgin* bring* сomе* deсidе fа|l= find= forgеt* go ф know u lеavе* prоmisе rеmеmеr= sее s sing* 516p tеaсhu think " visit* wаsh= Writе
СompIеtеhе sеntеnсеs ith hе past implе r prеsеntpеrfeсt impIе f onеof thе verbs rom1 abovе.1 - you thеHаrdRосk afёwhеn ouwеrе
in Lоndоn?2 oh no - mуСamеrаthomе. саn't аkе ny
photos.Yоu ооk аnnеd. уoU аWay n holidаy?
Ethаn worriеdbоut is ppеaranсеor еаrs,butnowhе's uitе оnfidеnt.| - in pub|iсwiсе ithmусhoir.wаs еrуnеrvoUs.Niсk hiswа||еtn hе inеmа аst ееk.
you Brаd itt 's еw i|m?you tophonе usanаst ight?bеt ou
fоrgot
Сompletеhе dialoguеs ith hе most ppropriatеadverb.f morе hаnonе answers possib|е,ritеbothpossibi l it ies.
" аlrеady еvеr* just в nеVеr 51i|| }еt
1 .Нurryup, hе i|m as stаrtеd.'.Hаsаnуthingappеnеd?,
2 .HаvеуoU bееn nа photo hoоt?'
.No,|'vе bееn nonе, ut wеnt oа fаshiоnshow nсе.,
3 .HavеуoU seenMаtriхRе oаdеd?,
.No,I havеn,t',vе bookеdiсkеtsorSаturdауnight.'
4 .Hаvеyou inishеdurfinghе ntеrnеt?,.No,I havеn'tinishеd | - hаvеn'tound
whаt was oоkingor.,
Сomp|etееntеnсе of еасhpаirwith hе сorrесtormofthеvеrb. hеn omp|еtееntеnсе so t has hеsаmе
mеaning ssеntеnсе.1 a lt 's gеs inсе boughi; сi l раir f rаinеrs.:,.b I hвvpn't вuyht ilе,..-. ",''.'frаinеrsor аgез
2 а |t,s |ongimе inсе... tо hе inеma. :b Wе 1o hе ir lг: '
3 a It.s vеr Уеаr inсе ,r ,. a holrdai
babab
ab
It 's ours inсе е ..Wе anythlngoеаt ,It 's boutwomоnthsinсе -|-аhаirсul-
It,s еаr|уfortnightinсе usаl
. ' - .а l- l -tаtе
Susаn-mе-,,,
Proьon|Porfoс|wihhwhen,f, ar unti5 UndеrIinеhесorrесt ord o сomplеtе aсh епtеnсе.
1 Whеn/Untilou'vеinishеdlaуinghе .'^.]-.,. .J. ' .:сanlhаvеago?I'm ot еndingou nymorеmonеy у|lсr,, ' . , . -- еpаidmеbасk hеmonеу oU Wеmе.|'mnotgoing nуwhеref/unti lou,vео|d .. ... ...,.hlf/Whеnou,vе|rеadуееn hе i|m, е l$О ... ::-
somеthinglsе.Until/Whеnou,vеаkеn hеphоto,ouId.оL, .- .. .саmеrа асk o mе?l'| l ing ob f/unt i lyou,vеinishеd singhер[с
34
4
67
I
pаst impIe rеgularpаstpartiсiplеs
irrеgular аstpartiсiplеs
wаь/wor* bcen
?сeьen|.orfoс| implоandсontinuous6 Rеwritеhе sentеnсеso hе mеaningsthе samе.
,l It 's bout womonthsinсе stаrtеdtudyingphotogrаphy.I,vе ееn tudуing hвtogrвptзувr twomonthэ'
2 Mаndу oughthatoсsisСDуеstеrdауshеhаsn
stoppеd|ауingtMаndy аsn't ...3 Whеn idуоubuу hosеrаinеrs?
How ong...4 Тhе ast ime sаwmуgrаndparеntsаs tСhristпlаs.
I hаvеn,t..5 Ross аsn'tееn асhе|orа long imе.
It 's еen ...6 |t's оurs inсе аrrivеd t hе аfё nd 4oniсаt i||
hаsn't rrivеd.I'vе ееnwаit ing..
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Reading7 кеad hе ехtаndmatсh еntеnсеs-d with
parаgrаphs_4.
Тhеphotographsаn llustrate
eitheran invеntеd toryor a doсumentаry'o
сrеatea photo-storyhе first stер s to write thе
outlinе, briefdеsсription f your dеаs or thе
doсumentary,r the plotof yourstory.
An еpiс alеwith а сastof
thousands ill bеvеryеxpensivеo set up.Asimple tory et n yourownnеighbourhoodnd
usinga few friendsсan bе vеry effeсtive.
Ifyouarеplanningo shoщ
for example, сraftsman t work, pend omе
time indingoutwhat hatpеrson,sypiсa ay s
likе.Altеrnatively,ou mightwant o photograph
a variety f people, or еxamplе our riеnds r
nеighbours,n thеirhousеso showhow different
thеyare.
Makе ure hаtyou have omе
сlose-up, еtаilеd hots ndsomebroаdеrpiсturеso givеvariеty. on'tworry f youсan't
drawvеrywеll,youonlyneеdan ideаof thе
сontеnt f eaсhphotograph.nсеyou'vеdonе
thе storyboard,ou're eаdy o tаke hе piсtures.
Еinally'when hе piсtures аvеbееndеvеloped,
stiсk hеm ntoyouralbum,аndwritеyourstory.
аb
Fоra doсumеntаrу,o somе еseаrсhеforеoU tаrt.Dоn'tmakеhep|ot nd еttingfyour torуooсоmpIiсatеd.An ntеrеstingrоjесtоranаmаtеurhotographеrs oсrеаtеhеkind f phоtostor iеshat rеpорulаrnmаgаzinеs.Nеxt, |аn our torуbоаrd,ndskеtсhhеpiсturesou
wiIl аkе.
Listening8 Q,., vouarеgoing o hеar ourspеakеrsаlking bоut
imаgе. есidеwhiсh peaker _4еxprеssеstаtеmеntsа_е.one stаtеmеntoеsnot it anyspеakеrSpеakеr ПSpеаkеr ПSоеаkеr П
Sоеаkеr П
A friеnd'sеrsоnа|itys morеmportanthan hеirappеаraсе.0n|y ttrасtivееop|еаnmаkе riеnds.|fyоuhаven't otquа|ifiсаtionsouwon,t еtа jоb
A good еrsona|ityаnhеlp еt ou ob.Appеaranсеs mоrе mportаnthan xаm еsuIts.
Writing9 writеa short rtiсle boutattitudеso appеaranсеn
yourсountry. sе hе olIowing lan o makenotes:
Introduсtiоn:Whоt mаgеs o mаgаzinеs ndаdvеrtismеntsortrау?Whаt our iеndshink
3 Your еrsonaIpinion
Т
:=:,'
:i,
bсde
4 Сonс|usiоn
Ф
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Varbsаnd propositions1 (ompletе entеnсes_5withonеof thesе еrbs nda
suitаbIе reposition.Ф attraсtФ сreatе* еvoIvе" protесt providе,I Wеarеplеasedo bеab|е o - уou |ight
rеfrеshmеntsftеr hеmееting.2 What irst уoU thispart f thесountry?3 Тhis nusuаlutfit аs a we|l-knоwn
fashion ousе.4 P|еаsе еаr hеsе аrkg|assеso - yoursеlf
thеsun's аys.5 Тhеу aу hаt uman еings аpе-|ike
сrеаTuеs .
2 Matсh hе sеntеnсe еginnings-4 to theprepositionsbеIow. hеn omplеtehеsеntеnсesithеndings _d.
Ф аgainst by * to * with
Тhеpеrfumеk onewas rеatеdТhе udiеnсе еrе rovidеd|\4anyeop|еrеаttrасtеdТhе еsignеrеfеndedimsе|f
a thеg|amorousmаgе f he iIm ndustry.b сritiсismhathisсlothеsWеrеooеxpеnsivе.с thеdеsignеra|vin lеin.
d а programmеf hе аshionhow.Nagativо Pr9fix953 СompIetehе sеntеnсеs ith he negаtivеormof thеse
adjесtivеs. sе hе prеfixеs n-, n-, m., r-,dis-or il-.
о аttrасtive сIеar еXpеnsivе |еgaI* mature organisеd possiblе responsiblе
1 Thеphotographasblurrеdnd . We ouldn'tsееwhowаs n t.
2 |t's to bесоmе supеrmodеIn|еssou'rе еrУgood ooking.
3 l don't pеndots f monеу n с|othеs.usual|уuуthings hiсh rе4 lt sVery tо |еavеhе hi|drenitnout
supеrvisioneаr hеpool.5 Thе oungmanhad rаthеr sсаr n his hееk.6 Тhе onсеrt аs оmp|еtе|y. Nobody nеw
whereo buу iсkеtsor t.7 Somеmode|srе oo to rеa|isеhе isks
assoсiаtеdithworkingn hе аshionndustrу.8 ln Еng|аndt's tоdrivе сar Iуou,rеndеr 7.
ЦJord uilding4 Соmp|еtеhе еxtWith he сorrесtormof thе words n
braсkеts.Imаgеs mpоrtаntnmost rofеssions,ut omеobs utnlоrе пlрhаsisn1- (аppеaфhаn thеrs. obodуknoirshismorе hаn odiе е||еr,akе-uprIisIforoguеmagаziе,. l\4уwоrk nt,о|ts ot,еringp inу - (imperfесt)swеIl sсоmplеtеir, 'ransfоrmingасеs,,хp|аinsodiе.
For
me hеЗ- iаttrасt f hе ob s ts onstаnt-(vаrу)еасh hotо hооt rеsеntsnеW hа|lеngе.t anbеdemаndingt imеs, ut hе tуli stsrе еrу -(hе|p)andhеmodеIssuа|lуаt iеnt.hеwоrk do svеrу6- (сrеаtе)nd 'vеmаde p7
-(сount)асеs. ||
inаIl t 's 8- (wondеr)arееrl
5 (omplеte he sentеnсеs ith he сorrесt ormof thewords n brасkets.1 | hаd o аkе |оt f (photograph)quipmеnt
withmе o hе аshiоnhoоt.2 Nаdiа as n|y 5 whеn hе othеr irstmodе|ling
(сontrасt).З Jеnna ot lotof - (sаt isfy)fromеrwork sаn
а сhtесt.4 WhаtwаsSеаn's (reасt)o thеgood еws?5 Тhеmodе||ing (аssign)аs оr hrее aуs n a
bеасhn thеСаribbean.6 Тhе i|mwаs hugе (сommеrсе)uссеss.t
brokе lIbox-offiсеесords.
Phrаsal verb6
6 CompIеtеentenсеs1-7with hе сorrесtormof thesephrasal erbs.
* С?l.ГУn " drop utof * fa|| ehind ith u fа|| vеre $oonabout* gooutwith * livе p o
1 Jеssiсaесidеd сo||еgеnd rаveIoundhеwor|dоrа yеаr.
2 ТhеnеWspаpersIаimеdhаt hе upеrmodе| afamous сtor.
3 Thе th|еteаi|еd his еoutаtions hеworId,sbеst pri tеr.
4 Аmуdidn't njoyhе се-skatingrip. hе thrееtimеs.
5 Mаtt sоbsеssеdithhisnеwmotorbikе.есаnit orhours.
6 Grеg workingnti|midnight.ehаdan еXаmthе next ау.
7 tхАarkоokon too many аrt-timеobs оpаy or his
сo||еgеrainingnd oon his tudiеssa rеsu|t.
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жЖ&ffiffi%#ff ЖЖt,&t
А briеfhistoryThе troublеdhistoryоf ]rеlandbеgаnwith thе British nvаsionin thе twеlfthсentury. he Еnglishbесаmеmorе pоwеrfulаndinfluеntiаl n thе сountry,аnd а long historyof сoлf]iсtеnsued. n thе fifteеnth еntury,whеn Нелry VIJJ brokе аwayfrom thе Popе аnd Саtholiсism, е took сontrol оf сhurсhprоpеrty n ]rе]аnd. elаtionships еtwееnCаtholiсs ndProtеstаntsn ]relаndbесаmеdiffiсultаnd rеmаinеd о, withCatho]iсs enied hе rights hаtPrоtеstаnts n;oyed.rishСаtho]iсs upportеd ny аttеmpts o rе-еstаblish Саtholiсking
Look t hеmаpof IrеIandndanswеrhеquestions.
1 Whаtmаgеsf rеlandUrroundt?2 How UСсеsSfU|rе hе mаgеsn е|l ingеop|е hat
klnd f сountrуt s?
Rеad hе wo еxts bout hеRepubIiс f lre|аnd ndanswеrhе quеstions.
Теxt1 Whеn idBrit ishuIe еginn rеland?2 What аrt idHеnrу ||| lаyn hеAng|o-|гishonfl iсt?3 Whеn id rе|аndесomеnоwn s hеRеpubIiсf
Irе|аd?Iеxt1 Whо ashе|pеdo сhаngehе mаgе f Irе|аnd
intеrnationa|y?2 Who snowbеginningo disсovеrrеIand?3 What ind f сity s пub|inz4 Whеrе an oU ind hе rе|аndou еe n iIms?
on thе throneof Еnglаnd.АlI thеsееvеnts еd to сonfliсtsbеtwееnСаtholiсs nd Protеstаnts а situаtionwhiсh hаs
сontinuеdup tо thе рresentday n Northerл rеlаnd.]n l92l, ]relаndwаs dividеd iлto wo pаrts аnd Northеrn
]rеlаnd еmаinеd аrt of thе Unitеd Кingdom,whilе thе rеst o{thе slаndЬесаmе hе first ]rish Freе Stаtе, аtеrЕirе (in l937)'аnd finаlly hе Rеpubliсof ]relаnd n l949.
А wеlсоming magе]rеlаnd s no lоngеr hе poorеstсountry n Еuropе.Today it,sсool to bе ]rishаnd, hаnks o Thе Сorrs,Bоyzonе,.\y'еstlifеaлd |J2, mаgеsof ]rеlаnd rе ЛoWwеll known n populаrсulturеасross hе globе.Todаy,s rе]аnd s а mоdеrn,progrеssivе uropеаnnаtioлwhоsе есonomy s booming.Bu t
it is not oniy rish еyсs hаtаrе smiling аs morе аnd moretouristsdisсovеr relаnd or thеmsе]vеs.
Dublin s undоubtеdlyhe spiritualаnd сulturalhеаrt of thеЕmеrаld slе.Thе сity s riсh in histоry, rоm thе dаyswhеnСеltiс ribеswалderеd he pеаt bogs tо thе prеsеnt-dayrendybаrs аnd night сlubs'Е]sеwhеrе,he сitiеsof Соrk, Gаlwаy ndLimеriсk boаst hеir own сhаrms.Bцt it is out in thе roll ingсоuntrysidе hаt you саn find thе dylliс ]rеlаndof the moviеs.
Tаlking bout ourсountry
Answеr hеsе uеstionsbout ourсountrу.1 How oеs hеhistoryf hеRepubIiсf Irеland
сompare ith hаt fyour wn ountry?2 Whаt inds f hings ffесthеесonomiсituat ion
whеrе ou ivе?3 Howmаny ig it iеs rе hеrеnyour oUntrу?4 Whаtmаgе oуou hink еоp|еn hе еst f hе
worId аve fyour ountry?5 Whаt ourist ttrасtionsould oU есommеndo а
visitoroуour оuntry?
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arаppitтessDisсusshеsе uеstions.. Сanwе еаl|vеаrnobеhаppy? hy/Whyоt?о Whаt inds f hings аkе ou ееlhаppy?
Rеad ndсomp|еtеhequеstionnаirеn happinеss.hen aywhаtyou hink hе sсores how bout ourattitudеo Iifе.
А group f Аmеriсan syсhiatristsэе|ievеshat appinеssanbe |еarnеd,raсtisedandappliеdo anysituat ion.ivе yoursеIfsсore/na sсale f 1.1 , orеaсhоuеst ion.
Аs you go through hе day,do you aсtiveIy im to be as happyas possiblе?Do you takе еsponsibiI itуor your Iifе?Do you makеa pointof doingonе thingwhiсh makеs ou happyeaсh day?Do you work through rolэ|emsnd gainknow|edgеrom hеm?Do you givewithoutwanting nythin8 n rеturn?Аrе уou honеstwith voursеIf nd othеrs?
,Е'..y "-"g l promisе ysеlf,mgоing. 11:i91"^:d"".i.
jo"'n,..'u..er if my f|аtmatе аs usеd all thе ho t
*ut"r., u train s сanсеlIеd, r l havе a problemat WorK.
й;;.";"; happеns,happеns. just еt the negative hings
*o unа .г'inкof the things hаtmаkemе fееlgood, ikе the
йuu .v flаtmatе аn аIwаysmаkеmе lаUgn.
Тhе intеntion o Lt е
сan havе' Withoutbad things n l ifе.
happy is thе most powеrfu| ool you
it, i i,sЪasу o bе ovеrwhelmеdby the
iiТlТiЁ":fli#й;ты";;s*ffil:,#;у.Т.:ff o*'P,J:
l,. i й;:' ;; ;hat thu htgoroursеlves
"й."',-Ъl;
tvеryonе аimеddownаnd we
@t,s mportant o hаve сontrol over your own lifе, rather*1 "Т:Ё,J#::";"ffi;:у,ш.ll";"xi],j
Reading
r/ Mаtсhing
.J Тhеwordsn hеquеstiоnSауnotbе hе аmе s hosеin hе еxt. еаd асh аragrаphаrеfu||уndundеrIinеthе nformаtionhаt ivеsоu hе orrесtПSWеr.
З Read hе exts nd answеrhеquеstions'
Whiсh еrsоnn hе аsе tudiеs.1 сou|dn'tompеteith omеоnеhеу оvеd?2 dесidеdoаdopt morе du|t pproасho hings?3 didn'tWanto асе p o hе ruth?4 rеfusеdо аkе аrt nsomеthing?5 nеvеr ad sing|еrееmomеnt?6 isnotbotherеdy hеdiff iсuIt iеsf еvеrуdаyifе?
Whiсh сt ion |аn uggеstshаt ou:7 shouldn'tut hеb|аmеn othеr еople?B shouIdhаngе diff iсu|tituаtionnto ne hаt еaсhеs
уou omеthing?
9 shouldmаkе dесisionot o bеаffесtеdу henеgаtivеidе f ifе?10 should еgеnеrousutnotеxpесtny еward?11 shоuIdeаb|еo admit ow ou ее|?,l2 shouldn'tutоffdoing hingsouwant odo?
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l -. ..: i I ovеwork, ast ar lfеlt .... i l irasdrowning.
. - -i*"ntty ushing round lаk;rs urе'еvеrуthing
ran
-. .- l, ,.Тhеn startеdrainingоr а nlarathon,nd l
. .+cho' 'vmuсh nеесjесl опlе iпlе o mуself. dесidеd
- э сlеfinitely eеp runnln:'. t чir 'еsmе a сhanсе to
. ::е аnd thinkalэoutmr,sеl;о: a сhаnge.,
thеr,do things they еnjoy.Тhеу
\еithеr shouldyou.
Voсa u aryЕxprosэing eet.ingь4 ln pairs, isсusshеmеaningsf thеphrаsеsn tа|iсs.
Тhеn omplеtеhе sеntеnсеssing ourownwords.1 Pеop|еrе omеtimеsothonеst ith hеmselvеsbout ..2 Pеoo|е fIenеsеnthе асt hаt ..
3 Itdоеsn't attеromе bothеr е f4 I somеtims osеmу еmpеr hеn ..5 | neverееloverwhеlmеdу ...6 Iam somеtimеsorrifiеdу '.
Ц|ords hatgo togethar5 кеad he еxts nd сomp|еtеhe phrasеs itha suitаble
vеrb.l to2Io3to4to5to6to7Io8to
any ourown
if wеаrе аrеfuIot omаkе nу
i
.r
i:
.l.
- .::.. ' pеople makе surе. rrаit orneхt еаr.
:.€r€ had a grеat еlаtionship ith my mother, o lwas.' . =d r,hen hе movеd ntomy f|at or a whi|е.Wе startеd.- -. immеdiatеIy.hеn lreal ised lwas lэehavins ikеa
s] \\,e at down and talkеdabout thе past orihu fi,,t.. : lot of еmotiona| hingswеre saidbut t reallyс|еarеd
:..
\оrv We сan getalong.,
mе |augn
а сonsсious есis ionсontroI Vеr
dеfеnsivеsmoothlуthе аlrwrong.s go Wrong/you сan turn thе problеm into an_-l;tr '. Еven sеrious problеms саn lэе turnеd into.. .q mеaningfuIf you arеprеpared o lеarn rom hеm.
p еssuisеd
6 Nowсomp|еteеntеnсеs_7with hе сorreсtormof thеphrasesn 5 abovе.1 Pеoplе ftеn whеn hеу rе skеdo1ustifyhеir
асt lons.2 Dаvid |ast ееk owork аrdеr ndpаss is
еXams.Doyou eal|уhinkwеdеstl у?Еvеrуthingi l|-mistаеs .
)6
Don't orrу f hings I,| l е hеrеo hе|p ou.Plеаsеon,t а|l hеwork ouhavе o do. ust oit whеn ou ееI ouhаvеhе imеPаt nd imhаd nаrgumеnttwork ut grееdo havеа drink ogеthеrust o '
Сhoosе nе of thе statеmentsеIow ndsaywhyyouаgrее/disagrееith t.. |\4oneуаn'l uуhаppinеss.. HаppinеsssnoIаughing аttеr.. Тhеhаppinеssf soсiеtуs hееndofgovеrnmеnt'
- ..si started oing out with my girlfriend,Wе Wеre
. :., ng prеsentsor eaсh othеr. he prob|emwas that
. . -...,.Ь morе money than me so her prеsеntsWеrе
. .=. lеlt prеssurisеdo buy somеthing'o{qualvaluе. ]:] Ljl] еalIу еsеntingt.Еvеntua||y,Jostmy tеmpеr
. -еr that i had to siop.We stil l eхсhangеgiftsbu t
.... l пr mоre |ikеlу o spoi|hеr with a home-сookеd
@. :ir,е o othеrs, o you alwayse-xpeсtomеthingn
- .оl.lgivе оpenly,honеst|y nd from the heart, ou. .- l ikеly o bе happy.
. nарp\/n a rеlationship ith a gir l fr iend aсJ had. .^< ]mе. kеpt е|l ingmyself hing:s ould improveаs shе got а bеtter ob, or *Ъ ,p"nt morе time
' -. .j::I-Tea,long timе to tэеhonеstwith mysеlf--, -ееlln85tor her. ,d prеtendеd hat wе werе thе
-.- 'Diе f: ' j9o long.Brеaking p Was ealLy ardbut.. . - l 'gе rеIiеf.,
. .=i lr,ith),oursеlf s a vitаl step on the road to.... f.еtеndin8you arе happywhen you,." not only: -. l]епrs.
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Gеrunds nd infinit ives
lQuiсl<quiz
1 Rеad еntеnсеs-3 and dесidе f thеgеrundn itаliсs:a is he ubjeсtf hе entеnсе.b is hеobjесt f а sеntеnсе.с сomеs ftеr prеposition.
,l |'mquitе оod t running.2 Runnings vеrygoodеxеrсisе.3 l еnjoy unning.
2 Сorrесthe mistakеsn these еntеnсеs.nе sеntenсе
is сorrесt.1 Didyouenjoу ogo o thесinеmааstnight?2 |\/уаthеrs ryingogivе p o smokе.3 I'm оokingorwardogoing n ho|idаyothеStаtеs.4 Hаvе ou inishеdo еаtyourdinnеr?
Doyouеnjoy oing o sсhooI? еsсribе hаtуouсonsidеrto bе а typiсal oodor baddayat sсhooI.
Оq|z,lYouarеgoing o hear omеonеalking boutwhat s happeningn somе сhooIs owadays.istеn nd
сompIеtеhe notеs.
oгigin { he doa i iniroduсingl into оsьonь
шa1 t2
ьuгpгisodo7
,L
ii 5tud9nt5 аn .
сhaосeьI5 aro groaler,
hоloь сonсantгаtion,
holpь otteг,-
Vэrbs follouedb1 gэrundsor infinilivea5 Put heverbs n the сorreсt oIumn, ссordingo whеther
thеyare oIlowed y а gеrund r аn nfinitive.
аfford аgrее arrаngе аvoid саn't tаnd сonsidеrdесidе dеny еnjoy fаnсy finish givе p hеIphopе imаginе manаgе (don,t) ind missprасtisе promisе putоff rеfusе risk want
Цnitоd tates:
Еffocl o| thiэ on lcэьonо:
?oaс|ionьof visilorв:
/.onсluaion:
Сomplete entеnсеs _6With he сorrесt ormof thе vеrbin braсkets.
1 Weсan,t fford a nеwТV. buy)2 | don'tmind- grаmmаrut somеtimеsind tdiffiсu|t.study)
3 Dоyou anсy- out onight?go)4 Thе еaсhеrеfusеd uswhеn hе еstwas. tеl|)5 Mybrothеrаs ivеn p- (smokе).6 |\4аrtinrrаngеdo a biсyс|е.bоrrow)
GerunАьaf|or prepositions7 СompIеtehе sеntenсesn yourownwords sing neof
thesе repositionsnda gerund.
',, n,,
ofi,
on,i
to.
with.I Nobodyn my аmi|уs ntеrеstеd..2 I'm irеd ..3 СhiIdrеnеt orеd...4 Marуs еdup ...5 N4уriеndsnd аrе еry ееn ..6 We rе || oоkingorwаrd..7 |fyouwork ard,'m urе ou,|Iuссееd..8 Wе ou|dеnt vidеo nstеad..
Ь сhangon meaning
8 some erbs hangen mеаning hen olIowed y аgerund r an infinitive.ookаt thеexampIеsndanswerthequestions.
rеmеmbеrWhiсh f hе еntenсеsе|ow еans:a уoU emеmbеromethingаppеning?b youdidn'torgеtodosomеthingoup|annеdodo?
I ramamber honingMаriа.l ramomberedo phoneMаriа.
nеedWhiсh f hе еntеnсеsе|ow еans:a it s nесеssаryhat omеthingsdonе?
b it snесеssаrуormе o do something?I need to ьoo tho doсtor.Му hаir needs сutting.
rеgrеrWhiсh f hе еntеnсesе|ow еans:a l 'm orrУ bout hаt did?b |'m orry bout hаt аmgoingo е|| оu?
I regrot to sау thаt l hаvan,tdone tho worK.l regrat eplitting uP withmу boуfriond.
UУWhiсh f hе еntеnсеsе|ow еans:
a l triеd o do somеthingiffiсu|tutwasunsuссеssfuI?b I attеmptеdo do sоmеthingo sееwhаtwou|d аppеn?l triod to opan ha window ut it wавstuсK.lt wаs эo hot in the room. I tried oponing hawindow ut it didn't help.
Verbs IwаysolIowеdby а gеrund
Verbs IwаysoIlowеdby аn nfinitivе
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i - ".-r,:i . l t init ivas
-: --5'Ёrf iпit ir.еs:
.: .. - ]l nlеПtlon r pu posе-^. : э iou buу thаt diсtionаrу?
-i . l;;. ne with mу Еngl ish.' . : :, ,]s.OПWord n аn indirесt uestion:
":: :nоu|d sау?' 'Tel l me whаt aвd '."; : .:l оf а vеrb.
... " ьh1t to do.,
.: * р еtе hеse entеnсеs singаn infinit ivе nd any
.":.r nесеssаrу ords. ou may need o сhаngе hе
' : ' js in the sеntenсe.
Еlапplе
'.r i: сdn I buу а r*dio?,i ': ' ' doeэn,tKnow whоre to buу а rаdio.
' rаlI аsk orwhеn е|еphonе?'аlts to know
l ng о tа|y еХt ummеr.'.аsdесidеdэiаv hеss.'.аs |еаrnе0"lsеdо bеаb|е o сountnJapanеsе.'.аn.t еmеmbеrs hеway ou еnd nеmаil. '
'., d Pеtеr.t shou|dgо orhе|p?,t knоw
lnsomеAmеriсansсhools, laughtеrisbеingtakensеriously
as a mесhanism or inсrеasingmotivationand 1-
bеttеr studеnt/ tеaсhеr relationships.Sсhoolsare using
Iaughter2 ,==-thе resultsof thеir students.Thе
findingsof rесеntrеsearсh nto how studеnts еarn has
helpеd з-еduсation
еxperts hat humour is a good
thing.Aссording o Dr 5аm Barnes,a leadingеduсation
еxpеrt: Laughtеr ovеsсrowds,and сrowdsIovе aughter.
Whilе thе personaladvаntages fa
==--funat sсhool
are obvious, he еduсationalbеnеfitshavе not been
rесognisеd.Studеntshavеto work hаrd a|l the timе and
5-a
studеnt an bе еxtremelyеdious.
But now they look forward to 6 ---.----_--o sсhool. Тhey
еnioy 7 in an atmosphere ike this and Wеare
g"i.ing bеtter rеsults n еxaminations.'
onthе othеrhand,humourhas o be handled
сarе{ully.Whatonе pеrsonsееsa5a oke, anothеr may find
of{ensive nd еmbarrassing.t's not simply a questiono{
8-teсhniques
from othеr сountriеs: dеas havеto
bе adaptedto fit рartiсuIarsituations.
;ii
ti
"
ii
. .:: -.;оn5 ьsd uith g9гund6
' . ' :-:ss nswithrсаn еusеd ith еrunds.;::р i65
.. . .' .ееitlg,. ,',оrrуingbout hеехоm.
-:mр|еtе еntеnсеs_5with heсorrесtormof onеof..sе rеrbs.
' . rоmplаin hаvе tUrn wаtсh- . :-.nt lеss оn hе еlеvision.t sn'tworking.. ; rluisаnсе to сус|еo sсhoo|'spесiа||уhеn] "l П Пg.
: . ] L]5е mе or аkе,shonе umbеr.'vе ost- ' : ldrеss ook.. . э gоod if nobodуsgoingo |istеn.
. . ..,гth thе ilm fyou njoу сiеnсеiсt ion
Lеt'saсtivateLiKes and dlsliкоe
Think bout hrее hings ou ikе r ovе oi ng nd hrееthings oudon't ikе or hаtеdoing.Write Iist f thesеon a piесе f papermixing pyour ikеs nddisIikеs.npairs, xсhangeour ists ndаskquеstionso find outabout ourpartnеr'sikes nd disIikеs.
Thоright vrordСompIetеhе extusing gеrund r an nfinitivеormofthеwordsbеlow.
bе Сopу еnсouragе havе go improvеpеrsuаdе studу
.:.......1:t'-..,.t1.,,.,,rtt"""'''.....,at":':".-...,,:::""""a1t::::ttl:""'
*Ф&Фs*
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Dеsсribendnamе heсitiеs n thepiсturеs. hiсh fthеsе itieswouId ou ike o visit?Whyz
Read hе stаtеmеntsnd deсidеwhiсh itvor сitiеs асhonе dеsсribеs.' l Thеrе rеoVеr 00 hеatrеsеrе.2 Тhе ity opuIationsmorе han ivеmi||ion.
3 Thе ity ies n hеbаnks fа rivеr.4 Тhis sа сapitа|ity.5 Thеrеsan s|andn hеmidd|еf ts ivеr.6 lt s nеar omе amous аthinяеасhеs.
Eхаtlttга'.t,'-',gt
Truе r aIsе uеstionsYoumay hink Statеmеnts ruе есаusеt сontainsphrasеsrom hе еХt. Ut,fyou istеnarеful|y,oUmауfind t doеs othаvе hе аmеmеаninяs hе еxt.
4 сC6Jz.зYouarеgoing o hеаrTomTurnеr, n AustrаIian,talking bout isnеw ifе n Paris. irst ' еad hroughstatеmеnts_6.Тhеn isten nd deсidеwhеthеrhеstatеmеntsrе ruе T) r false F) .1 П Tomnееdеdpесiа|rаiningo bеа pеrfumеr.2 П Тombеgan isnеW arееrn Pаris.З П Hе oundhе аnguаgеiff iсu|tt irst.4 П Hеprеfеrsо еII еop|ее,s renсh.5 П Tоm sа non-smokеr.6 П Тom's riginа| ontraсtаs orа fixеd imе.
5 Inpairs,аkе urns o askandanswеrhesе uеstionsnHаdIеy rееman nd TomТurnеr.When ouhavеfinishеd,ompаrе ouranswеrso thosе f anothеr аir.Had|еy rееman'l Whеn oUmoVеоаnothеrоuntry,hаt oyouhаvеo
gеtusеd o?2 How id Hadleуry o bесomе orеikе hеЕng|ish?3 How idHadIеy'sistеropеwithmovingo аnothеr
сou trу?4 How оеsHаd|еyее| bout еr dеntityow?
ТomТurnеr] How idТom еthis ob n Pаris?
2 Whаt аs ifе ikеn hе irst ixmonths еspеnthеrе?3 Whаt oеs еnоt ikе omuсh bout аr is?4 Whу аs еdесidеdo stаy hеre?
Listening
3 66.|z.z ouаrеgoing o hеarHad|еy rеeman,nAmеriсan,a|king boutmovingrom NewYork oLondon. isten nd number ommеnts _е n thеоrdеrin whiсh ou hеar hеm l_5.
а П When wеnt o |ivеn Frаnсe,bеganohаvеmorесonfidеnсеn mуsе|f.
b П l сhoseo study subjесt hiсh ou|d rovеwаsrеа||yngIish.
с П Youhаvе o ассepthаtpeop|eindyour oUntryаmusing.
d П |soon eа|isеdhаt wou|d avеo bе hе amе sеVеryonе|sе.
е П I oundt diff iсultoget idof mуАmеriсanссent.
.:/ ordеringnformаtion
J Bеforеоu istеn,еad hroughhе tatеmеntsarеfuI|уso hаt ou nowwhаt ind f nformаtionou rеIistеningor. еmеmbеr,hеwords ouhеarmight еdiffеrеntrom hosе n thеstatеmеnts.
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5pеaking6 ,53:. ln grоups. isсtlss шеstiоns _5 bеlow.Usе hе
:. оEuеboх o hеlp оl-l .. *-. ', . . .--.,l . . . . , . . . . ,--..С iоurfаmiIуwеntto|ivе
- .;.. i| lЁ. .-.,-... ., s..П timе/pеrmаnеnt|y?
-.з. i\]'] []":., -- s-. € . lаppyto eаvе еhind?Why?
: .з-.
ir l .JD--.jа],.-Iаgеsmightуouhаvе n yournеW
-- .- i 'r l, .z.-jokеsсо rоu thinkpеop|еmightmаkеаbout our
-. ' i rr '? \hr?1 - - i lеоplе n уourсountrу аvе tеrеotypiсaImagеs f
' .:r соuntriеs? hat rе hеy?
:t;lтеssingwo pointsof view
' , u hink оuand our аmi|y i|| Vеr oаnd ivе- ;-othеr ountrу?. , ontheonеhаnd t might еpossib|е,uton thе
:thеr аnd,t 's nIikе|y.hаt bout оu?a сoursе,'d ike o think t might аppеn, ut ,m\at surе it еvеrwi||. hеre'sodoubt hat t wouId.. ..еrеst ing,butit might equitе iff iсuIt,oo.
* l .;ь-baьoddisсusэion
] ;гшsshеsе uestions.. ' . . а е hеpеop|еn hеpiсtuеs oing?
- -:. imagеsfg|obaIisаt iono heу how?. - :. dо hеhеаdIinеsuggestoуou?
] ... саnbеdonе o he|p еvе|opingountr iеs- ' .. dаvs?
5 Soundbites -:=0nо Viaion
8 d),' Listеn o one Visionby Queеnand сompletethеwords.
0nеmаnonеgoa| nеmission,0nеhеаrt nе ouIust nе.0nе lash f Iighteаh nеgod nе ision.
Оnе leshonеbonе,onе ruе еligion,Оnеvoiсе nеhope, ne lеаr есisionWowowowoimmе nеvision.
Nowrong o ight,| 'm onnaе|| ou hеrе,sobIaсkndnowhitе,Nob|ood ostаin,А||wеnееdsonе onе |s|on
Оnе lеshonеbonеonе ruе еligion,Оnе асе nеhopе nе lеаr есision
Wowowowoеаhwoуеоhwoуеаh
I had drеam,Whеn Was oung,А drеam f swееtIIusion,А glimpsеf hopе ndunity,And isionsIonе wееl nion,Butaз-blows,Andа,-fаIls,And n mуhеаrtt shows,Look hаt hеy,vеonе o mydrеam.
0nеvision ogivеmеуour аnds,Givеmеyour- ,Thеrе'snly nеdirесt ion,Oneworld nеnаtiоn,еаh nе isionNо hatе o ight,ust xсitаt ion,A|| hroughhеnight,t 's u
Wowowowoеаh
Оnеtеshonеbonеonе ruе еligion,Оnе oiсе nеhopе nе leаr есisiongimmе nеnight imme nеhеаrtjustgimmе immе imme nе ision
9 Answеrhеquestions.1 Whаt ind f visions hеgroup ingingbout?2 Whаt rеаm id hе еаd ingеr avе hеn е
was oung?3 Whаt appеnеdohisdrеаm?4 How еаlisti сoyou hink his is ion f hеworld
might е?
i;it
{
;
?
*: "CIVеmentnsЕ. ca dof ivingr -; toworldrade
Chеap food -who pays?
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*sry
-'a=T;
ъ.?,;#.
'} Look t thеpiсturеsndаnswеrhequеstions.
1 Whаt е|еbrаtionsrе аking |асе?2 How opеop|ее|еbrаtеhеsе ссasiоnsnУoUr
сou try?3 ln Britаin, hеnwopеоp|ееtmаrriеd,hеy ftеn
се|еbrаtееforеhеwеdding ith .hеn,(аll irIs)r.stаg'(a|| oуs)аrtу.s his ommоnnуоur ountry?
Stшdyinghе sampleUndоrstandingha asКЭ Rеad hе еxtandput he nformаtion_f n thесorreсt
ordеr.gnorеhеgаps.а П Тhеprob|еmshе riеnds аdаftеrhеv'dound
саmps|теП Whаthе riеnds idbеforеoingos|ееpП Whаt ind f nighthеy pеntn hе еntП How hе riеndsеlt bouthеhеnpаrtyП Whаthе riendsmаginеdhеhеnpаrtу ouId е
IikеП Why hе iеnds rgаnisеdhе аmping ееkеnd
Using adverbь
з Сomplеtеhe еxtbу putting nе of thеsе djесtivеsnеaсh аp1_10.
еnthusiаst iсаlIyvеntuа||уееbIy gеnt|уhurr iеdlу roniсаlIуmisеrаbIy pt imist iса|lуstеadi|уunfortunаtе|у
A€ € *##€#Юtrаflэ*t
€ " /ao*with a#эAfl*r#Ef*
Sаrah, ane, ueandIhаdbeen riеndsoryeаrs, o' whenJane nnounсedhеwasgettingmarried, . u*,uuowe wouldorganisе henpartywith'а ifferen.u. u u.,uig;oа сampingweеkendn NorthWales.We1_*_-- imagined,no.n*beautifulpot n hemountains,itсhingu, еntЬyа -flowing rivеr' ndсooking upper n a саmp ire.
2
on thedaywe eft, hеweаther hangеd. еarrivеd,tirednd rritable,ustbefore Unset n пiJuyЪu.nins. , itwasdrizzling .'--.-_-,we deс.idedhat he bestptaсe o sleepw0utd ea proper ampsite ith aсitities.
5-.-.--, wе foundoneon theedgeof a forest. freratremendoustruggle, emanagеdo put he еntUp, hеnheadedora сelebrаtory eal n thenearest ub.
Тhree ours atеr, еWere ittingn the ent, istening ---.--- to the аinbeating ownon theсanvas.Don,tyoujust ove he ound f rаin na tent?,Sarahommеntеd7 =_=_-aswe got eady o go osleeo.
Аfter neof themostunсomfortableights have ver pentin myentireife,we 8-.---._--aсked p he nеXtmorning ndmadеourwayhomе. few potsof rain an,t ampenmyspirits,'said.lane _-_ .|t,sbeen he best .lurlunyаnyoneсouldwish orJ'Тheest f ussmiled 0 unl ,uianothng.
bсdе
a.a=
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Stеps o betterwrit ing\rlritingn a suitable tlle4 Whiсh f thе oIIowing ight е nс|udedn a story?
. qUotеsrom irесt pеесh
. сo|ourfuIосаbuIarу
. hеаdings
. amUsingr ntеrеstingvеntsо impеrsonа|orms. dеsсr ipt ionsf ееlings. fоrma| xprеssiоns
5 Sсаn hе eхtand ind еxampIеsf thepoints ou iсkedin4.
Uвingg9rund66 Сomplеtehеsе еntеnсes ithа suitаbIe еrund.
1 |wаs еa||yxсitеd bouI oing o thеwеdding.
2 Wе maginеd ourmеals utofdoorsn hе
mou tains.3 Wе inishеd Up hе еnt,hеnwеnt o hе
nеarеst ub.4 WеgavеUp to сook mеaloutof doors.
UsingprosоntPar|liсiPtroьWе anoftеn ombinееntеnСеssing prеsеntart iсip|е.
EхаmplеWoваt in thepub. Wa аte hаmburgore.Wo ьаt in lhe pub, aаtinghаmburgar;.
7 Usepresеnt artiсipleso сombinееntenсes4 and
sеntenсеs_d.1 Wеdесidеdogoсаmping.2 Wеdrovеo hесampsitе.3 Wеputupour еnt.4 Wе at |osеogеthеr.
a Wе istеnеdo hе аin n hе еnt.b We аng sWеWent.с Wе houtеdnstruсtionso еасh thеr.d Wе houghtt wou|d ееxсit ing.
Using ha simplоpaьtand |ho preьentarfoсtшith
6uPerlatives8 Rеwriteentenсеsl_5using he simp|е аst, hе prеsеnt
perfесt,nd a supеrIativе.
Exаmplel ьpen|4 ver unсomforIаbl9 ight'It wав ho moзtunсomfortаble ight hаvaovar эpont'
1 I hаd vеrуong ournеу.
2 l аtе rеa|IvxpеnsivееaI.3 |sаw vеry аd oаd ссidеnt.4 I drove |ongn еxtrеmе|уumpу oаd.
5 Wеhada rеа|lуood
е|еbrаtion.
.{a: ll.llrl.:l,,
Planning9 Prepareo writea story ntitIеdAсeIebrationitha
diffеrеnсe.'есide, nd makеnotes bout:о what ind f се|еbrat iоnoU rеgoingowritе bout'
е.g. wеddin8' pаrty,n outing.о аt whаtpoint ouarеgoingo start hеstorу.o whаt nformаtionасh arаgrаphhouIdontain,.g.
thеrеаsonor hееvеnt,hееvеnttsеlf,our еасtions
to thееvеnt.. who
ouwiIl nс|udеn hе tory.
о what iсturеou ouldnс|udеf hе е|еbrat ion.
Цtritingт s Use ournotes o writеa storу 200_250 ords). xpand
yournotеsntosеntenсеsddingmoredеtails. sе hesеideaso hеIp ou'. l Your xpесtationsf hееvеnt pеrhapsоudidn't аnt
to go?).2 What appеnеdеforеhееvеnt maybеоmеthing
wеntwrong?).3 What аppеnеduringhееvеnt.Did omеthing
amusingссur?)4 How ou е|t boutt aftеrwardswаstan ntеrеsting
еxpеriеnсе?).
LhecYingt 1 (heсk hatyouhavе:
. organisеdour toryn parаgrаphs.
. inс|udеd|l hе mportantеtailsfуour torу.
. mеntionеdееlingsnd eaсtions.
. writtеnhе ight mount 200-250 ords).
Writingyoшrstory
Making ourwritingmorе nterestingTry o makе oUr toryntеrеstingor herеаdеr. akе t
amusing,urpr ising,r horrifуingусontrastingour
еxоесtationsf hееvеntwith hееvеnttsе|f.
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Gorundь nd infinitivэs1 Сomplеtеhеsеntenсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thеsе
vеrbs.* сomе drУu go* phоnе p|ау surt irе tе|l usе,l Сlаrе аntеd |\4atthеw'ut hе iпешаs
еn8аgе0.Mаria аs o praсtisе thеprеsеnt еr.fесtbесаusеhе i nds tdiffiсU|t.Thе xplorеr аnаgеd in hе Lrnglеоrmonths.
4 Niсk njoys bаskеtbаll.е's аptаinf hеsсhooIеam.
5 Whеn аskеd ouisеbоuthе есrеt.hе еfusео
6
8
Hаvе ouеvеr onsidеrеd to un VеrsIty7Amypromisеd- homе еfоrе idnight.Aftеr uе аd inishеd hеrhаir, hewеnt o hеpаrkwithhеrboyfr iеnd.
Verbв olloшed1gоrundв г infinitivоs2 СompIеtеhesе еntеnсeso hеуarе ruе oryou.Use
eithеr gеrund r an infinitivе.1 l еnjoу...2 |сan't tand ..
3 | 'm ood t. ' .4 l hatе ..5 I,d ikе. ' .6 | 'm ookingorwardо ...7 l 'm еd pwith .8 Idon'tmind ..
Pхсhangon meаning3 Сomplеtеhe sentenсеs ith heсorrесt orm gerund r
infinitive)f the word n braсkеts.1 .Didyou еmembеr- (br ing)hеbеaсhowеI?,
.No,I didn't ' ut brought уswimsuit.'2 | rеmеmbеr- (gо) n hо|idаyo Austrа|iаhеn
was сhild.
4)6
.Arеyоugoing ut onight?'
.l саn't. nееd- (rеvisе)ormуехаms.'N4y ikеnееds- (fix).tЪ ota punсturе.I rеgrеt (tеl|)rеdhеwаs n diot.I rеgret (inform)oU hаt ou'vеаilеd ourdrivingеst..Myсomputеrsn't оrkingropеr|y.,.Hаvе
уou riеd- (rеstаrt)t? ,l,vе ееn rying- (phonе)|аrеinсе ixo'с|oсk,
but hеrе'st i|| о rеply.
GorundьaftоrProPo6itiona4 Rеwritе еntenсеs_6.Usеа gerund nd hеwords ivеn.
ЕхвrnplеMаtt е||s,jokesеrywе|l 'Не rпаkеs eоplе аugh.Matt s goоdаt tollingaKaв and maкingpooplo аugh'
'1 | didn,t o о thеpartу,stаyеd t homе.lnstеаd f -
2 WhеnGrеg.passеdisеxаms, еwеnt о univеrsitу.Aftеr
3 Rасhе| as nnoуed hеn he ost еrmobilе honеRaсhеl asn,t IеаsеdbоutZoё еаd book, hеn hеWеnt obed'BеforеA|thoughе ost hеgаmе, аuI asn,tpset.Inspitе f
6 Kаrl ikеsеnnis. е's lwауs Iаyingt.Kаr| s kееn n
Other u6o6 of infinitivae
5 Rеwritеhеse entеnсеssing n nfinitivе nd makingаnyotherneсessaryhangеs.1 .Howсаn sеnd tеxtmеssаgе?'
Sеаnwantеdо knоw2 .Wе'rеgoingo||еrb|аdinghiswееkеnd.,
Wе,vе есidеd3 .I 'msееrng isаtonght.'
|'vе rrаngеd4 .t iоnahas аssеdеidr ivingеst. '
Fionа as еаrnеd5 .Whоshou|dask
l nееd o knowforhе|p?,
6 .Тhisis how ouplаy hе omputеrаmе.,
Тinа hоwеd /ark7 .Whеrесan buу n MP3p|ayеr?'
Niсkwаsn'tUrе8 .l 'mgoingoс|imbhаtmountаinl,
Lizwаs etеrminеd
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Speaking6 ln pairs, асh hoose diffеrent hotograph.esсribеhe
photograph.hinkabout hе еvеnt ndhow hepeopIеare ееIing. hеnaskуourpаrtnеr:. whеthеrhеу аvе ееn o a simi|arvеnt.. |f vеs'how hеv е|t b outt.. |f no'whеthеrheуwou|d njoyt or not ndwhу.. whУ hink еop|еo o еVеntsikе his.
Writing7 writeabouta timеyouWеnt o а fеstivaIn yourсountrу
or n another ountry. se hеsе uеstionso hеIp ou.
1 Whеrе id t akе |асе?2 Whаtwas t се|еbrаting?3 Whаt appеnеd?4 What idyоuenjоу bоutt?5 WouIdoU есommеndoingo t?
[istеning8 6),." Listеn o somеonealking bout pproaсheso
happinеssnd dесidе f thе statеmentsre ruе Т) rfа|sе t) .
1 П optimists еrform еttеrhanpеssimists.2 П |thеlpso bеhonеst ndadmitwhеn ou rеnot
fеeIingappy.Pеssimistsаkеmistаkesесаusеhеy maginеthings i l lgowrong.AmeriсansyсhoIogistsе|iеvеositrvеhinkingmakеs оuhаppy.Worrуing аkеs еop|еo badlуn ob ntеrviеws.
f+
f
3П
4П
F
-)
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oalingsСomplеtе entеnсеs_5with hеsеwords.
* bоthеrеd hоrrifiеd lost* оverwhе|mеdrеsеntеd.| ТinаWаs- by ohn,sаdbеhаviour.еwa s
arrogantnd udе.Dаvid- his еmpеr hеn аskеd im ormоrеmonеу'Linda- thе ас t hаtGilIWas еrу opular.Pаulworkеdatе vеry vеning.е е|t- bу hеamount еhad odo.
5 I'mnot еa||y- аbout pidеrs,ut аmfrightеnеdf miсе
еntenсes_7with hesеwords.Morehanoneаnswеrmаybе сorreсt.
* bесome с|еаr fеe|* go * hаvе makе€ run,l Wеhad bitof аn аrgumеntast ight ut hink t
he|pеdo- thеаir.2 Why o hings evеr еem o- smоothly?3 From imе o timе, vеrуthingееmso- Wrong.4 Doyoube|iеvеhat hеrе rееventsnour ivеs hatwе
noсontrol vеr?l think ounееd o а сonsсiousесisiono workhаrdеr.Sometimеs
-prеssurisеd
ywhаt shаppеningаrounome.|t's аsyo dеfеnsivеbout hаt ou'rе oingwhеn omеonеsсr it iсis ingou.
write he noun orms f the words -8 be|оw.
Using advoсbь4 Writе hе аdvеrb ormof thеsе djесtivеs-8, hеnmatсh
thеm o thе meаnings_h.
34
' l ironiс2 opt imist iс3 unfortunаtе4 hurriеd5 stеаdy6 еnth siastiс/ TееD|е
B gеntlе
a qu сklyb kindIynd аrеful|у
с sаrсast iса|lyd еаgеr|yr ехсitеdlуе hоpеful|уr сonfidеntIуf wеak|yr аint lуg unсhanging|уr rеgulаr lуh sаd у
СompIeteеntenсеs_Bwithonе of thе аdvеrbs ouformеd n 4.1 - |wоn't еаblе oсomе oyour аrtу n
Sаturdауftеr |l.2 . l 'dIovеogo o hе inеma,,аid аne
3 lt hаdbееn аining а|lаftеrnоon.4 .Тhеwеathеr iIl еbеttеromorrow,'аid hе hiIdrеn
.Don'tсry. t 's ot hat аd ' аidmymothеr
.Idon't ее| е|l,,аid аu|а
.Тhisisа briIl iantoIidау,sn,tt? pouring ith аinand rееzingo|d justwhаt Iikе ,аidmybrothеr
8 .Саn'tstop.'Vе ot n аppointmеntl,aid aIly
Еxprоssingшopointsof visvl
6 Сomplеtеhe diaIogue itha suitabIe ord.A Wou|douеvеr onsidеroingo work n anothеrсou try?
B l supposеn heone.l- it wоuId еаn ntеrеstingеxpеrienсе,uton hе2
- hаnd,t might еdiff iсu|t.What3-you?
A Thеrе's -doubt thаt t wou|d eа сhа||еngingthing o do,but 'mnot urе f Iwоuldwаntlеavеmуown ountryеrmаnеnt|y.-would о7
-а short imе -- l hаd nесna се.
56
1 happу2 rеsponsib|е3 know4 diffiсu|t5 honеst6 rе|iеve/ lnIеno
8 сritiсisе
сoursе,
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6),, Fathеr said, ,Wе,ll sail likе Сolumbusl,,Hе was hoping to find India,, I pointеd
out sullеnly.Wе sold thе zoo, loсk, stoсk and barrеl to a nеWсountry' a nеW lifе. Bеsidеs assuring our сollесtion of ahappy futurе, thе transaсtion would pay for immigrationand lеavе us with a good sum to makе a frеsh staгt inCanada (though noщ whеn I think about it, thе sum islaughablе _ how blindеd Wе arе by monеy). Wе сouldhavе sold our animals to Zoos in India, but Amеriсan Zooswеrе willing to pay highеr priсеs. СIТЕS, thе Сonvеntionon Intеrnational Tradе in Еndangеrеd Spесiеs, had justсomе into еffесt, and thе window on thе trading ofсapturеd wild animals had slammеd shut. Thе futurе ofzoos would now liе with othеr zoos. Тhе Pondiсhеrry Zooсlosеd shop at just thе right
timе. Thеrе was a sсramblе tobuy our animals. Тhе final buyеrs Wеrе a numbеr of zoos,mainly thе Linсoln Park Zoo in Сhiсago and thе soon-to-bе-opеn Мinnеsota Zoo, bllt odd aniЬals WеIе going toLos Angеlеs, Louisvillе, oklahoma Сity and Сinсinnati.
And two animals wеrе bеing shippеd to thе СanadaZoo. That,s how Ravi and I fеlt. Wе did not Want to go. Wеdid not want to livе in a сountгy of galе-forсе winds andminus-two-hundrеd-dеgrеe wintеrs. Сanada WaS not onthе стiсkеt map. Dеparturе was madе еasiеr _ as far asgеtting us usеd to thе idеa - by thе timе it took for all thеprе-dеparturе prеparations. It took wеll ovеr a Уear. don,tmеan for us. I mеan for thе animals. Сonsidеring thatanimals dispеnsе
with сlothеs, footwеar, linеn, furniturе,kitсhеnwarе, toilеtriеs; that nationality mеans nothing tothеm; that thеy сarе not a jot for passports, monеy,еmploymеnt pгospесts, sсhools, сost of housing,hеalthсarе faсilitiеs _ сonsidеring, in short thеir lightnеssof bеing, it,s amazing how hard it is to movе thеm'\{oving a zoo is likе moving a сity.
Thе papеrwork was сolossal. Litrеs of watеr usеd uD inrvеtting stamps. Dеar Мr. So-and-so writtеn hundrеdi oftimеs. offеrs madе. Sighs hеard. Doubts еxprеssеd.Haggling to bе gonе through. Dесisions sеnt highеr up forapprovаl. Priсеs agrееd upon. Dеals сlinсhеd. Dottеd linеssignеd. Congratulations givеn. Сеrtifiсatеs of origin
sought. Сеrtifiсatеs of hеalth sought. Еxport pеrmitssought. Import pеrmits sought. Quarantinе rеgulationsсlarifiеd. Transportation organisеd. A fortunе spеnt ontеlеphonе сalls. It,s a jokе in thе zoo businеss, a Wеaryiokе, that thе papеrwork involvеd in trading a shrеwwеighs morе than an еlеphant, that thе papеrworkinvolvеd in trading an еlеphant wеighs morе than awhalе, and that you must nеvеr try to tradе a whalе,nеvеr...
... A dеputation of three Amеriсans сamе. I was vеryсurious. I had nеvеr seеn rеal livе Amеriсans. Thеy wеrеpink, fat, friеndly, vеry сompеtеnt and swеatеd profusеly.
Thеy еxaminеd our animals. Thеy put most of thеm toslееpand thеn appliеd
stеthosсopеsiohеarts,drеwbloodin syringеsand analysеd t, fondlеd humps and bumps,tappеd ееth,blindеd еyеswith flashlights,pinсhеd skins,strokеdand pullеd hairs. Poor animals. Thеy must havеthought thеy wеrеbеing draftеd nto thе US Army. Wе gotbig smilеs from thе Amеriсans and bonе сrushйghandshakеs.
Thе rеsult was that thе animals, likе us, got thеirworking papеrs.Тhеy wеrеfuturеYankееsand wе, futurеСanuks.
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ln pairs, isсusshеse uеstions.o Dоуouagrее ith hеwritеr hеn еsayshowb|indеd
Wе rеbvmоnеv,?
. Doуou Upporthеwork f orgаnisatiо nsikеСITЕS?Whv?Whvnot?о How oеs hе mаge аvi nd hеWritеr avе f Саnada
сomparе ith ours?. Hоw ffeсtivеoуou hink hеwritеr'sеsсr ipt iоnf
thеpapеrworknvo|vеdn shippingnimа|ss?о WhаtmprеssionoеshеWritеr ivе f bеing raftеd
into hеUSArmу? ow оеs his ompаrе ithbеingdraftеdntо hеarmу nyоur ountrу?
. How oуоu hink hеwritеr ndhis аmi|у i lI еaсto
their еw ifе n Сanаda?
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Grammar1 сhoosеhе сorrесt ption, , b or с, to сomplеtеhеаrtiсlе.
From Chanel tо the Cirсrrs22-уear-o|dris аImеr оrksorGifford'sirсus.hе
,l-- thеrе orsi x
months.tmаy ееm urprising,ut wo еаrs go ris - а topmodеIorСhаnе|.oday erсirсus utfitwithа buttеrflуеsignsа fаrсry rоm hеоауswhеn he n|у - dеsignеrabе|s.
Sowhydidshе uitmodе|ling?l rеmеmbеr-- quitе еrvous hеn firststаrtеdесаusе5- whаt odo,,shеаys.Butitdidn,tаkеmе onя
bесаusеhеrеsn'tmuсh o modеlIing.оurwho|еаrееrsbаsеd n7
--уou look ikе. ftеr whi|е got еdupwith - shows.dоn'trеgrеt it upаtа|I.,
Butwhу hе irсus?.|0- intеrеstеdn pеrfоrmаnсеrts inсе wassmа||, 'еxp|аinsr is.Sowhеn omе аmi|yr iеnds1-- thе irсusasr еar,l аskedhеm f thеrе аs nуthing12--do.' Ir iswаs ivеn аriousоbsfrommеndingostumеso13
- thеаnimаls.Ididntknowwhаt o еХpест14
- |startеd,'shеdmits.Butl,vе onе omеobs hаt 'd evеr rеamеdof 15 befоrе.,
А|thоughl6-
ina tеnt, ftеn nее-dееpn mud, асkshеg|amourf hеrformеr rofеssion,r is mbrасеdеrnеw аrееr ith pеn rms.l 'vеmаdemorе riеnds еrе hаn nywhеrе|sе,,shеnsists.n асt, r is njoystsomUСhthаt hе 7-a fu||-timеаrееrn hе irсus..|18--to go oсirсusсhоo|',hе аys.. lfdidgуmnаstiсs-9hаvе |wаys аntеdodo l сouldmovеnto аnсing.hе irсuss mу ifе ow120 sо hаppу.'
а wоrkеda wаsbеinga hаswornа tobеa didn't now
a Iеаrna nowa doinga to givеa Was |Wаysа foundеda musta look ftеrаifa dоingа Iivеdа сonsidеrs
a wilI Irеadуpp|уа whiсha nеVеr аs
b isworkingb has еenb worеbbеb wasn't nowing
b |еarningb whаtb todob givеnb havе lwаys ееnb hаd oundеdb сouIdb Iookingftеrbаsb tоdоb livingb isсonsider ing
b hаvе lrеаdyppIiеdb thаtb hаvе еvеr еing
с hаs ееnworkingс Wasс iswеаringс beingс hаdn't nown
с to Iеаrnс whiсhс donес givingс аm alwаysс Wеrеоundingс maус |ookеdftеrс whеnс hаvе onес l ivес wil| onsidеrс Wаs |rеаdypp|yingс Wnaтс hаvе еver ееn
СompIеtеhesеntеnсеsith hесorrесtеnsе pаst imp|е, rеsеnt
pеrfeсt, r prеsеnt еrfесtсontinuous)f thеvеrbsnbraсkets.1 |r is- (start)ork t hе
сirсusn N4аy.t'shе irstobshе(havе)inсе hеwas
modе|.2 .Whyаrеуou аtе?
(wаit)orаgеsl,.Sorry,| (miss)hеbus.,.|
- (gо)o BudаpеstаstsUmmеr.'.Rеаllу?l - (bе/nеvефthеrе. hаt аs t ikе?'PauIwаntsoworknadvеrt is ing.е- (app|y)[or ols f obs' uthе -(not аvе) n ntеrviеwеt .Sarаh- (finish/just)tехt iIеnddеsignoursе.t
ftakе)еr woуеarsoсom Iеtе..Whаt
=- (уou/do)аst
wееkеnd?'.0nSundау|-(start)
rеvisingormyеxаms nd(rеvisе)ver inсеl'
7 ,Didуouhаvе goodhoIidаy?,
.Yеs,it- (bе) rеаt, utwe(not аvе/st i l|)hе
photosеvеlоpеd.,8 .YоuIook irеd.'
.|- (work)n myсomputеr
а|Imorning.'
(ompletе hеsе еntenсesith hесorrесtorm gerund r nfinitive)of thevеrb n braсkets.1 Whеn |аrеinishеdo||еgеhе
dесidеd (trаvе|)oundthеworld ora уеаr.
2 Bеnwаs ееn n-(bесomе)naСtor 'o hеаppIiеdfora p|aсetdrаmа сhоol.I rеgrеt (miss)hесonСеrt.vеryоnеaidhowgooditwаs.Ji|| еnt utsidе.hе ееoео
(mаkе)саlI n hеrmobilе honе.In pitе f- (fееl)l l ,ТomstiIlnsistеdngoingоsсhоo|.
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6-7
8
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1112
1з14151617
181920
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Grеg оu|dn,tfford (buу)a ar, оhеgotmotorbikеnstеad.After yеаrs, rаd inaIlуаvе p (smokе)с|gaеttеs.
8 Instеаdf (go)o hеgуm, uсу есidеdop|aytеn s.
9 .Didyou emеmbеr (phone)uу?'
.Ididn't ееd o. saw imаtsсhоo|. '10 Katе ftеnmаginеd (bе) fаshion еsignеr.t
washеrdrеаmob.
11 Suеwas еdup with (watсh)V, o shе еadmаgаzinеnstеаd.
12 Lukеwantеd (go)o thесonсеrt,ut hе iсkеtswеrе oId ut.
Voсabua y4 Сhoosеhе bеstmеaning' or b, or hе vеrbs n itaIiсs.
1 Pеtе idn'twаnt odrop utof IhebаskеtbаIIеamdеspilе is njurу.a stop еing аrt f b сarrу np|ayingith
2 Aссordingо hе аbIoids,hе oung op tar sgoing utwithherаging roduсеr.a having rе|аtionship |еаvinghе ountry ith
withЗ Gаrywаsn'tее|ingеl|, utheсаrriеdлworking.
a toоk brеаkrom b сontinuеd4 Thеnеw trikеr f thе оotbаIIеаm ai|еdo ivеup tо
thеmаnagеr'sxpесtаt ions.еоnIу сorеdour oaIs||sеaso.
a fulf i l b undеrstand5 Kirsty ou|dn'ttop оiлg n аbout еrnеwboyfriеnd.
a сomp|аiningbout b taIkingnd|еss|ybout
5 CompIеtehе ехtwith hе сorrесt repositions.se hеsеprеpositions.
.. аrоund" for * from'= n = of '..on
" to * with
Advеrtisinglays n mportantаrt - ourеvеrydаyIifе. nаVera8е,еop|еrе xposеd- ovеr ,000advеrts daу on е|еvision,n nеwspapеrs,n hе adio rin hе trееts.oumaУ hink oudесidе
-what
produсtsounеed, utadvеrtisеrsnowbеttеr.hеy hapeoUrattitUdе WhаtWесonsumе
Advеrtisеmеntsivе positivеmprеssion а brandthrоughhе mаgeshеy sе. or xаmplе,hе magеsnsportswеаrdvеrtsftеn tand -strеngth andsuссеss,hеrеаsеrfumеds uggеstouwi|| е rrеsist iblеto othеr еоp|е.ds |so aу.buyhisproduсtndyouwi||bеpart -this group,. еoftеn oB-.- thеproduсt hiсh romotеshеgroupWе dеntifyursеIvеs9-, so ееnagеrsight uyСаIvin |еinаthеrhanСhanеl.
But hеmost uссеssfulrаndsrе hosе hiсh ppеа|omanу iffеrеntroUpsf pеop|е.npаrtiсu|аr,roduсtswhiсhhavе omе10 Amеriсa avе adhugе uссеss.Сoсa-Со|a,orеxаmp|е,spopu|аrIl 1 thеwor|dovеr ,000 okеsrе onsumеdvеrу есond.ndLеvi'sjеаns rеpopu|аr2-tееnаgеrs wor|dwidе.
Put hе words n braсketsnto he сorrесtorm noun radjесtivе)o сompIetеhе sеntenсеs.1 Dеspitеis ough (appеar),avеsquitе gеnt|е
0еrson.2 Simon antеd оb hat ffеrеdlеnty f еxсitеmеnt
and- (vаry).3 Karеn,sеgativе (rеaсt)o thеgood еWsWas
соm |еtе|уnеxpесtеd.4 Iris idn't еt ny (sаt isfу)omhеr arееr sa
modеI.5 Shеwаs еnt n modе||ing (аssign)lI vеr hе
world.
6 Тhеnеwpеrfume as - (сommеrсe)uссеss,thаnkso а br i||iantdvеrt is ingampaign.
7 FаshionеsignеrsrеVеry (сrеatе)еop|е.8 |fуouWаnto bеa fаshion hotographer,ou'|l ееd o
buу xpеnsivе (phоtograph)еquipment.9 Thеrе rе ots f ntеrеstingourist (аttraсt)n
London,uсh s hеLondon уе.
(omp|еtehe ablеwith he сorreсtormof thewordsgiven.
Write he opposites f thеsе djесtives.se hеprеfixеsdis-, l-, n-,un-, r-.
6
7
I
,l attrасtlvе2 с|еar3 еxpеnsivе4 |еgal
5 maturе6 оrgаnisеd/ poss|0|е
B rеsponsib|еq Makеаdjeсtivesrom hеsе ouns. dd hе suffixes 'и l
and -/ess.1 pеaсе2 wondеr3 worth4 сare5 harm
6 hе|p/ nomе8 suссеss9 thank10 usе
Vеr0 noun adjесtivе advеrb
123456
appеaI
dеfеnd
va y
attrасtionсrеatIVе
protесtivе|у
Ф
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1hetlаtulrаrw(o
Dеsсribehe сreaturеsnd he natural аbitatsn thеphotographs.
СompIеteentenсes-4 with hеsеwords.
" сonsеrvаtionistесosYstеmfood hаin
" global arming
1 - is onеоf the biggesthrеаtsothеnaturaIwor|dodаy.2 |f hеp|аntsna(n)-аrе dеstroyеd,еpеndеnt
wi|dIifе ight tаrvе.3 A(n) isa hаbitatnd hеgroup f plаnts r
animа|shаt4 A(n) issomеonе ho riеso reduсehе
dаmаgеonе o hееarth уpo||ut ionndothеr umаnaсtivities.
Reading
Тruеor falsequestionsRеad aсh tatеmеntarеfuIlуеforеmаkingourdесision,s hе tatеmеntsaybepart iaIlyruе utno1сomо|еtеlvruе.
3 Rеаd hе еxtand deсidewhеthеr tatemеnts-.|0 retruе T) r faIse F) .
1 П Luсy аsnota|ways orkеd sа сonsеrvationist.2 П Thе rаng-utansuсy ooksftеr reusua||yrought
in rom hеwiId.3 П Luсу ее|shе ung|еsa dangеrous|асe.4 П Luсy as urnеdo аmous eop|еo hе|p er n hеr
worl(.5 П Luсysoneof hе еwpеop|ebIе o hе|p rаng-
utans еarn itаl ifе ki||s.6 П Bаbу rang-utansavе с|osеelаt ionshipithboth
pa еnts.7 П Luсу ims ouseheraсting xperiеnсеotеасh
pеоp|еbout onsеrvation.8 П Тhe reа uсyworksn s n dеspеratеееd f a new
сеntrе.9 П 0rаng-utаnspеnd |ot f imе ngroups.
10 П More esеаrсhаs ееn onе nto rаng-utаnshanintо thеr pеs.
Luсy Wisdom usеd to swing on thе trapеzеs n a сirсus. Nowshе is swinging among thе trееs of thе Sumatran rainforеst,tеaсhing orphanеd orang-utans what should havе сomеnaturally.
s Hеlplеss young olang-utans havе bееn arriving almostdaily into Luсy,s сarе at thе Bohorok rеhabilitation сentrе,usually aftеr thеy havе bеen in сaptiЙty for a сouplе of yеarsor morе. Rеgardеd as сharming whеn tiny, thеy soonoutgrow thеir сagеs and arе somеtimеs сlosе to stalvation
lо whеn thеy appеar at thе сеntrе.Bеing .mothеr, to a growing proportion of onе of thе
world's most еndangеrеd spесiеs is not for thе faint-hеarted,yеt it is somеthing in whiсh Luсy сlеarly rеvеls. ,I fеel soluсky whеn I,m surroundеd by thе apеs,, she says. .I fееl safе
ts n the iunglе with thе apеs whеn I am doing praсtiсal stuff.,Hеr mission is сеrtainly praсtiсal. Shе has bееn sеttingup
a wеbsitе, trying to gain global сharity status and rесruitingroсk stars in hеr сampaign to savе thе orang-utans, whosenumbеrs havе fallеn by thrее-quartеrs inсе thе mid-1970s.
zоBut Luсy,s supеrhuman сontribution to thе saving andrеhabilitation of infant apеs lies in thе faсt that most of hеradulthоod has bееn spеnt as a pеrforming artist and aсrobat.Shе may not talk to thе animals like Dr Doolittlе, but Luсythinks nothing of сlimbing 20-mеtrе high trееs and pееling
zspatсhеs of bark with hеr tееth to show young orang-utanswhat thеy should bе doing.
.Thеrе is an intеnsеly strong tiе betwееn mothеr andba|эу, aлd if that,s brokеn, thе infants don,t lеarn an1thing,,shе еxplains. .I go into the forеst and usе my trapezе skills to
зohеlp tеaсh the small apеs how to сlimb.,It is littlе wonder that Luсy fееls shе has arrivеd at hеr
lifе,s сalling. Thеrе сan bе fеw jobs whiсh nееd aсrobatiсtraining and stagе еxpеriеnсе _ anothеr skill shе is about toutilisе to organisе a touring show to еduсatе youngstеrs
зsabout thе importanсе of сonsеrvation. Yеt, as thе nееdinсrеasеs to providе an еvеn stronger safеф nеt for thе еver-dесrеasing population of orang.utans, thе Bohorok сеntrе
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....-asforсеd to сlosе its doors to nеW:ntlants. Part of thе diffiсulty was thе:roximity of a wild orang-utanropulation, whiсh made thе loсalе1еasе of prеviously сaptivе apеs
.rrpossiblе and, furthеr afiеld, thе::ееs havе bееn сut down. Unlеss."rnding s raisеd for a nеw сеntlе, itl.;ill bе impossiblе to look aftеr thе.эrgе numbеrs of pеts whiсh ownеrs;iе now willing to givе up. Luсy is]-loW сontaсting multi-national;cmpaniеs to hеlp hеr сampaign to>ar-еhе orang-utans.
Orang.utans tеnd to bе solitaryзnimals, notiсеably so in oldеr agе.-his is onе of thе rеasons thеy havе
:ееn lеss studiеd than othеr apеssuсhзs сhimpanzееs - еvеn though thеylIе 96.4o/o gеnеtiсally linked to:]umans and appеar to sharе many:haraсteristiсs with us. Thеy еvеnsuffеr rom thе samе disеasеs swе do..'r.ith
thе help of Luсy and pеoplе likеiеr, thе survival of thеsе gеntle giants:lay wеll bе assurеd.
Lisa Buсkingham Guаrdiап Soсietу
a,t,
'.::
Voсabu a yAnimalProteсtion4 Matсh hеnouns _B o theirmeanings-h.
1 сaptivity|inе ) a sеttingrее2 stаrvаtion|ine ) b giving rsupp|yingomethingogеtherith thеrs3 status(|inе17) с hе|pingtorеturntoausеfuIifе4 сampаign|inе B) d notbеingrее5 сontribution|inе0) е а fight ororagainstomеthing6 rеhаbiIitat iоn|inе1) f suffеringrdуingrom aсk f ood7 rе|еаsеlinе 0) g a soсiа|r profеssiоnаlosit ion8 survivаI|inе0) h rеmaining|ivе r n еxistеnсe
\^lordgrith ppoeitоmeаninge
5 write hеsеwordsnеxt o thеirmеаnings_B. hen ind words n thе ехtwhiсhmеan heoppositе.he irst wo Iеtters regivеn o hеIp ou.
+a nastу аturе с|os еr сoUrаgеoushuge* inсrеasin8" se|f-suffiсiеnt* soсiab|е, io|еnt
meanrngs
1 аblе o manаgе уonesе|f2 havingn unp|еаsаntаnnеr3 еxtrеme|yаrgе4 brаvе5 bесomingiggеrn numbеr6 neаrеr
7 l iving ith thers/not|onе8 аggrеssivе
words oppositеsrom hе еxt
hе|plеss
6 Usе hе adjесtivesou ound n thе ext o desсribe thеrnouns.
Ехаmple 1 А holplossbаbу
: Disсusshеse uеstions.i . Whаt thеr nimаlsn thеwor|d rе асinя хt inсt ion?
. Why s t mportantosavе nimaIsrom xtinсtion?
. What |sе аnhumans o oоrеsеrvеhеwor|d rоundhеm?
сnti_fa -.hе-0efu
SO
otr
Ф
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Habits
QlлiсI<quiz
1 Сorrесthе mistakesn thеsе entеnсes.1 l,mgеtting patsеVеn ,сIосkverymorning,a|ways
nаVе.2 Jane еvеrs irеd t night shе ovеsoing ut.3 Pеtе |waysrrivingаtе it rеа|lуnnoуs е.
Тoday, Deсember 1st, s world AIDS day аnd so
our mystery pop personality is the perfeсt person
for this weеkЪ quiz. Pаul Hewson is muсh better
known to the worId by anothеr nаmе. He is the
|eаd singеr of a hugely popuIаr lr ish group, but
who is he?
He hаs been an importantpагtof settingUp a non-profit orgаnisаtionса|ledDAТA (Debt,AlDS,Trаde
in Afriсa) аnd has beсome a сelebrity obbyist.
He often meets statesmen to disсuss debt relief
and has workеd with top po|it iс iаns o fight for аn
extra $5 bi l l ion to fight AlDS.Тhis has resulted n
сrit iс ism from some. Friends say, ,Peop|e are
alwаys сrit iс is ing him, but itЪ the people hеЪ
helping who are impoftant. t doеsn,t bother him.'
ln сontrаst o many roсk stars who dress up for
thesе oссasions, Paul never сhanges his imagе.
Еven for a meeting With Prinсe Chаr|es,he,l l urn
up wearing а сrumpled suit and o|d shoes.
Who is this fаmous pop star who does so muсh
to try to сombat the huge problеms in Afriса?
Proьenthabils3 Look t exampIеs_сandсompIеtеulеs l_3withpresent
simplе,present ontinuous r will.a Нe'll turn up weаringа сrumpledshirt аnd
sungIаsseo.b ||e oftenmeetsslаteemen о disсuss debt reliaf,
but he nevordresseв up.с Peoplaаre alwауsсriticisinghim.
Rulеs1 Thе isusua||ysеd о а|k bout rеsеnt
hаbit.t sоftеn sеd ith nаdvеrb f rеоuеnсv(nеvеr,omеtimеs,t'tеn, lwауs, tс').
2 Wеusе hе +а wауs/сotinuа у/t'orеveIotаlk bоut nnoyingаbits.
3 Wеusе tо alk bout оmеonе'sYpiса|behаviou.
4 Сomp|еtehе еxtwith hесorrесt ormof thеvеrbs nbrасkеts. sе heprеsеnt imp|е r will.More hаnonеanswermaybе possiblе.l\4yranddad
l- (tа|k)forоurs bоut vhеn еwas
young, е2- (tеl|)torу ftеr torу. ез(bе)еaIIyood t mаkinghеpast omе Iivе. е4- (sit)n his а vouritееat еаr hе irе ПO е
(а|wаystart)n hе amеwаy,0nсе,whеn wаsjust уoungаd... 'аndis tor iеs
-(аlwaysinish)
in hе amеwау,oo, 0fсoursе,hings rеdiffеrеntоw.'|\4yistеr - (a|wаysаnt) o knоwwhаthаppеnеdto alI hеpеop|еngrаnddad,stor iеs.е8- (justsmi|е)nd hеn е9- (say),WеI|,thаt's nоthеrstorу.'
5 Writе n ехаmplе f an annoying аbit orеасhstаtеmеnt sing hеprеsеntontinuous ndаlwауs.1 Dаnie|s nеvеr n imе.2 l\4аrkеvеr oеs ishomеwork3 I'm otgоingo |еnd а||уnу
mаkе/usvаit
сopу/mlnе
аsk/borrow onеymorеmonеУ.
4 Оur еасhеr аkеs swork oohаrd givе/us orеwork5 N4ikеаs tеrr ib|ееnsе f humour. е||/bаdokеsEхаmple1 Не,s lwауsmаkingus wоit"
6 Сomp|еtеhе sеntеnсes ith hе сorrесt ormof thevеrbin braсkеts.1 |Vlyisters еrrib|е.hе myс|othеsithout
asking.borrow)2 Tom ndЕ||еn wа|king.еnjoу)3 Pеop|еftеn- mе ormonеуorgood ausеs.
(аsk)
4 l\4ikе hisgir lfr iеndvеry vening.phonе)5 l\i ggiе to thесinеma t hеwееkеnd.go)
2 Read hе еxtand ind ourexampIеsf presеnt abits.
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Pasthabits7 Read he extandаnswerhеquеstions.
|n1976when J2 irst ormed' hе bаndmеmbеrs еrе IlstiII t sсhooI.hеу sеd o play ogеthеr vеry ight.Тhеywouldpraсtisen a garagеndspеnd fеwhoursworking n hеir ongs. onowouldwrite hemusiс sing
numbеrsnstеad f notеs есаusее сouldn't eadmusiс.
ln fасthеwasn,t ven blе o p|aуhеguitar ow, fсoursе'hings revеrydiffеrent.
1 Whiсh hrееwаys anWеusе o dеsсribeаst аbits?2 СanWеusеwould o еXprеss past tatе?3 СanWеUsе sеdoor wouldorsing|е аst сtiоns?4 Whаt ormof thеvеrbdowе usеaIIer sеd oand
woulil
8 Rеwritе hе tеxt usingwouldand|or sed owherepossible.
Whеn еWеrеoUng е1 ivedn Frаnсе.n hеholidays,
wе2
wеnt o thеsamе il|аgеn hесoаst vеry еar.Wе3stayedn а bеаutifuIousе ight n hеbеaсh.agotupеar|y vеrуmorningnd5 andown о hеbеaсh.6swamif hеwеathеr as ood nd hеn 7waIkеd lоng hеbеасh rBеxpIoredhеarea. nе ay, 9meta gir| ndaftеrhаtwе10 pent II ur parеimе ogеther.е11bесame еrу оod riеnds ndwе12wrotе ong еttеrsеvеrу ееk.Wе13 аwеaсh thеr softеn spossib|еndаfеwуеars аtеr е1a tartеd oing ut ogеthеr.аst еar,wе15 otmаrriеdndwе16wеnt aсk o hе i||agеorоurhoneуmoon.
ЕхomplеWhonwo wero1fОung, a uвad ta live in Frаnсo.
Lеt's aсtivatеЕotapta19 Work n pairs'Student and Studеnt , andrеad hе
instruсtionsе|ow.
StudentYouarе hе host f а ТVсhаt how ndуouhаvеnvitеd
Studеnt to аppеar n hе hоw. е/Shеsnow fаmouspop tar, nddoеs Iot fwork orhumаnitariаnaUsеs'butwhеn е/shе аs oUngеris/hеrifе аs еry iffеrеnt.Ask uеstiоnsbout:
1 his/hеrifе hеn е/shе as oUnger.2 hоwhе/shе есаmеаmous.З what is/hеrifе s Iikе ow, hаt е/shеoеs vеrу ay.4 his/hеr ork orhumаnitаrianаUsеs.5 whаt е/shеhinks rе hеmostmportanthingsora
hаppу,uссеssfu|ifе.
StudеntYou rе r iсh,amous op tаr.n our pаrеimе oudosomеwork orhumаnitariаnausеs.ou rе oingoаppеаrоn a TVshоw. rеpаrеoanswеr tudеnt 's uеstions.|sothink bout:1 whiсh ausе/саusеsouwork or.Why idyou hoosе
it/thеm? hat ind f hings oyoudo?2 whаt our outinеsnоw.What bout hеn оuwеrе
you gеr?3 how our ifе аs hangеdn hеpast еw еars.
:л*iri
". r':;. .;-"-,- '
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Re.scate
1 Desсribe hаt s happеningn thеpiсturе.Whatdo youthink happеnеd еforehе piсturеwas akеn?Whatdoyou hinkwilIhappen еxt?
Listening
2 сC6|з.lYouarеgoing o heаra rаdioprogrаmmеboutdogs hatheIp o savе eop|e'sives. irst, еаd hroughstatementsl_5.Тhеn istеn ndсhoosе hebеst ption.
1 Тhеman ssuffеr ingromа shoсk ftеr fаl|.b а brokеn io.с no1hingl аl|.d hуpothermiа'
2 Тhеmаn son hе аdio rogrаmmеесausее sa а dоghаnd|еr '
b а оеtownеr.с a rеоortеr.d а с|imbеr.
Тhеpurpоsеf thеwееkеndсtivity е s аlkingаboutsa to indpeop|е hо rе uitаb|еo rаin еsсueоgs.b toаssеsshe isks f с|imbingn hеSсottish
mou tarns.с tоgive ogs n rеsсuееаms omе urthеrrаining.d tо dесidе hiсh ogs ndhandIеrsoin еsсuееams.
Good еsсuеogs rе hоsе hiсh, mongstthеr hings,сanbe rаinеda to kееp alm n unusualituаt ions.b not ogoаnywhеrееar аrm nimа|s.с togеtusеd o hеnoisе f аirсraft.d not o ouсh hе еsсuеlаrеs.
Dogs аrtiсu|аr|yuitаb|еormоuntаinеsсUе ork0есa sеa Тhеу an Un | ot аstеrhаnhumаn еings.b Thеу rееаsiеro ransporto hе itе f hе еаrсh.с Тhеу аn niff utа humаn omе istаnсеwаy.
d Тhеy аnbe rainеdna vеrу hortimе.
Еxpreььionэ3 мatсh hе еxpressionsn italiсs _6 to meanings_f .
1 hypothеrmia i||inishmеot'f2 thеdogs оn,t t't'ordo be nervоus3 whеn esсuеlares oф4 todаy's ountаinеsСuеwеs lot o5 rеsсuе as ome longwауsinсe6 thеdogs оvеn'tost hеir ouсh
a еxp|оdе
b mаkе |ot f progrеssс аrеnot n а posit ionod st iI l аvеhеаbil ityo dosomеthingе hаs |оt o hаnk omеbodyorf ki||mе
Mu|t iplehoiсе uеstionsBеforеou istеn,еad hroughhеquеstionsаrеfu||у,thеn svou istеn,hоosеhе orrесtnswеr.uta dotbеsidеhеаnsWеrou hink sсorrесt hеn ou istenthе irst imе, hеnmakе оur inа| hoiсе hеn istеninяfor hе есondimе.
Ф
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PronunсiationWоaК orm vrords4 сo6Jз.zListеn o thissеntеnсе.hеwordsn itаIiсs re
weak orms.What ypеs fwords rе hеy?
Iln playinghе o|е /ас|imbеr.
5 put hеsе аrts f spеесhnto heсorrесt oIumn.
. аdjесt ivеsаdvеrbs artiсIеsauxiIiаr iеsnounsl prеposit ionspronouns Vеrbs
6 сo6Jзз irсIеhеwords ou hinkwiIIbe strеssеdnsеntenсes_8. hen isten ndundеr|inеhewеak ormwords.'1 I саnhеаr nеxсitеdаrk.2 I,m е re o сovеrhеаnnua|ssеssmеntееkеnd.3 It's tough еst.4 Тhеу,rееing inсhеd p nto hе|iсoptеr.5 Hеwаs nvitеdo Switzеrlando sее hеwork f
avа|аnсhеogs.6 It'sme nехt.7 | nееdn,t orry.8 |t,||nlуbеa mattеr f minutеs.
7 Now еadout he sеntеnсеsn Exеrсisе. Make ure oustrеss he сorreсtwords.
SpеakingProblоm-solving8 Youaregoing n a mountai n сtivity eеkеnd.n groups'
dесidеwhere o go,how o gеt hеrе, ndсhoose woaсtivitiesrom hе ist.
. bungееumping сIimbingparaglidingskiing
. snowboardingwalking9 Сhoosе ight ssentiaItеms o takewithуou.
Fоtepla110 ln pairs' isсuss hаt hesе аturaI isаstеrsreand
сhoosе ne o taIk bout. hen o thе olе.pIaуn 1.l.
. avа|аnсhееаrthоuakеrivеr lood tida| avе
. lornаdo vo|саniсruot ion
1 1 Rеаd hе notеs nd akе urns o askandanswer
questions.
StudentYouаrea journaIistt thе sсеnе f a disаster.ouаreintеrviеwing survivor. аkеnotеs bout hequеstionsyouarеgoing o ask.Findout about:. whеrеhеywеrе ndwhat heуwеrе оing hеn hе
disаstеrtruсk.. how hеу urvivеd.. how hеy е|t.
StudentYou
аrеa survivor t the sсenеf а disаstеr. journaIist
is going o intеrviеwouаboutwhathappеnеd. akеnotеs bout ourexpеriеnсes.hinkabout:. whеrе oUWеrе ndwhаt ouWеrе oing t hе imе f
thеdisаstеr.. how оu urvivеd. how ou е|t.
Givinga ehortpresentation12 сhoosе nеof thеquestionsеlow ndpreparе short
prеsеntationf onе minutе o givе o thе сIass.1 ShouIdеoplе hо аkeUnnесеssаrуisks xpесto bе
rеsсuеdy hееmеrgеnсуеrviсеs?2 ShouIdhееmеrgеnсyеrviсеsе inanсеdy hе
govеrnmеntr shouIdhеу е|y n сhаrit iеsо undthеm?
Wordshаtаrе ikе|ytо bе strеssеd
Wоrdshаthаvеwеаk orms
Giving prеsentationТry o re|аxnd pеak onfidеntIy.our udiеnсе i|| еmorе ntеrеstеdn whаl oU rе ауing.Don't оrgеto kееp n еуеon thе imе. rуnot oovеrrunr inishooSoon.
Don,t pеаkooquiсk|yr ooquiеtIy.V|aintаinstеadyоасе ndоаusеorbrеath.
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.',.{;,: S.,*
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QсliсI<q.'iz
Answеr hеsе uеstionsboutSсot|and.1 Whаts hе аpitaIf Sсot|аnd?2 Whаt amous rink smadе n Sсot lаnd?3 What oSсotsmеnradit ionaIlyеar?4 Whiсh аmous сottishoеtWrotе uldLаng уnе
(sung n NеwYеаr's vе)?5 What rаditionaIood sеatеn n hеniяht f his
bi thd y?6 Whаt rе сottishakеs a||еd?
7 Whiсhnstrumеntsassoсiatеdith сot|аndzB Whаts hеhighеst ountаinn SсotIand?9 Whiсhаmous onstеrsаssoсiаtеdith сot|аnd?
Studying he sample
-. a)lt t
3 кеadBob,s еpIy o hisсousins.shis еttеr forma| r b)informa|n stv|е? ivе rеasonor vourans\ lеr.
2 Bob ivеsn London uthе has omе ousinsn NеwZea|and ho arесoming o visitBritain. еad he IettеrBob rесeivеdrom hеm.
Bob, aесlberеаllуgrаkfи| fуo" сoиldаrrаngе trip to"йi"";
1':' ".idiollу,,.,Й7ik, to trаvе| у trаiпаиdsttlg
i,,,1oitr* orsiуdiуs,Wе,,P:::"il::l .iиt;restеdпsееiпg
theSсottishсеИrr пс|omе fthеhьtoriсаl i1hkbu|,o"'.'"',u,
",*'ь,,n ti,,, before, е,reots'иre oш ogoаloиt .,
Wе'аrrive п Loпс/oпn /heеn,,ingoп thе71th pril yd.сu-,oи|d
beаb|e oсtlkh а trаiп',o,,l
,"Eht.orniпе uSсotlаиd he.,*i
*",,," 1, Woиld t bеаl/ ,ght for иs tostау ovеrпightаt
цoиr /аt?"к,o|iц |ookiп.qor,uаrdtosееiиg oи,
Drar Сhriэand Эarah,
Thankэ or уour |attеr. t waэ orra| |o hear f.|a-- э- arrсominq o Brit,ain О ?aУ uэ a viэiL. 'mэorryтc эЭl,-,h2||won.Lba n Londonon thе еvеningуou arrivе.a -,.С
-qhУОu,rеvrry wеlcomе О ЭtaУ overnight nthе ЛaI,' wi ' с'неvеr, еaD|ao mert УОUwhrnуougеLbaсk rom Эсot|andYouaэkedmе|o arrangеa trip to Эcot|and'which 'vеdonе'|'vе ookеdУou|wОэra|э ОnLhe О9,ОО Lrain frorrз in/эСroээ |o Еdinburqh,You'rеnСoachB andуour эеa|э arе 29and ЭО. |'vе еfLуou a nОt'rwiLhLha detai э of уour Lrip whichl.эuggеэtуoupiсkup withthrtickеtэ frommу flatmaLe.
|'vralso baokеdуou inI;ohr Loсhу 1otеInLhlе сеn|rrofЕdinburghor |,vеnightэ,Еdinburgh'э bеauLifu|,iэtorica|citу witha magnifiсеnLaэ1|e nd thе эtaff havaaээuredmеt,haLNhеу an organiэе rxcurэionэ anуwhеrr n Эco)land forУОU,Аэ f ar aэ viэitэgo, сan rеal|у rcommrndLhе |,iqh|andэ'ouCanэrr bеn Nеviэ, cotland'эhighеэtmОUn|ainnd Nhrwondеrfu| Оrnrryof G|еncoе, эpесI;acular oun|ain a||еу.Youэhould ake a trip to Loch Nrээ, |oo - уou might эее thеrrэidеnt monЭ|er,whichevеryone'эсonvinсеd tveэnthе |akе.Looking orward o эrеing уou n London.
Withbaэtwiэheэ,
bob
Цndsrslаndinghe tasК
Yoиrs,Сhris апd Sаrаh
?
:l.
lt:
I
'itur:l3il1?:li'iilqtitg:"t9ltlliill:llф-"':. : :rr:::iittt:,,119:liittttir tti'illllii: u1l3t'll:'tttiiir':t'::::::',r'::r:::rrr:__'__''
..'' .''
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Wгiting otes4 Rеаd hе notе Bob Iеft or his сousinsаbout their trip to
Sсot|and,hen underl ine hе samеpiесеs f informationin Bob's ettеr.
1 train tiсkеtэ to Еdinburgh12 Аpri|СoachЭ ЭaaLэ29
andЭО :2 |iсkaLэ wi|h mУ iaLmaLeJakr3 aсcommoda|ion or 12-16 Аpri| j
Lochу 'oтr|,Еdinburqhte|:О13792О7 771 sJakahaэ addraээ i1
4 viэiLэ (orqaniэr'd у hoNr|): ;1|iqh|andэ ,Ben Naviэ* higheэtmountainG|encoa_ va||еу }.LochNеээ - manэIar
i;..*}ia..'.'@зg 1l 91i..i...,...}]з}]:9l}э*{g***oя*Ell.-'*.*llв*.l..''.3l
5 Rеwritеhesе entenсеsn notе orm'|eaving ut any
unneсessarуnformation'NotеshouId lways e briеfand nformаtivе.heydo not havе o bewrittеn nсorrесt rаmmatiсaIorms.)1 | hаvе еsе rvеdroom oryou romMay1Oth o Мlаy
15th t hеHighland otе| n hеoutskirtsf Abеrdeеn.2 | rеa||уhink ou houIdisit hе slandsff hеwеst
сoast f Sсotlandесаusеheу'rеantаstiс.3 Тhеmost еаUtifuIf hе sIandssSkуе,ndmany
peop|еisitonabесausеf tshistor iса|ignif iсаnсе.4 Тоgеt o hе sIаnds,oU an akе hе еrrу rom hе
сoast nd hеrеsа bridgеo SkyеromKy|е f LoсhaIsh.
5 0n thе s|аndf Lеwis,ou аn ее hе tandingtonеs
аtСa||аnishndеnjoyhеpеaсе ndquiеt ha tsurroundshеm.
6 Workwitha partner. hесk hatyouhаvе nсIudеd II hеimportantetails.
Steps o betterwritingLevоlsof formаlit17 Read hephrasеsnd dесidеwhеthеr hеyare ormаl F)
or nformа|I).
1 П a |tWаs reato hеar hаt ..П b Iwаs xtrеmеIуIеasеdo hеаr hat ..2 |1 a I sinсеrеlypoIogisеornotbеing vai|аb|е.
П b l,m orryo sау won,t е hеrе.З П a Wе rеnot ertainow o orgаnisеt.
П b Wе rеn't urе ow оgoaboutt.4 Z a You,rееrywеlсomеo staу.
П b |twоu|d есonvеniеntoryou o stay.5 П a You hоu|dаkе tr ip o ...
П b Iwou|d dvisеou o arrаngеvisit o ..6 П a As аrаsvisits o, ..
П b With еgаrdovisits,..
Цlriting bout1ourownсountг18 Writе еntenсesiving dviсе o someonе isiting our
сountry sing hеsеprompts ndyourown deаs.1 - isa сitуwith2 As visits
4f
You hou|d|sо a visit o whеrеоu
аnsее
- isаlsоnсrеdibIyеаutifu|.Тwo hings is аmоusorаrе аnd -
Writingyour lеtterand notеs
сonсеrnеd,саn есommеnd a
Understandinghо asK9 lmagineouhavе ousins ho ive broаd ndarе
сoming o visit ou.Youhavеnеvеrmet hembut hеyhave skеd ou o makе |l hе arrаngеmеntstravеI,aссommodationndvisits)or hеm ogoon а five-day
tr ip o visit popularourist rеa n your ountry.
Writе rеp|y 120_150ords)o thеir еttеr nd elI hеmwhаtyouhavе rrangеd.
InсIudinglI hеnе(еssаrynformationWhеn rit ing |еttеr, akе urе ou nсludе|| hеnеСеssaryеtаi|s.fуoudo not, oUwi||оsеmarks.
10 writе hort otеs nder hеhеadingsn 1_3 еminding
yoursе|f hat o tеlIyourсousinsn your еttеr'1 Тransoort:2 Aссommodаtion:3 Reсommеndеdisits:
\tlгiting'|1 Dесidеwhatothеr nformаtionou mightnееdand
inсludеt n thе еtter'orехаmpIe:. how ou ее| bоut hеir is it .. i f уouwi|| е hеrе hеn hеу rri vе.. whеrеhеywi|| iсk p iсkеts.
LhocYing12 сhесk hаtyouhave:
. writtеn r ief,еgib|еnd nformativеotеs.
. inсludеd|| hеnесеssarуnformationnyour оtеs nd|еttеr.
. usеd n appropriаtеnformа|tуlе.
. writtеnhе ight mount120-150ords)nуour еttеr.
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Proьen|.abits1 writе hе words n thе сorrесt rder o mаkе еntеnсеs
abouthаbits.1 for wiI|/N4ikеoftеn hours rеаd2 hard Sam аnd wоrk usuа||yСе|iа3 hеr bоrrowingаlwаys bikе brothеr Kаtе,sis4 kind theу аrelwi|l ltheу vеrуlаlwауsit lсan
thеу/you/hе|p5 in/ thosе аrе tа|kingс|assstudеntsсontinuаllv6 punсtuа|Pau| а|wауshе is |ate is nеvеr
2 Сomplеtеhe sentenсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thе vеrbin braсkеts. sewillwhеre ossibIе'1 Janе (|ovе)kiing.hе- (go) vеry аy f
shе аn.2 |\4аrk (gеt p) t6.З0 uringhеwееk есаusе
hе- (havе)|ongournеуо work'Pеtе- (not ikе) еаringmаrt lothеs,e(еvеn еar) |d еans ndТ-shirtsogo oa pаrtу.Sаrаh- (not o) nywоrk t hеwееkеnd,hе
(prеfеr)o rеlаx.
(hаvеo)bесаrеfu| hеn (tаkе)im orа Wа|K.
6 СIаrе (ехеrсisе)vеry аy. hе=-- (run)nthеmorning
n hepаrk
nd hе (go)о hеgуmаftеrwork f shе- (hаvе)imе.
Mаtсh ituаtions _6 o аnnoying аbits -f.Тhenwritеsеntеnсessing hеprеsеnt ontinuous.EхвrnpleThrу ara vpr'{ пoаn" hrу,reаIwвуs 4уit's hс.у avon,tgot аnу monoY. uf lt,вnоt trua'
1 Тhеу rеVеrymean.2 Jеnnуsvеry bsеnt-mindеd.3 Pamnеver ays nуthingiсе bout еr riеnоs.4 ]aсk s еalIynt idу.
5 Dаve nd аnе rе еаlIynrеIiаbIe.6 Jim snеvеr UnсtUа,.
а tUrn pIatеorbаskеtbаlIrасt iсеb losе hingsс сr it iсisеshеmd |osеhings есаusеis oom s n suсh mеsse say hеy аvеn'tot nymonеу,ut t 's ot ruеf |еtmеdown
Сomplеtehe sеntеnсеs i th hе сorrесtormof thе vеrbin braсkеts. sе hеpresеnt imp|е,hе prеsеnt
сontinuous,r will.
A dream omе ruе
1-уoU - (oftеn drеаm) f winning hе
|оttеrу?verу ееkеndhousandsf pеоp|е(imаginе)inninghеmi||ion-poundасkpotnd аstr 'vееkоbWhitе,srеаm amе ruе.'Rоb - (а|wаysbuу) Iottеrуiсkеt t hеtvееkеnd,,ауs isgir|fr iеnd.Hе
- (usuа||уbuy)
onеOП hеwayhomе romwork. е5- (stop)tоur oсаlhоp nd6- (сhat)oJohn,hеownеr.Thеv - (а|waуsokе) bout ho,soingowinthе ottеryhiswееk.'.Yеs, 'аddsob.it 'sаrt f mуrоutinе.8- (аlwaysthink)hеwееkеnd(stаrt)whеn10
- (gonto)thеhоp o buymytiсkеt. 4у аrеntsl-l- (not pend) onеу n Iottеryt iсkеts,hеу hink t,s wastе f monеy' hеу 2
(a|wауstеll)mе shouldn't аstе ymonеу uуing
..::::::::ll.lllll"'lll'1",'"0
:Io":::".Past habits5 Rеwritе hе vеrbswhеrepossibIe. sеvlouldwhere
possible r usеd o.Whеn Was oungеr е1Iivеdna smаlI i||аgеndwе2 hada dog.Wе3 ook t forа wа|k vеrу аy.Wеa ovеdourdog, ut t сou|d еvеry аughty.t5сhаsеd thеrdogs,t6 r ied o oin n ootbа|lamеs nd nsummеrwhen hе се-сrеаmаn7сamе t8sаtnеxt o thеvanand9Iooked t еvеryоnе.omanуpеоp|е0 avе hеdog се-сrеаmshаt t 1 bесamеаt'onсе t 12 ollowedhе се-
сrеаm аn о hеnеxt iIlаgеndwе l3wеrе еа||уorriеduntiIhеVan wnеr aphonеd s'Мlymothеr5hаd odrivе hеrе nd о||есtt
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Reading6 Rеad hе ехt.Whiсh aragraphnсludеs:
, l а соnсlusiоnwhy oUWrotе bоuthispеrson
2 infоrmаtionlэouthеpast
3 infоrmаtionbout hаt hеpеrson oеs nd ikеsn hе0rеsеnI
4 a physiсaIеsсr ipt lоn
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сLotkeэ o.и'd. Looks €ieкdl9.
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r.ot €t. €orw шkerе rк9 €лi L9 Ltvе.э,
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9rошp шko viэсt зсеk с rсLd'reи. .N ko6P.t;L,l.....
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\tlordbuitdlng1 Сomplete hе tеxtswiththе сorrесt оrmof thеword
braсkеts.Aссordingo nеW tаtistiсs,аst еаr аw hеmost(drаmа)tormsnddroughtsor еn еаrs.n thеwоrst.hitсountriеs,xtrеmе еathеrеsu|tеdn2
- (stаrvе)аndhоmе|еssnеss.сiеnt istsay hаt nсrеаsеd|obа|З
- (po||utе)smаking signif iсant(соntributе)o сl imаtiсhаngеs.Ассordingo hеWor|d idе und orNаturе,hе5(survivе)f Еuropе,sears,ynxеsndwo|vеssbеingthreatеnеd.omе pесiеsrеоn hеbrink f6
(ехtinсt)'hеrе аvе ееn еvеra|- (сonservе)
programmes,utаttеmptso rаisе pесiеsuсh s hе|bеriаnynxnB (саptivе)аvеаi|еd.hесontinuing- (dеstroу)f hеhabitatf hе ynxmеanshаt twi|| robablуiеoutovеr hеnext iftу еars
Environmsntal robloms2 Mаtсh hе еnvironmеntaIrobIems_6 о thеir
definitions _f.1 global аrming2 aсid ain3 еndangеrеdpесiеs4 sеvеre rought
5 сhеmiсaIolIut ion6 oils l iсk
arеа f oiI hat lоats n thеsеаlong rypеriodsubstаnсеhatmаkеshееnvironmеntirty nd0а gеroUinсrеаsеn еmpеrаturеf hеЕагth'stmоsphеrеrаin hаthasbееn ffесtеdy асtorу olIutionаnimаls r p|аntshаt rе losеoext inсt iоn
Сomplеtehеsе еntеnсеs ithonеof thеphrasеsl*6
tn2.1 Sсiеnt istsаy hаt n|еss- isstoppеd,ising
tеmperаturеsi|| аusе isаstrousloodsn Iow-lуingсou tr ies.
2 -, саusеdypol|utionn hеаtmosphеrе,аsdеstroyеdаnу rееsn Nоrthеrn urоpе.
3 A |ot f r ivеr i|d|ifеаsbееn i||еdv fromfасtories.
4 |n1998, - inAfr iсааusеd idеsprеadаminе5 Somе suсh s hе bеrianynx, аvе ееn
huntеd Imosto еxLinсt iоn.6 Тhе hаd disаstrousffесt nsеаbirdsnd
mаrinеifе.
Aфeetivоs ith -Ieэeand-ful4 СompIetеhеsеntеnсesithonеof thеsеwords nd hе
сorreсt uffix -lеss r .fuf More hanonе ansWеr aybepossiblеor еасhgаp.
* сarе nаrm* nе|р nomеФsUСсеsSI'Jsе
1 Aftеr is al l, hе l imbеrаy until rеsсuеtеаm rrivеd.
2 Lеаvingittеrn hе ountrysidеs аndi rеspоsi е.
3 G|obаl аrmings hаving - еffесtn hееnvironmеnt.
4 Shеltеrsа Brit ishhаritуеvotеd o hеlping hе
а|uminium аns s аесyс|ingаpеr,Iass,ndway f rеduсingolIut ion.
6 Thеdеmonstrationgаinstuс|еаrnеrgy as еryLots f pеop|еttеndеd
Words hatgo togоthar5 сhoosehе сorrесt ords r phraseso сomplеtеhe
sеntеnсes'1 |fуouwonmil|ionsf pоunds' ould ou- уour
fаmi|уnd r iеnds?a hе|p ut b heIp vеr с hеlp long
2 Lisa а|| еr Id lothеso сharitу.a gаVе p b gavе vеr с gаVе Way
З Sсiеntistsavе with nеw уpе f сar nginеohе|p еduсеolIulion.a Сomе p b сomе wау с Сomе сross
4 |fуouwаnt o mаkе monеу,ououghto0eСomе |awyеr.a muСn b plеntу f с man,
5 Inhiswil|, ir ohn еft lotof prоpеrtyoСа sеs.
a worthy b vаluаb|е с prесious6 0nсеMark adgivеn oё hеmonеy,twаs оо atеohismind ndаsk or t bасk.
а сhangе b mаkе с modify
abс
dеf
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Тh.Thirty.ninеtеpSbу|ohi Buсhаn
{)'s тWas iust fitting my kеy into thе door whеn I
notiсеd a man at my еlbow. I had not sееn him approaсh,and thе suddеn appеaranсе madе mе start. Hе was a slim
man, with a short brown bеard and small bluе еyеs. I
rесognisеd him as thе oссupant of a flat on thе top floor,
r'vithwhon-r I had passеd thе tlmе of day on thе stairs.
,Сan I spеak to you?' hе said. ,Мay I сomе in for a
minutе?, Hе was stеadying his voiсе with an еffort, and his
hand was pawing mY arm.
I got my door оpеnеd and motionеd him in. No soonеr
.ruu,й. ovеr thе thrеshold than hе madе a dash for my baсk
room, Whеrе I usеd to smokе and writе my lеttеrs. Thеn hе
boltеd baсk.,Is thе door loсkеd?, hе askеd fеvеrishly, and hе
fastеnеd thе сhain with his own hand..I,m vеry sorty,, hе said humbly. ,It,s a mighty libеrty,
but you toЬкеo thе kind оf man who would undеrstand.
I,vе had you in my mind all this wееk whеn things got
troublеsomе. Say,will you do mе a good turn?,,I,1ll istеn to you,, I said. .That,sall I,l l promisе.,,I,m a bit rattlеd tonight,, hе said. ,You Sее, happеn at
this rrromеnt to bе dеad.,,What doеs it fееl likе?, I askеd. I was prеtty сетtain that
I had to dеal with a rrradman.
A small smilе fliсkеrеd ovеr his drawn faсе. ,You sее I
rrееd hеlp morе than any man еvеr nееdеd it, and I want
to know if I сan сount you in.,,Gеt on with your story,, I said, ,and I,1l еll you.,
Hе was an Arnеriсan, frorn Kеntuсky, and aftеr сollеgе,
bеing prеtty wеll off, hе had startеd out to sее thе world.
Hе wrotе a bit, and aсtеd as War сorrеspondеnt for a
Сhiсago papеrl and spеnt a Уеat oI two in South-Еastеrn
вurop . неЪpoк" familiarly of many namеs I rеmеmbеrеd
having sееn in thе nеwspapеrs. Hе had playеd about with
politiй, hе told mе, at first fоr thе intеrеst of thеm, and
ihеn bесausе hе сouldn,t hеlp himsеlf.
I amgiving yоu what hе told mе as wе]l as I сould makе
it out.Away bеhind all thе govеrnmеnts and thе armiеs thеrе
Wasasubtеrranеanmovеmеntgoingon,еnginееrеdbydangеrous pеоplе. Hе had сomе aсIoss it by aссidеnt; it
fasсinatеd him; hе wеnt furthеr, and thеn got сaught. I
gathеrеd that most of thе pеoplе in it wеrе thе soгt of
еduсatеd anarсhists that makе rеvolutions, and that bеsidе
thеm wеrе flnanсiеrs who wеrе playing for monеy. A сlеvеr
n]an сan makе profits from a falling markеt, and it suitеd
thе book of both сlassеs to hold Еuropе by thе еars.
Hе told rnе somе stlangе things that еxplainеd a lot that
had plzz\еd mе_
thingsthat had happеnеd in thе Balkan
War, how onе statе suddеnly сamе out on top, why
allianсеs wеrе madе and brokеn, WhУ сеrtain mеn
disappеarеd, and whеrе thе origins of war сamе from. Thе
aim of thе wholе сonspiraсy was to sеt Russia and Gеrmany
againstеaсhоthеr.I thought for an instant or two' 'Right, I'11rust you' I
bеliеvе yоu,rе straight,but if you arе not, I should warn
you that I'm a handY man with a gun''
Your еaсtions
ln pаirs, isсusshеsе uеst ions.1 Why oyou hink hеmаn аid Ihаppеnt his
momеnto bеdеad'?2 What оуou hinkmadе hеwritеr есidеo rusthе
man?3 Whаt oуou hink appеnsеxtn hе tоrу?4 Whу oуou hink tor iеsikе his re opopu|аr?5 Hоw еа|istiсoуou hink tor iеsikе his rе?6 Doуоuhаvе nу tori еsikе his nуour wn itеraturе?
Whiсh nеs?
l.t,{lЕ ндflill{ЕlTGоDFRЕY ЕARLЕРЕсGY Af}|сRoFт
olRf ,стeDBY
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The troubre vviаIl тv
1 ln smаII roups' isсusshesеquеstionsboutTV.o Howmanу ours f ТVdoyou
wаtсh aсh aу?. Howmаnу Vs oуouhavеn
you homе?. How ftеn rе ou ||owеdo
dесidе hаt rogrаmmеsoUrfаmiIy аtсhеs?
о Doyouhavе ТV nуоur wnroom?
. Whаt oyour nswеrshowаbout hеattitUdеf hеgrouptowаrds atсhingV?
. Сou|dou pеnd monthwithout аtсhingV?Whatwou|doudо nstеаd?
Reading2 skimrеad hе еxtand сhoosе he
best it|е, , b, or с.
a NoТV, oprob|еm?b ТV sbаd oryouс Wе hou|d аtсh еss V
Тitlе:
l сan provе hat hе Сommon fасtor o troub|е-makеrstlс.]-- :. :]s is this:thеy didn,twatсh еnough ТV. Мany prolэlеmswouId hаrе i-.ее- ..оided fpеoplе had spеnt heir imе wаtсhingТV. know this leса'ls= .е.а rather
hеatеd argumеntwith my parеntsabout my ТV habits. , ' . , . .ееrеd ospеnda who|е month withoutТV. Thе lэo ttom inе is tha;:..-..еi пlе intoа far worsе Dеrson.Тhеre arе two things you quiс|<ly otiсе akrout ot watсi-l:l-.:-..,.Т.е iirst sthat еvеryone watсhеs it far morе than thеy admit. Тhе .е- ..: s thаt tgivеs hours of good qua|itуеntertainmеntor Iitt|е ost. С- . -. -.", 'е ongmaintained that ТV dеstroуs hе mind, but l,vе no\\ :1]: .- ' l .-j:.-.. i ihatpеople who havеn.t got a ТV bесome rest|еss, dgr, аi.l; :'i::е.sесJ r'ithtr ivia.I tr iеd keeping a diary оf thе еxpеriment: Daу 1. Lifе ls s- ,.-t,-:.l lеtterwithout ТV. I,m doing so muсh morе, and fееI a lэеttеr ]еr:i-. ' ' . аtlс lsoon....Тhe sесond wееk was just dul l . I fеIts|ightly unl l l . l-.: ] :. -. ' \\,arе
that еveryоneе|sеwas having un whi|е | сouIdn,t l lоr. ' l ."sе,:о с]o o.Going out with fr iеndsalsо got problеmatiс. now rеal isе .:1 :: е]si t\Vo-thirds of сonvеrsations еgin: ,Hеyl Did you sее ... thе ,r i .е. ^iqht?,ofСoUrSе/ hadn,t Peoplе stjrtесl еgardingmе as somе sol1 -.r . .аsе.Thе |owest points of thе month wеre two Еng|anсl-Sсс::"lс;ootbalImatсhеs, оr whiсh Ijoinеd Britаin,s ong-distanсе orrt 'сJ l 'е.s аnсi shopstafi n l istеning o thе radio. Life in Britainсamе to а сol l l l l е.е hа|t hatdаy. l know bесausе l stared out of the window watсhinч -.i.е с:i оf thepopulationhurryinghome to watсh thе matсhes.Тhеn tоtal disaster truсk. got f|u and had to spend а dar' аi i lо:".:lе.еspitеthе thriIlоf сomfоrt ood аnd rеading hе nеwspapеr n bed rl ]tr hе сentralhеatingоn, thеre seemеd nо poini in having a day оtf s iсk i ; .,оu Саn,twatсh ТV. l was bасk аt work the next day.
Тhе last fеw days werе l ike being а'гnul l
.hi ld lэе{orе hristпlas: aсhminutеtoоk twiсе as lоng as the рreсеdingone. Еventuаllr,, l iсinight rept
around, nd, ikе drowniпgman inding ry |and, еарt n froпtoГthе еt ndgrabbеdhе еmоtе ontroI s t l rrаspurеgо|d
I hаd rеaсhеd n oаsisoГ е|еvisuаIelights. nd,oi Сoursе,you,Vеguеssеd t Thеrе was nothing nlеrеsting nl
TоbySсott Thе Сuardian
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MuItipIе-сhoiсeuestionsFirst,еаd hеquеstiоnsnothеoptions).hiswiIl е|pyou o oсus nwhаt o ook or n hе еxt. hеn eаdthе еxt. еxt, obасko hеquеstionsnd еаd || hеoptionsarеfullуndundеr|inеhеparts f hе еxt
whiсh е|p oumake our hoiсе.
3 Sсan hе еxtand сhoosе hеbеst nswеr' ,b, с, or d,toquestions-6.1 Whats hеwritеr uggеstingbout roublеmаkеrsnd
сriminaIsn pаragraph?a Thеy еtmost f hеir dеasromwаtсhingV.b WatсhingV urns hеm nto VеnWorsееop|е.с WatсhingVсouId аvе bеnеfiсiа|ffесt n hеm.d WithoutV hеywou|d аvе othi ngo do.
What oеs it ,rеfеro n pаrаgrаph?
a а TVprogrаmmeb notwatсhingVс thеТV nеwsd bеing vo|untееr
Whiсhwo ommеntsoеshеwritеrmаkе bout V nparagraph?a |VostVprogrammеsppеа|ovеrу еwpеоp|е.b 0n thеwho|е Vprogrаmmеsrееxсе||еntаluе or
monеy.с Pеop|е hoownТVsеts ftеn o notwаtсh hеm
vеrуmuсh'
d Pеop|еpеndmorе imеwаtсhingV han hеy аythеу o.
Whаt id hеwriter еaIisеs imеworе n?a Kееpingdiаrуwasnot sеаsy shеhаd hought.b Hеhаd еwеrr iеndshаn е hought еhаd.с Aftеrhе irst ewdays, is ее|ingsegаno сhangе.d Hewаshаving оrе ntеrеstingonvеrsаtionsith
fr iеnds.
Whаt idhеdowhеn есouIdn'tаtсhhе ооtba||matсhеsn ТV?a Hеdесidеdo spеnd omе imе isit ing a|еs.
b Hеwеnt hoppinghi|е vеrуonеаtсhеdV.с Hесamе сrossomе orrу r ivеrs ho oId imаbоuthеm.
d Hеdisсоvеredhаt есouId istеno hеm n hеrаdo.
Thе totaIdisaster'n pаrаgrаphrеfеrso thе aсt hаtа his IInеssrеvеntеdim om оingo work.b hеhad ost isappеtitеnd ouIdn'tаt nуthing.с hеwаs II ndunаblеowаtсh Vаthomе.d hеwаs nаb|еowоrk есаusееhаd nассidеnt.
Voсabulary4 Sсan hе еxtand indwords hatmean:
1 shоw omеthings ruе pаragrаph)2 prеvеntpаrаgraph)3 say omеthings ruе paragrаph)4 |ook tsomеbodуrsomеthingora Iongimеbeсаusе
you rе ntеrеstеdrsurprisеdpаragraph)5 аttасkuddеn|уpаrаgrаph)6 move uiсk|уparаgrаph)7 tаke omеthinguddеn|yr roughIypаrаgraph)
5 Findphrases'l_5n thе extand сhoosеhе сorrесtеxplanationf theirmeaning' or b.1 thе ommonасtorpаragraph)
a а shаrеd ointb anunimpоrtantoint
2 thеbottominе parаgrаph)а thе еаstmportаntaсt
b the оnсIusionЗ obsеssеdith riviа pаrаgraph)а сonstantlуhinkingbout nimportanthingsb oftеn onsider inghаt s mportаntn Iifе
4 slight lуumb pаragrаph)a rather adb not еаl|уb|е o ее|hings
5 a sad asе pаragrаph)a Somеonеho supsеt bout omethingb somеoneo ееl orrvоr
ТV аnd radio
6 Exp|ainhе meaning f thеsеwords. sеa diсtionarуfnесеssary.
u aеria| сhannе| broаdсastDVD |аyеr.* есordingtudio rеmotеontrol satе||itеV " statiоn.+rаnsmittеrvidеo есordеr
Disсusshe olIowing uеstions.о Howmany iffеrеntуpеs fТVprоgrammеаn ou
think f?
a
a
What inds f ТVprogrammеsoуou onsidеro bеа)еntеrtаining,)usеful,)boring? hy ?Howmuсh dvеrtisings hеrе nTV nуour ountry?Whаt ouId оudо o mprovеVprogrаmmesnуourсo ntrу?
@
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Relative nd noun сlauses
Qtлiсkquiz
1 Сorrесthе mistаkеsn thеsе еntеnсеs.1 This s headvеrtisinggеnсу ho irst dvеrt as osuссеssful.2 London hеrе wаsworkingor wo еаrs аsmаny ood dvеrt is ing
аgеnсiеs.3 This s hеadvеrtisеmеnthat was aIkinяbout.4 Сan ou е|Imеwhеrеs hе tаt ion?5 Dоуouknow fJаmеss hесomingo hеpаrtу?
Whiсh dvertisementeIow ovou hinkis morееffесtivе?Whv?
Read hе eхtand answеr hеquеstions.
1 Тhеquеstionnairеppеаrеdn hеbасkthink t saimеd t?
s*r*en-$r**у*
of a paсkеt f fооd.Whodoуou
Defining nd non-definingelaliveс|auьeь4 Rеad he еxt gai n ndunderIinehe
rеIativeIausеs. hiсh e|ativеIausеs:1 tе|I swhiсh еrson,hing,imе r
p|асеhе pеаkеrs а|kingbout?2 givе xtranformаtion?3 givе ssеntiа|nformation?4 сanbeоmitted?
СompIеtеhе rulеs.Usе ourаnswеrso 4to help ou.
Rules1 Wеusе еfiningеIаt ivе|аusеso alk
abouthеpеrsonr hingn hеmаinс|ausе.hеy ivе information.
2 Wеusе hе еIativеronouns ho,whiсh, hаt,whosе,whеrе, nd whenwith еfiningeIat iveIаusеs.
3 Whеn hе е|аt ivеronounеfеrso hеobjесt f hе еrb t сanbеomittеd.
4 Wеusе on-dеfiningеlat ivе|ausеsоtаIk bouthеpеrsоnr hing n hеmаin lаusе.hеу ivе-informаtion.
5 Wеput ommаs еforеndaftеrhесlаusе. еusе hе еlаt ivеronoUnswho,whiсh,whosе,whеrе' ndwhеnwithnоn-dеfiing е|аt ivеlausеs.
6 Wе аnnoI se hаtwithnon-dеfiningrе|at ivelаusеsndwеСannotmit hеrе|аt ivеronoun.
ln pairs, xpIainhе diffеrenсe еtwеenthеpairs f sentenсеs.sе he ruIеsn 5to hеIp ou.
1 a AI I hе ustomеrshowеrе nvitеdo
thеpromotionесеivеdfrее ift .b Тhе еgu|arUstomеrs,howеrеinvitеdo hеpromotion,есеivеdfrее ift.
2 a Тhе arwhiсh asparkеdn ront fourhousе аsbrightеd.
b Тhе аr, hiсh аsparkеdn ront fourhousе, аs rightеd.
Look t the sеntеnсеsn 6 agаin ndanswerhеquеstions.
1 lnwhiсh еntеnсesou|d e thаt
instеаdf hеpronoun sеd?2 Сanwеomit hе еIati vеronounn anуof thеsеntеnсеs?hу/whуot ?
6
7
2 What оуou hink hеpUrposеf hеquеstionnairеs?
Ouestionnaire@ vou,,,at a pаrtywhe1e omeone ffers oupeaпuls ndсrisps.
Whatdoyousаy.
a
,Notat hc momeПt,hanks.'
ь ,сunl takea haпdfцlormy riвnd?,
".oь good,his s lustwhаt ,vebeвnwaitingor.,
o Y"" visita dеntistwhopoints ut hat ouпoWhavemore illings han eеth.
DoYou:aшakeаfirшresolшtiontоgiveшptakingsugarinyourroffee?.b startшsiпg ,'n;;-i;;;;stitutе, butstit|Ьаvвa hisсuitwithyoшr offee?
с lвel dертessed";;;;k
yiur motьer' ho s a tantastiс ook, omаkeyoua
сhoсolаte akе?
Gl Youarеoп hо oр loorota bui|ding' oш eed o godowп о hegroundloor'
- but he iftdoesn't omе orages.Doyou:
a tаkв hestairs?
b vvait 5miпшtвsora lift hаt oukпow snt going oсomе? .
с pretendou.le ll andwаit forsomeoneocomeandhelpyou?
o you,neighbour.hosedogyouadоrе. sksyoшo eхerсise hepet.Doyou:
vu--no to.r two.kilometre alk thrоughhерark?
h ieаve heanimal o run oundhegardeп y tself?
с throwa stiскoш ы thewindowandsettledowп owatсhTV?
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Noun c|auьoь ь ьubieс|. nd obioс|8 Whiсh oun |ausеn tal iсss hеsubjесt ndwhiсh hе
objeсt f thеvеrb n themain Iause?1 l,vеheard hаtSuе sgettingmаrriеd.2 Whаt ouarе еlling е suntruе.
9 Matсh hrаsеsl_5to phrasеs-е to makе еntеnсеs ith
a noun |ause.] I havе o dеа2 What hе еасhеrssuggеsttng3 Whаt hеу skеdmе о dо4 Hаvе оunotiсеd5 Wеoftеnеar
a wilI еlо s n hееxаm.b thаt еop|еftеn uуusеlеsshings?с whаtwеknow othingbout.d wаs оmоIеtеlvnrеasonаbIе.е what ou rе alking bout.
Noun с|auьoь f|.erndireсtquo6t.on510 Look t еxamp|es_сandanswеr uеst ions_3.
a Doyouknowwhеrеhеbank s?b Саn ou е||mе f N4аggiеsЕng|ish?с Саn оu е||mеhow | d hе s?
1 What oyounotiсе bouthе еrb n hе irst аrt fеасh uеstion?
2 What oyounоtiсе bouthе еrbn hе есond art fеасh uеstiоn?
3 Whаt ords o WеUsеo ntroduсеsесоnduеst ion
whеn hеrеs nоquеstion ord whеrе,owold,whаt,when, Iс.)?
11 Rеwritehеse uestionssing hewords ivеn.
1 Whеrе oеsMaggiеo o sсhool?Doуouknow ..
2 Whаt s hеpoрulationi lrеland?Сan ou е||mе ..Has уlviа honеd?Doуouknow ..Did \4аnсhеstеrnitеd in hеmatсh?Doyouknow ..
DidN/arkuу nybrеаd?Did ounotiсе...Hоw id hеу rаvеIo Kеnуа?Doyouknow ..
Let'saсtivatеAdvоrtisingloganв
12 Ingroups,ead hеadvеrt is ing|ogansndanswеrhеquestions.1 Whаt rе hе logansdvеrt is ing?2 How uссеssfuIoуou hink hеymight е n аttraсting
attеntion?3 Whаts hеbеst dvеrtоuhаvе vеr ееn? hу idyouIikеt?
It's he obaссohatсountsulll iiii:::,,,,.,,r,,::l*:::l::U,,::rr,.,ittii:itl :::llalilliill
:"::l:::::tirrr::r'
ltII
I
Th.сar that hinks tЪa planе ]
The rainers athletesPreferl i.rlllll::l:litt":'llt:.r:.:,u:lrllll:ll'lliiiit:
..'.ж1{ ],.i*.]]]l]1]].'dii|ii]:::::l**llll:'''''.......'..]]'.i,iii:::.:::l]].],]'l9l,|lli.:i]::]::.]i'l]i]].:
Тhe rink veryоneЪalkingbout ti.
Thе аnd оu'vе 1l ееnwaitingоr ..,3;:n*i{ 1 llli:t.,rrr,***tg11gil1',,,,,,1;;l.ili 'l:ltr'l:""', ',,'." --..,.,.;:liill"tr r':'::':.1t'f*"
I
,l3 сhoоsе hrееproduсts ou Iikе ndwritе logansor hemIikе hose n 12.
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TIlеIDСDwerof
tlte lDressLook t thеpiсturе.Whаt oеs t show?
Ingroups' sе hese deаs o find outabout ourpartnеrs'еading аbits.. how ftеn rеаdmаgаzinеsr nеWspapеrs. namе f mаgаzinеsr nеWspаpеrs
typе fart iс|еsfаvouritеесtionmost oringeсt ion
Listening
MultipIe atсhingRеаd uiсk|уhroughасh tеm orеaсh iffеrеntspеakеr.nсе ouhаvе hosеn nanswеrndаrе аir|yсеrtаint sсorrесt,ut hеnumbеr f hе pеаkеrеxtto hаt оtion.
3 o6Jl.l Youarеgoing o heаr ivе ournаIistsаlking
аbout he uturе f the nеwsmеdiа.Rеad hroughstatements-j. Тhеn isten nd сhoosе hе wostatementsaсh peakermakеs.Writе heappropriаtе|еttеrn еaсhbox1_10. hеrе s аn еxamplе t thеbeginning.а |Vany еws itеs n hеNеt rеmuсh еss еtаiIеdhаn
papеrsndmаgаzinеs.b In hеnеxt есаdе,hеNеtwi||nсrеаsеn mportanсе.с |nformаtionssomеtimеsеry iff iсuIto indon hе
lntеrnеt.peаKord ТhеNеtwil| dd o,notbеа substitutеor' hеnеwsn
magаzinеsndpаpers.
е Traditiоnа|еwspаpеrsndmagаzinеsi|| есоmеmorе mportant.
f Pеop|ееad hеir аi|у еws t brеakfаstr on hеwa yIO WOTK.
g Тraditionа|еwspapеrsndmagazinеsiIl otdisаppеаrn hеnеxt есаdе.
h PеopIeon't rustmanу ntеrnеtitеs.i Whеn hе ntеrnеttаrts roаdсаstingеlеvision
progrаmmеs,hеnаturе f hеWеbwiIl hаngеfundamеntalIy.
j Rеаdinghеnеws n а сompUtеrсrееns |еss njoyаb|е
thаn еаdingt n а nеwspаpеr.
Sen1
2
a
a
a
First tatemеnt Sесond tatеmеntSpеаkеr Jеssiсаеemаn 1 |aSpеakеr JohnWoodсoсk З ПSpеakеr Сhris ampbе|| 5 гSpеаker4 iсhаrdoIеburn 7Spеа|'еr Jonti mal| 9
4 Now istеn gain ndсhесk ouranswers.
2Г141. i1r)
BП10 l
Pronu сiationUsing 6tr965for mоaning
5 o6|а.zRеad hе sеntenсe e|oщ nd Iisteno it bеingsaid n fivеdifferеnt avs.Mаtсh ers ions _5 o thеirmеanings _е.I don't pеnd ours urfinghеNеt ornеws.a l '] but do hаvеhеoссаsiоnаlookb i l but dospеnd Iongimе ookingthroughhеpаpеrsс ] butmусoIIеаguеso
d ПbutIсouldе Ш but do orothеrnformation
6 ln pairs, еadout sentеnсеs and2 in wаys hatsupportmеаnings _е.1 | hinkmаgаzinеsilI t iII еpopu|arn 10yеars't imе.
a butnеWspapеrson'tb butnotnесеssariIyftеrhаtс butnotnесеssаriIymportаntd butmy riеndson'tе but dоn't now
2 |n hе uturе, hink rаdit ionа|аgazinеsilI есоmе
morе е|еvаnt.a not еsSb nоtnеw-stуlеаgаzinеsс butmyсoIlеaguеson'td butnotnowе but 'mnot urе
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Speakingitimuluз-baьed diьсuььion
7 ln pairs, skandanswеr uestionsbout hеstimuIusbе|ow.. Whаtshappеning/hаsаppеnеd?. Who s/wasnvolvеd?
. Whаt o hеhеаdIinеndopinion o||еsu|tsuggеst?. Doyou hink hе еsu|tf hеpoII ould е hе аmеnvour ountrv?
о Howmuсh f what ou еаd ovoube|iеvе?
Government accuses :lpressof distortion.
Ё.fi;*
i
8 Nowgivе ourprеsеntаtiono yourgroup.
Disсussion9 6)o., ln groups, есidеwhаt ou hink sthеbеstway
to Iеarn boutwhat s happeningn thеwor|d. sе hеdia|oguеox o hеlp ou. hink bout:
thеdiffеrеnсееtwееnееing oving iсturеsndphotоgrаphs.
thеamount f nformationivеnn а rаdiо rТVnеwsitеm nd n a magаzinеr nеWspapеrrt iсlе.thе imеbusy еopIeavе o indoutwhаt's аppеningin hеwоrld.how uiсktуituаtionsаn hаngе.
Spеаkingo an аudiеnсеLook irесt lуtуoUr udiеnсе.\/аintаiningуе ontасtwiII еlp oU ommUniсаtеourmеssаgеndholdpеop|е'sntеrеst.RеfеroуoUr otеs utdonot еаdhеm ut.
Тakе dееp rеаth nd rу o projесtour oiсе o hаtyour udiеnсеаnhеаr ou lеar|y.
Government press Neitherr\п 17o/o 25% 5g%Females 14% 26% 60"Ь
20% 25% 55%
f,Е
t+I
Agrееingnd disagrеeing
A Тhе еаI iffеrеnсееtwееnVand adio еwss hеоi tu еs.
B l сouldn,t greewithуoumore Butаftеr whilе,еvеn hеpiсturеson'tmаkеmuсh mprеssionnуоu.
А Aсtuаllу,,m not sure f l аgreеwith hat.Тhеу аnbеquitе psеtt ingt imеs'
B Youhаvе point hеrе иtsomеtimеsou еe hеsаmе hing omаnу imeshаt ou ust top аkingаnуnotiсе.
А Truе.
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1a
A sсrтoortrfioWhat indof tripsdo studеntsomеtimеsoon?
HowusefuIoyou hink tudentr ips rе?
Studyinghe sampleUndоrstandinghо asK3 Rеad hе ехts.gnorе hegaps.
1 Whiсh rt iс|еsаbоut:a а studvriоаbroаd? аn еduсationalis it?
2 Whiсh rt iсlе oуou hink as ееnwrittеn y:a а tеасhеr? b a studеnt?
а.memberountryf he ffiсiаl ffi * t , G4 AIl n а||
a аt hееndb tаking vеrуthingntо
сonsierаt io
5 Withoutoubta сеrtainIyb hеsitantIy
6 Apаrt omа еxсеptorb inа di[[еrеntirесt ion
Unitedations,hiсht ' tr.l.ir. ffifu;-'.*u=-l;#
Woodsideаrk сhйrepresentedamoа'he tudent ffirepresentativessetof ftheir elegat ion.' estаbiishedheninр;;,;:;^̂ ,.- ,forhe,.o
tr'.*1.кТpiffН''':fl.ff ::ж,T::l.ost f hedelegates.' , аtt ltuoents made ew i.r iendsnd heevenings.* o.й'.jЪn., l.. 'utosoсiaIising...--..--.--.-theсomments аdebymostof hestudents0
'i wonderfulimewаshadbvall ]. '
Ф
.:].].|'':i...l..l.::,.;i.....:..:,.il]]]]i'i]].]]]]]..]..r:..].],::::':]|l:::i]]:]]i:]l]::..l''........'.''...'','.'............,,,.,.]ii
Writе bout trip of yourown.Writе еntеnсеsеginningwith hеwords l_6in 6.
Annuol trip to the Sсie nce Nluseum
0nFebruaryth,hewhole four ear
travelledyсoaсho heSсienсe
Museum.heFlight alleryf he
museumontainsomempressive
full-sizedirсrаft,he eсrets fa
fl ight ox eсorderndwhatwa s
' _=- thestudents,аvourite
exhibit thеamazing|ightimu|ator l
experienсe.heSeсret
Life f he .'Home'GallerYlso ad ome ood iinterасtiveemonstrationsfщ interасtIve0emonsl la l lu| lьUl
i :
te|evisionsndCDplаyers.,-,itwasa very,enioyablei:
;;'';"-- й.nоinghrеend h.lfh.,Y]':l''.l]:
l.lio**on iams'London rаff iс ams'o
-,our сoa0n0l0пU ]::
сomputerisedrаffiсysйl 0n he 1yho*:..y^1а]ltartedli
i . . 'o.r, l. eaсhers:WhereareWegoing ext eаr?,
5|v|oDЕL UN tтЕD NAг,oNs (|v| N) сoNFЕRЕNсЕ
lnJаnuaryveryear,ver 000 ж**-*. . i
LooKing t сontоnt оtail4 Rеаd hе ехts gain.Whathappеnеd n thе wo rips?
Howdo thеwritеrs еeI bout hеm?
Stеps o bettеrwriting
СompIetеhе еxts n 3 With hesеwords ndphrasеs.
ассordingo а||n а|l аpartrom in high pir its
nеvеrthеlеss n hеir еturn thе irst ау this еаrunfortunatе|у ithout oubt
Сhoosеhесorrесtmеaning f thеsеwords.
The rightшord
iжli.*..J1*fl;i1.H,ffi1 Aссоrdingo
а in mitat ionfb asstаtеd r
rеportеdу
2 Unfortuatе|уa unIuсkiIyb hopеlеss|у
3 Nеvеrthе|еssa howеvеrb not tа|I
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Цsingdifforant оrbв o giva nformation8 Explainhеmеaning f thеsе ords. sе diсt ionаryf
nесеssary.
асhiеvе аIIoсаtеapp|у dеvotе еnсouragе
еstаblishgаthеr mаintain rеprеsеnt еIесt
9 СompIеteеntеnсеs-8 with hе сorrесtormof one of
thеvеrbs n 8 abovе.] |V]orеhan 000 tudеnts in hеHаguеor he
сonfеrеnсеastmonth.2 Thе tudеnts еrе by hеir еасhеrsor hе rip
to hеHaguе.3 Evеrytudеntn hе сhoo|еar togoon hе
trl .4 Еaсh сhoo| thеmembеr f hеUnitеd at ions
it hаdbееn5 ThеUNwаs aftеrhеSесond orldWar n 1945
to intеrnatiоnaIеасеnd есuritу.
6 Studеntsrе to аkе art n disсussionst hесo fеrеnсе.Еaсh aywа sAt heеndof hе onfеrеnсе,tudеntsеlt hat hеy аd
а grеаt еа|.
Quotingdireс|. PooLh1ff Undеrlinehесorrесtnformаtiono сompIеtehе
sеntеnсes.] Wеusе сommа/сoloлo ntroduсеirесt pеесh hеn
Wе rе еport in8quotаlion.
2 Wеusе сommа/сoloлo ntroduсеirесt pеесh еforеorаftеr rеportingеrb.
Puta сommа r a сo|on ndspеесhmаrks n thе сorrесtpIaсen thеsе еntеnсes.1 ТhisWаs nеof mуgrаndfathеr,sаvouritеауingst's
nеVеroo atеo Iеarnl2 Evеrуimе sawmуgrаndfathеr,eаskеdmеHаvе ou
gota boуfriеnd?3 Timе |iеsmуgrаndfathеrsеd o sаy.
Reаd hе еxtаndput n theсorrесt unсtuationf thedirесt pеесh.
toa diffеrеntopiс ordisсussion.
an rvrntPlanning
,l3 youarеgoing owritea dеsсriptionf an event 200_250words). eсidеwhat t isgoing o bе about. hooseromonеof thеsе opiсs:. A studУrip tudеntsаvе ееn n. A сonfеrеnсеtudеntsаvе аken art n. A p|ау tudеntsаvе rittеnndpеrformеd
Ц|riting,l4 writeyourdеsсription.ivе s muсh nformations
possibIe.se hesе dеas o hе|p ou.. Whаt appеnеd. Whowas nvo|vеdо Whаt еоpIеaid boutt. Whеrеiwhen/whуt happеnеd
LheсYlng
1 5 сhесk hаtyouhavе:. dеsсr ibеdhat аppеnеd. usеd hе оrrесtunсtuаtion. inсludеdomе musingnformationrpеrsonaloints
ofviеw. writtеnhе right mount 200-250 ords).
l{riting your dеsсriptionof *:.]
f
7
8
т1
12
A formerWoodsideark tudent,ogerMorton' aswritten1
book'Neve.r1v.Goo.dbue;-
whiсhisab0utt0beшгnedintоamaiorfeaturef i lm,lha.dwrittenaс0Upleofсhaрtersаtsсhool iustforfunsaysRoger,22,ofHi l lсourtRoad,London.lсameoutofuniversityandended pwith ob didn'tWant iust oearnmoneY oger хрlain-ed.fter ixmоnths,'d
savеdenoughmoneytogotoAustral ia 'Whi leheWasthere,*o:..^:.:,,n.dwгit inghisf irstproрerotes n,.,uo* jo,o.,.Rogeraid lustthough'uo.un.::u1:,:l.^'::::,.::"' .-
сhаptersandIeft i tatthat.Now,Roger.sbookisabouttomakeittоtheсiпemasсreen.
Timingour
writingln аn еxam оuоnIY аvе Iimitеdimе оwritе асhtаsk. rу iming oursе|fhеnеvеroupraсt isеr it ingpаrtiсulаrаsk o sееhоw onghеwho|е rосеssakеs.
:,,,1r1ilttr, .tr,rl3il8 i"9?:llr'rsi31i:li1|ri{*llgi'il rsi:i*ig'i}{{legi{i1*;?8991
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Dоfining nd non.dafiningalativs |auьeь1 Undеrlinehe rеlаtivе Iausesn sentеnсеs-6.Whiсh re
dеfining ndwhiсh rеnon-dеfining?1 Thаt'shеDVD |ауеrhаt wаnt o buу.2 Friеnds,hiсhson еVеry hursdаy,sа pоpulаr
Ameriсаnhow.3 |\4у othеr, ho s a TVprоduсеr,orks еry ong ours.4 thеphоto, hiсhwаs akеn у N4ап ау, as old оr
thousandsf pounds.
5 lsn't hat hеvidеo hоpwhеrе ouusеd o wоrk?6 Mуbrothеr,hо sаn aсtor,ivеsn London.
2 Undеr|inеhесorreсt ords o сompIеtеhе sеntenсes..l Hеrе'shеbook hаt/who/whosetoldуouаbоut.2 Тhаt's hе mаnwho/whiсh/whoseаs rrеstеd.3 Тhе ans, hаt/who/whеnаdbeеnwаitingorhours,
fina||y еt hеТVstаr'4 Poliсе rе ookingоra womanwhiсh/who/whosе
briеfсаsеаs ound t hеairpоrt.5 |s hаt hе еstаurаnIhiсh/whеrе/th,rеWеnt oon
my birthday?6 Septеmbеr,hiсh/whеn/thаtwenI n hoIidау,as
wоnderful onth.7 Franсewaswhеrе/whiсh/thаthеymаdе hе i|m.B Thеуеar2001,whiсh/whеn/thоtas busу nе оr me,
wаswhеn mеtAIеxСompIеtеhе sentеnсеs ithа rе|ativе ronoun.n whiсhsеntenсеsanyouomit hеrеIative ronoun?
1 Thеrе,shеgir| l wаs еl|ingou bout.2 Тhеbook, l 'vе |mostinishеd,sbyStеphеn
Klng.3 Arе hеy hеpеop|е wе mеt astwееkеnd?4 N4у otorbikе, isvеrу ld, rokе оwn n hе
moTorway.5 Hаve ou ееn hе еathеraсkеt- Annе ought?6 Evеrуonеemеmbеrshееvеning wе аw hе
Сamеron iaz i|m.Combinеhе nformationn sеntеnсes_4with ha t na-d to writе еntеnсеsith rе|ativеIauses.1 Тhе еstаurаntsverV x0еnsivе.2 Diсkеns rotеОliver wist.3 Тhеmoviеwаs grеаt uсСеss.4 This s hе оuntry ousе.
a Iwаsborn hеrе.b Hе ivеdn LondonormаnV eаrs.с It sа favouritеith е|еbrit iеs.d Itwаs i|mеdn Arяеntina.
Noun с|auьoь a5 subj9сt and objoсt
5 Сombinеhese еntеnсessing oun |ausеs'
Ехаmplesho wаntad o buу eamotl'ling'f wаs ooeхpensive.Whаt ha wаntrd o bwу vlds ao ехponsivo,
,l Yоu rеgоing LiТоt. l lеlt .hеrе.knоlv hеrе-l knоt l '.
2 Jаdе o{сjl lе оmеthing.don't еl iеvеt.
ldon.t еl iеtе...3 Yоu rе uggеstingоmеthing.t,s gooddеа.
Whаt4 Pеoрlе rеoftеn orеd y omething.t's hаt hеу
wаtсh nТV.Pеорlе.,
5 Pеoplеovе |ауingomputеrаmеs.undеrstаndhуl undеrstаnd..
6 Yоu'rе ngrу bout omеthing.don't nowwhаt.ldon't now...
7 l'vе еаrd omе еws. urnеighboursrеmovinghоusе.l Vе .. .
8 Mаrk s е|l ingаm omеthing.t's ntеrеsting.Whаt .
Noun с|auьeь ftоr ndirgсtquоstionь6 Rеwritеhеsе uеstionssing hе words iven.
1 Whеrе'shеpost ffiсе?Dоуоuknow ..
2 Arе ougоing n ho|idаyеxtmоnth?Саn ou е|lmе ..?
3 Who s hatman?
Doуоuknow ..4 Did \4аrkоme o themееting?
Did ounоtiсе...5 Howmuсh s his асkеt?
Саn ou е|Imе ..
4
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Reading7 Sсan hе ехtand ind hе аnswеrso thеquеstions.
1 Dostudеntsho hаrе housе ndhavе V etsn hеir эеdrооmsaсh ееdthеir wnТV iсеnсе?
2 Do tudеntsho еnt еоаratеoоmsn а housе асh ееd hеir wnТV iсеnсе?З Do tudеntshosе аrеntsavе ТV iсеnсеееd thеir wnТV iсеnсе?
4 Howmuсh s hе inе оrnothaving ТV iсеnсеfyounееd nе?5 Howmuсh oеs со|our V iсеnсеost?6 doyounееd ТV iсеnсеo rесord Vprogrammеsnyour idеo есordеr?7 Сan oU аy or our V iсеnсеnIinе?B How ongsa TV iсеnсеаlid or?9 Who ualif iеsorа rеfund?
' l0 Whеrе an oU indmоrеnformаtion?
ф ъте1соrтrев ТV Liс*nsing
Listening8 ,o.1Jl'+Youаrеgoing o hеаr ivе
journaIistsaIkingbout hе utureof thenewsmediа.Rеad hroughstatеments_h.Thеn istеn ndсhoosе hе wostаtеmеntsасhspeakermakes.
а Soap pеrаs аkе t eаsiеrоrtееnagerso а|k bout hеirprob|еms.
b Soap pеrаs suаlIyеа| ithrеalist iсituаtions.
с Brit ishееnаgеrsаvе iсkеd pАmеriсanxprеssionsrоm оapopеras.
d Soаp pеrаs е|po еduсatеtееnаgеrsbout hаt s rightаndwhat swrong'
е Somе oаp pеrasould аvеnеgаtiveffeсt n pеoplе.f Тееnаgеrsrеfеrowаtсh oаp
opеrаs аdе оraduItsathеrthаn hi|drеn'srogrаmmеs.
g N,4orеVсhаnnеlsou|dmеаnpoorеr rogrаmmеS.
h Soap pеras е|p еopIееа|withdiffi u tсirсu stаnсеs.
First Sесоndstatеmеnt stаtеmеnt
Speakеr П ПSpеakеr . ПSpеakеr П ПSpеakеr . П
Writing9 Сhoose ne of the itlеs ndwrite
а short isсussionssay about 00words). sе he ormbе|ow omаkе plan.
1 Dоуou hink hеrеs oomuсh
vio|еnсеnTV?2 Doyou hink oomuсh е|еvisionisbаd oryou?
/ттtrodlсctlotъ:
Poi*tз for:
Рoitъts ogoittst:
Оoтъc/цsio*:
,g1; il lfl t"',',,,,,,-,.,r*1. {:l :.:3rr ll?i r"1'rilrrrrf:'''-"".t' l}?:isa
€D
;i
:i
*
фЕа.k i i:r i
qъRеfrеsh
ф; ff i ff igFl*fiA ] з.ij-l,: i]li Ргint tr4ait
-
{$ i.*е нo* г"g* ф д.-рь * AрAl€ :цFрflft {* яррie ttоге *l "** Ф l.{яе os Х ф i"iйrqЁGtl i;{а.тоFi
il
ti
tr
tr Fl l f :Ёt .{Ё: l*{iф
IntAгnеtЕone
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Varbэшithdiffоrе.nt aаnings1 СompIеtеhеpairsof sеntenсеs ith hе сorreсtormof
oneof thеse еrbs. hеnmatсh hеvеrbs o thе mеаningsa-h.
" avoidg maintain provе strikе
1 a In1926,оhnLоgiе аird that оu ouIdtransmitiсturеsy adiо.
b Watсhingеlеvisionаs tо beonеоfourmost opu|аrаstimеs.
2 a |fУоuwant o* bаdhеadасhеs,аtсh еss V]b Brаd idn,t o o hе inеmа. еwantеdo
Phоеbе.3 a Thе rmу аthеrеdеhindhehi||,
b Althoughhе Iimbеr bуаwаsn't аdlуnjurеd.
fа|l ingoсk' е
4 a Тhеpsyсhologist thаt oоmuсh еIеvisionwаs ad or our еа|th.
b Тhеhоusеs vеrу xpеnsiveo
a kееp ngood ondit ionb say оmеthings ruес prеVеntd kееp wау romе show оmethings ruеf hit omеthing
g turn ut o bеh attасkuddеnlу
Nowьpapers2 Matсh hеsеwords ndphraseso theirdefinitionsl_8.
lf neсessary,hесk ouranswеrsn a diсtionary.
* broаdshееt" сoIumnistеditor ia|fеаturеu fоrеignоrrеspondеntgossipolumn" heаdIinеu tabloid
1 а nеwspаpеrith maIIagеs,hort rtiсlesnd ots fpiсturеsndgossip
2 а nеwspаpеrith аrgе аgеshаt еals ith еriousnеws toriеs
3 thе it|е f а nеwspаpеrrt iс|е4 an artiс|еn а newspаpе rrittеn y hehеаd f hе
nеWspapеrthе ditоr)5 a spесiа|rt iс|еn nеWspаpеrsrmаgаzinеsbout
pаrtiсu|аropiс6 part f а newspapеrherе ouсаn еаd bout amous
pеоp|е.sr ivаtеivеs7 a 1ourпa|istho еports n еVеntsnothеr ountriеs8 a journа|isthowritеsеguIаrrt iсlеsorа mаgаzinеr
nеWspаper
3 Nowсomp|еtеhеse еntеnсеsithonе of thеwords rphrasеsn 2.
1 Thе ил sа typiСaIаbloid еWspapеr.ts is uIIof се|еlэr itуtоr iеs.
2 My istеrsa - forVoguе.hеwritеsor hеmagazinеvеrуmonth.
3 Whеn ook t hе | а|rеаdynowf |'mintеrеstеdnthеart iс|еr not.
4 |prеfеro rеаd rаtherhаn roadsheеtnеWSpаpеrs.hеу'rе orе ntеrtаining.
5 Thе in hisnewspаpеr|wаysupportshеgovеrn еnI.
6 Robеrtsа - tor Тhе imеs.1e rаvе|sll ovеr hе
wоr|do rеport ndiffеrеntVеnts.7 | buy hеSundаy еWsраpеror ts on аshion.
T\,lvrogrammeь4 Lookat thеdiffеrеnt hings hatare broadсast n British
tе|evision. atсh hеprogrаmmееsсriptions_8 o thеtypeof programmе_h.1 Quеstionimе: studioudiеnсеUtshеir uеstionso
|еаdingolit iсians.2 Сomе lуWithМе..iveсoup|еsight t out оrа drеаm
hoIidаvnТokvo.Wаlking ithDinosаurs:fasсinаtingnsightnto ifеоn
Еarthn prеhistor iсimеs.ЕоstЕndеrs..ot s surorisеdhеnNiсk еturnso AlbеrtSquаrе,nd an,s mbit iousnvеstmеntIansnd nd sаppointmеnt.
5 Wееkеnd4..Theatеst еws ndwеаthеr.|us prеviеwof hеwееkеnd'sport'
abсd
Pаrkinson..\4iсhaеlarkinsonrееtsnd mееts ritish0|уmpiсhampions.Top f hеPops:hе biggеst its om hiswееk's оp20,with ivе еrformanсеs.Grаndstаndinаl сorе..hесkhе inal сorеsomingn
frоm roundhеgrоunds.musiс rogrammе е quiz howСUrrеntffairs rogrаmmе f nеws roadсаstсhat how g sports rogrammеsoаl] pеrа h doсu еntarу
rеadуо
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4
5
Rеаd he textаnd сomр|еtе hе notеs.
1 |Vаln аrеntаl onСеrl l
2 HoursBrit ish hiIdгеnpепсlratсhing V pеrdaу:
3 Numbеr f hours hi сl еn isеthеmеdiа еr ay:
гr ssmost:4еdiumor:ng lеоplеlоLl сl
Сutоff аgе oг rеstr iсt iоtlsv pаrеПts еdia sаgе
67
I
9
Тimеоf thе brоаdсаstinglvatеrshеd'*
N4оstеgаtlvеspесt t hе ntеrnеtPеop|е ho аpprесlatе ooks:
Pаrtp|ауеd v musiс n tееnаgеrs,ivеs
*whеn du|t rogrаmmеstarto bеshownn hееvеning
l '
YtэшrъEe€рle*newmedlaA fasсinatingaссount of leisurе ime and mediа use bу
сhi ldren аnd the сonсеrns of their parеnts has bеen
published.
Parental conсerns
Parentsаre сonсerned or thеir сhi ldrenЪ afety outside
the home while young people hemsetves ay there s not
enough to do in the area where they live. As a rеsult,
u"""й o""o|e in the UK аre muсh more l ikely to. bе
*u*"йng televis ionor playingсomputergamеs than their
оontinentаl ountеrpafts.
Sсreen entertainment dominates
Тhe study looks at the usе of ТV, video, books, сomputer
gamеs,musiс аnd personal omputers. t f inds hаtyoung
peopte use thе media for around five hours eaсh day.
Тetеvisionoссupiеs аbout hаlf of this timе аnd is the
mediumwhiсh young peop|e would miss most, '
onсe сhi ldren have rеaсhed their ear|y teens many
parents сonsider it imprасtiсable for them to attem.pt
гestr iсt ions n media use in thе home.Тhеy rely on the
good judgеment of broаdсаstersand media regu|ators.
Тhis is partiоulаrly mportant to them in relation totе|evision. ighty-two еr сеnt hink he watеrshеdа ,Vеry
good idea, and 25ok onsidеr it should be ten p.m. rather
than ninе p.m,
Тhe lnternet. a twenty-first GentЦry pen.рal
The lnternet inspires both posit ive аnd negative
аssoсiations or the young. The most posit ive being a
means of I inkingBritainwith other сountries. nabl ing a
lir
iIi:.
newkindof pen-palelat ionship,1m inins*n:.o'"u'у:.::
of ongdistаnсeommuniсation ith he mmediасy f he
i"r"pi.Ъn"'тhemajordownsides theсost.
The deсline of books
Тhe ptaсeof books in уoung peop|eЪ ives is сhanging,
threatenеd both by lT аs а sourсe of information and
te|еvisionas a sourсe of narrative.Тhosewho hаve aссess
to a PC are twiсe аs likely to use that as a sourсe of
informаtion han turn to a book.Books аre not trendy; hey
arе the sort of thing ,your pаrentsapprovеof,'
Musiс' mцsiс, musiс
Тhеre s almostuniversa| ссess o аudio equipment n thе
home. The mode of dеl ivеry is of l i tt le сonsequenсe,
сontеnt s king.Musiс plаys an important ole n сhi ldren,s
and, espeсialIy,eenаgers, ivеs. lilri1:
Таlking bout ourсountry
... ln pаirs r groups' isсusshе oIIowinguеstions.. What oуou hink rе hеmаin аrеnta|onСеrnsn
уour ountry?. Whаts hеrеor oung еop|еo dowhеrе ou ivе?r Howmuсh roаdсastingndmеdiа еgu|аtions
thеrеnyour oUntry?s hеrе n еvеning atеrshеdtlmе?
. Whаt sе oyoung еop|е аkе f hе ntеrnеt?о Whаt lасе o books avеn hе ivеs fуour
f iеnds?. Whаt olе oеsmusiс |aу monghе oung еop|е
уouknow?
Ф
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GrammarСompletehese entenсеsеsсribingrеsеnt аbits sing
theсorrесt ormof thеverb n braсkets:rеsentimplе'will,or аlwауs+ prеsent ontinuous.1 Dаd- (danсе)ith vеrуonеhеnWе o opart iеs.
It,s еry mbarrassing.2 I,m irеd f hе amе ld out ine.verу aу - (gеt)
Up, (go)osсhoo|,hеn (сomе)omе nd- (do)mуhomеwork
3 \4у oungеrrothеr- (borrow)yСDs t еa||уannoys е.
4 - (you/go)o hе inеmа vеry аturdаyvеning?5 N/o|lу (tа|k)|| hе imеwhilе ,m istеningo
musiс' t .s еrу nnoуing.6 N4y еst riеnd- (ask) е o hе|p еrwithhеrhomеwork.don'twаnt оbut t,s iff iсuIto rеfusе
СompIetеhesе entеnсеsеsсribingаsthabits. seusеdto,or wouldwhеrеver ossib|е. orе hаnonеаnswеrmaуbe (orrесt.,l Whеnеvеrwаson holidаy,- (get p) vеrу
morningtmidday.2 Whеn wаs сhi|d't
duringummеr.(bе)unny vеrу аy
3 0ur Mаthsеaсhеr- (givе)ong,omp|iсаtеdеxp|аnationshat oonеundеrstood.
4 Еvеrуimеmy аthеr еft hеhousе, е-.(forgеt)his ront oor еуs .
5 A boy nour Iаssast еar (arr ivе)аtеorIеssonsvеrymorning.
Сombinehesе airsof sеntеnсеso makеonеsеntenсеusing dеfining r non-dеfininge|аt ivеIausеndasuitаb|еronoun.1 Thiswatсhwаs birthdауrеsеnt.4y oyfriеndavеmе
thewatсh.2 Тhе сhooI аs vеr ,000 tudеnts.y istеr oеsо hаt
sсnoo.Pеtеrs15yеаrs Id. еtе/sathеrs n аdvеrtising'I boughthеsе ooksn Pаris.hеbooks rе ery Id.Thаt s hе pоrts|ub.thаs n0lympiс wimmingpool.|\4уеw rеssspalе |uе.boughtt na salе.ТhеhotеIn Budapеst аsеxpеnsivе.е tayеdhеrе.Mуnеighboursvеry iсе. \/yеighbourе|pеd е nthеgаrdеn.
4 Matсh hеbеginnings-5 o thееndings_e o makе nеsеntеnсeontainingnoun Iausе sa subjeсt r objесt.
1 | rеаl|уеgrеt .2 whаt ouarе ryingo еxp|аin..3 Sam as ound uL ..4 hаvе ouеVеr ot iсеd..5 what еoоlеhink ..
... hаt hе kу ssobеautifuInwintеr
...whаt sаid оуоu еstеrday
...whаt ou rеpIаnningogivе im orhisbirthdaу
... ssomеtimesiffеrеntromwhаt hеy aу
... mаkеs osеnsе talI o mе
Сombinеhеsе еntеnсеso makе oun Iausеs.
1 Youwant ogoskiing.don't nowwhy.2 l\4уr iеndsаvе onе omеwhеrе.don,t nowwhеrеt
is.3 Тhеу skеd s odosomеthing.twаs o сomp|еtе
оuеst ionnairе.4 Somеоnееft еhindhеir iсt ionаrv.don,t nowwhо
rIwas.I putmуglassеsomеwhеre.rеmеmbеrhеrе.Pеtеrsupsеt bout is xam еsu|ts.undеrstandhy.
СompIеtehe sеntenсes ith hе сorreсt rеposition.
=as::. in-
of :.on....tо with
1 Тhеrе'sopoint watсhingV ust оr hе akеof t.Why on't ou еаd book nstеаd?
2 ranуa tаrеd ut thесаf6window.twаs9o'с|oсkndPеtеr t iII аdn,turnеd p.
3 Тhе moUnt f vio|еnсеnТVсouId avе nеgativееffесt- сhi|drеn.
4 Gаmе howsеа|lуon't ppеа| mе. hеу'rеoftеn oring ndprеdiсtаblе.
5 Iwou|dn'tеgard ysеlf a TVаddiсt,on|ywаtсh еlеvisionor wohours day.
6 l\4yrothеrs rеа||ybsеssеd p|аyingomputеrgаmеs.
abсdе
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VoсabularyСomp|еtеhеsеntеnсеsith hесorrесtormof thеwords n braсkеts.1 Аftеr sеVеrеroughtnAfr iса.hоL;s;гсlsf pеоplе
wеrе еpеndеntn ntеrnаt iоnahaгit iеsоr(suvivе).
2 Tinа есidеdo mаkе month-
сOntr ibUtе)tohесharitу r iеndsf hеЕarth.
3 Nowadауshеrе rеmаnt' ndаtlgеrеdpесiеshat rеon hеbrink f (ехt inсt ' .
4 Тhе nсrеasеn аir iрo|lutе)еаnshаt |obаlwarming i|| ont inuеogеtWorsе.
5 Somе еоplеhink t 's ruе|o kееp iId nimаlsn
- (сaptrvе).6 Environmеntalrganisationsrе еtt ingpprogrаmmеS
of (соnsеrvе)n аn attеmpto rеduсеo||ut ion.
Сomp|еtehеgаpswitha suitablе ordсonnесtеd it htеIevision.hе irst еttеr f еaсhword sgiven.
,| Соuid ou аssmе hе -с-, plеаsе?2 Howmanу е|еvision arе hеrеn Britаin?3 |fуouhavе v- athomе, ou|dou - thе
Iatе ighti|m оrmе?4 Тhеrе omеntеrеstinghings ns- ТVbut t s
quitе xpеnsivеo hаvet nstallеd.5 Whаt inds fTVp- doУou ikе owаtсh?6 It's otpossib|еogеt good V есеptionеrеwithout
an a_7 We аn,t еtа good V есеptionn thisаrеabесаusе е
аrе oo arаwау om hе -
8 Is hisnеw omеdyilmеdn hе е|еvisiоn
Rеarrangеhе words n italiсs o makеwords onnесtedwith hеmеdia.1 A good dvеrt is ingolоgnan е|po sе|| prоduсt.2 Thеpsеrs a|havе grеаtnfluеnсеn pеop|е.3 Whаt indоf mаzgоеnisoyou ikе o rеаd?4 l rеаd vеrу ood liсrtеn hеpapеr еstеrdау.
5 Doуоu hink hе trеnеnti|| vеr еplaсееwspapеrs?6 Havе ou ееn hеhdеаnilеsn thеpapеrodау?7 |s tbаoild sma|| еwspаpеr?
8 Why oyou hink еop|ееad issopmnulosnnеwspаеrs?
Тhоrightvrordз-l,..lСhoosеhе сorrесt ption, , b or с,to сomp|еtеhе ехt.
.
t: r
Savеd from an iсy hеllWheп Mike Striпger wаS it1vitеd to go oп ап f
iпtroductorуlpihесourse| еgot more hапhe :bаrgаiпеdor.Сlimbing mountains is not for thе 1
-- . We sеt off from .i:
our Alpinе сhalеt at 4 a.m. and 2- oul Way to thе
:lWеissmiеsmountain. our guidе assurеdus that it would bе
'.n .еasy, 4,000-mеtrесlimb, but although things ]iwеll, by ninе a.m. thе wеathеr was gеtting bad. .]l
Wе werе about 100 mеtrеs from thе top of thе mountain, .:''
whеn disaste|1 -. Мy fтiеnd Damon slippеd suddеnly i1.and
,- a narтOwopеning in thе roсk. onе of thе guidеs i].
hеld onto Darrton,s ropе, but sеvеral roсks fеll and hit .i:..
Damon,s lеg. Silеnсе,shouts, silenсеagain.A simplе- ссidеnt
'as going to turn an еasyсlimb into a majoт resсuе6
:-. ]iвйo,i*u, slowly 7 the сreviсе and on to thе snow .i:
slopе. Hе was suffеringo-- a brokеn lеg, sо onе of
ln:..l.,
g,,й", suggеstеd alling thе еmеrgеnсysеrviсеs. t Wasat that.i '
i _- thut thе limitations of modеrn teсhnology bесarnе;]
apparеnt. All of our пrobilе phonеs failеd to gеt any .i]
сonnесtion. Bluсе, our sесond guidе, bеgan an hour,s сlimb .;downhill whеrе hе hopеd to 'o -.- a signal. ]i
Fouт hours latеr it Was ' .- сold and darnp and thеIе .. l
was still rro12-of a rеsсuе еam. If wе stayеdwhеrе wе ':.''
Wеrе, no onе would arrivе bеforе nightfall whiсh mеant a }
frееzing, slееplеss night at З,800 mеtrеs. Butshould wе
}'. - thе risk оf moving Damоn? :
It was two p.m. whеn wе finally dесidеd to lowеr Damon1
down the snow slopе. n - wе hadn,t got far Whеn.wе 's:
spottеd thе rеsсuе tеams. Soon a hеliсoptеr was сirсlin'g i:
abovе us and Damon was winсhеd up to safеty.In futurе I,1l gl
think twiсe Lrеfoте limbing a mountain.сеnt ondon hеОbsеwer{.
t
1 a fаint-hеartеd2 a WеntЗ a stаrtеd vеr
4 a hаppеnеd5 a fеl| own6 a advеnturе7 a сIimbеdutof8 a from9 а sесond
10 а piсk ut11 a growing12 a sign13 а mаkе14 a GratеfuIly
b strong-hеartеdb tookb stаrtеd ff
b сamеb droppеdownb opеrat ionb pu||еdutofbofb pointb piсk vеrb doingb mаrkb hаvеb lhankfully
с wаrm-hеartеdс mаdес stаrtеdp
с struсkс Wеnt ownс or0eаIс movеd utofс fo rс minutес piсk pс hаvingс signаlс tаkес Hopеf |y
''';il9
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1
2
iОсltof arтdio
Desсribе hat's appeningn thеse iсturеs'
Thеse iсturеs rеa|I onnесted ith Bo|Iywood ovies.Whеre oyou hink he namе Bol|ywood'сomes rom?
Rеading3 skim read he extand indoutwhаt hеWoman
rесеivinghеaward oеs ora Iiving.
Тruеor faIse uеstionsRеmеmbеrhat omе, utnot II f hе nformationnthеsеntеnсе ight есorreсt.hесk oth hеsеnrеnсеand hе еxt arеfuIIyеforеoumakе our есision.
4 Dесidewhеthеrhе nformationn sentеnсеs_8 strue
(Т) r fаIse F).1 П Тhеdёсor f Nаir's ffiсеss rеminisсеntf hеr аtеstfi lm.
2 П onеof Nаir 'sirst oсumеntаriеson еvеrаlwаrds.3 П Nair'sаr ly еаrs ad grеatnfluеnсеnhеr UtIook
оn Iifе.4 П Hеr atеsti|m sсomp|еtе|yiffеrеntrom thеrshе
hаsmаdе.5 П Тhе ain hеusеdn hеoriginа|fоotаgеf Monsoon
Wеdding аs akе.6 П Nаir s ovеrjoyеdhaIМonsoonWеddingаs uсha
h t.7 П Hеr ami|y е|pеder opurсhаsе any f hе
prоpsоr MonsoonWеdding.8 П Nair ook З mеmbеrsf hеr аmilyoVeniсеоr hе
fi|m rеmiеrе.
I\4irarJairЕveC]axtonntersheworld f MiraNair,whereNewDelhimeets ewYork
IBritish irwаys
MiraNаir,s ffiсes,ustoffMadison quare n NewYork, repaintedtwo ones a Wаrm range nda bo|d unshinee||ow.heare alI oo аmiIiarromNаirЪ 002 it i|m,MonsoonWedding,Ьoutсhaotiс unjabi edding't ee|s ike ndia r ight ere n NewYorkYou ou| d |most istakehehum fyeI|owabs or iсkshaws.
Nаir was eduсаted n New Delhiаnd at Harvаrd n Ameriсa.disсoverediIm n herear|y 0sandbeganmaking oсumentariеssuсhpowerfuIubjeсts s Indian-Ameriсanmmigrants.ut t was1988,with her first Ii|m,Salaam Bombaу, hat NairЪ i
reputаtionas aunсhed.he iIm, bout ndian treet hi|dren.iсup heprestigiousаmera '0r at Cannes s we|| s 25otherworldwide.
Тhe woman itt ing quare|yn the |arge erraсotta-сolouredeaаrmсhаirs a direсtor n op 0f hergаme. airwаs born n 1957spenther earl iеst eаrs n а sma|l emoteown.where he grewwithher mother.wo brothers ndher аther, retired iviI ervаnt.was Iife n his emote oсationhаt nspired n eаrIv esire or rand new experienсes.|don,t now f t was a senseof destiny,,Nai1 butdefinitеlya|wаys ad а suresenseof wanting o knowbigger orld' nda sense f oсus,,
Nаir begins o tаIkabouther irstpost.Weddingrojeсt,he re ссomp|etеd уsteriсal l indлess, hiсhwas made or a US ТV сhannelOstensib|y,tЪ a departurеor Nair,who,untiI oщ has made ieither bout ndia, r Indians.nstead.his one tel ls of two white
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l=r
*
*atё'
гking-сlass omen oaminghe bаrsof New Jerseydesperаte|y
or ove.
l\enshegot heсaIl sking er o direсthe i lm, hewas n Bombay.
е had ost ootageromМonsoonWeddingn a freakX-rаyaссident
airport, nd so threemonths ater, e foundourselves e-
n Bombay,'says аir. hanks o a |arge nsuranсe аyout
theaссident,hehаd unds o spаrе.Тhistimewe сouId ffordo
rain ,she аys, аughing',Theirstt imewe were shootingn thе
monsoon.he sесond imewe had аs muсh ake ainas we
nted,Nаir s stiII evеlIingn the dea hatMonsoonWedding,he Iitt|e
r she made or hersеIf nd her ami|yhаsbeсome omethingf a
big iIm.,Hеrami|y,he says,hаvebeen mmense|y
fher iIm-making'hootinghe iIm n New DeIhi aveher
0pportunityo workwithherextendedami|y ndmany f hеprops
ostumes ereborrowedrom ami|y embers.Everymembеr f7 fami|y ppearsn the dаnсing nd as extras.Whenwe wеre n
or heworldpremiere. eWere pаrty f 23,,says air.,HаIf
Weremy eal ami|y ndhаIfwere he i lm ami|y,heсаstwh o
hem '
,,,:.:.,:::.:.:.8,.rrr.,r.3r.ili*Y::t:l:::r:ir-,.-.-::r3 &.rgftr'*i'*:t"i:"r,,.r,,.,,,,,ri,,i:r,,*-,-,,*,1g{i' l9ttt""'t:t"t"'
l'*
Voсa u a y
Fitm.maКing5 ExpIainnyourownwords hеmeaning f hеphrаsеs
а_j. Sоmе f themаppeаr n thе еxt.) hеnusе hem oсompIеteеntеnсеs-10.a mаking oсumеntаriеsb powеrfulubjесtsс piсkеd pаn awardd аppеаr sеХtrаsе wоrld rеmiеrе
l\4irа,s might еаnothеri|m bout еw ork.Shе for hеr i|mМonsoonWеdding.Doyou hink hе i lms hаtmakе ou ее| оod rе hosеwith ?
4 |\4irаswе|| nownormaking xtraordinаrуilmswithhighly
5 Hеr еa|аmi|y inonеof hеr i|ms.6 She tаrtеdеr arееr у .7 A|| еr i|ms еа| i th l ike mmigrat ion.8 Workingn i|ms ith саnbеvеrу iff iсu|t
indееd.9 Сhoosinghе ight to p|ay iffеrentartss
еssеntiа.
, l0 |Vеmbеrsf Nаi/s аmiIy ttеndеdhеVеn се.
in
Disсusshе olIowinguestions. Why rе ow-budgеti|msikeN4ira,somеtimеshugе
su сеss?о How iff iсu|tоуou hink twould е o mаke fi lm?. Who oуou hink s morе mportаnthеnmаking
fi|m:hе аs t r hеdirесtor?hv?
f саst n)g |owbudgеtsh unusual lotsi happу ndingsj nехt rojесt
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Qlлiсfl< qrЦ''-z
,l Сomp|еteеntеnсеs_ЗWith hесorrесt еnsе: ,s tsimplе,pаstсontinuous, r pastperfeсt.1 Wеusе hе to alk bout nасt iоn hiсh
happеnеdеforеnothеrсt ionn hеpаst.2 Wеusе hе tosеt hеsсеnеnа story.3 Wеusе hе todеsсr ibеomp|еtеdvеntsn
thеOast.
ln pairs, есidе hiсhwords r phrаsеs eusе ) o tа|kabouta rеsu| t nd b) o givеa rеason.
bесаusе so so .. hаt
Look t hеpiсturе. hаt oyou hink hеwomаn, arаhRenny, oеs or а Iiving?
Rеad аragraphsаnd2 of thеart iсIеbout аrаh ndput hеsе vеntsn theordеr n whiсh hеy ссur.1 П Sarаh eсidеdo mаnufaсturеoосorn.2 П Sаrahook n ]6 еmо|ovееs.3 ] Sаrаh еnt асkpaсkingn Аfriса.4 П Sаrаh еgano work romhomе.5 П Sаrаh rаduatеdrоm nivеrsitу'6 П Sarаh idsome еsеаrсh.
Rеad aragraphof thеart iс|еndput hеvеrbs _12inthе сorrесtensе: ast implе r past оntinuous.
Read aragraphof thеаrt iсIеndundеrIinehесorrесttеnsе: ast impIе r pastpеrfесt.
look at how hewords n boldareusеd n paragraph.
Then omp|etееntenсеs_3using hеwords еlow.aftеr bеса sе whеn
.l Sаrah as blе о survivе shе есеivеdе|p romhеr аmiIy.Sаrаh есаmеuссеssfuI shеhаd оId еr dеаtоsupеrmаrkеts.
сl iеntsamе oSarаh,sff iсе,hеy xpесtеdofind n o|dеr еrson.
Narrative еnses:Gontinuous, astand Gontinuous
Pastsimp|е,pastperfеGt imple
Popgoesthe
cash tilll Whеn an idеa poppеd into hеrhеad, 26-уear-oldSаrah Rеnnvrеаlly got сrасking With a$з,000 oan Sаrah Iaunсhеdhеr businеsswhiсh sоonbесamе worth а staggегing$8,000. t аl l сamе aboutbесаusеSaгah,who studiеdmaths at univеrsity, ouIdл,tsеl.tlе owл to a iоb aftеrgraduаting,
so shе dесidеd togo bасkpaсking аround Afгiсa., l wаs travеl l ingand I wаshaving a fantastiс imе, buL I
Whеn Sarah I wепt/hаd Тore to thе bank to askfor a loаn, thе managеr, сlskес\/асtаskеdhеr towritе a businеsspIan. Shе , stаrtеd/ аd stqrtеd hеbusinеss n Marсh аnd by thе еnd of thе Уеаrshеomаdе/ hаd mаdе а big profit' Sarah .
fouiа/
hаd found t diffiсult аt first bесausе shеunеvеrrаn/ hаd tlеVеr un a businеss bеforе. Aftеrshe- workеd/hасl workеd or а yеar, thingsugot/ hаd got еаsiеr.
ran ouI of monеy. I had to go homе aftеr I hаd bееntravеl l ing oг a fеw months, bul I wаs dеtеrminеd torаisе hе monеy to go аgain.,Sarah startеdwoгking from hеr homе inGlouсеstеrshiте,mporting novеlty food fromAmеriсa to sеll in supеrmarkеts. SЬе had iustintеndеd Lo makе а l it l .|еmonеy, but shе wаs bi ltеnby thе businеssbug. Shе wаs doing somе геsеarсhwhеn shе hit on thе idеa oГ mаnuiaсtuгing top-сlаsspopсorn. Shе didn,t еvеn еat it hеrsе|Г- but shе wasso сonvinсеd thеrе was a mаrkеt for it that shеdесidеd to risk sеtting up hеr own сompany. Bеforеlong shе had takеn on 16 pеoplе.Whеn Sагah ' rbеginl iooking fo rсustomеrs,shе .
--- (appгoaсh,1nе of thеbiggеst supеrmarkеtсhains. ,|t .--- (bе)whел I .
-- (еxplain,)my idеas tо thеm thatthеy ,
-- (bесomе) еаl ly ntеrеstеd n thеprоduсt,,saysSаrah. l .
-- (bе)dеl iяhtеdwhеn thеу (dесidе)Lo buy thгеЁ of mvhomе-madе flavours.Shе 8
-- (do) furthеr
rеsеarсhon thе flаvours whеn shеo--- (win) ordегs fгom sеvеn big
supегmаrkеts. [ 'o --- (not bе) a]wаУsеasv,howеvег.Тhеrе wеrе а [еw months whеЬ shе', -
(work) a|l d'aу n thе offiсе and shе' ' --- (supеrvisе) ork al l night in thеfaсtory.
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8 Rеad еntеnсеsl-4 and dесidе f thе underIinеdеrbsarе n pastperfeсt imp|е r pastperfесt ontinuous.
1 Nobоdy ad houghtf hе dеa еforе аrah amеUpwith t.
2 Aftеr arah adbееn ravе||ingor еvеrа| onths,hеrеturnеdomе.
3 Sarаh amе omе есаusееrmonеy ad unout.
4 Sarаh adbееn xportingovе|tyood romAmеriсаwhеn hеhiton he dеа f making opсorn.
9 (ompIeteuIes l аnd 2 with hе сorreсtеnsе: astperfесt imp|e r pastperfeсt ontinuous.
Rulеs.l Wеusе hе to a|k bout сomplеtеdсt ion
or statеn hеpаsthаt appеnеdеforеnothеrсt ionin hеpast.
2 Wеusе hе tо аIk bout naсt ionnprogrеssn hеpаst hiсhwas ntеrruptеdyanothеrасt ionn hеpast.
10 Сhoosеhе сorreсt ensе n sentеnсes--4.] Sаrаh аd еseаrсhеd/hаdеen еsеаrсhinяlаvоurs hеn
shеwonordеrsrom upеrmarkеts.2 Sаrah аdborrowеd/hоdeen orrowingЗ000 есаusе
shеwаntеdo start еrownсompany.3 Bеforе hе tartеd еrbusinеss,arah аdn,t
ехpeсtеd/hаdn,tееn хpeсtingo bе sо suссеssfuI4 AftеrSarah аd workеd/hаdееnworking || ау n thе
offiсе hе upеrvisеdork || ightn hе асtorу.
Adverhсlauses11 Advеrb Iauses ivеus more nformationbout erbs ndmakеour sentenсеs orе nteresting.ndеrIinеhеadvеrb lausеsn sеntеnсes_6, henmаtсh hеm o thetypes f сlausе -f bеIow.,l l wеnt oAfr iсa o hаt сould/inrdеr osееwiIdIifе.2 Аtriсa as oеnormoushаt mаnagеdo sее еry itt|е
of t.3 | Iikеd friса есausе/аs/sinсеt wаs o diffеrеntrom
othеr ontinеnts.4 If wеntbaсk o Afriса,wоu|d tау or |ongеr.
5 Whi|еwаs hеrе,dida |ot f rаvе||ing.6 A|thoughdon,t ikе hеhеаt, еnjoуеdеingn Afr iса.
a сo d t iob reasonс t imеd rеsute сonсеssionf purposе
Сomplеtеentenсеs_6With hеsеwords ndphrasеs.
."аIthough..есausе' i f * so trso... hаt* whi|е
1 | Iikе еingmyownboss Iсаnmakеmyowndeсisions.
it'shаrdwork, ,d аther ork ormysеIfhаnanyonе |sе.
3 I borrowеd3'000 I сou|d еtUpmуownbusi еss.4 - |was oingmуассounts,supеrmаrkеt
phonеd е o ordеr omе opсorn.5 |was еxсitеdbout hеordеr I had
tophonе fr iеndo еII еr l6 - l hаd hе monеу,'dgobaсk о Afriса
tomorrow.
13 writesixsеntеnсеssing aсh ypeof advеrb lause:сondition, urpose'ime'сonсession,eason, nd rеsuIt.
Let's aсtivateЬ|uden|. cafil
14 lmaginеouandуour r iends tartеd p a lunсhtimеafёat sсhool woyеars goand t wasa hugе uссess.nsmа|I roups,makе Iist f quеstionso askeасhotherto findout:. whеrе tudеntsаdbееn oingorsnaсks еforеougot
thе dеа.. what ouWеrе oing hеn ougot hе dеa or hе afё.. whУ ou houghthе afёmight еsuссеssfu|.. whvVoUWеrе еtеrminеdo makе sUссеssf thесafё.. how ouadvеrtisеdhесafё.. whаt аppеnеdеxt.. howmuсhmonеу oumаdе.. howworkingor oursе|fompаrеdithworkingor
somеonе|sе.
15 Nowaskyourpartners ourquestionsbout hе сafё'
12
Ф
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BeаCingr tlтest'
Look t thеphotographs.еsсribehе workthese еop|еredoing.What kiIIs r quaIit iеsopeopIe eed o do thesеobssuссеssfulIу?
2 Inpairs, isсuss hiсh f the obs ou hinkare:a morе uitab|еormеn.b morе uitab|еorwomеn.с diff iсu|t/еаsyorbothmеn ndWomеn.
Listеning
Identifyingtatеmеntshе speakеrs akеThе pеakеrsaymakе tatеmentshiсh ound imilarto or rеfеro hosеn hе ask utwhiсhmеаnsomеthinguitе iffеrеnt.
3 d)," Youarеgoing o heаrDarren iIkinsntеrviеwingRасhеl ndеrson, fеma|еootbаIIgеnt. irst, еadthrough tatеmеnts_10 arеfuIly.hеn istеn ndwritеR bеsidе hеstatemеntsасhеImakеs, besidеhosеDarrеnmаkеs, nd N bеsidehosеnеithеr pеakеrmаkes., l П Raсhе|sеd оbеa 1ournа|ist.2 П Raсhе| еt ootbaI|еruIian ta prеSsоnfеrеnсе.3 П Womеn rеnotassuссеssfulsmеn t handIinяhе
prеss.4 П Rасhе|есаmе footbalIgеnt yсhаnсе.5 П Plауеrsееd nothеrob o a|| асk n.6 П Rасhеlееmso bеmaking Iot f moneу.7 П Rасhе|as |wауsovеdootba||.
8 П Rасhе|еvеr lауsootbа|lеrsе|f.9 П Suссеssn ootbа||оеs оtdеоеnd n
whеthеrou rеmа|е r emа|е.10 П Rасhе|'sаmiIysdе|ightеdith hе ontасts
shеmаkеs.
4
:-
Listеn gain ndanswеrhеquеstions.1 How idRaсhе|есomе fооtba|lgеnt?2 What rеWomеnomеtimеsеttеr tdоinghаnmеn?
3 Whаt oеs footbа||gеnt сtua||yo?4 What Xpеnsеsoеs асhе|аvе opау utof hеmonеy hе arns?
5 What oеs асhе|'sаmiIyhink f hеrbеing footbа|lаgеnt?
Eхplainn yourownwords hе dioms n tаliсshatDarrеn nd RaсhеI sе.] I'vеbeеndуing o аskyou.2 Тhе еportеrsаngivеplayеrs hаrd imе.3 PIayеrsouIdn'tеa||уеаlwith hеprеssеrywе|l.4 Thingsjustook t'JfromIhere.
5 |Imаkеs еnsе.6 Тhаt ounds ike n оw|ul otof monеy.7 |I's owhеrееar smuсh s t sounds.8 Itmust ivе hеm |ot f strееtrеd.
PronunсiationVovrоl60unds
6 Mаtсhhеwordsn еaсh rouphathave he ame owе|sound.1 faсt
2 sеnsе3 womеna joь5 rugOy
happу
sсеnеinju еdon yhugе
pay
meаntimеfromMUSI
mа|еp
еss8ivеmoslUnnаppy
@7 Q'., Now isten nd сheсk ourаnswеrs.
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Speakings Q)'., Disсusshisquestion. sе hеdiaIoguеox o
hе|p ou.Do ou hinkmеn ndwomеn rе ookingor hе аmеthingsn Iifе? hу/Whуot?
i UsingiIlеrsA l think owаdaуsomеn аnt imilarhingsomеn.B Hmm,l'm ot urеf |аgrее ith haI. ou now.
thinkmеn ndwomеn rе ookingоrdiffеrеnthingsin Iifе.l,Уel/,supposеouсouIdэе ight,эutwhаt lэoutthingsikе IaуingootbaIl?hеrе rе lotof еmаlеfootbа|||ауеrs.s а mаtter | асt, p|аyootbа||orа |oса| omеn'sеаm.5o, oumight есоmеnothеr аvid есkhаmasortof f еma|е upеrstа l
Bеliеve e, I wouldn'tWаnt haI. nуwау,hеrе's otmuсh hаnсе f hat appening,s hеrе?Younеvеr now
A shortpresentation9 Youarеgoing o givеa shortprеsеntаtiontwo r thrее
minutеs) n .AsuссеssfuIerson'. esсribеomеonеromyour ountry r thеЕnglish-spеаkingorId.nсludе:. whаt hеpеrson oеь r hаs onе. whаt bstасlеshеу vеrсаmе. whаtmаkеshеm utstаnding
10 InsmаI| roups' ivе ourрrеsentation.ftеr aсhstudеnt as inishеdhеirprеsеntаtion'hink f onеquеstiono ask hеm bout t. Forеxamplе:
. Whу idуou hоosеhispаrtiсu|аrеrson?
. Whу oyouadmire r rеspесthеm?
. What ffесt а suссеssаd n hispеrson?
. What oyou hinkwiIl аppеno his еrsоnn thе
. futurе?lf hереrsons til| Iivе.) . ;l :
r--I-"
т Soundbites-onо1,monоI,monоY
11 сo6Js.аListеn o Moneу,monеу,moneу уAbbа andсomp|еtеhеwords.
Iwork || ight 'wоrk || аyTopау hе'- I hаvе оpaу ain't t sаdAnd ti||hеrе еvеr ееmso bеA sing|е- |еftormе that,soobadlInmуdrеаmshаvе p|аn:|fIgotmеа.-man,l wouIdn,tаvеo work tаl|,|'d oo| round ndhаvе bа|l.
Мonеу,monеу,monеуMustbе 'unnуln thе, mаn,swoild.Monеу,monеу, onеуАlwауs unnуIn thе iсhmаn,sworld.Аhа,а l thе hings сould olf l hаdсt ittlе'lt's riсhmоn,swoild.
А mаn ikе hаt shаrd o ind,But саn't еthimoffmуmind аin't t sаdAnd f hеhappеnsо bе rее,I bеthеwouldn'tаnсуmе thаt'soobаdSo, must еavе,' l l аvе ogoТo Las еgаs r Vonасo,Andwinаo-inagamеN/y ifе i|| еvеr е hе аmе.
Сhorus
,t2 Answеrhеquеstions.
1 Whаt ind f Iifе o hе ingеrsаvе?2 Whаt аy fmаking onеу avеhеy reаmеdf?3 WhуwоuIdhе dеа robab|уotwоrk?4 Doуou grее ith hе tаtеmеnt:It 'sa riсhman's
world?'Why/Whyot?
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Using i|IеrsFiIIеrsrеusеfuI ords hiсh angivе ou imе o hink.Dоnotovеrusеhеm, owеvеr,s hiswilI ivеhеimprеssionhаt оu аnnotind hеwords ou rеIоokingоrl
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СIonitlgLook t thеpiсturе. his hеep aIlеdDoIlywasborn n1997.WhywasDoIIy sсiеntifiс reakthrough?
Сhoosehе сorreсt efinition, or b, of the wordсIoning.a сrеatingpеrson rаnimaIdеntiса|oаnothеrb сopуinghе hаrасtеristiсsf а pеrson r hing
Studying he samplеUndsrstandinghо tasK3 Read he еxtаnd сompIetehewriting Ian.
Writing lanIntroduсtion:isagrееmеntbout |oningumаns
^r*r*
Z
3
ArgUmеntsgalnst:123
Сonс|usion:
Stеps o betterwriting?rоeanting n argument4 Сomp|etееntеnсеs_7with hе сorreсtormof thеsе
verbs.
* ассеpt* bе * сonsidеr disаgrее put orward
" rеjесt
1 Many rgumеntsavе ееn in аvour f
с|oning.2 Mаny еoplе avе thе dеа hatwеshou|dсlonе umans.
3 Wе hould how hе hi|dmightее|.4 |\4ostеop|еаnnot thе dеа f с|oning
numans.5 Тhеrе onеor wo trongrgumеntsor |oning
humаns'6 Тhеpоint- that hе hi|d ou|d еаn dеntiса|
twin.7 | amаfrаidwould аvе o
viеw.
Sinсе Dolly Wassuссеssfutlyсlonеd in 1997, therchavе bееn еndlеss argumеnts about whеthеrsсiеntists should сlоnе human bеings.
As far as I сan sее, hеrе havе bееn thтеemain
rеasonsput forward foт сloning humans. Thе firstadvantagе s that a сouplе who at thе momеnt сan,thavе сhildrеn will bе ablе to havе them. Thе sесondis that, if a сhild diеs, thе family might Want tobring it baсk somеhow * and thе third and finalIеason is that stеm сеlls сould bе usеd to сurе Somеof thе disеasеshumans suffеr from at prеsеnt.
I, pеrsonally, am not in favour of thе first twothings. In faсt, I find thеm quitе disturbing. Thеpoint is that a сhild produсеd by сloning would be
likе an idеntiсal twin of thе original, so physiсallyvеry similar. on thе othеr hand, thеsе two pеoplеwould havе сomplеtеly diffеrеnt pеrsonalities.Sесondly, t,s my opinion that сhildrеn should bеwanted for thеiт individuality. In making a сopy, thеparents arе delibетatеly rying to speсify thе waythеy wish thе сhild to dеvеlop. Finally, wе shouldсonsidеr how thе сhild might fееl about this in latетlifе _ and rеjесt this usе of сloning.
To sum up, dеspitе onе or two algumеnts put
forward in favour of сloning humans, I fееl that thеmain disadvantagеof сloning is that families сrеatеdin this way would not providе a normalеnvironmеnt for thе сhildrеn to grow up in.
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)
ЕxpгreeingоallngsUnder|inеhediffеrеnt aYsn whiсh hewriter хpressеshis eelingsn the ext.
Usе omеof thееxpressionsou under|inеdn thе еxt owritе еntеnсеsхprеssingowуou ееI bout tatеmеnts,l_з'
1 A|I amiIiеshouIdn|y еaIlоwеdohаvе nе hiId.2 Wе houIdlIhаvе smany hiIdrеnspossibIe.
3 Wе houId еаbIe oсhoosеhе harасtеristiсsfоurсh Iden.
ln spitaof/doьpi|o7 кеаd hе exp|anationnd heехamples _с.Тhеn
сompIеtееntеnсеsl_4with hе сorreсt hrase.
Inspitе f/dеspitе еan еVеnif'.Wеuse nspitе J/dеspitеbеforе nounor a gеrund, nd nspitе f thе асt hаt
/dеspitehе асtthоtbеfore сlausе.
a ln spitеof/Despite ho hеаvу 6n8w"wo drava intо |hoсountrувide,
b tn spiteof/Despitе i56ing ha buв to всhool,wowereпot Iаfе оr our lesвon.
с ln spitеof thе 'асt hаt/Despite he aсt thаt it wаs
вnowinghaаvilу,wedrava intо tha сountrувido.
12
3
I don't ikе lying,agrееdogobуp|anе.а|| hеhаrdwork, ееnjoy tudyingngIish.
l dоn't еa||yikе nimа|s,еnjoуеdur isit othеZoo.
nothаving uсhmonеy, еhad grеat
сampingo|idауhis ummеr.
Writingyour еssayUndоrstandinghe taэK8 You,re oing o writеan еssаy rguingor andаgainst nе
of thе statеmеntsl_3.Dесidеwhiсhof the dеas _fсouId е usеd o support r rejeсt асh tatеmеnt.,l Wе hou|dl| ive nt iI еаrе t |еаst00 еars Id.
2 Тhе iсh houIdhаrе lI hеirwеа|th ith hеpoor.3 SmokinghоuId еbаnnеdn pubIiс |асеs.
a lt 's mpоssib|еomаkе vеryonеquа|.b Wе houIdn'tisсr iminatеgаinstobaссoddiсts.с |\4еdiсinеsnab|еs o ivе ongеr.d Pоssеssiоnson'tmаkе ouhappy.e |\4аnуеop|еuffеrhееffесts f pаssivеmоking.f Who ooks ftеr/supportshееldеr|у?
9 Usеonе of thеphrases_с o exprеssiews or andagainst tatеments,l-3.
Ехаmple
2no big advantаge f creаtingсhildran uьt IiKeourэelies э thаi waс4n Pа56on аIl our goodpoints.t{owevar, o mightаIоopаss on аIIour bаd pointe.
a 0nеbig dis)аdvantagеf ... s ..,whi|е..b Thеmain dis)аdvаntаgеs...;howеvеr...с A furthеr еnеfit/drаwbас kould е ..whеrеаs.
1 lt wou|d еwondеrfuIo сrеatе human еingust ikеoU sе|vеs.
2 Nobodyаnhavе oomuсh ntе||igеnсе.3 Who oU rе smuсhmorе mportanthanwhаt ou rе.
Planning10 Ingroups, есidewhiсh tаtеmentn 9 youаregoing owritеabout.
Цlriting
Looking t both idеs f an argumеntRеmеmbеro nс|udеiеws oudonotagrее ithbеforеstatingour Wn pinion ndgivingеasonsordisаgrееingith hеsе oints f viеw.
11 Nowwritе ouressay bout200_250 ords.. Inс|udеsuitablееrsonа|ntroduсt ion. Writеn а suitablееrsonа|ndlormpеrsonaItylе. Еxprеssеrsonа|pinionsnyour onсlusion.
CheсKing12 сheсk hatyouhavе:
. inс|udеdiffеrеntaуs f prеsеntingnargumеnt.
. writtеnhе ight mount 200-250 ords).
Ah
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Narrаtivsanses: ast simplqpast ontinuouь,paьtуorfeс|.implоand сontinuous
1 CompIetehе sеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесt orm pаst imp|eor pаst ontinuous)f thеvеrb n brасkеts.1 Тhе thIеtе (run)towаrdshе inishinginе
whеn е (fal| vеr).2 lt- (rаin) hеn hеy (sеt ut) n
tnе oUrnеy.З PauIа (|oоkut) f hе а fёwindow hеn
shе (sее) оsе.4 Thеburg|аr (not nоw)hаt hеpoliсе
(fol|оw)im.5 N4att (wаtсh)vidеowhеnhе
(hеафсаroutsidе.Assoon sRiсhаrd (mееt) oniса,е(rеmеmbеr)hо hеwаs.
Тhе un (shinе)right|yswе(jog) longhеbеасh.
8 Whеn hеy (аrrivе)t hеpartу Vеrуonе(dа се).
UnderIinеhе сorrесtormof thе verb n sеntеnсеs_8 '1 Sаrah аs urprisеdy hе uссеssf hеrpopсorn
businеss.hedidn,t хpесt/hаdn'tхpесtеdt tо lэе оpоpuа .
2 Danwаs еa||уlеasеd hеnhеsаw.jеss.ledidn,tsее/hаdn,tееn er orа |оng imе.
3 AftеrТanуa'inishеd/hоd'inishedеading еrboоk, hеwеnt/hоdone o bеd.
4 Assoon sIаrrivеd t hеаirpоrt, took/hоdаken taхito hеhotеl.Iаnwаs atе. у hе imеhеgot o hе ootbаIlstаdiumthе mаtсhinishеd/hоdinishеd.I didn,t еlp/hоdn,tеlpеd аtеWith еrhomеworkbесаusе heаIrеаdу'inishеd/hаdlrеаdуtnishedt whеnlаrr ivеd.
By hе еndоf thе dауSlevewrotе/hаd rittеnhreеlеttеrsppIyingor obs.Gаrуwasupsеt есаusе isa еft/hоdеJt hepаrtуby hеtimеhеgot/hаdot hеre.
3 Undеr|inеhесorrесtormof thеvеrb o сomplеtеhеtеxts.
Еightееn.yеar-old iz Slanеyhasbесomеthе latеst
IntеrnеtsuссеSs tory.Liz ' hоd just iпishеd/ сls ustbееп-рi,иi"ghеr
A lеvеlswhеn shе startеdwork on an
Intеrnеtsitеoffеringup.to-thе-minutе ashion tips for
;;;;;8. girls. I , исld йouуht/ rldbееп .hiпkitзgf sеtting
; d йn sitе for a whй, but I wasn,tsurеwhat to do,,
,trу,i',.,I had thе dеa or futurеfashio_1.l"*ftеr ,
иid rесlс1/асlbееп еаdiпgashionmagazlnеS nе
mo.ni,-'gt ' hсlvе lаппеd/ аd bееп lаппiпg,o takеa
yеal out aftеrmy еxams,but now I,m just too busy.,
2
A British сlinrЬеr hasgonе rnissingon Мount Еvеrеst.Paul Stеinеr 5hаt1tpеп,t/аd bееn "pеп,liцrnorе han ]5yеаrsсiimЬing рrоfЪssionally rrd hаr] l,iпlbеr]/аr]bеес|irпbi,щvеrеst thrее timеs Ье{Ьrе. еsсuе tеamshavеЬееn working round thе сioсk to ioсаtе him.
Twomenesсapedrom rison esterday.hemen had erved/ a
been erving.l0-yеаrеntеnсeSorаrmed obbery.r ison ff iсer
didn,t otiсe hat heyuhadgone/ adbeengoing ntil twas too
Advогbc|auьoь4 Сombinеhе sеntеnсеssing hеwords n braсkеtsnd
making nyothеrnесеssaryhаnges.1 You houId Ian our аrееrаrefuIly.ou'||е
suссеssful.if)2 Sаl|уWеnt o univеrsity.hеwantеdogеtа goоdob. so
that)3 |gоt o hе onсеrtn imе . hеrе еrеn,tnу iсkеts
Iеft.although)
4 Тhеob
wаs еrу oring. 4ikееft ftеr nеweеk.so ..that)5 Susiе аs atе. еr аrhаdbrokеn own.bесausе)
6 Thеburg|arаsbrеаkingntо hеhousе. есuthishаnd.whi|е)
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F aa) peaкtng5 ln pairs, aсh hoosе diffеrent hotogrаph'еsсribеhе
photograph.hink bout hееvеnt ndwhat hеpеoplemight е ee|ing'hеn alk o yourpartnеr bout:. thеphysiса|ffесtsf doing pоrts.o thеbеnеfitf bеing art f a team. whаtmаkеs uссеssfu|th|еtеs
Listеning6 {),s vouаrеgoing o hеаrаn nterviеw ithТom
Frеmantlе.irst' ead hrough hequestions_6.ТhenIisten,nd сhoosе he bеst ption, , b, с, or d.1 Why id Тоmgo oАustraIia?
а todеvеlopis arееr sa iournаlist.b to hаvе сyс|ingoIiday.с to еsсapеromborеdom.d to support {riеnd'
Why idТom аkе hologrаphsf his аmi|y ithhim?a tо hе|p im indpеoplе hoknеw is е|аt ivеs.b tо еnсourаgееоplео offеr imaссommоdatiоn.с tо hе|p im оmmuniсatеorе аsi|у ithpеop|е.d to rеmind imof his е|аt ivеsасk оmе'
What as hе еal imof Tom,srip?а to raisеmonеyor harity.b tо u|fi| | ifе|оngmbit ion.
с to еnсouragеtherso o||own his ootstеps.d to sее hеwor|d еfоrе еtt|ingown.
Whаt idТomdisсovеrs hесyсlеdhrough iffеrеntсоu triеs?a pеop|е еrеmorе riеnd|yhаnhееxpесtеd.b whаt ind f pеrson е еa||уаs.с that isor iginа|dеаs bout Iaсеsеrе оrrесt.d thаt is аnguаgеki||s еrе еttеrhаnhе hоught.
Why idТomgo o Frеmаnt|е?a bесаusееwantеdovisit is аmi|y.b bесаusееhаddесidеdo bесomе sai|оr.
с bесаusеhе оwnwasnamеd ftеr isanсеstor.d bесаusеaоtаinhar|еsrеmаntIеесоmmеndеdt.
6 Whаt sТоm'sob now?a Hе's profеssionа|yсlist.b Hе's travеl ritеr.с He's sponsororStоkе 4andеvil|еospital.d Hе,s n еxpIorеr.
Writing7 writean short ssay about 00words) bout rеalor
imaginaryourney.ou havemadе.UsеTom's tory n 6
and hepoints еIowo hеlp ou.. Why idуoudесideo makе hе ournеу?. Whеn idyougoоn hе ournеу?. Howwаs t organisеd?. Whаt rob|еmsidyоuhаvе?. Whаt аоoеnеdn hееnd?
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Цlordbuilding1 СompIеtehе еxtwith hе сorrесtormоf the words n
brасkets'
Theseс r| оf mv suссessMartinе /сCutсhеоn
l,ve |waysovеd ressing p
andbeing lаmorous.y
first '_-(peгform) was
when wasaged10atstagе
sсhooI.henwhen was a
tеenager,spent fewyearsin a gir lhаnd, utwedidntgetanywhere.,d |wаysbeIiеvedhat aving -(able) ndа .
Prepoeitionэ3 СompIеtehе еxtwith hеprеpositions.ouсan usеа
prеposition orе hanonсе'* as* by* for* in * of 8 on 8 to * undеr with
Jеss impsonsаn 1B-yеаr-oldtudеnt,ut t hеwееkеndshе еfеrееsrofеssiоnа|uglэyеaguеmаtсhеs.Rugby аtсhеssual|уnd n a pеaсеfuIiсtoryonе idе nddеfеаtor hеothеr, ut omеtimеsuringhеmаtсh layеrs2-thе оppоsingеаms еt ntohеаtеdrgumеnts- thеpitсh.еss impsоnаs odеа| - thеsе ngrу iants'nd еstorеhеpеасе.As а rеfеrее,oU rе5- prеssurео kееp hingsrunningmoothIy,'еss oints ut. |\,4ost
-thе timе
it 's n|у bоut nforсinghе ulеs, utwhеn hosе u|еsrеbrokеn,omеbodyas o stеp n аnd аvеhеdау.'And еrski||ssа pеасеmаkеravе ar nеd era ob
а rеfеrееn hеprofеssionа|irсuit .сhаnсеhat еss аs ntroduсеdtwаsn't
9
t imе seе t as a nеwo-- (aсhieve),neW 0nqurst.
,ria..r.rr:....arr:.:lliriirii':rr::rr:r1..]*;:rla:.:.r..':r:lrrr::.::r::':::;irrrr::,:..-.-.t:r.l
Phrasal verb6
2 Сomplеtе еntеnсеs_6with heсorrесtormof оnе оf
thesе hrasal erbs.* bасk Рв brеаk p * |ау own piсk p u pi|е p* turn o
1 Whеn ukе rr ivеdt hе oot f hеmountаin,isеnthusiаsmor hе |imb fеаr.
2 Тhеpop roup aftеr lеwmonths' obodу аsbuyinghеir есоrds.
З Тhаnksо my boss me-, I mаnagеdogеttheprоmotiоn.
4 Bеfоrееavingоr hеairpоrt' hаd o my iсkеtfrom hе rаvе| gеnt.
5 0n my irst аy twork,hеmаnаgеr thе ulesаnd о|dmеwhаt wаs еsооnsiblеor.
6 Еmmа ouldn'topеwithhеrnеw ob. hеworkаnd hеrеWаs o imе o do еvеrуthing.
rugbу.hе ot ntеrеstеd0 thе portbесаusееr athеrWаs nсе rеfеrееimsе|f.
Ц|ordвhatgo togоthоr4 Сhoosеhе bеstWord, , b,or с, to сomp|еtееntеnсеs
1-5.
1 Olivеr as to ask hеpop tar orhеrаutogrаph,uthеwаs oo hу.а dуing b shoсkеd с еxсitеd
2 Brad аsnothingo bасk n f hе oses is ob.a fа|| b сomе с look
3 Теenаgеtаrs ftеn ind tdiffiсu|to- thеprеssа dеa| b hаnd|е с сopе
4 Profеssionа|ootbаl|еrsrе bIе o еаrn (n) |оtоf mоnеу.а аwful b tеrrib|е с hоrr ibIе
|fуou'rе mode|t sеnsеoprеparеoursеlfforanоthеrob. \4ost odе||ingarееrsrе еry hort.a sееs b makеs с nаs
(bеIieve}nyoursе|f ould e
enough, ut t sn,t. ounееd
а formidаbleeаm fpeop|e
behind ouаnd ouа|so eеd lotofmoneу.-(|uсky),gotthe hаnсe о audit ionora ro|еn а famous
s0ap0peгa nd inсe hen ,ve eenworking on-stop.
think 'm --- (suссess}ormyagebeсause,vеworked
veryhаrd. think ouneed ediсаtioП,_- (сonfident)
and7-- (ambitious)o beanaсtor. oua|so еed o bеаb|e o ассept ejeсtionndu
-- (сrit iс ise)аnd hat
саnbe rustrаting.hink heseсret 0 sUссesss being
happyny0ur areer. ou pendmost fyour imeworking
so youshould аve ots f _- (еnthusiastiс)fort. mа y
fееI еrvous hen go on n ront f heсаmeras, ut aсh
6кilts andqualitioь oododn diffоrоntobs5 Mаtсh hеsе kilIs r quaIit iеso the obsbеIow.
u сomputеr-|itеrаteсonfidеnt сrеat ve* fluеntn two аnguаgеsgood ommuniсаtionkiIlsn organisаtionа|ki||s pаt iеnt physiсаllуit* rеsoonsib|еsесrеtаriа|ki||s soсiаb|е
Iifеguard persona|ssistant tourguide
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СovеntGardеn
F*.'#North-еast of TrafalgarSquarеbеgins thе mazе оf
naIIoW Strееts nd tiny allеys сallеd Сovеnt Gardеn,
now thе сеntrе of еntетtainmеnt in Londоn but onсе
a nоtorious low-lifе distriсt and a сriminal haunt.
Тhеrе has bееn somе typе оf markеt on this spot for
morе than 3O0yеars,but thе namе aсtually dеrivеs
frоm thе сonvent gardеn that oссupiеd thе arеauntil ,:.thе timе оf Hеnry VIII, when thе сonvеnt was
abandonеd.AtthесеntIеofСovеntGardеnliеsaсobblеstonе
squaIеandsupеrbstееlandglassmarkеtpаvilionsсonstruсtеd ln thе 1830s to housе flowеr, fruit, and ..vеgеtablе tal ls. hе markеtwas movеd to nеW.quЪrtеrssouth of thе rivеr Thames in 1'974, nd thе ...old dl't'i.t passеd nto sеvеralyеars of povеrty and ..
nеglесt. вuiin thе еarly 1980s,Сovеnt Gardеn was ..
rеfurbishеd nto an arеaof rеStaurarrts,hоps, and .....
сafёs. t,snow a showplaсе for buskеrs (strеet
еntеrtainеrs),and a summеr paтadisеbоth foт offiсе
wоrkеrs at lunсh timе and for tourists.Thе popular Jubilее Мarket at thе wееkеnd offеrs a
сolourful mixturе of arts and сrafts, ood stalls and ]puppеt shows. But thе aсtion rеally heats up at night. ...
тnЪi" with a tastеfor Еnglish traditiоn might drink at
':
thе many anСiеnt pubs in thе arеa suсh as thе Lamb
and Flag, a sixtееnth сеntury pub known in its rrrorе
sinistеrЪays as thе ,Buсket of Blood,. Tutton,s сafё s
good for a quiеt сhat, whilе thе Roсk Gardеn offетs .]]ear-shattеringmusiс.
Сovеnt Gardеn is alsо Synonymous with British
thеatrе,for thе distriсt plays host to thе l"lеst f
London,s drama, musiс, and danсе. It is also popular
for afternoon shоpping, еspесially Nеal Strееtwith its ].uniquе сollесtion of spесiality shоps. onе shоp sеlls ]
only kitеs, anothеr dеals n shеlls. Book lоvеrs usually
hеad for Charing Сross Road, whiсh marks thе
westеrn boundaiy оf thе Сovеnt Gardеn distriсt With
a solid wall of book shоps, all of whiсh have a grеat
atmosphеrе.It,s all a far сry from thе distriсt of low
lifе and сrimе that it usеd to bеl
.]Rеad hе еxt ndanswеrhе oI|owinguеstions.1 Hоw ong аs hеаrеа ееn ssосiаtеdith mаrkеt?2 Whеrе oеs hеnаmе ovеnt аrdеn riginаtеrom?
З Whаt an oU ind t hе еntrе f Сovеnt аrdеn?4 Whаt hangеsook Iасе hеn hеаrеаWas еfurbishеd?5 Whаt аn ou ind t hе ubi|ее/аrkеt?6 What ind f nightifе аnbе ound n Сovеnt аrdеn?7 Whats unusuаIbоut hе hopsn NеаI trе еt?8 WhatsСhаringross oаdаmousor?
Talking bout ourсountry
Z Answerhеsе uеstionsbout our ountrу.1 Doyouhаvе ny rеаs imilаro Сovеnt аrdеnn
уoUr oUntrу?an oudеsсr ibеhеm?2 Whаt inds f |оса| аrkеtsoуоuhavе? ow oуou hink hеy avе hаngеdvеr hе еаrs?
3 How ommOnsbuskingnуour ountry?4 Whаts hеnightifе ikе hеrе ou ivе? ow o
уou hink t might е mprovеd?5 What inds f rеfurbishmеntаvе аkеn Iaсе
rесеntlуnуоur own r сitу?6 How mportаnts t o kеep n nvеstingimе nd
monеyn mprovinghе urroundingsnd aсil it iеsinour ommunit iеs?
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7he 7aorуrСeleste;:1t; i'. 1:i;;:i$lt..-,,':tit;i1t.t'xi*'i*&i*nia?'rtrr*''ial1;'''
_ I
1 ln pairs, isсuss hеther ouagrееwith hisstatеmеnt:
Thеrе rе rеaturеsn hе еa hatwесаn't еginoimаginе.
Reading
2 ЕxpIainhе meaning f thesеwords.Usea diсtionaryfneсessary.
" сabin сargo сrеW deсk" |ifеboаtsails
3 sкimread he еxtаnd indoutwhy heMariеСеIestе asсonsidеrеdo bе а mysteriouship.
4 Sсаn hе extandсompIetеhe nformation.
Ship'sеstinatiоn:
Foсusmagazinе
A МARITIМЕ МYSTЕRYn 5 Novеmbu |872, Сaptain Bеnjamin Briggs and hisсrеw raisеd thе sails of thеir ship thе Мary Cеlеste inNеw Yoтk,sЕastRivеr and saiiеdout of thе harbour into
thе Atlantiс oсеan. Thеy wеrе making for thе Italian port ofGеnoa, whеrе they plannеd to unload thеir сarяo of industrialalсohol.
Ship'sargo:or iginа|umbеr f pеoplеn board:First ightingf he hip:
Beginningof IJSNavalСourt nvestigation:Dаte f ship's еstruсtion:-
i on 4 Dесembеr, hе ship was sightеdby Сaptain Мoorhousе of.. thе ship Dеi Gratia, about 600 milеs wеst of thе Azorеs Puzzled: ьy hеr irrеgularmovеmеnts, Moorhousе sеnt a small boarding.. pafiУ to invеstigatе. What thеy found on dесk is still arguеd.l ovеr today. Thе ship was dеsеrtеd: hе Сaptain, his wifе, thеir] two-yеar-old daughtеr and sеvеn сrew mеmbеrs, along with thе
only lifеboat, had all disappеarеd.
.:, What thеy had tеft bеhind suggеstеd that they must havе
. abandonеd thе ship in a grеat hurry. onty somе navigational: instrumеnts and thе ship,s offiсial doсuments wеrе takеn..: Еvеrything еlsе (provisions, watеr, сlothing and thе сrеw,s. tobaссo)rеmainеd on board. Еvеn thе сaIgoWasuntouсhеd. Inl thе сrеw,s aссommodation bеlow thе dесks, thеy found. bеdding and floors soakеd with rainwatеr, suggеsting thе shipl сou]d havе run into sеverеwеathеr after lеaving port.i
. on 13 Deсеmbеq thе US Naval Сourt of Invеstigation startеd, looking into thе сasеof thе Мary Сеlеstеand thе lеgеnd bеgan.. to takе shape. Thе Chiеf Invеstigator сonсеntratеd on somе. strangе disсovеriеs madе aboard thе abandoned ship: an aхe-.
mark and brown stains on thе deсk and Briggs, sword сould. havе bееn еvidenсе of a fight. This thеory did not stand up, howеvеr, aftеr tests showеd that thе brown stains Werе notbtood and therе was no othеr еvidеnсе of a сonfliсt on board.
Anothеr thеory was that thе сaptain and his family might havеbеen murdеredby his сrеw who had bееn drinking from one ofthе barrеls of industrial alсohol, usually сallеd mеthanol. Butthеrе wеrе flaws in this thеory' too. Меthanol doеsn,t turnpеoplе into drunks: t poisons thеm.
A slightly morе sеnsiblе thеory was that thе сrеw might havеbесomе alarmed by the amount of water the ship took onduring a storm, and dесidеd to abandon ship in thе lifеboat.Yеt
Briggs, an ехpеriеnсеd sailor, would have known thе amount ofwatеr wasn,t еnough to thrеatеn the ship.
Thе most likеly еxplanation is сonnесtеd with thе ship's сargo.Industrial alсohol is potеntially еxplosivе. If somеthinghappenеd to onе of thе barrels on board, thе сrеw would havеto aсt quiсkly. Invеstigatorsdid flnd out that onе of thе barrеlswas damagеd.It сould havе bееn damagedduring a storm andmight havе bеgun to rеlеasе ethal fumеs.Fеaringan еxplosion,thе сaptain may havе orderеd thе сrеw to abandon ship. Thесrеw lowеrеd thе lifеboat, whiсh thеn sank during thе violеntstorm. This would еxplain many of thе mystетious fеaturеsofthе ship.
Unfortunately, t сan,t bе put to thе test: hе ship was destroyеdby flrе n an insuranсe fraud 1,2уears ftеr ts сrеw disappеarеd.So thе Мary Сеlеstе took with hеr thе last hopе of solйng thеmost famous maritimе mystery of all timе.
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t.ъ
ti
1( l
{
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с.q
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r{.i"у" e.()
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5 Rеad hе еxtagain nd ind hе oursuggestedhеoriеsabout hе сrеw's isappеaran(e.1
6 Сhoоsеhе bеst nswеrо quеstiоns-4.
1 Why idСаptаinVoorhousеесidеo sеnd omеmеn oboаrd hе \4аrуе|еstе?a Hе ou|dее oonе taII n bоardhе hip.b Тhе аi|orsn hе hiphаd еnt rеqUеstorhе|p.с Тhе hipwаs aiIingn a vеrу trangе aу.d Тhеrе as omеthingddabouthе hapе f hе hip.
2 Whаt id hеmеndisсovеrftеr oаrdinghе hip?а АII hееssеntiа|rovisionsor urvivаlаd
d sa pеаеd.
b Thеre аs vidеnсеhаt hе hiphаdmеtWithstorm.
с Тhе hip'snstrumеntsnddoсumеntsеrе lIbеIowthеdесks.
d Thе rеw,sссommоdationаdnotbeеn |еptn.
3 What oеs thеlеgеnd egаno аkе hapе' еan?а Ithаdnotbееn еаrd уаnyoПееforе.b It |owlуеvе|opеdnto omеthingеfinitе.с ltgraduаI|уot ongеrndmorе omp|еx.d |tbесamе storу Vеrуonеаntеdo hеar.
4 Whу id hеmуStеryеmаin nsolvеd?a Thе hipWas oodаmаgеdorany onсlusionso bе
drаwn.
b Тhе hip аnk s t was еing roughtaсk o hеport.Тhе hipwas rokеn p bуаn nsurаnсеompanуТhе hipwаs аtеr е|ibеrаtе|yеt n irе.
Voсabu a y7 Mаtсh hеse djесtivеso thе nouns _6 to mаkеword
сombinаtionshiсh ppеаrn thе ext.
. boarding аst. |еthаI off iсiа| sеVеrе viо|еnt
1doсumеnts
4 fumеs2 wеathеr 5 stormЗ pаrty 6 hopе
M1ьter1 nd magination8 Explаinhеmеaning f thеsewords ndphrasеss hеy
arеusеd n thе еxt.,l |еgеnd 7 а|аrmеd2 strаngеisсovеriеs 8 likе|y xp|аnаtiоn3 еvidеnсе 9 еxplosion4 соnfl iсt 10 mуstеriousеаturеs5 murdеrеd 11 disаppеаrеd
6 flawsn thе hеory ]2 mаritimе уstеry
Disсusshе o||owinguestions.о Havе oU vеr еard f anymystеriеsf his ind?. Whаt ossiblеxp|аnationsouIdhеrе е orwhat
hа oеnеd?. Doyou hlnk hаt hеrеsа|wауsnеxpIanаtionor
еvеrythinghаt appеns?hу/Whуоt?
234 с
d
с,'.}.\
-Szoi$l"
Ехаlltсrаirтirtgt
Mu ti |е-сhoiсеuеstionsFirst,еаd hеquеstionsnot hеoptiоns),hiswi|| еlp
уou o oсus nwhаt o Iookor n hе еxt. hеn еаdthе еxt. еХt,obасk o hеquеstionsnd еаd |I hе
optionsаrеfuIIyndundеrlinеhеpаrts f hе еxtwhiсh е|p oumаkе our hoiсе.
Ф
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Pastmodals
1 UndеrIinеhе сorrесt ords o сompIetehе ruIеs.1 Modalsorm hеir еgаt ivеyadding ot/doot.2 ModаIsormquеstiоnsbуsing o/invеrtinghеmodаl
аnd subjесt.3 0nе modа| аnhаvе iffеrеnI еоnings/t'orms.
il.,-
3 :lQвl Youarеgoing o hеara news temаbout he
anсiеntmonumеnt tonehеngе,hiсh s n thеsouth fEngland. еad hе notеs arеfuIIy,henсompIеtеhеinformation.Stonеhеngе1 |\4еаningf Stonеhеngе.:
2 Possib|еatе f buiIding:3 Possib|еаt ionaIityf arсhitесt,:
4 Whеrеtonеs robаb|yаmе rom:5 Possib|еUrposеf hеbuilding:
4 О(J,' Listеn gain nd indout:1 howpopu|аrtonеhеngеs.
2 whу hеdruids ouIdn'tаvе ui|t tonеhеngе.3 whу tonеhengеou|dn'tavе eеn еsignеdyаn
Еng|ishеrson.4 whаt rob|emhеbui|ders ight avе аdwith hе
sToеs.
@
5 Matсh hepastmodaIso their unсtions -3.
.'mayhаvе onе ' might avе onе=. ееdn't аvе onе..оughto hаvе onе ' shоu|d аvе onе
1 еxprеssingоssibiIity2 еxprеssingbIigаt ion3 еxprеssingасk f nесеssity
6 Еxpandhе notеs t thееnd of sentеnсеs_6using nеof thеpаstmodaIsn 5.
Ехаmplel got up lаto вo t nigeod tha buв to sсhool. / gэt upearliar. ought to hаvogot up oвrlior
1 IonIy ot outof 10 ormyhomеwork. do bettеr2 l phonеd /аryhismorning ut hеrе аsno еpIу.Shе leavеhеhousе аr|y.
З Iсan't indmyswimminghings nуwhеrе./ |еаvеаtthеоooI.
4 |brought yswimminghings utwеdon't аvеswimmingоdаy./ bringhеm.
5 .Iса||еdouеarliеr ut oudidn,t nswеrhеphonе.,.I/ in hе howеr.,
6 |\i ryphonеdastnight ftеr wrotе o hеr. / writе еrаnothеrеttеr.
LogiсalеxplanationsMаtсh hеpastmodaIs -3 to thе meanings _с.] саn,t/сouIdn,tаveа This spоssiblе.2 must avе b ТhissaImоstеrtain|уmpossib|e.3 сou|d avе с Тhis sа|mostertаin|yhе asе.
Writе еntеnсеsаying hy hеpeopIen 1_7сan't/сouldn,t/сouId/mustаvеdonе hese hings. sе hеvеrb n braсkеts.
EхаmplеPau| ouldn't вvopaintad paint)thisiсturе. -'|еasno
аrtistiса|ent hаtsоever.l Sam (disсovефnеW еstаUrantntown.Hеsaid еhаd fаntаstiс еа| ut ast ight.
2 Sara (gеt)tоp аrksn hееxam f onlу hеhadwоrkеd ardеr.
3 Thеnеighbours (gо) n ho|idaуесausеhеirсаr sst iIIn hеdrivеwaу.Тhе wins (сomе)асkhomе еry аtеastnight.t 'smiddaynd heу tiIl аvеn'tot utof bеdyеI'|- (phonе)ou o sау hаtwе'dbе |аtе. forgotI hаdmуmobi|е ithmеlJim sn't еrе еt. t 's ot ike im he,s |waysn imе.His аr brеak)own.Thеgrassooks еt. t rаin)ast ight.
Desсribе hаtyou(аnsee n thispiсture.Whаtdo youthink t is or might nсеhavebееn?
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Сomplеtеhe еxtwithphrasеs_h.
a nееdn't аvе orriеd е might аvе ееn аmаgеdb саn't аvе ееn f сouId аvеormеdс might avе riginаtеd g must аvе ееn ut hеrе
d oughtо hаvе ееn toppеd might avе ееn
Disсussionlmaginеouhaddisсovеrеdomе ntеrеstingistor iсalrеmаins n а piесе f Iandwhеrе оuwеrе oingo buiIda hоusе.nsmаII roups' есidе hat ouwould/might/сou|davе onе. ivе еasonsoryоurdесisions.
flffi
s
lrgo. iГ nоt lot lgег.-i.n.."й*ii*,
"t".,o"аhat hеstonеs _
Ь'...
.ь.Ъ"..,.".iJ,-,."o,.k,
Ь .Thе соnstruсtjon
сon1panу agrееd ..,.,p*..ily to-stop Ьuiiding lvork, so i1'
that еxpеrts сoul.l dеtйi,'Ъ *h.t p.riod of historу thе ...'
..^^^" пoi-'. йot".,,.,, ih.у also strеssеd n",'''i:.\ t() l l \ )
,il.i."."ш-"* ь aЫе o wait nсlеfinitеly.
Citу offiсiаls аgrееd tlrat r,vork soollеt Ьut.: l
said that it r'vas rrrportant to prеsеrvе thе histoгiсai .;.
rеliсs.Howе,,.., ., o,-'. lo."t i.,. it,..What good is a pilе .:l,
of stonеs r,vhеnwhat .". *",,. is nеr,vhomеs?' :]:.
Сor.istruсtion r,vorkеrs
r'vеrе uddеnly ordеrеd . ,,op all Ьuilding--:l* '.1 :1^ L^v
-",.Ъ*.".,,ting
for thеappеers tnJt Wllrrс Lrrс,'
1 г б -..L,--' l i ..-..rrcРPсаt) Ll ldL tlr] l9 ' ' . i i to.кof f lats thеу disссlvеrеd sonrе
Гor-rndation ot a nсr,v ,1 :.. ,-^.1', .t.fiPOLtl.LLtdLrwrr A l'L;S еar1у st:lgе,
аnсiеt l t stonеs in r сiгсul l r toгl ttf,tton. rt ttt '
i r i ' i ' , .po'*iЬlе o s.lу .хrсtlуц hlr thе:l:].: 't
r 6rut th . ,r].ь' lt r i . ls oгiчir l .r] l r . hotrчht t l l rг
-;^J
-- .-' 'o,l.. oГаn ltrсiеnt tеlrrplе but on е
trr( ) ---:- ,| ] сo.,"."1 htrndrеd v
Let'saсtivatеHoшdid thо1do it?
. iЗ n pairs r smaII roups' еsсr ibеwhat hеsepiсturеshow,hеndisсuss:
а how hеsеmonumеntsndbuiIdingsou d/might/must/саn't аvе ееn onstruсtеd.
b what t must аvе ееnIikе orkingo buiIdhеsеmonU еПIs.
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SсiettcefiсGionDisсusshesе uestions ithа partner.1 Whаtdoes сiеnсeiсtionmean?2 Whаt сiеnсеiсtiоni|ms/bоoksаvе ousееn/rеad?id
you ikе hеm?Whу/Whyоt?3 Whу oуou hink оmе eop|еnjоyhis ind f story?
Look t thеpiсturеs. oyou rесognisеithеr f thеsesсiеnсе-fiсtioniIms?Whiсh сеnе ooks hеmostintеrеstingo you?Why?
Listеning
(ompIеtingеntеnсеsReadhе entеnсеsаrеfuIIуnd rу o mаgi nе hаt hеаnswers ight е.Whаtеvеrouwritе oсomp|еtеhеsеntеnсе ust it ngrаmmatiса|lуndbespe|torrесtIy.
3 o6Jв.zYou аrеgoing o hеaran interviewwith woасtorswho аkepart n a popu|arW sсienсеiсtion rogrammесaIIed иt of thisWorld. istеn ndсomp|еtеentеnсes_9.' l Bob hinkshat hеpopuIarityf hе сiеnсеiсt ion
sеriessduе o ts xсel|еnt2 Bеforе оrking nthesеriеs, аtе nd Bobhadbothbееn mp|oуеdn hеKate аs lwаys rеfеrredсienсеiсtiono
56
Bob s morе ntеrеstеdn thеmоst есеnt thanin sсiеnсеiсt ion.Katе ndBobаrеbоth nthusiаstiсboutNеithеr аte orBobworriеsbout hе Wnеnthеy'rеutof doors.
7 Kate uspесtshаt ewpеop|еnow hе- ofhеrsе|fndhеr o-aсtor.
8 Kаtе onfessеshаt hе s а vеry pеrson.
9 Bobсonsidеrsсtingo bеаn еxtremеlу-
Pronunсiationiounde and оpolling4 6/сз Тhе irstword n еaсhgroup1_5oссurs n the
rесording.ndеrIinеhe othеrwords n еaсhgroup hatrhymewith hе irstword. hеn istеn nd сhесk ouransWеrs.
Eхаmple:Known brown blown maan
1 еnough through thorough ough2 b|uе drеw too thrоughЗ right hеight sitе eight4 сou se Worsе hоrsе forсе5 саrе Wеаr fеar bеаr
34
aIоna
сoUgntookl ightсoаrsefair
Spеakingev.preььingeel.ingьnd oPinion65 (ompIеtehе еxpressionshе spеakеrs sеd n 3 to taIk
about hеir ееIingsndopinions. sе hesеwords.
* admitфсarеФdеnуing intog mаttеr sсеptiсa|* tirеd worriеd
1 Don't ougеt bit of аppеаringnа sсiеnсеfiсtion eriеs?
2 l wаs sсiеnсеiсtionna bigwaу.3 |'m bitmorе about сiеnсeiсt iоntor iеs.
takе hеmwith pinсh f salt '4 Doеs hat- tо you?5 | don't whеthеr,m есognisеdormysе|f'r
my ro|е.6 I'mnоtpartiсu|аr|у if nothingIsе omеs
a ong.7 l hаveo thаt 'm mbit ious.
8 Тhеrе,so- thе асt hat сtingsa vеry nsесurеorofеssion.
Сhooseivеof theexpressionsou ound n 5 аnd writеsеntеnсesf vourown.
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6timulus-basоdisсussion8 Disсusshеsе uеstions.
1 What o hеphotographshow?2 Whаt oеs hеhеаdIinеuggеst?3 Whаt dvantagеsr disadvantаgеsoуоu hink pасе
еxplоrat ionight ring?
4 Doуou hink pеnding onе y n spасеxp|оrations
wоrthwhi|е?5 How ptimist iсrе ou hаt ifе xistsnothеr |аnеts?
Hopesaisedordisсoveryof ifeonMars
tugщstingоxplanations7 6сJ",. In smaII roups, isсusshissituation. есidе
whatmightbе hе сausе f thеsе Ilnеsses.sе hеdialogue ox o help ou.
ТhеpopuIat ionf a smа||оwn nа rеmotе аrt f hесoUntrуаs еguno dеvеlop||nеssеsuсh sskinсomp|аintsndbrеаthingroblems.еаr hе own sаlargеaсtory hеrеmost f hе оwn,snhabitantsrееmpIoyеO.
SuggеstingxpIanаtions
A If уou аsk mе,Ihеусould hауеsomethingo do llliththе aсtory.
B It саn,tbе аnуthing o do tуithhаt IhefaсI.orу usthауеbeen hеreor somе imе.PеopIе ouldhауеstаrtеdаIling ill bеforenow,surelу.
С Nof neсessаrilу. hese hingsoftеn аkеsomе imetohаveаn effeсt.
A Butdon'tyou hink haI hе осtorуs themost ikеlyехplаnаtion?
С I саn,tsее whаt else t сould be.
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Тitlе
1 It was a wintеr aftеrnoon just bеforе mybirthday whеn Dеteсtivе SergеantFinnеy rangto say thеrе had bееn a dеath in a mansionbloсk. Aссidеntal, aссording to thе nеighbours.A man had fallеn down somе StеpS.
2 Snow bеgan as I lеft for Willowdalе СourtМansions. Thе dесеasеdwas Graham Dunn, a56-yеar.old,divorсеd еstatеagеntWho livеdalonе. Thе body was at thе baсk nеar thеdustbins. Nеarby, thеrе was a plastiс bag andsomе rubbish whiсh had fallеn out of it: anapplе, Somеtеa bags,a bottlе of shampoo, a tinof сat food and a лappУ.I was suspiсious.Thеman Wasbald. Why a bottlе of shampoo? Hеhad no pеts or сhildrеn, еithеr.Тhе rubbishсouldn,t havе bееn his. Wе wеnt to talk to thеnеighbours.
3 Ds Finnеy and I bеgan our еnquiriеs in thеbasеmеnt.Thе ownеrs, Rеbессaand Stеwart
Мorris, a сouplе in thеir twеntiеs, had.abatэу'Thеy told us that Dunn oftеn сomplainеdabout its сrying. Thеy madе us tеa. Thеy hadnotiсеd Dunn,s body only whеn thеy let theсat in.
4 Thе ownеr of thе flat on thе first floor was adivorсеe,Abigail Stratton.Shе had two сats,and shе oftеn lookеd aftеr thе baby for thесouplе downstairs. Shе сouldn,t stand thеdесеasеd,but shе didn,t say whУ. Shе offеrеdustеa.
5 on thе ground flooц wе had a look at Dunn,sflat. Thе door was open and his rubbish binWasеmpty. Othеrwisе all was in ordеr.Wеdесidеd to talk to thе rеmaining nеighbours.
6 A woman сalled Mrs Pritсhard livеd alonе onthе sесond floor. Shе admittеd that shе didn,tlikе Dunn. A1l day long hе playеd musiс.Finally, wе quеstionеd thе portеr,but hе hadbееn nеxt door all day mеnding a тoof.
7 Thе dеath сеrtifiсatеshowеd Dunn,s dеath wasno aссidеnt. Thе murdеrеr must havе lеft thе
rubbish to makе it look aссidеntal, but thеrubbish providеd сluеs.We wеrе fairly сеrtainwho thе murdеrеr was. Wе stood on thеdoorstеp, about to push a bеll.
A txl J, rde r itlve sG igt а t io tl. ln pairs, isсusshеsе uеstions.
, l Whу opеоp|еnjoy еаdingеtесt ivеtоr iеs?2 How аsуs t owork utwhо hе ri minаls?
Studying he samplеUndоrstandingha aaK2 Read hе ехtquiсkIy nd сhoosе he bеst itlе,a, b, с, or
d, or t .a Сluеsn а rubbish аg
b |\4urdеrtWilIowdа|еourt 4аnsionsс Aссidеntа|еathd Тhеmаnwith hеbа|d еаd
3 Now саn hе еxtand сomp|etеhe nformation.1 Possib|еr imе ommittеd2 Loсation:3 Viсtim:4 СIuеs:5 Suspесts:6 Possib|еоt ivеsor hе r imе:7 Possib|еoIut iono hе r imе:
4 Dеsсr ibеhеpeоplen thesе iсturеs.hiсhof thесharaсtеrsn thе story o you hink hey еprеsеnt?
5 Nowanswerhеquestions., l Саn ouguess ho hеmurdеrеras?2 Whуmighthеpеrson аvе ommittеdhе r imе?
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Lrealingatmosphere6 sсan he еxtagain.n whiсhparаgrаph(s)oеs hе
narrator:1 аskhimsеlf dirесt uеstion?2 dеsсr ibеhаt hеwеathеr as ikе?3 |еаvеhе еаdеrnsusoеnsе?4 mеntionhе imе fyеаr?
Steps o better writingVisualisingour 6tory7 Dесidewhiсhof thе words n thе Iist ouId e usеd o
dеsсribе:а thеwеаthеr.b surroundingsrobjесts.с а persoП'shуsiса|ppеаrаПсе.d a oеrson,sharaсtеr'
*сo|d,
rеу poor,nfortunаtе
a |ightaII f* hа|f-еаtеndisposab|еsmil ing,ound-fасеdo*аthеrrampеd" middIе-agеdwith hort, rown air* аppа|l ingIyoud
8 Put hе words n 7 into hе story o makе t morеintеrеsting.he Iist oIIowshе ordеrof the story.
Lrea|ing сharaс|orь9 Study hе еxampIе,hеnusе hеpromptso writеa
sеntеnсе еsсribingасh harасtеr.
Ехвlшple
P1awаsа 5{в*уoаr-oldstаte gentсаIled&rаhаmРunn' в bаld lтlаn,who wаьdiiorсed аnd livad аlon*.
1 fеmа|еrеd-hаirеdmidd|е-agеdRuth hompsonshop ssistantunmаrriеdthrее аts
2 mаIе dark-hаirеdBrian mith З2 сomputеrsa|еsmаnsеparаtеdtwo hi|drеn
3 mа|е grеy-hairеdTimWintеr 68 rеtirеdmarrtednoсhiIdrеn
10 writеonеsеntеnсе еsсribing сhаraсtеr f yourown.
ParagraphoPonorь11 Expandhеsе otes o makеonеor two sеntеnсеsou
сouId se o beginparagraphsn а dеtесtivetory.1 it/ bе/onеdаy/ ust еforеNеwYеar/ p.m. phonе
/ r ing2 snow bеgin аs makеmyWaу hotе| dесеаsеd
namе?З wе еnquiriеsrесеptiоndесеаsеdguеst twowееks4 2nd loor hаd Iook l iving oom dесеasеd
еvеrуthingn ordеr5 hotе| ortеradmit pеoplе ot ike dесеаsеd
unf iеndу
Writingyour deteсtivеstoryUndоrstandingha aоК
12 youaregoing o writеа shortdеteсtivеtory 200_250words).t shou|d ontain ivеor sixparаgraphs.
Plаnning
13 ln groups,mаkenotеs f thе dеtaiIs f уour tory.Brаinstormour deas nd deсidе:. whеn ndwhеrеhе torysgoingо аkе |асе.о whаt sgoingo hаppеn.. whаt harасtеrsoU rеgoingo сrеatе.. who s nvеstigаti nghаt appеns.. whаt he uspесtsrеdoing hеn hееvеnt аppеns.
Ц riting
Writing ffесtivеIyWhеn ou rеp|аnningour tory,еmеmbеro nс|udеintеrеstingеsсr ipt ionsf pеoplе,laсеs'ndevents.
14 writeyour tory s f youWеre dеtесtivе'ouсouIdinсIudеn IIustrationf thеpIасе,n objeсt r асharaсtеrn thеstorу. o not revеaIhe dеntity f thеpersonwhoсommittedhe сrime.. Dеsсr ibеhеwеаthеrnd hе imе fyеar.. Dеsсr ibеhеplaсе nd mportantbjесts.. Dеsсribеhаraсtеrsffесtive|У.. Usе djесt ivеsndadvеrbso makе our еsсr ipt ion
morе ntеrеsting.
ChocYing15 сhесk hatyouhavе:
о сrеаtеdtmosphеrе.о providеd|uеsor еadеrs.. providеdtit|е.. writtеnhе right mount 200-250 ords).
Gueььшhodid it16 ln pairs, ead ourstoriеso eaсhothеrаnd ry to guеss
whoсommittеdhе сrimеаnd whу.
шt
Ф
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l . istemЁng5 Q),.' Youаrеgоing o hеarа
story a|lеd heRunаwау.istеnаnd deсidе f thе stаtеmеntsrеtruе Т) r faIse F) ., l П Тhеdrivеr toppеdhе ar
bесausееsаwtееnagеrn
а lonеlуoаd.П Whеn estoppеd,hе аn
аWay.r] Тhеdrivеr еrsuаdеdhеgir l
to |еt rm аkе еrhоmе.П ТhеWomаn hoanswеrеd
thеdоorwаs аrah's othеr.П ThеWomаnskеdf thеrе аd
bееn сar rash.6 П Whеnhеdrivеr а|kеdaсk
tо hе аr, аrаh аd
d sа pеaеd.
Writing6 writеа short tory about 00
words) bоut strangе vеnt.Usе uеstions_4 o hеlp ouandinсIudeomе f themodalsfrom5.,l WhеreWеrе ouwhеn t
hаppеnеd?hаt аs hеwеаthеrikе?
Whо rе hеpеoplеn thе tory?Whаt rе hеy ike?Whаt аppеnеd?How oes hе torу nd?
Reading7 Sсаn he еxtand ind hе answеrs
to thеquеstions', l Atwhаt imе аn dvanсеiсkеt
holdеrsntеr?Whаt rе hеothеr dvantаgеsf
bookingour iсkеtn аdvаnсе?Whats hе ast аtе orаdvаnсеboo ing?Whiсhwо orms f pаymеntrеnоtaссеptеd?Whats hеdisаdvаntagefpауing усrеdit аrd?
D00вs0PЕN11аmAdvаnсeiсket oldersnly) 1l.30 m fbuying iсket0nhedаy.
WНAТ lLL ЕAтТHЕ сlENсЕ lсТl0N0NVЕNTION?Ф Autographigningession Guest alk 0uestionsnd nswers)
Ф OFt|с|ALhotographеssion Auсtionф Cоmpetit iоns Dea|erta||s
34
ЖжЖYfiРffiffiЕ&tYeEfiжffiffiYffТ}|Е FltЕs
ТALK 0sTARs NDWRlТЕRs.
sтARV0YAGE
sЕсRЕTsFsPЕсlAL FFЕсTSЕVЕALЕD.Costumesvailab|eobuy.
sPAсЕBAтTLESsТARsROlvlLL Pls0DEs
MANY PPEARINGOR HE |RSTlMЕ VЕRl
GINNY HЕ AMPlBЕ UNТЕR|VlЕЕТHЕ TARs ND RЕATORS,
&trdtrМ/&Nb/og#ffi#/g0FF]сIALlсl(ET NtRЕ vailabIen he
B00кYoUB lскЕт NADVANсЕAvEMoNEY GEт N ЕARtlERBook your tiсkеt in advanсеand you сan 8еt n З0 minutеs еatliеr than noтmai. Alsо
you will gеt youl autograph tiсkеt flrst whiсh mеans lеss quеuinglAdvanсе booklngs MUST bе rесеivеdNO latеI than thе 8th Dесеmbеr.AftЪr his datе
you сan buY nolmal еntly tiсkеts on thе dooт.
PAY NADVANсE Y сRЕDlт ARDWе aссеptVisa & Мastеrсaгdpaymеnts through www.paypal.сombut only in
advanсе. If you would likе to pay using еithеr of thеsесrесlitсards,сliсk on thеbutton nехt to thе tiсkеt in1brmаtion bеlow and follow thе dеtails.Notе that a
paymеnt сhargе nсurrеd whеn paying by сard is inсludеd on сhесk out.
PAYBYснE0UE R P0SтAL RDERWе aссеptСhеquеs oI Postal ordеrs (No Еurо Сhеquеs or IntеInational Мonеy Ordеrs).
PAYBYсAsHSеnd Сash by RеgistеIеd r InsurеdDеlivеry.Wе aссеptUК Poun<]s tеrling or US
Dollars (Ifpa1zing y US Dollaтs,plеasесontaсt us fot the tl.kеt priсе.Sеnd with youт Namе, Addrеss,TеlеphonеNumbеr and Еmail adЪrеss.
ф
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?гоpositions1 Сomp|еtеhe extwith hеse rеpositions.
* by n fromu in n of * to " with
Thеrе,sno longеr any nееd to fееl alarmеd ' -
things that go bump in thе night. Aссording ,- a
IеСеntstudy' ghosts сould bе thе rеsult з- the
random aсtivity of an idle brain.
Thе thеory сomеSn- a study of halluсinations
еxpеriеnсеd'- blind pеoplе.It was put ^
thе tеst by sсanning patiеnt,sbrains whilе thеy wеrе
halluсinating. Thе sсans showеd еvidеnсеaсtivity *
- thе brain,s visual сortеx whеn pеoplе
wеrе half aslееp.
Thе visions thеy еxpеriеnсеdwеrе оftеn frightеning,
suсh as grоtеsquе aсеsn- prominеnt еyеsand
Wordsшithopposite eanings3 writе hе oppositеsf thеsеwords -,l2.
1 load2 rеguа3 аppеаr4 offi iа5 touсhed6 usuа|ly7 ехpеriеnсеd8 l ikе|у9 сonnесtеd
10 dаmаgеd11 unfortunаtе|y,l2
solvеd
tееth, and ghоstly figurеs ..,
сoStumеs.,Whеn thеtе,sno information соming in and thе
brain is idlе, t Starts o рroduсе thеsе magеs,, ai d
onе IеSеaIсhеr.I,m surеghosts, fairiеs and witсhеs all
rеlatе n SomеWay ' - thеsеdisеmbodiеdhalluсinations. It еxplains why сharaсtеrs , -
supеInaturaltalеs from around thе world lоok so
similar.'ThеЕхprеss
'..::::.::1:;]i .].{i:: :';.'].:]:]ili]'':'''-'-':::..]...]:]]ilii]ii]:]:i]].]::]]:1ii'].:ii|:i:].]
Thо right varb2 Соmplеtеhe sentеnсеs ith he сorreсt ormof thеse
vеrbs.* аbаndоn dаmаgе dеstroy ordеr puzz|e rаisе
1 Thеrе avе ееnmаny lans- thеwrесk f heТitаniсrоm hеbottom f hеoсean, ut o arnoonеhas omе pwith nе hаtworkеd.
2 ln thе есond or ldWаr,hе еtrеаtingrmу- thеbridgеsvеr hе ivеr.
3 Thе rеw adnoсhоiсе ut- thе inkinghip.4 Тhе есrеt f thеorigin f сrop irсlеs- еxpеrtsf
thеparаnormа|ordесаdеs.5 Whеn hе hiphitаn сebеrg,hеСаptаin- thе
сrеW o оwеr hе ifеbоats.6 Тhе torm еriоusIy thе аiIs, аkinghе hip
unаblеoсontinuеts ournеv.
Ordоr ot aфoc|iveь
4 Put hе adjeсtivеsn thесorrесt rdеr.1 A / blасk smal| suspiсiоus-lоoking.. br iеfсasе.2 A / |еаthеrbrown |аrяе.. сhаir.З А(n) sportsold-fаshionеdb|uе ..саr.a A(n) Swissgo|d еxpеnsivе..wаtсh.5 A(n) fast imprеssivе.|ооkingJаpanеsе.. motorbikе.
old-fashionеd
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TheSoundMochine y Roаld аht
oсl,.,.Some
time аgo,' |(lausner aid, .| made a simpleinstrument hat provеd o me the existenсе f many oddinaudible ounds. ften hаve аt andwatсhеd he need[е fmy nstrumenteсordinghe presenсе f soundvibrаtionsnthe air when I myself ouldhеаrnothing. nd those are hesounds want o l isten o. I want o | <now herе hev сomefromаnd whoor what s ma|<inghem.'
.Andthаt maсhine n the able here, 'thеDoсtor aid, is
thatgoing o al low ou o heаr hеsenoisеs?'.|tmay.Who knows? o far, 'vеhаdno [uсl<.ut I'vemаde
someсhangеsn tаnd onight 'm еady oranother rial. hismaсhinе,' e said, ouсhing t with his hands, isdesignеd o
piсk up sound vibrations hat are too high-pitсhed orreсeption y hehuman ar, nd o сonvеrt hem o a sсaleofaudible ones. tune t n,almost ikе rаdio.
. lt isn't ompliсated.ay Iwish o isten o thesqueak f abat.Тhat's fair ly igh'pitсhеdound about hirty housandvibrations seсond. heаverage umanearсan'tquitehearit.Now, f herewеrе bat tying round his oomаnd I unedin to thirty thousandon my maсhine, would hеar thеsquеa|<ingf that bat very сlear[y. would еven hеar theсorreсt otе_ F sharp, r B f lat, r whatеvert mightbe_ butmеrеly t a muсh owerpitсh.Don't ou understand?'
ТhеDoсtor ookеdathe ong,blaсkсoffin-box.
Andyou'regoing o try t tonight?'
'Yes.'...
. . .Heplaсed he box areful ly n a sma[lwoodеn ablе hatstoodon the [awn. e returnedo thеshеdand etсhed pairof еarphones.He plugged hе wire сonneсtions rom theеarphonesnto he maсhine nd put thе earphonеs vеrhisеars. hеmovemеnts f his handswerequiсkandprесisе. ewas exсitеd, nd brеathed oud[y nd quiсkty hroughhismouth.Hе kept on talking o himselfwith t itttewords ofсomfort ndenсouragemеnt,s hough ewere fraid afraid
that hеmaсhinеmight otworkаndafraid lsoof whatmighthappеn f t did ..
Тhе needle rеpt lowlyaсross hе diаt, nd sudden[y eheard shriеk, fr ightfut ierсing hriеk, ndhe umped nddroppеd is hands, atсhing otdof thеedgeof he ablе.Hеstarеd roundhimas if еxpесtingo see the personwho hаdshrieI<еd.hеrеwas no onе n sightexсеpt he woman n thegаrdennext door,and it was сertainly ot shе. She wasbending own, utting el[ow osesand putting hem n hеrbaskеt.
Again t сame_ a throatlеss,nhuman hriek, harpandshort, ery
с[ear nd сold.Thenote tselfpossessеd minor,mеta[[iс uatity hat hе had nеverhеard beforе. (lausner[ooked roundhim,searсhingnstinсtive[yor the sourсeofthе noise. hewomannеxtdoorwas the only iving hing nsight.Hesaw her eасh own, akeа rosеstem n the ingersof onеhandandsnip hestemwitha pairof sсissors. gainheheard hеsсrеam.
Itсameаt the exaсtmomеntwhеn hestеmWas uI.
Your eaсtions
ln pairs, isсusshеsе uest ions.о Whаt oуou hink lаusnеropеd is еdеsignеd
maсhinе ouId еаb|еo do?о Whаt onnесt ionoуou hink hеWomаnn hеgаrdеn
nеxt oor adwith hе оundhat еhеаrd?о Hоw sеful|о ou hink mасhinеikеKlаusnеr,s
wou dbе?o Doуou greеhаt |аnts ight аvеееlingshеy an
соmmuniсаtе?Why?iwhуot?)
q&
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Grammar.. Put hеverbs n brасkеtsnto hе сorreсtеnsе.
СompIеtеhеsе dvеrb |ausеswith hеsеwords.
if so hаt a|though bесаusеso thаt wh |е orWhеn
1 ТhеUFo tоrу аsmystеrious еVеrуonеwаntеdo knowmоrе.
Ididn't еl iеvеn а|iеns,I dесidеdoviьit oswе|' 'I wеnt o hеAirFоrсе asе
IсouId ее f thе torуWаs rue.
4-
|was hеrе , hаdstra gе xpеrienсе.
5 - peоp|еskеdmеаboutit , соuIdn'tеmеmbеrnуthing
6 -I hаdrеmеmbеrеdsomеthing,might аvе rovеdthаt hе tоry аs ruе.
7 Noonе istеnеdo mе lhаdno proоf.
Сhoosеhе bеstmodаI оrеaсhsеntenсе.1 .Timisсonvinсеdеsаw UF0.,
,Hemusthаvе/shouIdаvеimaginеdt '
2 ,|сan,tindmуmоbi|еhonеаnуwhеrе.',Youought o hаvе/mауаvе eft.it аtsсhoоl.,
3 .I'vеbroughthis tаr rеk idеоto wаtсhhis vеning.',Younееdn,t аvе/сou dn,tаvе.Wе'vе lrеadyееnt.,.Ithink еtеr as orgottеnbout
mybirthdaу.,,Heсаn,t аvе/mustаvе one.Hеnevеrorgеtsnуthing.'.I 'vеfinishеdеpаir lnghесompUtеr.,,Youсаn't аvе/shouldаvе.Youon|y tаrtеd0minutеsgol'.СIаrеwasUnSUrеbоut hаt hеsaw.',Do
уou hink hеиighthаvе/oughtohаvе adаpа a ormаl xpеriеnсе?,
UFosarеbigbusiness. oviе roduсers- (make) uge ortunеsoutof them, сientistsndwritersmake heir ivingsrom nvеstigatingthem, ndhuge arts f he nternet.- (dеdiсate)o them. n aсt,mostpеoplе - (be) asсinatedy the hought f аl iens isit ingEаrth.
Perhaps neof the most amous tOsightings_ (happen)nRoswel[,ewМexiсon y47.ln.|uly,omе trange reсl(agenda сrashsite5
- (find) t heUSAir Forсe aseat Roswell,usta month ftersomeoneu - (spot)nine disс-shаped Fos ftyingover vlountRаiniеr. l[ sorts of reports ollowed f aliens,dead and alive,whiсh,
- (see)at the site.An investigation (сarryout) byGovernmentgents, utwhat сtually appened-(nеver/reveal).
Тo ryand ind utmorе,We o- (interview)rGrееn, mеmbеrf
thе Roswе[tnstitute.everal ears go'Green . (work) t theCentre hеnhe , - (сontaсt)y hesonof theseсurity anwho', (be) nguard utywhеn hеUFoсrash appеned.pparentty,
hjs athеro (sеe) [ien orpsеs nd vеn ive l iеn ear he rаshsite.Afterhе nсident,ovеrnmentgеnts,- (threaten)is аther nd
he was orbiddeno te[l nyone boutwhаthe u (witness).utmany ears atеr, hen ewas [l, е , (rеvеa[)t o hisson,whothеn oldDrGrеen. oon fterwards,hе onhimsеlf,- (warn ff)by mystеrious en rеssеdn btaсk uits.
Sinсе Roswel[,here ' _--._ (bе) housands f UFo sightingsworldwidе. ome ,o (be) xplainеdy naturaI henomena,utwhatabout he others?
And f thеre eaIly rееxtraterrestria[sivinson aliеnplanets..
(be) nterestedn visit ing s?
Сhoosehе best Itеrnativеor еaсh еntеnсе.1 Assoon sТrеvor otiсеd/wаsotiсinghеstrаngеight n thеskу, е rеpoпеdt
tо hеpoIiсе.2 Bу hе imе hеpо|iсе rrivеd,hеstrаngеight addisаppеаrеd/disаppеаrеd.з Didуouvisit/Hаdouvisitеd еw Vеxiсon 1947?4 Тhеguаrd аw hеаIiеnwhilеhеhаdworkеd/wаsorkingt Roswе|l.5 Aftеr еhаd ееn/sаwhеа|iеn, еwantеdo еlI еop|еboutt.6 Sсott аs аsсinаtеd.'е аsnеvеr еаrd/hаdеvеr еаrd bou| oswе||еfоrе.7 Dеbra as irеd. hеhаdbееn еаding/wаsеаdingbоut trаngеhеnomеna||
n ght.8 Еddiе o d/wаsеlling ghost torywhеn || hе ightsWеnt Ut .9 Тinаwаsn,t е|iеving/didn'tеliеvеnghosts ntil hеSaW nе.10 | wаs е оring/hеаrdstrangеoisе hi|еwаs уingnbеd. t оundеdikе n
aеrop|аnеas lуing/flеwver hehousе.,::. .
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Voсabularyфeсtives dоsсribing оopla
5 put hеsе djeсtivesnto hесorrесt atеgoriеs.
7 Сhoosеhесorrесt ption, ' b or с, to сompletеhe еxt.
LrsfrwФёkendDavidSmith visitedHamptonCourt Palaсeand had a strangeenсounter.sudden wind mаde thе hаirs r ise on the bасkof my neсk'.. had just setfoot n the hauntedgаl lеry. ghost?, said.Aсtual|y hereЪ draught romthosе doorwаysi grinned he tour guide.
For sсеptiсs, hereЪ alwаys a .- exp|anation.But reсent|y o mаny
visitors have bеen ,- by the sight of a phantom hat HamptonCourt
Pa|aсe as сal|еd n the ghostbusters.
Dr RiсhаrdWisemаn, а professiona| nvestigator f the pаranormа|, s.
- the sightings. HeЪ fi||ingHеnry Vl l lЪ home with 21st сenturygadgets o try to o
- whether thе ghost reallyexists.
But as he prepared o u_ the paranormal,Dr Wiseman admitted: ldon.t hinkwе,rеgoing to f ind а ghost here. don,tbe|ieve n ghosts.But l
don't think people are lying,'he adds. l 'm here to understandwhat havebeen real u-, and I hаve to admit this is quite a mystery',
People say the ghost is HеnryЪ V|IlЪwife, the 2O-year-o|d atherineHoward, Cаtherine spent her |аst days at Hаmpton Court before beingbеheаded at the Tower of London, Da\rs before her deаth shе tried to ,
from her odgingand _ the room of the King. But beforesh eсouId eасhhim аnd beg for merсy, hе was draggedbaсk.
Now visitors o HamptonCouгt are invited o identifyаrеаs of the gaIlerywhere they fee| ,сoId,, t ing|y,or something more to heIp Dr WisemаnЪghost-hunt.
One night I went to the gal leryalone, hoping to '_ the ghost. t wasone а'm., he gal|еryWas o
-and it was diff iсu|to ,,
-thingsout
in thе darkness, сou|dn,t uitewa|ka|ong he сorridorwithout expесtingsomethingdrеаdful o happen'
there was а noise - the door was s|owl\r opening. Ibrightwhite _ my breath, hen as I turned round. I was bl inded by
Iight.Was this the ghost of Cаtherine?No. it Wasn,t ' t 14 to be thenewspаperЪ hotographer rmed with а сamerа |аsh
From А Palace Spook: not a ghost of a сhance'bу David Smith,The Еxpress _ |nternetЕdition
Thе rightwords
1 a |ogiса|2 a paniсkеd
3 a lookinground4 a findоut5 a tаkеn6 a еxperimеnts7 a break8 a makе t9 a run ntо
10 a aIonе11 а mаkе12 a Quiсk|y13 a hеId.l4 a turnеd vеr
0Etr i)E
baId .еldеr|y smal| сur|y
grеу-hairеdmiddlе-аgеdthindаrk-hаirеd.u8lУ .strаightсasuаI.youngish fаshiоnablеin hеir ееns twеntiеs sсruffу
tа|| .оvеrwеight.wе|I-buiItintеrеstig-|ookig .. attrасtivеrеd-hаirеd.bеаrd ., Iondеmoustасhе W3VУ- srnаrtsuspiсious-|ooking
сIothes
gеnеraI ppеaranсе
Findwords onnесted ithmystеryand maginationhiсhmean hеsame s he oI|owingexp|anаtions.he irstand astlеtters f еaсhwordaregiven.
1 a storу assеdn romonеgеnеrаtionoаnothеr:l--d
2 thе aсtshatmakе oubeliеve
somеthings ruе: --е3 possiblееasonsor omеthing:
|-Vе-s4 vanishеdithoutrасе:
d--d5 unusuа|indings:--е
d-s6 something||ogiсa|bout hе
еxp|аnаtion:f--w in а
ty
b сonsidеrаb|еb а|аrmеdb Iookingvеrb |оok utb tаkеoffb еxpеriеnсеsb avoidb makе utofb runovеrb dеsеrtеdb sееb Suddеnlуb kеptb turnеd p
с sеnsItlVес fеarfuIс |ookingntoс trуoUтс taKе nс rеSеаrсnс еsсаpес makеorс rundownс VaсаnT
с Watсnс |mmеdiаtе|ус sеizеdс turnеd ut
Ф
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Extrertтеsports
1 took at thepiсtures.anyouname hesе хtrеmеports?
,*;1+'.,:,
Rеadingz Skim еad he ехtаnd ind out how hе writеr е|tduring
hiswingwaIk.gnorеhеgaps.
Mаtсhing eаdingsA hеаdingsuа||yighIightshеmostmportаntiесe finformationr hemain dеa n а pаragraph.еаd асhpаrаgrаphаrеfu||уnddесidе hаt оu hink t saboutbеforеhоosinghеhеading.
1Wing wа|king s a spine-сhi||ingсtivity onсe saw on a TV
p|.ogiu''. саIIedDon,ttry hisat home,. fter eeing t, h0ught0
myse|f,l.dlove o hаvea go аt hat , сouрlе fyeаrsаgo, aсtuall
appl iedora obаsa wingwalker, utwasunsuссessful,hatwаs he
endof hat, r so I hought.
2Тhen, fewmonths go. |oсaI ewspаper iсked pon hestorytha
l hadbeen hosen o takepart n a relаy aсearound ritain. urin
the ntervieщwe tаlked bоutthe iffеrentports ndасtivitieshа
donearoundhewor|d. wаs henasked,WhatЪnext?' had o st o
аnd hinkorabouthreemil|iseсonds.Iwould oveodoаwingwalk
AftertheinterviеwWas0ver,Iwentstraightontothe|nternetсаmrасrossаcompаnyсaIledAerosuperbаtiсs. lthoughtl.dthemа try.As it turnedout. he summerwas theirbusiest ime, o l
wаs to|d o сontaсt hem owardshe endof August.
зТhesummer ameandwent, nd hings egan o lookрromisingo
the wingwa|k.At arоund his time, wаs сontaсted у the сhariSeeAbil i ty,hiсhprovides esidentialursing аre оr bl indpeopI
withdisabi|ities.heywere rying o rаise hе publiсЪ wareness l
theсharity ndwondered hether сou|d elp o promotehe сhari
in any way. explаinedhe situationwith thе wing wa|k.and w
deсidedhаt hiswаs he deа| ссаsion.
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3 Matсh he hеadings _g o paragraphs_6.Give easonsforyour hoiсе. hеrе s onеheadingoudo notnееd.
a An unp|еasantftегеffесtb A noisу еginningс A frustratеdmbit iond A dangеrousomеntе A pеrfесtpportunitу
f An unforgеttаblеxpеriеnсеg A сhаnсе nсountеr
ln pairs, isсusshesе uest ions.
] How id hеwritеrirst есomеntеrеstеdn winяwа kinя?Whаt еmindеdhеwritеr bоut isprеviousmbition?Whаt urnеdhеwingwаIknto omethingorеworthwhi|еhаn ust nothеrxсit ingxpеriеnсе?Whаt ind f planе id hеwritеr se orhiswingwalk?
How idhе ее| shеdidhisdanсеoutinе?Lookingaсk, hаt oes е ее| bouthеwingwa|kingflight?
Voсabu aryLeisurо aс|ivit'ioь
5 СompIеtееntеnсеs_8with hesе ords.
.,donе. givе .got. grabbedhаvе..rеmаin
.. аkеpаrt .wаs lowing washaving
1 |'d ikе o аgo
аtwingwа|king.
2 I,vе sportsndасt ivit iеs|| vеr hеwor|d.3 Iwаnt o tаndеm ky iving try'4 I'vе |waуs antеd o in а rе|аyaсе5 l - anamazingimе.6 Тhе drеnаIinе through уbody.7 Whеn thе hаnсеodowingwaIking,
thеopportunity8 Тhеmеmorу f hе l ight i| l==- withmе orеvеr.
Ъpeed nd movоmоnt6 Matсhwords _7 o meanings _g, ссordingo how hеy
arе usеd n thе ехt.1 sprn2 hеad or3 roаr
gathеrpееd|еаvеhеgroundflаp
7 pummеl
Disсusshе oIIowinguestions.о Whаt'sour pinion f еxtrеmеports?o Whаt oуou hinkmаkеs еop|еoеxtrеmeports?. Somе еop|еее| hаt ifеs ooboring owаdays.hаt 's
vour оinion?
2з
4
56
my bodуbeing ummelledy he astmoving ir. hadbeen o|d o
WaVemyhands rounсlo showthe i|ot nd hepеop|e n heground
that wаshavingun. wаs so exсitedhаt stafted oingmySaturday
Night ever outine. he p|ane erformedome riсkymаnoeuvres.t
fe|t s f was on a rо|ler oаster.was o|dater hatwe Wenthr0Ugh
a rangeof .2Gs o +ЗGs. hismeаnt hаtonе minutemy bodywas
inсrejibty eavy. nd hеnеxt nсredib|yight.didn,teaIly аre. was
having nаmаzingime.
0n hedayof hewingwalk, twas rаining.hiswasn0ta good |gn.
Butby he imewe had eaсhedheairpоrt,hе аinhаd tоpрed'met
upwiitrtheеamby hebright|yoloured tterly utterly iplane. fter
a shоrt hat, was strаppedo thestand n op of he planeЪwings.
Тhen twas ime or hepropel lero start pinning. e headedor he
runway ndwaited or hеоthеr ir raffiсo сleаr thenwe wereoff.
Withenginesoaring, e moved own he unwаy, atheringpeed s
WeWent' hen. l| f a sudden. eWere eаvinghegrоund.5Aswe startedoс|imb,he kin nmy асe tаrtedo lap. сouldee|
After bout 5minutes,twаstime 0сome own. felt s f hadon|y
beenup here orа fewseсonds.suppose should avebeen oldbut
the amount f adrenаlin|owing hroughmy bodywаs more han
еnougho keepme Warm. nсе off heplаne ndon heground, y
shouldersеganoaсhe. worked utthаtthis ust ave een aused
bymydanсing gаinsthewind.
Тhememory f he lightWill emаin ithme or ever. f oueverget he
сhanсе owiпgwalk,grab he opportunityithbothhands. nd fyou
dоn,t. ivemе a shout nd ,l| o t oryou.
1l
l
i:t:l
t.
:,
4)6
inсrеаsеhеpaсе fmovе pаnddownbеаt uiсk|ynd еpеatеdlуithyour is ttаkеoffmovеn hеdirесt ionfmovе uiсklу, aking Ioud,dееp oisеturn ound uiсk|y
..::,r,i,:r,::r,::::....-.r:,,,:::r.rr,'..:::.:,::.,,,.r::9:t:::ltar'',,,iil ':r'r'i':r':irl::::'irili::rr.,::i
..::.,1:@
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Rеаd tatementsl-4and dесidе f thеyаre ruе Т)or false F) .
1 П Wе orm hеpassivе ith hесоrrесtormofbе+ paSI artiсip|е.
2 П A|| еrbs аnbеusеdnthеоassivе.3 П Wеusе hеpassivеhеnwеknowwhоorWnat
did heасt ion.4 П Wеusе hеpаssivе iIh уwhеnwеWant osаy
whodid hеaсt ion.
Read he еxtandunderIineI| hе exampIesf thеpаssivе.hеn aywhiсh ensеshе passiveеrbs re n.
l{ewZealandhitstheworld tаgе
NewZealands a сountryhat houtd ewatсhed ith
intеrest.t's atentednhabitantsre astbeсoming
intеrnationallУamoцs. ears goNеwZеalandersuсhaswriter atherine ansfietdndpainter ranсes odgkins
werе orсedo travеl broad o find uссess. owever,ow
that hespeed f travel asbеengrеatlynсrеаsednd
сommuniсationsrebeing mproved lmost ai[ц
internationaleсognitionasalsobeenaсhieved y New
Zealandersho have hoseno staУ t home.n rесеnt earsfilms ikeThe iano,whiсhwasdireсted yJaneCampion,
andTheLordof theRings ritogy, hiсhwasdireсted yPеter
Jaсkson' avebeеnhuge[yuссessful.ndеed he ordofthe
Ringsnoton[ywokе he estof heworldup o NewZealand
talent цtalsohetped dvertise hata bеautiful ountryt s.
Тhe ouristndustrУ asboosted nd heсountry's
geographiсalsolation asbeсome nadvantages moreentertainers,rtists, ndmusiсianseet hey an ivе nd
work n NеwZea[and hite еaсhingut o audienсeso the
rеstof hеworld.
Сhangеhе sеntenсеsromaсtivе o passive. se hеundеrIinеdords s hеsubieсt.
1 Thе s|аndsаvе ttrасtеdouristsrom lIovеr hеworld.
2 Thеnеw ki еsort i|| ttraсtis itorsrom broаd.3 Pеop|еhink hе s|аndsrе hеpеrfесtoIiday
dеst iаt ion.4 Thе ravеl gent аdbookеdhе lights еfore е
аrrangеdhеaссommodatiоn.5 Thеу i|medThеord I thеRingsn Nеw еaland.6 Peop|еаvе аughtishwеighingp o400kgn Nеw
Zеalаnd'sау f Is|ands.Ехаmple
Touriэts rom а|l ovor the worldhаve beanаttraсtodbу the olаnde.
?aььivo ormэuith tha gэгundandtho nfinitivo4 Matсh uIеs -3 to еxаmpIеs-е.
Rulеs1 Passiveorms rеoftеn sеd ftеr erbs o||owеdva
gеrund,.g. njoу eingtаkеno .,Thеy an Iso еusеd fter еrbsoIIowеdyaninfinitivе,.g.want o bе аken o ..Pаssivеorms anа|so е usеd ftеr rеpositiоns,.g .lookforwаrdobеingtаkеno ..
Hеhopеso be lown verMount ookna hеIiсoptеrТheN4aoriuidе аs uitе е|аxеdbout eing skеdthе amе uestions|| hе imе, uthеgot irеd fbеingphotographedy ourists.I rеmеmbеrеing ivеn tоur f hеmusеumnAuсk|аnd.
d Wеwant o be oIdabоut hеdisсovеrуf thе Bay fIsla ds.
e Joеnjoyеd еing hownamousourist ttrасtiоns.
Сomplеtеhе sесond entenсеn eасhpаirso t mеаns
thе samе s hе irst.Useа passivеormand a gеrund ran nfinitivе.1 IwouIdn,tisk omеonеriving еupMount ook.
lwouldn'tisk...2 Sаrаh as ookingorwаrdo somеonееасhingеr
sсubа iving.Sarah as ookingorwardo ...
3 Мlyr iеnd an,t tand еopIeеlIing imаbout istоry.N4yriеnd аn't tand ..
4 | nееd omеonеo advisе еabout hiсhN4aoriiI|aяеtovisit .l nееd ..
5 I don,tmindpеop|еuiding е ound ouristitеs.I dоn,tmind ..
6 Wеexpесt omеonеogivеusa Iift o thеNorth apе.Wе xoесt..
ab
passlYе
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Rеwritehе sеntenсеsn thеpassivе.
1 FamiIiеsftеn hoosеhеbеaсhеsf |\4ount\4аungаnuifor hеir oIidays.Тhеbеaсhеs...
2 Watеrnd се arvеdhе olсаno e an ее n NеwZеaIandoday.Тhе olсаnoеs..Тhеy ui|t uсk|anditу mongmany xtinсtolсаnoеs.Auсk|and..ln AD1З0, n еnormoUsolсaniсxpIosionormеdLakе aupo.Lakе аupo . 'Thе xpIosionеstroyеdhе orеstsn hеNorth s|аnd.Тhе оrеsts..You аn ind ivе f hеbеst ikingtrаi|sn Nеw ea|andin hеFjordIandatiоnaIark.Fivе ..
Causativehovelget7 took at the ехаmp|еs andb and сompIеtеuIеs and2.
a I hаd hеsе hoеsmаdawhenwas n NеwZea|аnd.b Simon sgottinghishаir ut bеfore еgoes n
hoIidаy,Rules1 Wеusе hесorrесtеnsе f hоvе r +objесt
todosomеthingorus.
2_
СompIеtеhe sentеnсеssing he сorrесtormof hаve/gеtsomеthingone and hе dеas n brасkеts.'1 Wе'rе oingo (bеdroompaint) еxtwееk' t
Iooksеrrib|еt hеmоmеnt.2 Your аir ooks iffеrеnt. (it dyе)?3 It 's oсoId еrеn wintеrWе (сеntraIеаt ing
instaI|)t hеmomеnt.
56
I must (thе omputеrсhесk).t 's otworkingprоpеr|y.|\4у аtсh rokе astmonth o|- (it rеpаir).Wе (adishwаshеrput n) n hеkitсhеn
rесеnt|y.owwеdon'thаvео wаsh p.Myparеnts (thеir еw ousе bui|d)уa loсa|сonstruсtionompаnуast еar.|- (thеsеhoеs mаkе) ya сrаftsmann |Vехiсo.
Lеt'saсtivatеHolidalpreparations9 Look t thеpiсturesnd saywhat hings ouarеgoing o
havе/getonеbеforе ougoon ho|idаy. se hе promptsto hеIp ou.
rеsеrvаtionsmakе shоеs rеpаir с|o thеsс|ean
сar sеrviсе hair сut pаssportrеnеw
Ntrrl
whеnwеask/payomеonе
is |еssormаlhan
I
10
11
12
DRY
Тouгiоt uidaPro6antationIn pairs, rеpare prеsеntationor a short oaсh our ortouristsn yourarea.Dесidеwhiсh oute hе sight.sееingtourwiII akе ndwhiсh Iасеsf nterеstouwiIl alkabout. hink bout:
monUmеnts,аrks' usеums,Iасеsf histor iса|ntеrеst,еntеrtаinmеnt,aturaIеаturеs
Makеnotes o rеmind ouwhat o mеntionn yourpresentation.ddanу nformаtionou hink ourists iI lfind ntеrеstin8,.8.whenpIaсеs erebui|t,whу Ioсаlpеople reattraсtеdo thesеpIaсes, herе ouсanhavеyourphotographakеn.
Nowgivе ourpresentationaboutwominutes aсh)oanothеr airof students.
Ф
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Undоrstandingnnounemonllвlmaginе hatyouhavеhada dayout n London nd arеnowgoing omеby rain.When ouarrivе t the stаtion
уounotiсе hatyour rain s noton thе nformationboard.Whаtquеstions ouId ouask o findout hе
followingnformation?1 p|аtformor hеЕdinburghrаin?2 lale?3 pаssеngеrUеUeo standn?4 еxpесtеdimе f dеparturе?5 faсiIit iesnboаrd?6 .savеrtiсkеts'ссеptеd?
6сJ,', Listеno thе station nnounсementnd indаsmany nswеrs spossibIеo thеquеstionsou hought fin 6.
4 Listеn gain ndanswеrhequestions'
1 Whу id hеRomansеttIеn Londinium?2 Whаt аs ееn onе o protесtоndon gainstloods?3 Whу idLondontop еing major ort?4 Whywеrе hеdiffеrеntаrts f hеLondon yе otbui|t
in onеp|асеn|у?5 WhеrеWеrе omе f tsparts ui|t?
5 UndеrIinehеphrasеsndsеntenсeshеspeakеr sеd.ЕxpIain hyhе/shе sеd hеm.
1 this idn't аppеn усhаnсеthis snосoinсidеnсе2 asitwаs al|еdthаt,s hаt еоp|еа|lеdt
3 thе ivеr аs itа|o radе nd rаvеl thе ivеr as
)6
rеаI|уmpоrtаntor rаdе nd ravеlbr ingingn аnd еndingоodso sе|| mport ingndехportingoodsorsa|еhappеnеdftеn wеre rеquеntсondit ionsаvе rеаt|уmprovеdthings rеmuсhbеttеr owwas еa||уiffеrеntсhangеdrofound|уLondonеrsikеhеThаmеs lot thеThаmеsаsbесomе sourсеf p|еasurеo Londonersthеy inishеdt n sеvеn ears it tооk еvеn еarsoсomp|еtе
7
8
Spеakingg 6),.o ln sma|I roups,aywhiсhof thеpIaсesou
wouId ikе o visit f youwеrе n London ndwhy.Usе hedialoguе ox o hеIp ou.
Saying hiсh ou prеfer
A l,d muсh аther otо Тowеr ridge hаnvisit hеLondon yе.B Wе||,,dpre|ero visit hе London уe есоuseI'sa
IovеIуaу nd hе iеw hould е аntаst iс.С Aсtuаllу, thinkThеG|olэеhеаtrе ouldbe muсh
morе nterestinghаnеithеr f thosе.А Personаllу, |ind Ihe hеatrе otherboring.B Mе too. don,t indТhеG|obе оlf аs nterestings
most f hеothеr hings есouId isit .С Right. еt,s o o thе London уе' hеn.
itimuluо- baьoddiьсuььion9 Disсusshesе uestions.
1 Whаt о hеstatistiсsеIow how?2 Whаt ttraсtionsopеoplеikе o visit?3 Whаt ort f аttrасtionsаn ou ее n hеphotos аnd
2?Why oyou hink hеу rеpopular?4 Whаt rе hеmost opuIаrouristttraсtionsnуоur
сou try?5 ShouIdrtgaIlеr iеsndmusеumsе reе, r shouId
pеоplе ay ovisit hеm?
t:
lt
Тэр iuе ourisl аttrаctiоnsn Lоndon
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.* Сompletеhе survey boutеntеrtainmеnt'hеnсomparе ourсIass еsults.Whаtdo thеy how bout ourprеfеrеnсesor entertainment?
watсh TV
listеn to thе radio
8o to thе сinеmago to thе thеаtrеlistеn to a сassеttеor СD
nеvеr sоmеtimеs
ПППППППП
П П
vеry oftеn
E:
Studying he sample
Thе Womсlп п Blасk, now showing at thе Foгtunе Thеatrе inLondon, is a play basеdon u gr'o,.-ttory adщtеd from a novеl.a
t
t
:t{
by Susan нill. It tеlls thе tл" Ьr u',,u,'*"
o*urе who appearsunexpесtеdly throughout thе plav.Аlthough thегеaтеsi x
I".T:]" h",.".".;;ff:";:i.::.Н;'#,,old,
malеnd' (diffеrenсе)arts.Thеydo this еxt.еmеiy uссеsstutlyyadoptinganothеr oiсеor physiсalupp"u.u.,.", r simplyputtingon another oat.
3 Тhе story сеntresaround a young man who visits thе isolatеdhousе of somеone who has ."...,1ty diеd. Thе loсal inhabitantssееmunwilling totalk about thе house, or its pтеviousownеr.As thе story dеvеlops, the truth about thе strangе figurе isslowly revealеdbut thе геal twist сomеs at thе еnd, when theaudiеnсе is lеft , (amazеmеnt)that a stagеplay сould сonvеysuсh a з (powеr)mеssagе.
Thе stagеdireсtion isu . f ighin*,, ,*n,}1'iffii;f
,.::T,j3;.i,Т J art,haudiеnсе from plaсе to plaсе in sесonds.I., udditio.', a baskеtbесomes a ra1|waу arriagе, еliminating thе nесеssity for" (еxpеnsе)and , (inсonvеniеnсе) sсеnесhangеs.Sоmе sсеnеs arе truly 8(fright) and thеrе wеre oссasions whеnthе audiеnсе was sсrеaming in tеrrol. Howеvеr, thе play
nеvеrallows the audiеnсе to sееtoo muсh, and mеrely suggеstssupеrnaturalhappеnings, whiсh is surprisingly, (еffесt).Тbr ay morе would givе еverything awЪy.so] ш you arе rеadyto suspеndyour disbеliеf and bе tй,',po.t"j into thе thri]l nf я
Undsrstаndingha аsК
Look t thepiсturеs. hat nformаtionrеtheygiving?
Rеad hе ext.Mаtсh hе rеviewеr'sdеаs _f oparagraphs_6. gnorehе nouns n braсkets'а rесommendаtionsb tесhniсaIеtaiIsf hеoroduсt ionс briеf Ummaryf hеplot
d introduсtiono hе hаraсtеrse subjесtf hе еviеwf own pinionsbouthеplay
Цloгdbuilding4 Сhangehe nouns -10 ntoadjeсtives.
quitе оftenti
ППП
П
'ifеtimе,o,, ."o,-,,,
';:;(.;;;;;il,,J"ТЬ*
rnto hеthri.lof a i
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Usеa_f romexеrсisе as paragrаph еadings ndputthesewords onnесted ith he heatrеnto heappropriatearagrаph.
* aсtоrs сharaсtеrsсost f produсtion dirесtor|еngthf pIaу |66311onf hеаtrе musiс othеr r it iсs'opinions plot* produсеr rесommеndationssеtting* spесia|ffесts stagе rops strеngths tесhniсaIdеtaiIs wеaknеssеswritеr your pinion
6 Dесidewhiсhwordsn exеrсise are mportаnto nс|udеin a rеview ndwhiсhonеsarеunnесеssаry.
Stеps o hеttеrwritinglntansif1ingdverbь7 Put hese dvеrbsntogroups1_3.Some dvеrbsmay
appеarn morе hanonegroup.
* аbsoIutеlусompIеtе|yсonsidеrаb|y"
еxtrеmе|y* fаir|y high|у quitе rаthеr rеа|lУ s|ight|y* totа|Iу tru|У
1 аdvеrbs hiсhntеnsifyhemеaning lit t|е2 аdvеrbs hiсh onеdown rdесrеаsеhееffесt f
mеaning3 advеrbs hiсh rеusеd ithungradаb|е,r |imit '
words, .g. 0rrесt
8 (ompIеteentenсеs_6withan adverb rom7..l Thеaсtrеss ho ook hе еаdWas prеtty.2 The ndof hеp|аy as tеrr ifуing.
3 ТhеSеats еhadwеrе unсomfortаb|е.4 Тhеusе f ight ingas5 |nеmus|с as
original.tеrrifiс.
6 Thе iсkеts еrе еХpеnslvе
\rlords hatgo togоther9 Matсh erbs -9 to thе words hеvareoftenusеdwith
a-i.1 adаptrom (n)2 sсrеаmn3 rеvеа|hе4 сonvеy (n)5 transportrom6 е|iminatehе7 sееm nwiIIingB givе way (n)9 suspendour
10 write ivеsеntenсеsf yourownusing hephrasеsin 9.
ЕхаmpleTha pIауwаэаdаpted rom а novelbу 6ueаn Hil|.
LinКшords'|1 Matсh hе |inkwords _8 o theirusеs _d.
1 Forа start,2 Inaddit ion,3 Finаlу,4 Howеvеr,
5 Furthеrmorе,6 0n thеothеr аnd,7 NеvеrthеIеss,B To umup,
a to ntroduсеhe ast oint f alIb to ntroduсесontrаstingdеас to ntroduсеhе irst ointd to ntroduсеfurthеr oint
a truthb sесrеtс onеp|aсеoаnothеrd nесеssitуorе novе|f disbе|iеfg tеrrorh to alk bouti powеrfuI еssagе
Writingyour reviеwPlanning
12 youaregoing owritеa reviеw f a playor a fiIm.Usethe oIlowinguggеstionso pIan ourwriting.. Сhoosе plау r i|m hat ntеrеstsоu.Do nоtwritе
rеviеw f somеthingouhavе ot ееn.. Dесidеn hеnumbеr f paragraphsouwi|I ritе ndthеordеrn whiсh hеywilI ppеar.
. Dесidе hаt еtаil shе еаdеr iI l ееd o know, .g.thеnаmе f hе i|m/p|ау,hеrеt sоn, hеbaсkgroundo hе tory,hе еtting,hеauthor,сtors,or anyothеrntеrеstingnformation.
. |\4аkе|ist fwhat rе hеmost mpоrtantсhаrасtеristiсsf hеpIay r i|m, .g.hе trеаtmеntfthе) tory,hеnumbеr f асtors,hе pесia|ffесts,hеsсеnеrV.hе oсation.
Цiriting
Thinking bout our ntеndеd udienсеRеmеmbеrot ogivе oomuсh f hе torу way hеn
уoU rеwriting rеviеw f а pIay r i lm. hiswouIdspoi| vеrythingorpеop|ееаdinghе еviеwhеn oingto sее hеоеrformаnсе.
.l3 writеyourrеview 200_250 ords)..
organisеour еviеwogiсaI|уn pаrаgraphs.
. usе hrasеs,dverbs,tс. o makе ourwriting orеintеrеstingoryour еаdеrs.
. usе inkwordsomakе our еviеwoherеnt.о makе omе еrs onaIесommеndations.
LhoсYing14 сhесk hatуouhave:
. inс|udеdII hеnесеssaryеtaiIs.o notgivеn wау urprisеs.. writtеnhесorrесt mount 200-250 ords).
@
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1\o уaььivo1 Соmpletеhesеntenсеs ith hе сorreсt passivе)ormof
thе vеrb n braсkеts.1 Nowаdays,tudеnts (wаrn)оt о rаvе||onen
dаngеrousountriеs.2 Тomdоеsn't аvе o wоrk.Hе (support)у his
parеnts.3 Lаst ummеrhe hi|drеn (tеасh)ng|ishуа
studеntoIuntееr.4 Аt hemomеnt,аp еаrs (tаkе)ymorе nd
morе tudеnts.5 Yеstеrdауt hrее ,с|oсkina (intеrviеw)ora
gаp-уеаrob.
6 ТhеhoIidауеstinаtion (сhоosе)hrееwееks go .7 Wе an't оout onight. е- (givе) lotofhomеwork.
8 Тhеnеw сhool uiIding (not omp|еtе)nti|neХt еаr.
2 сhoosе hе сorreсt nswеr.1 Тhеаrtof mаking ottеrys bеing/bееnеvivеdn thе
сity f Nеlsоn.2 Somе rеttуhurсhеsаvе еing/bееnuiIt n thе
Wimеa |ain.3 Whеn hе ailwаy as еing/beелonstruсtеd,еvеra|
wоrkеrs еrе i||еd.4 Gum rееs rе aid o have еing/bеeлntroduсеdntоthеarеаmаny еars go.
5 Nе|sоn аsnеvеr еing/bееninkеdo thе аilnеtwork.6 Thе оuristndustrу asbеing/beeлеlpеd y rесеnt
сhangеs.
3 Сompletеhе sесond еntеnсеn еасhpаirso t meаnsthе sаmе s hе irst.Usе hе сorrесt оrmоf thepassivеor thе асtive ndmаkеanyothеrneсеssaryhаngеs.1 Thеу rеpaintingur сhoo|t hеmomеnt.
Our сhoo| at hеmomеnt.
2 Thеgovеrnment
as ntrоduсеdnеw аw.A nеw аw by hеgovеrnmеnt.3 Тhе riminaIsеrе aughtеstеrdауу hеpoIiсе.
Тhepoliсе уеsterdаy.4 Тhеmесhaniсаs еpair ing yсarwhеn аrrivеd.
Mусаr whеn аrrivеd.5 Тhе ontrасti l lbеsignеdomorrow.
Wе tomorrow.6 Тhе еaсherеаd hеpoеm o hе tudеnts.
Тhеpoеm7 Sсiеntistsаvе ееn tudуinghеprob|еmoryеаrs.
Тhеprob|еm forуеars.
8 Тhis ооk asn't ееn ubIishеdeforе.Тhеу bеforе.
Paььзvoormsшith hogоrundandthо nfinitivs4 Rеwritеhesе еntеnсеseplaсinghе wordsn itаliсswith
a pаssivеormand а gerund r an nfinitivе.1 Doуouеnjoуr whеn omеonеаkеs oи o thе hеаtrе?
Doyouеnjoу..2 Would оu ikе omеonеo еll ouаbout hеhistorу f
оur sIаnd?Wou|dou ikе ..
3 WouIdoumind f somеonеskedouа fеwquеstions?Would oumind .
4 | hopе hat omеonе illgivеmе somеnformаtiоnаbоutосаl Ustoms.Ihopе.,.
5 Аrеуou ookingorwаrdosomеonеаkingouon a tourof thесity?Аrе оu ookingorwаrdо ...
Lauьalve hаvo/get
5 Rеwritе hеsеntenсes sing hе сorreсt orm of hаve/gеtsomething onе.1 Тhеpаssportgеnсy as о rеnеwmypаssportеfоrе
goаlэroаd.f kвvg" t:5*f m.уpаввp*rt a,nawad*fвr*' gtlсзtэraqd.
2 Mуmotоrbikеrokе own.t nееdеdo be еpаirеd.l hаd o...3 Тhis omputеroеsn't оrk. nееd omеonеo ix t.
I nееd о...4 SаrаhWantsomеonеоpiеrсе еrnosе.
Sаrаh аnts..5 jaсkiе rrangеdor omеonеo dеlivеr pаrсе|о her
noUsе.
Jасkiе .6 Thе itсhеnееdso bеpаintеd. еwаnt omеonеo
paint t.Wеwаnt ..
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Reading6 Rеad hе extandmаtсh еsсriptiоns_d о paragraphs
1_4.Thеn omp|еtеhе extwith hе сorrесtormof thеverbsn braсkеts.a Thеwritеr 'sесommеndаtiоnb Fасts bouthе i|m
с Whаt hеwritеrhoughtf hеpIоtd A dеsсr ipt ionf hеpIot
l{riting7 writеа rеview f а film. nсlude aсts bout he iIm,
dеsсriptionf thеplot,what ou hought f thе ilm,andwhеther ou rесommеndееingt'
Listеning8 d),' Youarеgoing о hеаra London ourguidе. isten
аnd iсkwhаt ouсando or seeat еaсhplaсе.
Сhаngiпgf thеGuаrds
{rоvс j*r,r:еls
ldаt iоnаiаl l*rу
N*issп,sо umr':
Shаft*sbury vе*c"Eе
St Рaшl's аthеdrа|
Stаtu* f Ёr*s
Stаtие*f Quееtз lсtariа
Таtе Рd*dеrrз
.̂a
:tl:-.ii
. l
вooк f sимows:BIаirWitсh2 is а sеquеl o thе first-
ratеhorror hlm ТhеBIаirWi|сhProjесt. hе film
arе оbsеssеdwith thе spinе-сhill ing еVепtsof Thе BIаir
Witсh Proiесf. vеntually, thеy gо to thе Blaсk Hills tоfind out what rеal ly hаppеnеd and еnd up сamping in
thе forеst ovеrnight. Тhе nеxt morning thеy rеalisе
that thеy didn't slееp,but thеy сan,t геmеmbет
anvthins about thе night bеfoге'Worsе stil l, bizarrе
,nЬbol,"* (paint) on thеir bodiеs.Tеrrifrеd,
tЬеy rush baсk to town, only to disсovеr hat
sоmеthing oI somеonе has сomе With thеm.
(dirесt) yJoеBеrl ingеr nd'=- (sеt)n
thе Blaсk Hil ls - thе sаmе Ioсation hat
(сhoosе) or thе original BtсlirWitсh'
Thе film tеlls thе story of fivе сollеgе studеntsWho
лttt'oщд в, ok of Shаdow.ss similаr to-thе firs1Blaiт
Witсh moviе, tеrr ifying nеw tеrritoтУ, -
(еxp.lorе). onvinсing pеrformanсеs" -- (givе)ьy it-rеmain aсtorsand JеffгеyDonovan is сompеll ing
u, ,t"," rяanisеr of thе trip. Howеvеr, thе rеal strеngth
of thе лtй is its fast.moving and unpгеdiсtablе
storyl inе.Sinсе thе fi lm firstopеnеd, audiеnсеs
еuе,ywhе,е (surргisе) y thе horrifiс еnding.
тo s.'m u'p,Book f Shаdows hiсh is aсtiоn.paсI.1' .аnd frighiеning' f you o
-- (intгiguе) у ThеBIаir
Bе*fеаtеrs
WitсhProjесr, ou,Ilеnioy itl
tpr::.:r.::ri:r,r::,.:::l.l.r::rl:l:rl:
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tigtlnt ligrhts WHYY0URкlDs1 Look t thеpiсturе.Whаt o you hink t shows? WlLL NEVERЕE
THESTARSBy MarkTownsend
Sinсe hedawn f сiviIisаt ion.t hasenсhantedndintriguedumanity'ut henight kywith tsсomets,сonste||аtionsndgа|axiesasnоw аnishedormuсh fthepopuIat ionn Britain.ight o||ut ion,aused ythehuge ise n aгtif iсiа|ightingtnightrom treetamps.faсtor iesndаirports, eanshаt heheavensrenolonger is ible eyondheglow fneon nd odium. ehаve estroyedur iew f he tаrsn a matter fdeсаdes.n|y hemost hinly opuIatedepths fSсot|andandWaIes, nd heheart fЕngIand,sat ionaIarksremаinru|y аrk. ore han a|fhepresentenerationf
сhi|drenave ever een heMi|kyWay, heband fgаsesand tars hаt tretсhesrom orizono horizon.ut he
Reading2 Rеad he еxtand сompIеtehе nformаtion
.l
Rеasonsor ight o||ut ionn Britain:2 Dark rеasеmаining:-3 Proportiоnf сhi|drеnhohаvе ееn hеMiIkyWаy
Pеrсеntаgеf Britаin nаffесtеdy ight oIIut ionn he1950s:, nоwаdаys:Rеаsоnsor he nсrеаsеn sесuritуight ing:First аtiono pаss |аw o rеduсeight оlIut ion:
Sсan hе еxt ndanswеrhеquеstions.1 Aссordingo hеwritеr, hаt ffесt аs hеnight ky
аlwаysаdon humаn еings?How оеs аtе аrminstеrеsсribеhеnight ky?Whаt rit iсismоеs hewritеrmаkе f sесurityighting?Whаtmеasurеss hеDеpartmеntorTrаnsporturrеntlуtаkingo rеduсeight ollut ion?
5
6
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reaIeаr orastrоnomerss hat аrdly nyof henextgenerationiII eabIeosharensuсh eIest iaIeauty.
Тhe xtraordinaryxpаnsionf ight o||ut ionsexposedy atell itemages fLondonakenn 1984 nd
2003' hey how n s|аndrаppedn a bubbl e f ightwith
on|y bout %of Britainemаiningnaffeсted.etduring
the1950s n|y 0% f heUKwаsaffeсted yskygIow.
Now t s а serious at ionaIrobIem.
Kаte arminster,hief xeсut ivef heCampaignor
theProteсtionfRural nglаnd,eIieveshat henextgenerаtioni|| eсomplete|ysolatedrоm he est f he
universeehind bank fart if iсiaIight.We,refast osing
oneof hemost eautifuIndаmazinghings ature as o
offer s,, he аid.Alreadymost fus ive np|асes herelight ollut ions so bad hatwe'l l ever l impseurowngalaxy,heMilkyWay.'
Тhegrowth frural rimes part ly lamed0r he rend.
enсouraginghe ntroduсtionfseсurityight inghose
tendenсyo switсh nwith very assingat ights p he
most emoteoсat ions.аny re oo ensit ivend oo
bright.But he ssues sIоw|yeingaken erious|y'
сommitteefMPs n ebruaryegano сonduоtn nquiry
into heeffeсts f ight оl|ut ion.nfoгtunate|yonсern
Iags аrbehindhat fother uropeanountries,partiсuIar|yheCzeсh epubIiсhere,n Marсh 003,
astronomerse|pedopush hroughhewor|dЪirst
сountrywideaw oreduсeight o||ut iоn.n hemeantime,
theDepartmentorTrаnsportiI l ontinueountinghe
numberfstreetamps hiсh ave heavy overo
ensurehat ights directedown n o he oаd. f
effeсt ive eаsuresаnbe aken eforet s oo ate, nа
с|eаr,ark ight etweеn,000nd ,000tars houId e
visiblen he ky.
Voсabu a yЕnvironmentalesues4 Сhoosеhе most ppropriate ord o сomp|еtееntеnсes
1_6.At Ieast nеof thewords ppеarsn thе еxt.1 Тhе ea| lоrmffеаrs hаt hiIdrеniII еvеr ее hе tars.2 AirpoIIut ionsnow sеriоusroblеm/doubrn Britain.
3 Wе'rеаst osingnеof hеmost еаutifuIhingsсountrуsidе/nаturеas o offеr.4 Light olIut ionssobаd/poorhаtwеmаynеVеr еab|е
to sее hеN4iIkyаy gаin.5 Тhе onсеrn/issuеs s|owlу еing аken еrious|yy
govеrn еn organisаtions .6 Тhеgovеrnmеnts nоw onduсtingnеnquirу/inquеst
into ight ollut ion.
Vorbs vrith nоgativo m9anin96
5 Mаtсh hеsе еrbs o themеanings _h.Тhеnput hеvеrbs n the сorrесt ositionn sеntеnсеs_B.
" аffесtеd b|amеd сausеd dеstroyеdexpоsеdn iso|аtеdtrappеd vаnishеd
a hе|d еsponsib|еb broughtboutс disappеаrеdrom ightd troublеdbу)
е сutof ff ruinеdg madе nownh саught
12
Doеs nyonеnowwhаt hееxpIosion?Тhе еaI xtеnt f thеdamаgеo thеozone ауеr аsbyanart iсIеn a nаtiоnalеWspаpеr.Тhе nсiеntitуwаsbyan еarthquаkеаny еnturiеsgo '
Noоnе ikеso bе or omеthinghеy idnotdo.Нotеl uеsts еrеn hе ift orovеr n hour еforеhеyWеrе еSСUе0.Тhеghost|уigurе al kеd own hе orridorhеn squiсk|ys t had ppeаrеd.It s not еt nown оwmanу еoplе avе ееn y hе
3
45
unknownlrus.8 Pеop|еiving n hеsеs|аndsаvе еen rom iviIisаt ion
forhundrеdsfyеаrs.
. How еriouss hеprob|еmf Iight olIut ionnyourсou trу?
. Whу oyou hink ovеrnmеntshou|dаkеmеasurеsorеduсеt?
. How ffесt ivеoуou hink urrеnt еаsUrеso rеduсеIight olIut ion ight е?
о How ouId rdinаrуеop|ееpеrsuаdеdо rеduсеightpо|lut ionn hе uturе?
lЕ
ltit:i.1t,ii:r:,xai:ttgiti::,.1]:*1 ::U|Ulliiiii::ii:11.1}i,,,,':.rrlalilillllril:.:rrr.al:llgifl:i..rl.lirrllailllli:@
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l{|ays f taIkingabout thе future
QlliсI<Gr.''-z
Matсh hevеrbs n itaIiсn sеntеnсеs-4 to themеanings_d.1 |s hаt hеphonе?' i l nswеrt.2 \Ne,rеoingogoout ora pizza onight.3 |,m аving n ntеrviеworа job omorrow.4 ThеЕng|ish|аsstarfs t 8.З0.
а аn еVеnt nа timеtab|еb аn ntеnt ionс a dеfiniterrangеmеnt
d a dесisionhiсh as ust ееnmаde
Desсribеhispiсtureof a smarthousе.Whаt oyou hinka smarthouseis?Howdoes tсompare ithatypiсaI omenowadays?
'.Q,:l ,i,,.n to someoneаlking bout he smаrthousеand dесidе f thе statеmеntsrе ruе Т) r falsе Е) .Сorrесthosеwhiсharе a|sе., l П ТhеbuiIdеrsi|| аvеinishеdhеhousе y hе
еndof hеYеar.2 П Whats nsidеhеhousе iII avе trеmеnоoUS
еffесt n our ivеsn uturе.3 П Тhе nsidе f hehousеooks omp|еtе|yiffеrеnt
frommostmodеrn ousеs.4 П RеsidеntsiI|indmuсhmorе hаn xоесtеd
in hеhоusе.5 П 0n|у hе iсhwiII еаbIе o affоrd housе
ikеhis.6 П Thеdеsign еanshее|dеr|уi|| е|ivingindеpеndеntlyormuсh ongеrhаn hеу о odаy.
Doyou hinkanyof thеprеdiсtionsn exerсisе arеIikеly o сomе rue?Why/Whyot?
willor goingto
5 СompIеtеhе сonvеrsationssingwillor going o,aссordingo whеthеr hepеrson asaIready есidеd odo something r s dесiding r agrееingo do somethingat hе imеof spеaking.1 Arеn,tou oming ithus o hе inеma?
No, 'm xhaustеd.- putmyfееt p n ront fthеTVanddo nothingtа|l.
2 What oyou аnсy оing nSaturdayight?Havеn'tс|uе h, I know. е- try hat еw|taIianеstaurаntn hеHigh trееt.
3 - doyour \4аthsomеworkonight?Тoo ruеl want ogеt t outof thеwaybеforеhе
wееkеnd.4 What do аbout hat nvi tationе eсеivеdoPau|'sartу?Sеarсh еl don't еa|lу antogо, oуou?
5 Whеn |еavесhoo|, f ind оb hat еa||yintеrеsts еI'vеmаdеmуmindup o dо hat, ool
6 | givе оua ring bouthе onсеrtomorrown ght.Тhаt,sinе. shоuId еat homе hеn.
Future implо nd futurо ontinuous6 Read hе ехаmplеs -d and answеrhequestionsl-4.
a Thiв time noхt wooК,,ll bе moving nto mу nawhouэo.
bс
d
NeхtwaeК,,Il bo in Pаriэ.We,regoing on holidау.Thiв timetomarrow,wa,llbe Jlуing to Fome.We need to spoаK' o we,II honoуou tomorrowfrom Fomo. 0K?
1 Whiсhensеsusеd o aIk bout nасt ivitуhаtwiIl еin progrеssta spесif iсimе n thе uturе?
2 Whiсhеnsе oWеusе o аIk bout lanshаtwеknowаbout еforеpеaking?
3 Whiсhеnsе oWеUsеorprediсt ions,еnеralstatеmеntsbout hе uturе r dесisionsbout hеfuturеhаtwеmаkе t hеmomеnt f speаking?
4 Hоw owе orm hе uturе ontinuous?
7 writesеntеnсesboutwhаt ouwi|Ibе doing t thesеtimes n the uturе.1 this vеning2 this imе omorrow3 nеxt аturdayftеrnoon4 nеxt еаr5 in wo еars't imе6 аt hrее .сIoсkomorrow orninяEхаmpIеThiэ evening ,ll bo meetingmу riеnds.
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Future уerfoсi. implо8 Look t hеeхamp|esаndb аnd
сomplеteu|еs l аnd 2.a Fу эеveno,сIoсKonight wilI
hаvo inishodmу homoworК.b tv\ost эoplewiIIhаvo tаKan
hundradэof ехаmэbу the
time thaуdro 20 уeаrsold.1 Wеusе hе to a|k
about nасt ivityhаtwi|| еfinishеdva soесif iсimе n hеfutu е.
2 Тo orm hе uturе еrfесtimp|еWеusеwill(not)past апiсipIe.
9 СompIetеhesentеnсеs ith heсorrесtorm: uturе impIе rfutureperfeсt imple, f thevеrb
in brасkets., l Тhе nginееrs (сonnесt)thе е|еphonеy unсhimе.
2 In u1urе,аrеnts- (usе)rеmotе-сontro|amеrаsoсhесkthеir hiIdrеnrе afеn bеd.
3 By201 ,еvеrу оusеho|d(inna||)аесuritу
a|аrm.4 Pеop|е (bе b|е)o
switсh n еvеrу ightn hеhousе iaa сomputеr.
5 Smokе еtесtors (switсhoff) hеgаs upp|yf |еvеlsfсаrbonmonoxidеrеhigh.
FuturePorfoсl.ontinuouь10 Look t examplеs andb and
сompIеteuIеs|and2.a 9у tha ond of tha уэor l will
hаvo beon еаrningЕnglishfor over our уeаrs.
b Аt tho ond of thiв monthdohn wiIIhаvo been worKing
herefor rхасtlуfiva уeаrв.Rules1 Wеusе hе- to a|k
аbоut сtionshatwi|| аvе ееnhappеningorа сеrtаinеr iod ftimеbеforе spесifiсoint nthе uturе.
2 To orm hе uturе еrfесt
сontinuousеUsе+hаve+-formof thеvеrb.
11 СompIetеhеsеntenсеssing he uturе еrfесt ontinuous.
1 | startеdiving еrе iхdays go.Bу his imе оmorrоw wiII аvaboan iving hero or а weoK.
2 Suе tartеdriving hеn hеwas 7yеars ld.By hе imе uе s25, hе ..Thе uthor tаrted riting isnеwbook womonths go.By hе imеwеhavе urmееtingextmonth е ..
I stаrtedoingmyhomеworkt оur 'с|oсk.Bу еvеn 'сloсk...Тhе onstruсtionompаnytartedui|dinghаt ousеhrее ееks go.By hееndof nеxt ееk hеy ..
ff i
ExtrawordsDоnot ust еad асh inе ndividua||y.еаd асh еntеnсеsа whoIе.hiswi||hе|о oudесidеf a word s nееdеd rnot.
12 кеad hе ext. omе f thе i nеs rесorreсt, ut mosthаve n еxtrawordwhiсh
doesnot it nto hеsеntеnсе. ross ut hе extrаwords nd iсk(/) the Iineswhiсharесorrесt.
Robоtiс futurе rushеs owardsusThe first robot.сontrol lеd tаxi witt { be instal led somewhere
in the world bеtween zoo4 and 2oo7. Not on[y that, but beforе
this deсade is over, news prеsеnters wil l bе transmit what they
sее tivе to ТV sсreens frоm miсro.sensors planted in their
optiсnеrve.What hеy say witl have bе piсkеdup by mobilеphonе
'ransmittеrsmp[antedn thе thеir shouldеrs. wo yеars aftеr thаt,
'the first of faсtor ieswitt be working n spaсe,makingmiсro-сhips'rom сrystalswhiсhgrown n spaсе' and shipping hem baсk to the *
еarth in auto-pilot huttles.Bу zoo6, biomеtr iс ignaturеs itt bе
'ommonplaсе.Workеrs witt gain entry, and сustomerswitt get ..
thеirсreditbalanсеs t a glanсe,hrough еingсomputer.basеdptiсat-*reсognit ionofthеireyеs.Stolеnwithpersona[teсhniсa[equipmentWirеfusetoworkbесausеitсannotbeenreсognisеthepattеrnsofthеownfingerprints.еoplewil l votе on-l ine n loсal and nationa[ [eсt ions?from mobile erminals n all over the world. Bу zoo5, .goingout ' ?,wittbe а matter f a staying n and downloadingilms, ive сonсerts?and ootbatt atсhеsowatсh t a timеbywhiсh uits our outinе. ',
a
ryr:;;,::*st'
Lеt'saсtivatеLifо in the futura
13 Use opiсs l_6'аndsomeof yourown' o taIkaboutwhatpеopIе iIIbe doingwilIhavеdonеby2050.Usе hе uturе ontinuous r thе utureperfeсt hеrepossiblе.
EхomplеWт,II ll hаve|aаrnad o ;PoaK ho ваmo anguаge.
1 robots 3 spасеravеl 5 food nddrink2 еduсаtion 4 trаnsport 6 work
+thе iЛ8
Ф
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Pores аIDorс
1 Look t thеpiсtures nd answеrhеquеstions.
1 What o hеpiсturеshow?2 Whatmоtivatesеop|ео ехplorеIaсеsikе hеsе?3 What roblemsoyou hink еop|е ould aсе urviving
in hеsе lасеs?
Listеning2 О6Jв.z ouаrеgoing o heara сhat howhost aIkingo
а Brit i sh oupIе hosе im s o bе hе irst usband nd
wifе еam owaIk o bothpo|еs. еad hrough uеstions1_7.Тhen isten nd сhoose hе сorreсt nswеrs.
Harrу ndWеndу есаmеntеrеstedn poIarеgionsa whеn hеywеrе uitе oung hiIdrеn.b whi|еhеywеrе n hеir onеymoon.с after аtсhingrogrammеsbout hеаrеa.d during tr ip hеymаdе о hеAntarсtiс.
Hаrryее|shat hеуwiII еab|еo сopеwith hе ripbесausеhеу
а havеаkеn аrt nа simi|аro|аrrеk еforе.b hаvе one omе oughrainingn hеpoIarеgionsс hаvе tudiеdhеаrtof survivaIn po|аrondit ions.d hаvе аd omе xpеriеnсеf |еssntеnsivеrеks
е|sеwhеrе.
WеndуayshеywiIl аvе iff iсu|tya f eеing pеnoughimе or hеwаlk.b mаking rogrеssnmovingсе.с mаkingUrе sUpportеаm sа|wауsnhаnd.d wа|kingong istаnсеsn rееzingеmpеratUrеs.
Hаrrysmostworriеdbouta dеaIlng ith hеunеxpесtеdrr ivaIf an unwantеd
visitor.b еnsuringhеy avе noughood nd uppliеsor hе
jou nеy'с havingo putoПехtra odуwеightor hееXtrеmе
сondtions.d rеmеmbеringopасkhе ight mеrgеnсуquipmеnt.
Wеndуs оokingоrwаrdоа thе аtisfасtiо nf havingаisеd onеуorа goоd
сaU e.b thе hal|еngеf сrossingrеssurеidgеs.с thе hаnсeo eеl t pеасе ith hе urroundings.d thеopportunitуophotographhеwondеrsf nаturе
Harry еl iеvеshаt еandWеndу i||а bеproud fwhаtеvеrhеуmаnаgеo aсhiеvе.b bе orgottеnеroеs hеn hеir rdеaIsovеr.с mаkеt o hеPo|е hаtеvеrаppеns.d win hе еspесtf hеir r iеndsnd аmiIy.
Hаrry ayshаt ur inghеir ournеy
a thеy'||robablуosеhеir uсky аsсоt,isotto.
b thеy'||еfinitе|yavе owork ard о survive.с thеу'||robab|уеaсh pаrt f hе се hеy аn r oss.d thеy'||еrtаinIyаvе sеriousrgumеnt.
PronunсiationHomophonos3 Q,' Somеwords ound hе samе, utаrеwritten
diffеrеntIуndhavedifferentmeanings.istеn o somepаrts f thе aIkagаin ndсirсIе hеwords ouhеar.,l соarsе сoursе
2 wеightwаit3 bаrе bеаr4 thеу'rеthеrе
4 Explain hеmeanings f thе words ou havеnot сirсIеdin 3.
5 piесе pеaсe
6 |еasеd|еаst7 bеan bееn
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Homonlms5 Q"l Somеwords ookаnd sound hе sаmebut have
diffеrеntmeanings.istеn ndmatсh hеwords _5 othеmеanings_е.
l ntarpreting oadlinоs8 Mаtсh hе hеadlinеs -4 to thеparagraphs_d.
,I p|аn a2 might b
lamp brightnеssnothеаvyrеmаin prighttolеrаtеbеsituаtеdrIoсatеdmаkе dеtаi|еd аp intеnd arrangebеforehadstrеngthmodа| xprеssingossibiIityroom theunivеrsееyond urеаrth
3 lrght
4
5spaсеstа d
dе
Speaking6pосulаtinq6 66)в.s n groups, isсuss owеasy r diffiсu|tt mightbе
to takepart n thеsе nusuаI сtivitiеso raisemoney orсharity. sе he dia|oguе ox o heIp ou.
Rowing p hеAmazon Сусlingсross еruWalking сross еnyа Sаi l ingсrosshеАt|аntiс
SpесuatingA lt,sdifJiсult o sау eхaсI|уowdiffiсult t mightbе o
do hеsеhings.B l suppose yс|ing ightbe thеeosiest. vеrуbody
knows ow o сус|е, on,t heу?С Surelу owing p hеAmazоn lould e themost
diffiсulPRowing ustbe hardwork,mustn,tt?D I'd аthеrowU0 hеAmazonhan aiI сrosshе
At|antiсt саn,t e muсh un bеing tuсk n а yасhtin hеmiddlе f an oсеanorwееksn еnd. аn t?
Pгior it is inq
7 О6Jв'в isсusshe mportаnсe f thе сhаritiеs nddесide hiсh nemost ееds our upport. sе hеdiaIogueox o hе|p ou.
Sundеr|аndomе or trаV oяsHousеhеHomеlеssСampaigngаinststhmа
Suppоrt iIdIifеorganiсruit ndVеgеtаb|еoсiеtу
Prior it is ingA I don,t hink upporIingrgаniс roduсе lould е
nеаrIу s usеful s hе|pinghеhomе|еss,оyou?B Thаtwoulddеfinitelу еmу аstсhoiсe, Ithough
thinkorganiс roduсеsbеttеr. o, thinkwe houldhelp oproteсtwiIdIifе.orme, hаt,smuсhmorеimportаntthаn rganiс roduсе.n асt, think t, sthemost mportаntof аll'
. i..alr ': , ,r la
. l.. l
'I il
t:
,- Amateшrdventurershreatenwhite wildgrness s,.,,,,.*,,,
.,r,:,rr:,:llli"::llliiitt"'.,,,:llt:r'r',,:'r,,,.:::rlrr::.:::,,.:r,rirrtir..:,r::,,.:..':rэ
,Big Ьusinеss ooks toсlеanup Ьy сlеaning upthе South Polе
4F
sea temperature hangеsthrеatennta,iii. ip"Ей
-r,,{l""ttt""'_. ,,it}.,,,:::.,.ir::.::.r.,arr:,:iriiii:,.,r::.:,:riiir,.rirrrriiar:,.:.,,,,.irrrr,,.....i1fi...i,,,.,:r,.,,,r,**,.j
a It'shеult imatееstinаtionoradvеnturеoorts nd
wiIdIifеаfаr is.hе сеnеrysstunning.ut ouristsshouId otbееnсouragеdo visit ntarсtiса.ссordingto еnvironmеntаIis tshе rаgiIесosystеmhou|d еprotесtеdrom ourism.
b Vivеndi nvironnеmеnt.srоjесto rеmovеolIut iоnfrom ntаrсtiсaаybеdaunting,ut t wiII oosthеfirm's rеdibil ity.
с In100 еars'imе hеSouthеrnсеаn tmosphеreou|dbеwаrmеr, ithmuсh еssсе nd now n hepеninsuIa.
d .|VanyAntаrсtiсrganismsrе usсеptibleovеrу mа||
сhangеsn еmperаturе,,rofеssor|аrkеaid.So
ifsomе f hеmоrе Xtrеmеrojесt ionsf еmpеrаturесhangеn hе еа vеntuatеt s Iikеlуhаtwеwi|| аvеsomе xtinсtions.'
9 Disсusshеsе uеstions.1 Whаt o hеhеаdIinеsuggеst?2 Whаt oyоu hink sсаusing|obaIarming?3 Whаt аnbеdone oprеvеntt?4 Whаt thеr hrеatss hеwor|daсingoday?
Ф
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8/12/2019 New Matrix Upper Intermediate
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/new-matrix-upper-intermediate 102/152
8/12/2019 New Matrix Upper Intermediate
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/new-matrix-upper-intermediate 103/152
Willor going o1 Undеrlinеhе сorrесt hrаsео сompIеtееntеnсеs_6.
1 l'm stаrting nivеrsitynOсtober.,m oingostudу/,llstиdy hуsiсs.
2 oh, hеphonе'singing. оn,tworry, ,m oingoаnswеr/'lInswеr|.Whаt rеmyplаnsor hеwееkеnd?,m oingovisit/,l|visitJudу.Your uitсasеs hеavy.,m oingto elp 'll hеlp oUСarrуit.Joсаn't оout onight'he,sgoiлgohаvе/,llаvеdinnerwithherpаrеnts.l 'mnоt urе bоut оingo hе inеmа. еrhаps'и
going o stоу n/,llstaу n IonighI.
Futurg?orfoс,|impleor futurоуorfeс|.ontinuoue4 Undеrlinеhесorreсt hraseo сomplеtеhe sеntеnсеs.f
botharеpossibIе,hoosеhе сontinuousоrm.1 | wiI аvе tudiеd/wi| аvеbееn tudуing rеnсh or ovеr
fivеVеаrs v hееndof this еаr.At ninео,с|oсkamiewi| аvе lоуеd/willаvе ееnplауing аskеtbаlIorеxасt|ywohours.l' l lsеnd ou hе еsults y unсhtime.wi|| аvесаlсulаtеd/wiIlаvе ееn аlсulаtinghеm by hеn.Whеn likе аkеs isdrivingеst еXtwееk е wil/аlrеаdу аvе аkеn/wiIl lrеаdуhоvebееn аking ttwiсе.Wе'rе оvingnto urnеW pаrtmеntеxtmonthbесаusеhеbuildеrswiIlhаvе lnishеd/willаvе ееn
finishingthееpairs.Wеwill hаvеwаtсhed/willаvеbееnwаtсhing V or ovеrfours оurs y hе imе his i|m inishеs
FutuгоPorfoci implо,utursсontinuous' wiII, rgoing to5 Сompletehе sеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thе vеrb
in braсkеts. se hе uturе еrfeсt impIе,he uturepеrfесt ontinuous, ill, or going o.Thеrеmаy bе morethanonepossiblе nswеr.] NеxtMaywе (know)асh thеr or woyеars.2 Bу2050mаn (probab|усo|оnisе)hеplаnеt
Mаrs.3 |'m ot urеwhеrееnny (go)his vening. hy
doуouwаnt o know?4 Don't honеmеа{tеr inе .m. (wаtсh)hе
footbаlI atсh n ТV.5 Pеtеrs 16уеars ld odау.his imеnеxt еar е
(bе b|е o) o drivе сar.6 Jordаn (not е)homеbуsеvеn ,с|oсk.е
(st i||pIay)аskеtbаlItsсhooI.7 Wе'rе оving еxtmonth. у hаt imе hеbui|ders
(finish)urnеwhousе.
8 Тhеdireсtors mаking nеw iIm. е (work)nit or ixmonths.
Futurэeimplо nd futursсontinuouв2 Rewritehе sеntеnсessing hе uturе ontinuous.
1 Laurasgorngo lу oLondon еxt uеsdаy orning.At]1 o,сloсkext uеsdау..
2 Dаvidsgоingo mееt nnat hеаirportonight.Аtsix 'с|осkоnight .
3 Wе,rеoingо watсh hе ord f thеRingst hесinеmаthis vеning.Аtеight .с|oсkhis vеning..
4 l 'mgoingo rаvе| omе у rаin omorrow orning.Tomorrow orning..
5 Brad sgoingo rеvisеorhisexаmhiswееkеnd.0n Satudау ..
3 СompIetehesеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесtorm: uturеsimpIe r futurе ontinuous,f thеverb n braсkеts.,1 Тhis imе оmоrrоw orning е- (do) urеxаm.2 In hе uturе е (сo|onisе)thеr lаnеts.3 | (еmаil)oU omorrow ithhеdеtai|sfour
о|ans.Wе,rееаl|уxсitеdbоut urhоlidау.tеight ,с|oсkntridaу е (trave|)oJamаiсаI hink (go ut) onight,ut havеn'tесidеdWnеrееt .
6 Тhеy (wаtсh)hе i lmаt nine 'с|осkomorrown ght.
Ф
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Writing6 Comp|еtehе еxtwith hесorrесtormоf thеverb n
braсkets.
Dеar lnaгR'
TЬa|,Rs foг уovг le++еГ, I|,s gгea| nevws |Ьa| уov
, - (co,ne) |o LonJon nех+ n1on+Ь. Unfoг|vnatеlYl::
I wod+ Ье hеrе wЬеh уov arrivе. Ьеcavse I,
i(Jo) a tгaining Covгsе in BrфЬton, I cah,+ Ьe/ieve I,|/
{actva/tу' -
(finisЙ al/ rnу tгaining Ьу tЬе timе ii
Еli.qу t
Whilё уouсanArе thе latеstmobilе phonеs toosmart for thеir own good? onсе thеvirusеsgеt to work, intеlligеnсесould bе thеir undoing, saysDrrnсan Graham-Rowe.
IT LooKS likе any оthеr mоbilе phonе. Most ofthе timе it оpеratеs еxaсtly likе any оthеrhandsеt. But just onе сall from a partiсularnumbеr and it сan bе switсhеd on without 1zourknоwlеdgе, with no outward sign that it isopеrating. Еvеrything you say will bе сapturеdand sеnt aсIoss thе nеtwork to thееavеsdrоppец yеt you will havе no idеa thatanyonе is listеning n.
As wеll as standard сеll phоnе сirсuitry, atypiсal smart phonе has a proсеssor andmеmory that allow it to run appliСationproglams, whiсh is why it сan bе an МPЗ musiсplayеr, wеb browsеr and еmail tеxt еditоr all inonе. othеr softwarе еnablеs you to takеpiсturеs, p|aУ gamеs, dоwnload and rеadеlесtrоniс books and * yеs _ еVеn makе phonесalls. But a phonе that is sоphistiсatеdenoughto еxесutеplograms is vulnеrablе tо thе sort ofattaсks that un]uсky PDA (Pеrsonal DigitalAssistant)ownеIs havе alrеady еxpеriеnсеd.
Nonе of thе thrее main opеrating systеmsinсоrporatеsantivirus softwarеor a firеwall, andof thе nеtworks only T-Mobilе in thе US is so farоffеring a firеwall for its GPRS mobilе phonеusеIS.
It is оnly a mattеr оf timе bеforе somеonеunlеashеsa malеvolеnt сodе that doеs sеriousdamagе to phоnеs. If you arе luсky еnough toown a smart phоnе, еnjoy it whilе you сan.
NеwSсiепtist пlinеNеws19:00.01 сtobеrЗ.
,:*з*.,.';1*|ili.i..].iзxiiiir,a'...*il'i:'-|s]..'..........'''g999l] } *i:ail,'ti'}:i]i1i]]:l''.'.d i,u*',....,.*..}
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wе sее е.aсЬ o].Ьer - we'/| havе lo ееlеЬralе |Ьd|.l
I,I Ье ЬaсR on |Ье l1,|on/aу ahJ уov'rе welсome |o
s|aу a| .ау fla| wЬile I'nl onoY, I " (lеave)
|Ье Rе.уs wt|Ь mу frienJ ln4piе (shе tivе.s ;h +Ьe fl^+
Ьe.|ow),
l.|o-,'s уovг .сlu.se'? Wha|u (уoulJo> whеn
уov finisЬ'? \lЬql arе. уovr plans?
Yov asRе/ aЬov| ,Qех. Wetl, I,ve 9o| sonе 9oo/
nе.ws,l W. " -(9o)
ovt |чe|Ьеr for |Ьrе.e уeaгs*Ьis svnltеr anJ wе,vе JесiJеJ to 9еl engчed, |ЬovgЬ
(n61 aа,rгу) vn+it nеx+ уeaг, Wе,ге going
|o Ьvу^
Ьovse in lndnсЬеs*eг Ьecavsе. .\/ex "
(move) to |Ье officе |Ьеге dl thе Ьeginning of
т^hv^ГY,
TЬa|,s a/| tnу hеws foг tlе nюnе.n|' С^n,+ w^i+
to sее |ov'
Lovе, Еlainе
.i} *:lrlEri?it*talrtx:sф.irl::lsi8islltilttrialtlillillii *lil
7 writеа short ettеr o a friеnd. nсIudеnformationbout
yourpIans, hat ouwiIlbеdoing ndwhаt ouwilIhаvеdoneat pointsn thе uturе. emеmbero useinformalanguage.
Reading8 Rеаd hе еxtanddесidе f thestatements-10are ruе
(Т) r fаlse(t)., l П Yоu an dеntifу smаrt honе у ookingt t.
2 П lt 's asiеro аttасk smart honеhаn nordinarуpnonе.
3 П A smаrt honе sеrwiIl nowf somеones istеning
to1hеir onvеrsаtion.4 П A smаrt honе uns pp|iсatio nrograms.
5 П |fyouhavе smart honе oudon't ееd |оt f
otnеr quIpmеnr.6 П A smаrt hоnе il lk iI l irusеs.7 П owners f PDAs аvе аdprob|еmsith irusеs.
8 П Virusеs аvе lrеadYееn еvе|оpеdo attасk mart
pnonеs.9 П Тhrее pеrаtorsavе roteсtеdhеirphonеs gаinst
virus ttасks.10 П Smаrt honеs il lhаvе roblеms ith irusеsn he
futuе.
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Itomonlms1 СompIеtеhepairsof sеntеnсes ithonеof thеsе
homonуmswordshаtsound hе samе'but hаvеdiffеrentmeanings).
o l ight might modе| powеr produсе sidе* spасе tеrm
1 a Аstrotе|sp|аnningо bе hе irst ompanyo opеnhotеIn outеrYоu аnputyourbаgon thе|uggаgeасk. hеrе'sp|еntyfАrеуоugоing wауhiswееkеnd?,-.|
-. |tdеpеndsn hеwеаthеr''Jaпе ushеd ith ll hеr--, but hе t iII
соuldn'tpen hеdoor.Thе tudiosgoingo- a nеw сiеnсеiсt ionfi lm.Тhеprosесutionas b|еo nеw vidеnсеto provеhat асkson аsgui|tу.Тhеbright from hе аrb|indеdеаn. есоuIdn,tеe hе oаd hеad.Тhе uitсаseas urprisinc|y-* . Lizhadn'tpасkеdmuсh orhеrwееk waу.Тhеmаtсh ndеd ith surprisееsuIt.hеBristol
sсorеdhreеimеs gainsthеPrеmiеrshipсhаmpions.Sarah аdа sma|| еаutуpot n onе-.-- оfhеr асе.Тhе- of hе hipwаs nсrеdibIyеtаilеd.twаs xaсt|yikеhе eа|hing.Kаtу adа|wаys antеdo bеа butsnе
was.justoo hort.Тherе as - сut n Lоndonаst ight. vеr5'000 omеs еrе ffесtеd.Thеprеsеntovеrnmеntamе o ovеr woуеars go .Тhе сhоoI еnds hisFriday. e'vе ota
thrеe-wееkoIidаy.Whаt oеshе--. intеr-gа|асt iс, mеаn?
Тhe rightшords2 Сhoosеhe сorreсt ption, , b' or с to сomplеtеhe ext.
аbout bfor соfrоutе bway сdеst inаt ionsomе bits сafаint-hеаrtеdb strong-hеаrtеd wаrm.hеаrtеdbrokеn p b brokеnut с brokеnnadаpting bсhаnging сtrаnsfоrmingсonfirmеd bdeсidеd ссonvinсеdrесоrd
bhistorу сnotehаving bmaking сtаkinggаVе bсаmе сturnеd
.-.; .,- '. . lЬ...*n, ::;4:.,.."Ът ..; ": .. ;.".гor yеаrs
':i*1l..'"iсtionwritеrshаvеspесulа1еd ,
hol ldаVs n spасе.Now sсiеnсе iсtionhаs 'эесomе .a1 тhе lntеrnа1ionа|pасeS1а1ions the,"]::T..:
hol idаy аnd DеnnisТito,а. olII lonаire usinеssmаnromСаliГorniа, аs
ltrsI uest."; spaсе ravеl s not or heo l+ .. ^t'.,^. i 1bееndangеrous
"'iiljl"""o,*",.;i:*Тfl}J,$his mind.He,d tookеd t thе historv f ; .
spaсeехploration nd is stii l that t,islаfe i.
,Тhespaсеprogramme as an ехсellеnt afetv Е il.
, , ; ,,,he.еxplainеdэеforе is l ight. е . isk Ёl l| ts vеry low.,
ls this thеn he bеginлingоf.a.nеч
е-rа f spaсе ;olidays?Еxperts еmainunсеrtаin. WhoеverЁ ::,
saysonе sсiеntist.Мostpeopiеwil| nеverь" uьr" o, Ё ifford t, so it,sunlikеly o ', , tr i.ln faсtМr
Тitopaid,ll s ,шБn р,i to makеthе ;,_l +:l
2a
3a
4a
5a
6a
7a
8a
1a2a
3а4a
5а6a/a
8а
9a'10 a11 a12a
tаkе off b go offtravеI b tour
с mаkе ffс tr ip
Сomp|еtehе sеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thеvеrbs.
феаrn gаin* wino асhiеvе
1 SаmWeеK
2 rina sa nursе nd hе оеsn,t a huяе mount
of monеy.3 StudеntshоаrеnotVеry саdеmiсanoftеn
grеаt uссеssnthеir hosеnаrееrs.
quitе |ot f mоnеуn hе ottеryаst
4l а |ot f еxpеriеnсеorkingbroad
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*i*
*,t
.:*€.
t i:=-=-
#F€.A*'. 4:.g'тji.,.+]9sr.AijiiЕtl.+:iЁ+ijE*:6: i1 .="l
Fahrenheit 51s he emрerаturetWhiсho..o o.o. ' сatсhesireand urns.nRaY
;"rldьй; astonishinglyrophеtiсi:i:l о:^the
;;;;. GuуMontags afireman. is ob s 0
burn ooks, hiсhare orbiddens hеyare
the ourсe falldisсordndunhаppiness'ven
so,MontagSunhappy;theres disсordnhis
;;;;;;. ;" books iddennhishouse?
."ffi..u+
,ButitЪ inеwоrk. ondayurn ilIаy, еdnesdayhrtman,
Fridayaulkner,urnemtоаshеs,hen urnhe shes.hаt,surоff iсiaIIоgan.,
Thеy alkedhe est f theway nаnunсomfortableilеnсе.Whenhеyеaсhedеr ousell ts ightsere lаzing.
' lvhatЪоingn?, оntagаdarelyern 0manyousеights.0h,itЪ ustmymothernd ather ndunсlе ittingro"und,
talking.tЪ ikebeing pedestrian,nly аrerMy unсle аs
arrеstеdnotherimе did telI оu? fоrbeingpedestriаn,h,We,rеl]osrprсuliаr ,,Butwhаt o ouа|kbout?,Shе аughеdt his'GoodnightI,he tartеdphеr aIk.hen
she eеmеdo еmemberomеthingnd аme асkownо ook thim ith ondеrnd uriоsity.Areyou appy?,he аid.'АnI wha{?'e ried.
But hewasgone runningn hemоonlight.er ront oor hutgently.
Your еасtions
ln groups, isсusshеsе uеstions.о Whаt isionsf hе uturе oеs hееxtrасthow?. Whаt oуou hinkN4ontagоund nusuаlbout
С|аissе?о What oуou hinkwi|| аppеno |\4ontаgndС|аrissе
in thе tory?о Whаt idyou hink f hе tоrу?. Why oуou hink his уpе f storуssоpopu|аr?о Whаt сiеnсеiсt ion oоks ndlor i lms avе ou еаd
or sееn? owwаs uspеnsеrеаtеd?
tжfutffiAБ&-.щЁ'ЙffiA byRay radburYlfulвz: he reesverheаdаdеgrratoundf ettingownheirdry аin. he irl tоpреdnd ookеds fshemightulI асknsurprise,utnsteadtoodegardingоntаglth yesodаrkndshiningndа|ivеhаthe felthе hаdsаid 0methin0Uitewondегfu|.ut е new ismouthad nlуmovеdo аy ei|o,'аndthen henhe eеmedypnotisedу he a|аmandernhis rmаndhе hoеnixisс nhis hest,e pokеgаin.,0fсourse,,e aid,y0U,rea new eighbou1rеn,tou?,,Andyou
must е, she аiseder yes rom isрrofessionаIsymbоls,thefiremаn.,еr oiсerailedff 'She urnedo aсehe idеwаlkoingowаrdshеir omes.Do
yоumindfIwаlk асk ith ou?,m IarisseсСIellаn.,.
,Clаrissе.GuyMontag.оmеlong. hat re ou oingut о|аte andеringround?ow Id re ou?,hereаs nlyhe irlwа|kingith im ow,erасe rights nоwn hеmoоnIight,ndheknewhewaswоrkingis uestionsround,еekinghе estanswerShe ouldоssiblyive.,Wеll,,
shе aid.|,m1] and ,m razу' yunсleays he WOalwаyso ogether'hеn еopiеsk our ge, е аid, lwaysay]7andnsane.sn,this niсeime fnightowаlk?Iikeo mellthingsndооk t hings,nd ometimеstаy p l lnight,alkingand аtсhinghe un ise.,They aIkedn gаinn ilenсendinа|lyhe аid,houghtfuIly,You
knоw,,m ot fraidfyou tall.,Hеwаs urprised.Whyshоu|dou е?,,Somаnyeoplere. fraidf iremen,mеan.ut оu,rеust
man,ftеrI l , . . ,Andhen |аrisseсCIe||anаid:Dоyoumindf ask? owоng
hаvеouworkеdtbeingfiremаn?,,SinсeIwas wеnty,en earsg0.,,Doyou vеreadny f he ooksou urn?,Hе аughed.ThatЪagаinstheаw|,'0h. fcourse.'
@
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Grammar1 Сomp|etеhesеntenсеs ith he сorreсt assivеorm
(gеrund r nfinitivе)f thе verbs n brасkets.1 l I ikе (tаkе)ut о dinnеr n mybirthday.2 | don'tmind (drivе)у omеonеIsе.3 Wееxpесt (sеnd)сopy f thisаgrееmеnt.4 N/y rаndmothеrееds (hеlp)nto hе ar
nowаdays.5 Thе hiIdrеnеrе ookingorwаrdo (takе)o
thе hеmе ark.
2 Rewritehe sеntenсessing hе words ivеn.
1 Anеnginееrnsta||еdUr ntеrnetonnесtionhismorning.Wе ..
2 Somеоnеtolе oе,s аIlеt hi lе hеwas n hеbus.Zoe...
3 Тhе hop sdе|ivеr ingob's ikе еXtWееk.Rob ..
4 Thеhairdrеssеri l| ut \4ariа,sair nSаturdaу.Marlа ..
3 СompIetеhеsеntenсes ith he сorrесtuture orm wil/or going o)of thеverbs n braсkеts.1 Wе (go)o hе inеmaonight. оyouWаnto
сomе?2 | (bе) sixtееnеxt irthdау3 Тhosе |oudsook hrеаtеning.\4aybеt (rain).4 I hаvе o dеawhat ogеtmymothеrorhеrbirthday.
knowl (buу) еr omе lowеrs5 If havе nough onеу, (buy)hаt еwСDl6 | (havе)niсе, uiеt vеningt homе onight.
4 (ompIetеhesеntenсеs ith hе сorrесtorm: uturesimpIe r future ontinuous,f thе vеrb n brасkеt s.] Тomwon't еat homе his ftеrnoon'е- (plаy)
bаskеtbа.2 P|еasеon,t honеmеаtsix 'с|oсk, (havе)
dinnеr ithmy аmilу.3 Sсientistshinkwе (|ivе)ongern hе uturе.4 l 'mnot urеwhаt ,m oingаtеr, еrhаps- (co)
to hе inеmа.5 Sаrah as ust pokеno Pau|,hе (notmееt)
him omorrowvеning.6 Wе (nоt е) t sсhooIomorrow есаusеt's
holid y.
5 Сhoosehе bеst uturе orm o сomp|еtеhe sеntеnсes.
By his imе nеxt еаr, rеgоry ill hаvе аilеd/willаi lаroundhеwor|d.Whеnhе rеaсhes ustrаlia,e will bе visiting/willаvеv sitеd ighI.ou triеs.ln thrее еаrs imе |'|| е 'inishеd/,lIе inishingmуunivеrsitуеgrее..Whatаrе oudoinghis vеning?,.Idon,t now. еrhаps|,llwаtсh/'moingtowаtсh V.',WhaIwilI oubеdoing/willoudo n tеnyеars'imе?,.|Vaуbе|'llbеworking/,moing ohаvеworkеdn anothеrсoU try.'.I 'm|аtеor сhool nd саn't indmусоursеbook.'.|,ll/,mgоingohе|p ou ook or t. ,
.Hаvеyougot nуp|аnsor he ummеr?',Yes,l,mgoingto o/,llgoo thеstatеs.'m |rеаdуavingup or hе rip.,.Whattimеwil|уou еt omе onight?,,|,llbe/,ll оvе ееn асk y еnо'с|oсk.'
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VoсabuIaryWords hat go togethоr6 Сhoosеhе сorrесt orda, b, or с' to сompIetеhе
sentеnсеs.1 Aсtiоni|ms ftеn еquirеhеаudiеnсеo thеir
d sbе|ief.
a suspеnd b dе|аy с forgеt2 Thеp|aу onvеуеd- mеssagеboutamiIy
сo fl сts.a powеrfu| b thoughtfu|
3 Тhеhorrori|mmadеNаdia сrеаmn
с nar0
b tеrror с d eаd
4 Тhе r it iс,sеviеw thееnding f hеp|ау
a gаVeUp b gаvеout с gаVе Wау
5 Thе ilmwas obad hat еop|ееft a|fwaуhrough.trеaIlу asn't sееing.a аdvisеd b rесommеndеd worth
6 Тhеdirесtor аnаgеdo anаtmosphеrеfdаngernd uspеnsе.a dirесt b сrеаtе с invеnt
7 rhеp|ау аs from nоvе| уHеnryamеs.a аrranged b adaptеd с prеpаrеd
B Тhе аmous irесtor a mult i-milIiono||аrbIoсkbustеri|m.a сonstruсtеd b mаdе с did
7 Сomplеtеhesе еntеnсesith heсorrесt ormof thеsееxprеssions.
* сan,t аvеt bothways hаvе сhаngе t hеаrt* havе goodmind o * hаvеt outwith* hаvе oсonnесtionith
1 A|thoughavе antеdo сl imb Vоuntvеrеst,еwhеn аrаh aid hе ou|dn,t аnаяеhе
businеssithout im.Thеhotelurnеd ut о bеа bigdisаppointmеnt.ionaandStеvе to boоk room omewhеrеlsе.Wеdon't аvе nough onеyo buу саrаndgoonho|idаууoU .
4 Dеspitеavinghе amе amе,hе еstaurаnt
thе hotе|.5 С|arе hеr boss boutwhу shеhadn'tbееn
promole0.
8 Write hе аdjeсtivе orm of thеsеwords.
1 disappoint2 еffесt3 еxpеnsе4 powеr5 spесtaсlе6 tеrrify
9 Findwords onnесtеd ithspeed nd movеmеnt hiсhmеan hе samе s he eхp|anаtionsn 1_7.Тhe irst еttеrof еaсhword sgivеn.1 takеoff : I- t- c-2 inсrеasеhеpaсе f:g s-3 mоvеn hеdirесtionf:h- f4 bеаt uiсk|уnd еpеаtеdlyith our ist: -.
5 movе uiсk|y,aking |oud, ееp oisе:6 turn оund uiсk|у:-7 movе оanddown:
Тhe right \^|ords10 Сhoosеhе сorreсt orda' b,с, or d to сomplеtе artof a
pеrsonaItatеmеnt.
I havе |wауseеn - inpursuing,- in
еduсation.еnjoу- with hiIdrеn,ndhаvе n
mаny spеntmy rее imе - еxtramonеуbyассоmpаnyinghiIdrеnnсamping olidaуs.
Myhobbiеsrеhоrsе-ridingnd еading- togoingo thе inеmа nd hеatrе.hаvе |so ееn nоrganisеd- to South mеri са.
s..з)eA
l аmu- |еarningo dr ivе
n- са|mwhеnnесеssаry.
forwоrking ith oung eop|е.
I am сrеativеutсаnI ееl hаvе n o
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a rеgardеd b notiсеd с intеrеsted d сonсеrnеdа саrееr b job с work d posta doing b working с part iсipаt lngmаkinga instаnсеs oссasionsс opportunit iеst imеsa еаrning b winning с passing d takinga in addition аswе|l с аftеr l| d tooa еxсursion еxpеriеnсе еxpIorat ion еxpedit iona alrеаdy b aсtuа||у с сurrеnt|y d rеа|Iya ho|d b havе с kееp d finda аptitudе b аppеаranсеаpp|iсаt ion approvа|
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VisllаI Got,Gepts
1 Answеr hеsе uestions.1 Whiсh f hеsе aint ingsoyou ikе еst ndwhy?2 Who oуou hink аintеdhеm?3 Whiсh аint ings:
a lmprеssionistn stу|е
b СubistnstуIе?4 WouIdou есognisеthеr orks y hе аmе rtistsf
уou аw hеm?
ReadingSkim еad he extand indoutwhatexpеrimеnts еreсarriеd ut andwhat he rеsults howеd.
тiсk (/) fourstatеments hiсh еfleсt heсontеnt f thetext.
1 П |t sgеnеraIIyhoughthаt igеonsrе tupid.2 П Birds rеVеry isсеrningbout hаt hеу at.3 П Sсiеntistsаn ssеssigеons,ntе||igеnсеу еwardi
thеmwith ood.4 П Pigеonsppеаro bеаb|еo rесognisеiffеrеnt
аrtistiсty|es.5 П Pigеonsаn еII nе mprеssionis trt istrom nothеr6 П Тhе еstWith tudеntsrovеdhаt igеonsou|d е
trainеdodoanything.П Тhе tudеntsrobab|yai|еdhе еsts есаusеhеy
apprоасhеdhеm nа diffеrеntay.
П Pigеonsppаrеnt|ynjoy ppеaringnTV.
VoсahularyUndоrьtanding4 Findwords r phrasesn the eхtwhiсhmеаn:
,l unintеlIigеntpаragrаph)2 tаkе raссеpt sbеingruе pаragrаph)3 еаsiIyеrsuadеdrdесеivеdparаgraph)4 do bеttеrhan pаrаgrаph)5 а gеnеraIrаbstraсtdеа pаrаgrаph)
6 unab|еo mаkе dесisionpаrаgraph)7 diff iсu|tpаrаgrаph)8 сompеtitorspаrаgrаph)9 shownpаragrаph)
10 vеry urprisingpаragrаph)
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Тhird сondit ional
Qlлiсkqшiz
Т мatсh hеbеginningsl_3to thееndings _с oсomp|еtеhe uIеs.1 Wеusе hе irst оndit iоnа|o а|k bout ..2 Wеusе hе есondondit ionаIo aIk bout ..3 Whеn xprеssingishеs iIh lwеwish+ Somеonе
would ..
a somеthinghiсh sunlikeIyo happеn.b wесаnnot sе hеobjесt ronounsor wе.с somеthinghiсhmay аppеnn he uturе.
2 Rеаd he еxtand сomp|еtehе ab|е.
Whаtwаsdisсoverеd?
Whomadе hеdisсоvеry?
Whеn idhe ivе?
Dаtе f disсovеry?
Whаt аppеnеdn ]945u
AссlDENТsoFsс ЕNсESir Alexander leming r88t-r955)hada сo[[еаguе ho unti lquitereсentlyworkеdat St.MaryЪHospital, ondon. ссordingothisсol league,hedisсovery f
peniсi[[inou[d еver avehappenedf one day n t9z8a pieсеof moutd adnot toatеdnthrough n opеnwindow possibtyrom hе pubopposite) ndlanded n a plateof glassFleming as using nanexperiment.Thеlatewas сoverеdwitha powerful aсtеriumсalIedstophyloсoссus.
A lessobservant сiеntistmighthave hrown t straightnthе bin,but Fteming otiсеd herewereno baсteria еar hegreenmou[d.n tests, e disсoveredhat hemouldalsokittedotherbaсteria, et t сoutdbе given o anima[swithno obvioussideeffeсts. he disсovery, hiсhbeсame nownas peniсittin,was he irst ntibiotiс,ndwasab[е o сombat hugеnumber
of fatа[ aсteriaI iseases. inalty,n t945,Fleming nd woothеr сientists hareda Nobеtprize or thedisсovervhatWasto sаVemitlions f l ives.
Сomplеtеhе sеntеnсe ith hе сorrесtormof thеvеrbin braсkets.hеnanswer uestions and2.
lf а piесе fmould (not loаt)hroughhеwindow,Flеming (not isсovеr)еniсi lI in.
1 Dida piесе f mоu|dlоat hroughhеwindow?2 DidFIеmingisсovеrеniсi lI insa СonSеqUеnсеf his?
Look t thееxamp|еs_dаndсomp|еtеhе uIеs boutthе hird ondit ionаI.a flerning tяds bзervdnt. 4вdi,dn't hrow ko plвfr in
tha bin.b lf Floming hаdn,tboen obsorvаnt,hg wоuldhаve.
tkrawn hop|аton thв bin,
с Flarпingnatiсedw&ofwяs hаppening n thr p вte.no Kapr t.d Ftraming омIdnоt tlвveK*уlt ha plаte f he hаdn,t
notiсadwfisf wgs hаpponing n it"RuIеs,| Wеusе hе hird ondi tionа|o а|k bout hе hеorеtiс а|
СonsеqUеnсеsf situationsn hеpаst.2 То orm hе hird ondit ionaIеUsе f+-, wou|d
/ wouIdп,Lаvе3 Wе аnput hе с|ausееforе rаftеrhеmаin |аusе.
Whеn hе сIausеomеs, WеUsе Сommа.
Сomp|еtеhе sеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thеvеrbin braсkеts.1 JаnеWеnto HеIеn,sаrtу.hеmеthеrboуfriеnd.
If аnе (not o) о Hе|еn,sarty,hе (notmееt) erboyfriеnd.
2 Petе idn't ork аrd. е аilеd is ХаmS.lf Pеtе (work)аrdеr,е (notail) isеXams.Ididn't o obеd аrly.gotup atе hismorning.|f | (go)o bеdеаrliеr, (not еtup) oIatеhismorning.i\4arkntеrеdhе ompеtit ion.ewon$100.
|\4аrk (nоt in) 100f hе (not ntеr)hесom еtit ion.Sа||у еnt kii ng аst ееkеnd.hе rokе еr еg.Sа|iу (nоt rеak)еr еg f shе (not o)skilngast ееkеnd.I didn't uу nеw aсkеt.didn't avе nough onеy .|f (hаvе)nough onеу,- (buу) nеwjасkеt.
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Wishes nd rеgrets6 whatdid thеу аy?Mаtсh iсtures _4 o sеntenсеs_d.
Тhеn ompletеhе rulеs boutwishеs ndregrets.
a |fon|у hаdbееnmorе оnfidеnt.wish hаd аid.yеs'b |fon|y hаdn,tеft o|atеl wish hе raff iс adn't ееn
sо bаd.с Iwish hadn'tаi|еd fon|v hаdprасtisеdorе.d Iwish hadn'tаkеn his ob. fon|y Vаrkаdn't
сonvinсеd е o movе o thisoffiсеRules.l Тo makеwishеs bout hеpastWеusеwшh+
(not) pаst artiсiplе.2 Тo a|k bоut еgrеtsbout hеpastWеusе f onlу+ hаd
(not)+
Writе еntеnсеsxpressingishеs ndrеgrеts bout hеpastusing hе deas l-6.
1 Youhavе еvеr on nythingnуour ifе.2 Timdidn,t tudу аrd noughor hе еst n |Vondаy.З YouWеrеn'tbIе ogo o hеpaпу аst rida у ight.4 Тhe еaсhеr avе oU |ot f homеworkastwееkеnd.5 Youhavе еvеr ad hеopportunitуo rаvеIbroаd.6 Youhad n аrgumеntith our еst riеnd bout
somеthingеa||уiIIy.EхаmpIеl wiвh hаd won вomathing.lf onlу l hаd boen ucKier.
Lеt'saсtivateцlhat f ...?8 work n smаI| roups.maginе ha t hеworId ould
hаve ееn ikе f thesе hings adn't appеned.se hеthird ondit ionаI.1 thеdisсоvеryf irе
2 thеdеvе|opmеntf |аnguаgеЗ thе nvеntionf boats nd rаins4 thеdеvе|opmеntf atomiс nеrgy5 thеbuiIdingf owns nd it iеs6 thе nvеntionf hеmiсroсhip
EхampIe
lf fira hаdn,t aandisсovored'aoplowouldn,t аva
beenаbte o сooK heir meаt..ft P.
f rhaуhаdn,tboonаble to сooK
,;:H:n;nil",t'fi,lfo"'nf"""n ;n.o'tr*";::iL;r:':;{:I,уuIdiI, в
In pairs,akе urns o еxpress ishеs ndregrеts boutthе oIlowingituations.1 Yоur riеndsnvitеdoU ogo o hеbеасh,ut ou
didn't o. ou,rеorеdl2 YouWеnto а partу nFridау ight, ut ouhad
tеrr ibIеimе.3 Youmissеdhеbushоmе ftеrhеpartу.ou rrivеd
|аtе ndyour аrеnts еrе n8rу.4 Your arеntsесidеdou ou|dn'toout hiswееk. our
boуfr iеnd/girIfr iеndаs skеd ou ogo o hе inеmаbutуouсаn't 0.
5 You еft сhoо|andot ob. ourob s еа||уoring.6 А|| our riеnds еntounivеrsity.hеy ееmo hаvе
intеrеstingivеs.7 Youdidn't аvе nуmonеу,ou pеnttaIl.Now ou
саn't oonholiday.8 You plit pwith our oyfr iеnd/girIfr iеnd.
h*
..\
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iGood for tlтe brаitт?, l Look uiсkIyt thеmapof СеntraIondon nd rу o
memorisеt. CIosе ourbooks, hеnseе f youсananswеrthеquestionshе еaсhеr sks ou.
Listening2 oсln:' Listеn o pаrtof a radioprogrammеbout
London axidrivеrs .сabbiеs'),nd сompletеhe notеs.] Nаmе f еst аkеn:2 What еsеarсhhows:rivеrs3 Diffеrеnсеnbrаin аpaсitу:4 Typе f mеmorуnсrеasеd:5 What abbiеsrе аmоusor:
3 Listеn gаin ndanswеrhеquеstions.1 Whаt o Londоnаxi rivеrsoаspаrt f hеir rаining?
2 Тhе pеakеralIshе axi r ivеrs .rаrebrееd'. hy?З Who id hе еsеarсhеrsompаrеhе аxi ri vеrso?4 Whаt o hе аbbiеsаvео do opаsshеknow|еdgе
test?
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4 Q),., vouarеgoing o hеarEIeanor aguirе,rеsеarсher,alking bout hеpartof thе brainwherеwestorе hе hingswе сonsсious|yеmemberthehippoсampus).isten nd iсk /) thеstatеmеntshemakеs ndputa сross X) еsidеhosе hеdoеsnot.
1 П Rеsеarсhеrs|rеаdvnеw bout hepowеr f аnаnimа|,sippoсаmpus.
2 П Тhеhumаn ippoсаmpussdiffеrеntrom nаnima|'s3 П A dаmagеdippoсampusаkеsifе iff iсu|tor
сrеatUes.4 П Тaxi r ivеrs hoknеwmorе |aсеsad |аrgеr
hippoсampus'Тахi rivеrsrеdiff iсuItеoplеo studу.This tudy оuId аvе ееn оnе n аnу itуln hеwor|d.
П Тhе еsеarсhеrssеd wo omp|еtе|yiffеrеntmethodsf еstingabbiеs.
П Ехpеriеnсеdахi r ivеrs еrеmorеwilIing
to spеndimеbеingestеd.
Pronu сiationiilant lattогa5 ro6Jэ'зSomе f thеwords n ]_7 сontain еttеrs hiсh rе
notpronounсedsi|еntеtters).irсIеhе |еttеrs hiсh outhink rе iIеnt.hen istеn ndсhесk our nswеrs.
Ехаmplе
фnowtadge1 writе
2 whеn3 housе4 ignorе5 rас|аl
6 сonsсious7 built
SpeakingРrainstoгming preьentation6 Ingroups, rеparе prеsentationn the oIIowingopiс.
Brаinstorm hatkindof informationouwi||nеed oryourprеsеntаtionndwherе oumight ind t. Тhinkabout hе diffеrеnt indsof еduсаtionouсou|d a|kabout, ndhow oumight ntеrprethеwordupbringing.
Whiсh oyou onsidеro bеmorе mportant:duсаtionrupbringing?
7 tn thesаmеgroups' есidеwhat nformationor yourpresentаtionoumight utundеr hеse еadings.. Intrоduсingour rеsеnlаt ion. Argumеntsororаgаinsthе o|е f еduсаtion'
. Argumеntsorоr аgаinsthе o|е f upbringing'
. Сonс|usions
Prоssntinq {our information
s О6Jэ.lRеad hе сonvеrsаtionn thе boxandmatсh hеphrasеsn italiсs o thе unсtions -е:а support lngnаrgumеntb сonсludingnаrgumеntс introduсingсontrаdiсtorуrgumеntd inIroduсinglopiсе suppоrt ingour piniоn
PrеsеntingnformationА \Ау eseаrсhаs hown hаtourupbringings аr
morе mоortаnthаn urеduсat ion.B Тhiswouldаppeаr o be truе rom mу own rеsеarсh.
on the thеr аnd,ldon't hinkwе hou|dundеrеstimаtеhе mоortanсеfеduсation.l pеrsonollуeеl hаtourstatusn Iifе s oftеn dirесtrеsu|tf ourеduсаtionaIaсkground.
A overаll' t would eem hаtbothareasmpоrtаnt s
еасh thеr.
il'*.,f t
1"
F
-э6П
@noскworriеd
whiсhnon sIsignасruсiаsсiеnсеbu lеt
Kindwrong
Wnуhousigntr iаlsсrеagu lt
&ivingYourPrоsоntаtion9 Givе prеsentationthrеeo fourminutes)sing he
out|inе lаn n 7' Usе hepresentationheсkIisto hе|pyou.Prеsеntаtionhесk|stо Stiсko hеоrganisаtionfyoUr rеsеntation.hiswi||
hе|p ou o prеsеntour dеаs |еar lу.о Prеsеnt orе hаn nеpoint f viеw. hiswiII how hаt
your nformаtions notonе-sidеd.о Usе асts rstаt ist iсs.hiswiII how our dеas rеbаsеd
on evidеnсe,ot mаginat ion.. spеаk |еаrlуndwatсh our rammar,nсorrесt
grammаran ntеrfеrе ith hе ommuniсationfуourmеssаgе.
Aneшоringuоetionsbout our Prasоntation, CI lmagine ouarе bеing skеd hе o||owinguеstions
about ourpresеntation,owwould ouanswеr hеm?. Why idyou hоosеhis оpiс?
o How аvе ou ormеd оur pinions?. Whiсh ivеs ettеrеsu|tshаrdwork r nаturaIbiIitу?. ls t possib|еo ovеrсomе|асk f nаtura|bil ity y
hаrdwork?. Whаt hou|d е еwаrdеd orе асhiеvеmеntr hаrd
work?
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Howеvец thеrе was a twist to all this: whеn askеd abоutthеir ambitions, 4Зo/o aid thеy would likе to bеastlonauts, 2Зo/o ootballeтs, Some 650lowantеd to sееsomе form of spaсе sсiеnсе introduсеd into thесlassroom.
Тhе studеntswho wеrе quеstionеd n thе survеyproduсеd
a widе rangе of сommеnts, somе rathеrnеgativе n thеir tonе. Еxamplеs nсludе: ,Thееxpеrimеntsarеgood but thе rеst s dеad boring'; .I
don,t mind еxpеrimеntsbut I hatе rесording rеsults.,Нowеvе1 onе сommеnt Wasmuсh morе еnсouraging: I
Want o bе an astronaut,So I nееd to gеtall thеknowlеdgе сan bесаusе stlonautsmust havе ots ofqualifiсations.,
4Rеsеarсhеrs t thе SpaсеСеntrеWеrеnot in thе lеastsurprisеdby thе flndings.Thеy сonfirmеdwhat had bееnsuspесtеd or a long timе _ that astronomy, paсе,andthе origin of thе univеrsе arе thе most importantsubjeсtswhеn it сomеs to attraсtingyoung pеoplе ntosсiеnсеand maintaining thеir intеrеSt.(
It sееms hat a passion or sсiеnсесan bе maintainеd byеnthusiastiс еaсhеrswho highlight thе rеlеvanсеof thеsubjесt n a modеrn world and who сan overсomе hе
that sсiеnсе s rеprеsеntеd y whitе-сoatеdaсadеmiсs, s t tеndеd to bе in thе past.
Guаrdiаn Eduсаtioп
Using hе passivе? Sсаn hе extаnd undеr|inеixexamplеs f thеpassive.
Whаt ensеs rе hеpаssivееrbs n?Why sthepassivеsuitаblеorа rеport f thiskind?
& Rеwritеhеsе еntеnсеsn thepаssive. sе hеbеginningsiven.
1 Pеop|еаrriеdUt sUrVеу.A survеy.Еnthusiastiсеасhеrsadgrеаt|у ot ivatеdtudеnts.Studеnts. .ТhеywiII ubIishhе indingsf hе urvеу еxt ееkThе indings..Wе аn nсouragеtudеntso аkеmorе ntеrеstnsсiеnt if iсubjесts.tudеnts..PеopIеftеn ау сiеnс еs boring.сiеnсе..Pеop|еftеn houghtсienсеаs iff iсuIt.сiеnсе..
Writingabout data
*t&a
€*
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,gЗ
56
Undsrstandirrghe asKYouаrеgoing o сarrу ut а сIаss urveуo findout whаtkindof obsstudеnts оuId ike o dowhen hеy eavеsсhooI,hеnwrite bout our indings.
ln groups, rainstormhat nformаtionouwi|I ееd,
thеndesign quеstionnairеo find he nformаtion.ouwiII ееd paсе orboth uеst ionsnd еsu|ts.se hеideas romeaсh roup o dеsign our inaI uеstionnairе'
Rесord our indings y asking tudеntso rаisе hеirhands hеn hе urvey uеstionsrеаskеd,hеnса|сuIatеhе pеrсеntagesf studentsor еaсhquеstion.
Ask ndividuaItudentsorsomе ersonaIomments.Makе notе f thеm.
PlanningЗЗ In hesamе roups' lan our еport.
, l Dесidе owmany аragrаphsour еport i lI аvе2 Dесidе hat o nсludеn еасh аragrаph.3 Dесidе hiсh tudеntommеntso nсludеnуour
rеport. ry o сhoosе t еаstwodiffеrеntinds fсommеnts.
\ttriting
Еxаltlсгаittitlgt
PrеsentingatаAswе|I sprеsеntingаta,rу o draw оmе onсl usions
from our indings.,Е€ writеуour ntеrprеtation200_250ords).
о Prеsеntоur tаt ist iсs|еаrlуnd ogiса||у. Show еgаtivеndposit ivеttitudеs.. Suggеstedn ovеra||onс|usion.
LhoсYing
€Б Сhесk hatyouhavе:. inс|udеdomе еrsonalommеnts.о mеntionеdour еасt ion(s)o hе indings.
o givе есt ionsеаdings.. writtеnhе right mount 200-250 ords).
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Third сonditional1 (ompIеtеhеsentenсеsith heсorrесt ormof thе vеrb
in brасkets.1 lf wе (know)оuwеrеn tоwn аstwееkеnd,е
(invitе)ou o dinnеr.|f - (pаss) ydrivingеst аst ееk,(buy) sесond-hаndаr.Whаt (уоu/do)f Bi||- (аsk)ou o mаrryhimуеstеrdау?|f heсar (not rеak own), е- (nоt е|atе)orourаppointmеntast ridаy.l - (givе)ouSаm's honе umbеrf you-(ask) е butуoudidn't.
2 Rewritе еntenсеs_6using hе hirdсonditionа].1 Mаriа idn't oon hoIidаyесаusеhе idn't avе
еnoughmonеy.|fMаria ..
2 Wеdidn't eе hесonсert eсаusе еdidn,t ook iсkеtsinadvаnсе.|fwе ..
3 Тhеpo|iсеidn't аtсhhе hiеf оhedidn,t o о аi|.rf ..
4 |was b|е o wаtсh hе iImbесаusеfoundmygIаssеs.rf ..
5 Mаtt idn,t uy hе аrbeсаusеtwas oоеxpеnsivе.l\4att..6 Тhеy ad nассidеntесаusеhеywеrеn'tr iving
сa еfu v.rf ..
3 CompIеtееntеnсеs_7using he prompts nd hе modaIverb n braсkets.1 |fyouhаd oIdMаtt bout our rob|еm,heoffer
hеlp.might)2 Тheу сatсh thе rаi n f thеуhаdgоtup еаr|iеr.might)3 |fуouhаd nvitеdеsso thеparty,hе сomе. wou|d)
4 lf youwаntedo pass our xam, ou rеvisеmorе'(should)
5 lf hеy idn't ant omiss hе hoщ hey arrivе аrl iеr.(oughtо)
6 Тhе th|еtewin lthe асеf hehadn'tniurеd imsеIf.(сoud)
7 С|arebe a good io|in |аyerf shеhаdn,t ivеnt up.(сoud)
ltlishеsаnd rеgrеts4 Rewritе еntеnсes _8using utish r f onlу.
1 BrvаnWas orrvhathe eft сhoo|t 16.Brуan ishеs..
2 lt 's nfortunatеhаtBеndidn,t еt hе оb.
3
4
5
|fon|у ..Unfortunatе|yinа rokе еr еgwhеn hеwas ki ingTinawishеs..l fее| wfuI bout orgеttingаm,s irthdаy.I wish ..I rеgrеt ot rаveIlingbroad hеn Wаs oungеr.lf onlу ..lt 's shamеhаtWе ouIdn'to o hеmountаinsast
wееkеnd.Wеwish ..
7 N,{аrtinissеdhеbusаndwаs аtе оrsсhooIMаrt in ishеs...
8 Jеnnyorgoto oсk hеdoorof hеr lаt.Ifonlу ..
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123456
B
thоughtfu
of уоu o buyHеathеr birthday
to writе good dvеnturе
4 Answerhеse uеstions.
1 Whеn аs hе astimе ouhаd o оkе ссk omеthing
yоu аid?2 Doуou ike оking n eхIra еsponsibilitiеst sсhoo|?З Doуou indEnglishrаmmаrаsуo tаkеn?4 Whodo уou аkе ftеrmost nуour ami|у?
?rоpositiona5 Comp|еtеhеsе еntеnсеs ith hе сorrесt reposition.
* аt * for* from* 6f * {6 * 1yi{fi
1 lf thepigеоnshosеhе orrесtnsWеr,heywеrеrеwardеd- food.
2 Thе mount timе hееxpеrimеntоokwаsIongеrhan хpесtеd.
3 Rеsеаrсhеrsookеd а|| hееvidеnсе.hеn amеtoа сonсIusion.Miсhе||еas uffеring а tеrr ib|ееаdaсhеShе'd pеnt oursn ront f hеr omputеr.It ookDаniе| |ons imе owork utа soIut iоn
thеprob|еmDominiс,Br iеns аmousmеmory.
hisphenomеnа|
2
34
b оpportunity fortunе
for
All
с саrr lеd ut
goodmеmоry nd
с with
a gаVе b won
7 Rеsеаrсhеrsntеrviеwеd-
bеforеhеywrotеhеir еporl ' .a |argе b widе
с hаd
rаngе f studеnts
с width
ЦlordbuildingСompIеtehе ablеwith hе сorrесtormof the wоrds.
Usеа diсtionaryo heIp ou f neсеssary.vеrb nounХХX intе||igеnсе
adjесtive
to hinkto mеmоrisе
know|еdgеab|еImagInат|on
to nformсonсеntratеdсonfusing
(ompIеtеhеsе entenсеs ith hе соrrесtormof а
suitab|e ord rom hе abIe n 1.1 Тheеxpеrimеntееmеdo show hatpigеons еrеmorе
thаn rt tudеntshеn t саmе o art2 Сan ou urn hе adi o ff? 'm i ndingtdiff iсUIt
Havе ou ver riеd a 2O-digitumbеr?|\4аrksVеry- аbout omputеrs'еhe|pеd еfixmу PС.Itwasprеsеnt.Younееd |ot {
story.7 Your irесt ionsоr indinghеhotеI erе еr,I got ost.
8 Тhеbookon how o improvе ourmеmoryWаs еrуThеrеwаs |ot f oraсtiсаIdviсе
Phraeаlverbs wi ,h аKa3 Matсh hеphrаsal еrbsn italiсs o thеirmeаnings_f .
.l Suе ound t еasу o tаkе n whаt hе еасhеr аs аyingShewаs еry ood t mаths.
2 Rасhelookto im mmеdiаtеIv.hеv ad hе аmеhobbiеsnd ntеrеsts.
З 7oё аidGarеth аsusе|esst hoсkеy.hеhad o tаkеbасkherwordswhеnhеsсorеd goа|.
4 Whеn е missеdhе ootbа|| аtсh,МaIttookt outon
abсdеT
hisgir lfr iеnd.twashеr аu|thеy rrivеdаtе.Lukеwаskееn о tаkе n morеwork ndеаrnhi spromotion.Lisа s rеa||yoodаt sсiеnсеs.hе аkes t'tеr er ather
аdmit ouarеWrong|ook rbеhavеikе mеmbеr fyour аmi|ytakе еsponsibiIityor omеthing
bеhavе аd|yowаrdsomеonеесаusеoU rеupsеtI kе оmеthig/somеonеundеrstandomеthing
Words hat go togоthоr
6 сhoosе he сorrесt ordor phrasеo сompletehеsеntenсеs..l
Joе ссеptеdhе oboffer. twаs go|denhim.a сnаnсе
a fortunе аsn'tmportаnto hе сiеntist.hеwаntеd as есоgnitionorhiswork.a Doing b Сrеаting с N4аking
З Тhе ompany а sUrVеуn hеpopu|аrityfsсiеnсеu jесts.a саrr iеdn b сarriеd ff
4 ls hеrе сonnесtion aintеl gеnсе?а bеtwееn b aсross
5 AIеxandеr|еmingisсovеrеdеniсiIl inaсс|0еnТa0у b for с wtth
Whеn hеwas n F|orida,ionа thеopportunitуto visit hеKеnnеdypaсе еntrе.
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VsteTfodernRеad hе еxtanddесidе f thеsе tаtemеntsrе rue Т) r fаlsе F). orrесthefaIsе tatеments.1 П Таtе Vodеrnаs ееn ui|t ехt o а powеr tаtion.2 П You аn ееmany iffеrеntinds f artist iсtуlestТаte /odеrn.
3 П Тhе rсhiteсtsf hеnеw а||еrу еrе otBrit ish.4 П Тhеmаin ntranсео hеgа||еrуaсеshе ivеr hаmеs.5 П Visitorsntеrhеgal|еr iеsуwaIkingpа fl ight f stаirs.6 П Thеbuildingas Iаssidеs vеr|оokinghеThаmеs.7 П AtTаtе 4odеrnou anhаvе mеal nda wondеrfuliеw t hе amе imе.
8 П Еvеnfуouwork u||-timе,ouwi|| еab|еovisit hеgа|lеry
9 П ThеbuiIdingsdеsignеdith hеdisаb|еdn mind.10 П Thеrеsanеntrаnсеее oradu|ts.
Disabtedaсilities. Whеelсhairссess. Hearingmpairеd. Visualtуmрairеd.
Guidе ogsWetсomе. Disabledoitеts
This sa piсture f thеkindof artthatТаteMоdern ftеndisplaуs.nsmaIl roups,isсuss hat outhinkof artIikе his.
Ьt. \
Tаte rAoderns Britain,sewnationalmuseumfmodern rt. t shousedn he
iffi :ffi;";. ;;;; ;;;; ;;;; banksf heRiverhаmes.he allery
;.,,hy;; *",iа f;;;;;;'i" .otй.tion of internationalmodernandсontemorayaп' i nсrii'й ; ;й;;; il.;"й.;; ;i.asso, oаti,Roth o апd
Warhol' swellаsother ontemporaryo'n;ointo ТateMoфrn ьy swiss
BanksidePowerStаtionwas.transformarсhiteсts.ьe rormeriurьinеatt'
'ulllnYthewhole ength f thebuilding
paraller o the ,i".,, no* ormsa йreath11кinsntrаnсeo thegallery. rom
here, isitor. ," ,*й up ьy esсalatorhroughwo loors.featuring.аafё,
;;;; ;;;;;iil.ir. il il,i"" i.u"r, ofgaueries. tthe opof thebuildinss a
newtwo.storey tаss- i wьiсь noi ontyprovides.naturalight. nto he
;;.i"il; "iiьЁtБp loor, utatsohouses stunningafё ffering utstanding
",il:;..l,":',li",'ilЬof peсiatxhibitionsаnd.aroady.b.ч.|j"g-liiT::j
"u"ii,_.ь,ousьoutt'. y;"r. Таtevlode.rns а[soopen..lаten-г11davnd
Sаturdayvenings,"nj,
'iь. summernightsraw ear,t s anexсellentime
;;;;;il;;i;iii;., ;;i; ; gаlleryalkorsimply rowsen he hop.
Fасitities. Groups ссеpted. ЕduсationaIisits
rE9tffiiфA .
Talking boutyourсountry
,:.Answer he ollowing uestions
about ourсountry.1 Whаt ind fаrtgа||еr iеsеxistwherе ou ivе?
2 HоwpopuIаrrе hеу?3 What thеr inds f
mUsеUmsrе hеrе?4 |s herе nеntry hargе?
(Howmuсhs t?)5 How mportаntoуou hink
it s o ntroduсеoun8pеoplеo аrtаnd uIturе?
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1 Look t thеpiсturеsnd аnswеrhеquеstions.1 Тhе wopеoplеn hеsе hоtographsrеRоmеo nd
Juliеt. hat appеnso hе wo hаrасtеrsnShаkеspеarе'sIay?
2 Whу оyou hink his ind f stоrуntеrеstsеop|е?3 Whаt асrifiсе sоuId oumаkе obеwith hеonе ou
Iovеd?
Love'ot,qJrersаrrLОvЕ. II\I Allоt сlirl,эЙt€
l It had еvсrything a film studio сoulс] drеam ol not only асlеan-сut hеrо аnd an ехсrtiсhеroinе, Ьut also lovе aсrоss thеdividе
- in short, thе story of a mоdеrn Romеo and }uliеt. Неwirs а 25-yеar-old Amсriсаn m:irinе, а Liеutсnаnt Сorpoгаlсallеd jаson Jоhnson' Shе was а 19.yсаr-old AraЬ prinсеssсаllсd Mеrian. Whеn thсir еyеs mеt iп a сгowdеd shoppingmall in Bаhrain, it was lovе аt first sight. Whеn hеr Гаmiiydisсоvеrеd thс сourtsЬip, Mеrian wаs сonfinеd to hеr homеЬut thе romаnсе сontinuеd Ьy tеlеphonе. Finаlly, thе сouplеdссidеd tо flее аnd mаkе thеir livеs togеthеr in thе USA. Itmаy sound likе a sсript Гora film Ьut this оnе is * morе oг lеss_ a truе story.
2 fason knеw that US marinеs did not hаvе to sholv а PassРогtto lсavе Bаhrain sо hе forgеd doсumеnts Гor N{сrian so thаtshе would aРpеаr to Ье а mеmЬеr of thе marinе сorDs.Меrian wаs kittеt] out in sloppy, Ь"ggy Amеriсаn .lothе,.Shе hiLl hеr long hriг undеr а Nеw Yurk Yаnkееs ЬаsеЬаlIсap аnrl togеthег hсy Ьоаrdеda Hight to Chiсago.
3 Aftеr Ьеiпg rеlсasеd Ьy thе immigration ,.*i.- whilе adесision wаs madе аs to whеthеr ,й. *ould Ьс аllo*еd tost: ly n thе USA. thе pr inсеssmагriеd thс meriпе. аson.гhеsоn of а сеmеnt truсk <lrivег' аd to mаkе saсrifiсеs о ь.
"ьt.o marrу Mеrian. Не was dеmоtеd tо tЬе гank oГPrivаtе fоrЬringing аn illеgаl immigrant into thе сountry Ьut is stillsегvingat his unit.sЬasе n СnIiЪгniа. whсrе thе сouplеnow
l ivе.Тесhniсаl lу.Меriаn соuld sr i l lЬе dеportеd. vеn thoughshе is marriсd to a US сitizen.
4 A kеy figurе in thе lovеrs. sroгy s Tom СolЬеrt, thе prеsidеntоГl сompаny rhаrpгomotеs toгiеs hat i .,t ,pp.,..d in IoсaInеWsPаpеrs Ьy pIeсing thеm on ТV аnd in nагiс lnаlnеWspaPегsnd mаgazinеs.СolЬеrt aгrangеd oг а сontасt.Мary Alое, to sign up thе film rights to thеir stоry.
5 .Ifеl l in lovе with thеm,'sаid Aloе. .Thсy
arс an awеsomесоuрlе. Thеir story hаs еvеrything. It,s а thrillеr аnd thеге соuld Ье thrее diffеrепt еndings. Thеy сould lir,е hаppilyеvеr aГtеrаnd {ind out thаt hеr family sесrеtly ,uppo...j ь..'Or sЬс сould Ье sеnt Ьaсk аnd h. h", io l.. ь., go. Ь' .ь.,'.""indеpеnсlеnt Woman who rеaiisеs that, although shе lovеsJason, nоw that shе's n Amеriсa shе wаnts to йou" on. Nomаttеr what thе сnding is. t.s ti l l : l grеatmoviе '
',t
]:::
.t::
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Reportеd peeсh
QзliсI<quiz
1 Answerhesе uеstions.
1 Howmanyypеs f rеportеdpеесhrе hеrе?2 Whаt hangеsoyounееd o makеwhеn urning
dirесt pеесhnto еportеdpеесh?
2 Тhispiсture hows hе rе-еnaсtmеntf a famoushistoriсaIatt|е. hydo you hinkpеopIе njoy аkingpart n еvents ikе his?
Roportingtatоmоnte I3 John s a rе.enaсtor.еad hе nеwspapеrutting nd hen
Irеport isstatementsI_6.Usе hе vеrbs n braсkеtsnd Imаkeanуneсеssaryhangеs. l, ,
&lRе-enaсtmеnts of famous battlеs from thе
t. ]Ameriсan Сivil Waт arе frеquеnt. onе rе-
;enaсtment of thе battle of Mulе Shoе bеtwееn 1
thе South and thе North in 1864 took plaсе;
ovеr thrее days and attlaсted 7,000rе-еnaсtorsi
and 20,000 Spесtators.
*Р'*** *q***аg*,#***-я
Ехаmple.Yеs,thе bаtt|еoday oеs ook iеrсе.,admit)dahn аdmittodthаt tho bаttlo thаt daу looKed ierсe.1 .ThеbattIеtаrtеdhismorning hеn t was t i|| istу. '
(tе||)
2 .Yousее,hе е-enaсtmеntson|у art f hiswееkеnd,sеntеrtaimеnt.'еxpIаi)
3 .Itakеmy o|е Iayingеriouslууеs, do.' аdmit)4 .Еvеryonесhoosеso bea historiсa|hаraсtеrhowas
simiIarn аgе r baсkground.,say)5 .Wеwоuld еvеr,nd mеаn еver,hangеhе
сhаrасtеrеhavе hosеn.,insist)
6 АсtuаI|у,е'rееmеmbеringhеdауs hеnwеhаd оfight ora сausе.'makеt с|еar)
Bоporting erb$uith .iп9
4 Lookat theeхampIеsnd he ru|е. hen eport hеstatementssing suitabIe еrb rom hе Iist.a
,Let,ego to the сinoma,, аid Luсу.
Luсу suggested going to the сinomа.
b.You
told Маrк mу seсra| , ennуsаid to Peler.{onnуocсused Petor of telling МаrK her вeсret.RuleAftеr еrtаineportingеrbs еusе gerund.omе f hеmost ommon еrbs rе:
aсСUsеsomеonе)f dеny insist n rесommеndsuggest
1 .Ididn,t orrowour D,'/mybrothеr.2 .WеаbsoIutе|yUstry he hoсoIatесе-сrеаm,'/i l|.3 .YoushouIdее еonardoiСaprio,sеw i|m,' Sy|viа.4 .Youtookmу aсkеto hеpаrtуl'Simonto his istеr.
5 .Whуdon'twеp|аyootba||n hеpark?'/im.
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Rоporting rdоrs and сequoьtь5 Look t heеxаmplеsndanswеrhequestions.
a.Рon,tmак9аn noiso,,ваid в rтlаn o u*.А man told us not to mаKo nY noi69.
b Тha rwвn itting naхl to ma turned ta uв аnd *аid,.Рlpаsgbo quiot,"
Tha mаn *ittingnaхt to rnr'asKBdus tо be сtruiot.
,l Whiсh еrb o Wеusе o rеport rdеrs?2 Whiсh еrb oWеusе o rеport еquеsts?3 Whаt hаngеsowеmаkеwhеnwе еport rdеrs nd
rеo еsts?4 Howdo wеrеport еgаtivеrdеrs nd rеquеsts?
6 Mаtсh hеsе еrbs o sentеnсеs_5.Thеn ewritе hеsеntеnсеsn reportеd peeсh'
ask оrdеr p|еad ith tе|| Urgе,l .Don'ttаIkwith ourmouthu||, 'thе othеrаid ohеr
уoUngon.
2.Stаy
whеrе ou rе 'hеpoIiсеmаnaid o hе obbеr.3 .Plеasе,p|еasе'еtmесomеwith ou,'Jamiеaid о hiso|dеr rothеr.
4 .Plеasеdonotput our ееt n hе eats,,thеus r ivеrsаid o hеpаssеngеrs.
5 ,Istrоng|ydvisеou o hink arеfu||yеforеouaссеpta ob,'thе arееrsdvisеrаid o hе tudеnts.
Bepoгting uoоtion67 Look t thеехamp|еsndаnswerhеquеstions.
a Tha ropartorаsкod whаt imotho ro-enаctmontwasgoing tо stаrt.
b Ьomeone"asKadf Fоbort О Loo wаea Confеdarаteor а Fpderаl&onorаl.
1 Whаt еrе hеdirесt uеstions?2 Whats hеdiffеrеnсееtweеnhе woquеstions?
3 Whаt hаngеsowemаkеwhеnwе еpоrt uеstions?
8 Matсh hеdirесt uеstionsl_4to thе answеrs _d.Тhen,rеport hequestionsnd аnswers si ng hеvеrbs еlow.
ansWеr аsk еnquirе rеspond sау tе|lwant o know wоndеr
1 Whеrеs hеmusеum еvotеdo hеСiviIWar?
2 WhаtmаkеshеmUsеUmоесiaI?3 Howmany ivеs еrе оstn hеСiviIWаr?4 What id hе o|diеrso o аmusеhеmsе|vеsn hе
wintеr?
a Itusеshе atеstntеrасtivеесhnoIogy.b Аt Pаmplin аrk еаr еtеrsburg.с 620,000.d Тhеy ad nowbaIIatt|еs.
lndiroсtquo6tion6̂ rithoutenьo hangeь9 Loоk t thееxampIesandb and hе uIеs _3. hеn
rеwritе uestions-6 bеginning ith hewords ivеn.
a ls t timеor thе ntеrvа|?Doуouknow f it's imе 'or hе ntеrvаl?
b Whоt imеdoеs hebаttle tаrt?Do
уouknowwhаt imе hеbаttlе tоrts?
Rulеs1 Whеn еаsk ndirесtuеstions,еdonotusе nvеrsion.2 Wеusеwhethеr,, or a quеstion ord о ntroduсеn
indirесtuеstion.3 Whеn hе ndirесtuеstiono||owsdireсt uеstion,r
impIiеduestion,wondеr,or oуou now,wе o notnееd o сhangеhе еnsе.
1 Arе hе rе.еnасtоrsаd?lwondеr...
2 Doеs nуbodуvеr еthurt?
Doyouknow ..3 Whеn oеs hе е-еnасtmеntinish?
Iwant o know4 What оаlI hеsе е-еnасtorso orа |ivins?
I,d ikе o ind ut ..5 Wi|| ou omе асk or hе е-еnaсtmеntехt еar?
Havе ou nv dеа ..6 How ong аvе oubееn aking аrt n hеbatt|е?
Tе|lmе ..
Lеt'saсtivatе10 o6Jlo.lYouaregoing o hеarpartof a Iivе adio
programmеbout СivilWar е-еnaсtment.istеn ndmakеnotеs nder hesе eadings.1 Whеrеhеоrеsеntеrs2 Why е s hеrе3 Тhеwеathеroday4 Тhе сеnе t ivе hismorning5 Thе ppеаranсеf hе е-еnасtors
11 ln pairs, еportwhat hеprеsеntеrаid.Use hе sеntеnсеopenerso help ou.
Hе aid/еxpIainedhat ..Hе old/аskеdirgеdhе istеnеrsnot)o ...Hеwondеrеd/wantеdo know ..
12 whatdidyourpartnеray?Ifyouwеrе е-enасtingn mportantvеntnyoUr oUntrу'shistorу,hat vent ouId ou hoosе? hy? еI|ourpаrtnеr,howiIIthenеport hаt ou aid o hе еst f hес|аsS.
Ah|..l
E€,
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iOptingtortt
ln groups, isсusshese uestions.1 Ifyou ould ivе nywhеrеouwantеdnyour ountry,
whеrе ou|dou hoosе? hy?2 How iff iсuItoyou hink t would е omovе way
from hеkind f Iifе ouhаvе оw?Whv?
Listеning2 Look t thepiсtures. hat indof lifеsty|еso you hink
thеsepеoplееad?
3 Q'o., Youarеgoing o hеar ixspеakersalking bouthow hеy urnеd hеirbaсks n their ifеstyIeso do
somеthingomplеtеly iffеrent. isten nd matсh hespeakеrs,_6 o thе statеmеnts_g.onе statemеnts notmadeby аnуspеаker.
a I was urprisеdy mуown Uссеss.b I е|tso|atеdесаusеf my a|еnt.с I madе suddеn есisiono сhangе у ifеsty|е.d I rеgrеt akinghеdесisionoсhangе y ifеstylе.e I havеmadе aсrifiсеso сhangеmу |ifеstу|е.
f I hаdа |itt lеroublе ith hе oса|s.g I p|annеd yсhаngеn Iifеstу|еаrеfulIy.
ldioms4 Listеn gain ndсomp|еtеhe dioms _13.
SpeаkеrIwas еtt ingbit1
SpеakеrSpеakеrSpеаkеr
PronunсiationVouоl 6ound'
6 ro6fo.зСirсlе hе wordssame owеI ound. hеn1 area tеа2 door soon
grеalbookfarkhцgplainhurt
SpеakеrSpеаkеrSpеakеr
with itу ifе, nd 'd us tI mаdе .-
dесision.
in еасh roup hat ontаinhеlistеn nd сhесk ouranswers.
rеасnr00m
sа dpooltalkfеwp|аworth
withmygir lfr iеnd.
SpeakerI was еtting'-with trаve||ing.thе5- grind
wе'd oon et6- of t.Spеaker,-fоr thееndof tsnаtura|ifе.
Thеy houghttwould thе onе f hеаrеа.
SpеakеrIt urnеd ut hаt had ,- for |оwninground
SpеakеrThеy houghthаt ,do- my .
It,s 2 hardworк.
Spеakеr
I dесidеdt Wаsn't,- thееffort.
5 ExpIаinhemеaning f the dioms _1З n 4.
3 hеаd4 |oоk5 Worк
о hцgе/ pIanе
8 first
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Speaking7 Matсh unсtions -6 to sеntеnсе pеners _f .
1 ask or nformation2 rеfusеo dosomеthing3 just ifуour pinion4 mаkе suggеstion
5 pеrsuаdеomеbodу6 wаrn оmеbоdy
a I know ou'rе otkееn n hе dеa, ut,уounеvеrknow,oumight njoy...
b l 'msorry ut rеа| |уon'twаnt o ...с Тhе hing s hаt t 's not)a ooddеа есausе..d Just есаrеfu|есausе..е Hоw bout doing)..?f Сan оu е||me...?
Fоtepla1
RolеpIayLook аrеfu||ytwhat ou rе skеdo doand rу orеmеmbеrow odo his n Еnglish.еmеmbеr,oumust nсludе||thе ointsn hе o|е |аy nd hоw оurabiIitуo eХprеssoursе|fn Еng|ish.
8 Inpairs,oIе laу his ituat ion.akе urns o pIay andB. Usе hе sеntеnсe pеners _f n 7 to heIp ou.
Student фu speak irst)
Your еst riend аs есidеd ot ogo ounivеrsitуftеr |l.. Find utwhy.. Trу opеrsuаdеim/hеro сhаngе is/hеr ind.о Warn im/hеrhat е/shе ight еgrеthis есision,
giving rеason.. SuggеstnаItеrnativеogoingo univеrsitу.
StudentYouhаvе есidеd ot ogo o univеrsityftеr ||. еspondIoyour arlnеr.. Еxp|ainhу oudon'twant ogo o univеrsitу.. Exp|ainhy ouwon't hangеourmind.
. Еxp|аinhy oudon,think ouwi|| еgrеthis есision.о Те|l our riеnd hаt ou hink f his/hеrItеrnаtivеo
un vеrsity.
5 Soundbites-+оmo11
9 66J'o.n istеn o а song rom hе musiсalСаtsandnumbеrhеvеrsesn thеordеr n whiсh hеy ppeаrin thеsong.
Тouсhmе|t's oеаsy o еаvеmеА|| |onе ith mеmory0f mydаysn hе un|fуou ouсhmеYou,lIndеrstаndhаt appinеsssLook' nеw ауhasbеgun
DаyIightI muslwаit or hе unrisеI must hink f a nеw ifеAnd mustn'tivеnWhen hеdаwn omеsТonight i|| еа mеmoryooAndа nеw ауwiII еgin
Burnt utеnds f smokу aysThе tа|еoId mе||f mоrningA strееtamp iеsAnothеr ightsovеrAnothеrаy sdаwning
MеmoryA|l |onеn hemоonIightI саn miIе ikе hео|d ауs
IwasbeautifuIhеn rеmеmbеrТhе imе knеwwhаt аppinеssasLеt hеmеmorуivе gаin
10 Answеrhequеstions., l Whatmеmoriеsoеs hе ingеr аvе f herpаst
Iifе?2 Whаt аs hе есidеdо dowhen аy|ightоmеs?З Dоyou hink urmеmoriеsf hеpаst rе
ассUratеiсturеsf what ur ifе as ike?Why/Whyot?
.
@
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С o rтfI iс G n gr n t e r esЁsln groups, isсusshе olIowingroblem. hеn ouhavefinished,ompаrеourdесisions ith hose f anothеrgroup.Imaginеhat ou rе ivingn a bеаutifu|,еmotеsIand.ThеpopuIаt ionndweа|thrеdесrеаsingаpidIy.hе nIyWay o еnsurеhе s|and'survivа|s odevе|opt оrmаsstourism.rе ou ororаgаinsthе dеa?Whу?
Studyinghe samplеUndоrstandinghо aвкz Deсidеwhiсhof thеpoints _farеаrguing orandwhiсh
arеarguing gainstourism.a Тourismrovidеsobs or hе oса|ommunity.b Тourismаmаgеshееnvironmеnt.с Thеbеhaviourf somе ouristss unассeptablеo IoсaI
pеop|е.d Тourismnсrеаsеshеwеа|thf hе nhabitаntsf а
сoU try.е Тourismе|ps еop|еo undеrstandnе nothеr еttеr.f Тouristsonot еspесthе ustomsnd rаditionsf
IoсaIеoplе.
3 шow еad hееssay bout ourism nd matсh opiсs _d
to paragraphs-4 .а Аrgumеntsgаinstourismb Соnс|usionс Argumеnlsor ourismd Тhе hinkingеhindhееssаyit lе
TOURtslvlsaneёvi::]P],"
many есentetbaсksothe ravеlndustrцl::Ii:T
is еxtremelyopular owadаys.o'. puop..аrguehat t sа neсеssaryаrt fа сountrv,soevе.lopment,thers laimhat tbrings oihingutproblеmsnd sofno eal еnеfitoLo.ui uopr..ohow esirаbles t?
Ц,ffLl"*lЦfffi '#,'i:::T l?[,ll"''.сountry ith imited ealth nd ewnatural..йu,..,. ,t1.:::::].-:
employmentormanyoсal eople. inatlц|tеnсourageseoplеotravеtoсountriЁsheywouldnever reviouslyavе reаmedfvisiting.his esuttsnan .nсreasеdndеrstandingfeaсh 'ь.?ъ ui,ur.",whiсhn urn an eаd obettеrеlationsьipseiweennations.
3 Neverthе[еss,ourism as tsnegаtiveidе. irstlисritiсs rguehat nyweаlth rеa1edelongsoа сhosenfewand hatmоstoсal nhabitantsiй Very itttefinanсiallyrom t. nаddition,heuriaссеptaьlеbеhaviourfsompresenсe',.,.',.,,.,l]ll''j:trhъ[etter ithout eoplе hohavе o .'р..t for oсalсustoms nd raditiоns.astty,ne trong rgumentagainstourisms hat tdаmigеshuun.ui,on'entnd .should,herefore,erestriсtеJoranneJ.
4 lnсonсlusion,ourismееmsobea сontroversiаlndemotivessue. t anbringwеalth nаp.oйliy].. йrras сrеatе roblems.hosenvolvedn hе ndustry 'hould ry oеnsufe.thаttseffесts .epЬsitivena r'e ..dаmagetсausesskеpt oa minimum. ]
ta
iilli::::::lX:tila:*;:;l;l*:::
4 Findwordsn the ехtwhiсh ave hе аmеmеaning sthosеn 1_8.1 diff iсu|t iеsr prob|еmshаt rеvеntomеthing
progrеssig2 thе tаtе f bеing uссеssfu|,spесiаl|yinаnсiа||yЗ suppliеshаt аnbеusеd o nсrеаsеeа|th4 thosе ho ind аu|t ith omеthing
5 unwе|сomеisturbаnсе6 fееlingdmirаtionесаusеfgood uа|it iеsr
асhеvеmеnt7 аn mportаntopiс оrdisсussionrargumеnt8 rеsultsr oUtсomеs
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Bоporting tatоmоnts1 Report hеse ta temеntssing hе
сorrесtormof thevеrb nbrасkеts.egin hе sеntеnсеs iththenames ivеn.1 .l 'mnot ntеrеstеdn romаntiс
fiIms.,dmuсh аthеrееWеstеrn.,maket с|еафС|int..
2 . lstaуеd p|аst ight atсhingТV. hаt's hу ,m irеd.,еxp|ain)Mеg ..
3 ,It 'stoо аtеoryou owa|khomе',Il аkе ou n hе аr.,(i sist)Rуаn..
4 .RossandЕmiIy аvеust pIitup. hеy аd tеrrib|еа gumеnt.,tеl|)Moniса..
5 .lfI hаd ееn еtеr еstеrdау,wouId avе old ou.' еxplаin)Diаnе ..
Kopoгting rdaraand r&quоsts
2 Rеwritehesе еportеd rdеrs sdirесt peeсh.,l Тhеwаitressskеdmе not о
smokеn hаt rea f hеrеsta а t.
2 Тhе hopliftеr|еаdеdith hеstorе еtесtivеot o phone hеpoliсе.
3 Тhе еасhеro|d s o sitdownаndоpеn urbooks tpаgе 7.
4 Тhе rаffiс аrdеno|dmеnot o
pаrkmу аr hеrе.5 John rgеdmе obесarеfulwhеn wеnt |imbinghаtwееkеnd.
6 Mуparеntso|dmе o bеquiеtbесausehеbаbуwas leeping.
Kоportingquestioni3 Rеаd hе ntеrviеw ith Paulinе airhurst, ho hasbeеnmаrriеd or 50уеars.
Put hеprеsеntеr'suеstions_f n thе сorreсt rdеrl_6.
a Hоwdidyoumееt?b Hоw ong аvе oubееn iving ith оur usband,i||?с Anddidyou aIl n о vе trаightway?d |fyou ou|dhаngеomеthingbоut im,whatwould t bе?е Andwhаt sуour dviсе o nеw|y-wеds?f Why oyоu hink ourmаrriagеas astеdo ong?
Presеntеr 1
PaulinеPrеsentеrPaulinе
PrеsentеrPaulinе
PresеnterPаuIinе
PrеsеntеrPaulinе
PrеsеntеrPаuIine
WеI|, е'vе ееnmаrriеdor50yеаrs'Тhаt's long imе
lt wаson|y ftеr fеw
Don,t ivе pwhеn ouhavе roblеms.ссеpt асh thеr,s еаknеssеs
Rеmеmbеrhatnoonе's еrfесt
4 Now еport uеstions_f .
lndireсtquo5tion6 ithoutenea hangaо5 Rеwritehеse therquestionsrоm hе ntеrview. sе hе words ivеn.
,l Whаt s hеsесrеt f а suссеssfuIаrriaяе?Iwondеr...
2 Havе ou Vеr ada sеriоusisаgrееmеnt?Сould ou е|lmе '.
3 Howdidyou еsоlvеt?I'd ikе о know ..
4 Doyouhаvе nу egrеts?I wаnt o know ..
5 HowwiIl ou еlеbrаtеоurweddingnnivеrsаryеxt еаr?Doуоuknоw..
6 Is t diff iсuItеingmarriеdor oIong?Соu|dоu еlIme ..
Atа сonсеrtn 1950.was ta azzс|ub ithmу riеnds hеn е
wа|kеdvеr ndаskedmе ora dаnсе.l
Nо, Ithoughmonthsha t
Wе||''d ikеhim o bе idiеr, ut wouldn'thаngеnуthingbout ispеrsonаity'
I hink t'sbесаusе е'vе |waуs ad hаrеdntеrеsts. е'vе оnе |ottogеthеr.6
l thoughtеwаs еry аndsоmе.I rеa|isеdwаs n |ovе.
ф
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ldiоmэ1 Matсh enten(еsl_5to the сommеntshаtmav olIow
themа_e.,| Hаvе ouhеаrd? reg оsbrokеn p with1u|ie.2 Tomwаsеd up withhis ob.3 Robhаsа knасkor ixing omputеrs.4 Wе pеnt ours rеparinghеpiсniс, uIi i l .wоsn,tworth
thеet'fort|5 Rosywasboredwith hеdоilуgrind.
a Shе ouIdn'tаit ogoоn holiday.b Apparent|yе's oing utwith omеonеlsе.с Hеwаntеd сhangе f сarееr.d |,|Iskhim o hеIomеwithminе.
е |n hееnd t rаinеd.2 Nowmatсh he dioms n italiсsn 1 to thеmеanings_е.
а bеborеd r unhappу ith оmеthingb еndа rе|ationshiос a wastе f timеd a rеpeatеdсt ivitуhаt s ir ing r uпintеrеstinge havе hеabiIityrskiIIоdosomеthing
?rоpозitions3 CompIetehe sentenсes ith hе сorrесt rеposition.
" by* in * on * through to
1 Тinаwаs ooking- hoIidаyroсhurеs,hеn erbosswа|kеdn.
2 trаnсеs аsn't еen thе dеа f аking уеаr Ut.Shеwаntеdo indа jоb.
3 l wаs еrу urprisеd Hеlеn'suggеst ion.hadn'tсonsidеrеdоrkingbroаd'
4 Lifе n hе оuntrуsidеsa dreаm omparеd |ifе nthесitу.
5 ln ordеr o suссееd ath|еtiсs,ounееd o trаin еryhard nddеdiсаtеoursе|fo hе port.
6 Susiе есidеdо еnro|-a |аnguagеoursе'hе
wantеdo|еarntaIiаn.7 ТhеrеWas odoubt Pаul,s ind bout hеanswеr.
HеWas onvinсеdеwаs iяht.
Цlords hаt gо |ogoIhor4 сhoosе hе сorrесt ption, , b,or с, to сompIеtehе
sеntеnсеs., l Gai|- hеrbасk na сarееrn mеdiсinеnd tudiеd
b prеsеntеd с mаdе
2 Jаsonmadе (n) dесisionndbоughthеmotorbikе,vеn hough есouIdn'tеа||yffоrdt.а rusn b snap с abrUpt
3 |t 's ftеn еry iff iсu|to a l iving sаnасtor.sа hаvе b do с mаKе
4 Aftеr еIеаsingеr irst ing|e,hеpopStar to amеa Iaunсhеd b roсketеd с tookof f
5 Niсo|а advаntаgеf hеr еаr n Brazi|nd еarntPortuguеsе.a mаdе b took с had
6 N4issinghе rаinWaS - of bad uсk' fon|уwе,dаrrivеdаr|iеr.a strоkе b push с toUсl.l
6xprоьвionь||thm*Ka5 СompIetehе sеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесtormof thеsе
еxprеssions.
u make hаbit f"
makе orn mаkе unof* mаkе асr if iсеsmakе somеonе)аit" mаkе p
1 Thе ingеr hеr аns- fоrovеr nhour еforеshе ppеаrеdn stagе.
2 Assoon s hеаrrivedn tоwn, \4ark thе nеаrеsthotе|.
З You hоuldn't stауingpso аte.t's аd or ourhеа th.
4 Lindаa |ot f to pUrsuесаrееrntе|еvision.
5 PеopIе|waуs Dаvid. е аkеs imsе|fаr oosеriouly.
6 Тinа nd еff аvе-. Thеy avеn'tаnсе|lеdhеwеddingftеr ||.
аrt nstеаd.a tUrnеd
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Rеаd hеpoеmandanswеrhеsеquеstions.. l Whаt it lurе oеshеpoеt аint
of hе о|diеrs'tt itUdеo hеirdutуn vеrsе ?
2 Whу оуou hink hеpoеt ееpsrеpеatinghе rnеs:lntothе
vа||еуf Dеath Rodеhе ixhu d еd.'?
3 Тhеpoеt еfеrsothеbatt|еfiеIdas thеvaI|еуf Dеаth'. hatоthеrmеtаphorsoеs еUSеodеsсriloеt?
4 What oуou hink hеwor|dmight аvе ееnwondеring(whilе Il hеwoildwondеrеd.vеrse )?
5 Ассordingo hеpoеt, hаt
hаppеnеdo hе ixhundrеdsoldiеrs?hу oеs еsuggеstthis аppеnеd?
Your reaсtions
ln
-*'
disсusshеsе uеstions.. Whу oуou hink hiswаs uсh
а popu|аroеm?. HoW uссеssfu||уoуou hink
thеpoеt аs onvеуеdismеssagе?
о How е|еvаnts hismеssagеnowаdays?
о Dоyouhаvе nypoеms ikе hisinуour wn аnguаgе?hiсhonеs? ow о hеу ompаrеwith his nе?
tfrеCfiorgeftfiе igfit srigodеbуяфеd LordTеnnуsoп
BйЬAс ЬAVA. {i)t;t '6 j. Is i l)
d:*o h: tehti,rаceloujffiцiъ{]1;*l[..,
Q)10.6I{аtf o [ещaе, ra[fa [ецuе,9{a[fa fещueaпrllard,
Я[[ in tftе rlа[kу of Deatfifuldе tfiеsiafiшпdrеd,
,forulаrd, tftеLigfrt EngadеСftargеfor fiеgutts , iеsaid.
Into tfrеrlа[[еу f Dеatftfudе tftе ia{tшпdrеd,
,forzuаrl,tfrе igfit Eigаdе ',l,|аstfiсrеа mлп smауed?фt tfroughfiе o[diсrutеш
Somеortеtad6 uпdеrеl,,Ihеirsпot to mлforеp[g,Tfrеis not to rеаsoп u{tу,Т{tеirs ut to doвпddiе,lпto rfrе а[[еу /Dеаtfi
fudе tfrе iцfrundrеd.ffаsftеd аs tfiеgturпed n aiцSa\riпg t{tе umrcтs hеrе,Сfiaт1irtg п armц, llfti[еЯ[[ t|iеzuor[d uondеrеd:
Р[ungеdп tfrе аttеry-smofo\jgfit tЙтougfifrе iпе frеgrofu;
Сossас|аnd ossiап
fuе е тomhе а6rеstrou:S iаt еrе апd undеed,
IТtеrtfrеу odе aсft"шtпot,фt tfrе iцfruпdrеd.
Cаппoпoфfrtof tfrеm.
Саппono [еftof tfrеm,Саппoпсfiiпdfiеm,|ottе
уеdапd Йu dеrе;Stormеd t zuitfrfrot nd {Lеt[
,Wfrifе{torsеnd iеroеt[,IfiеуtfratiаdfoшgfrtЬ,,lе{tСаml firougfrfrеаulsof Dеаtfr,
Eас{fтom frеmюutfrf 9{е[[,Я[{ frat uаs rftof tfiеm,
Lф of siцfrun{rеd.
,I|frепсаn frеir[oryа[е
?О tЙешi[[ сfiаrgеfrщmadеt
Я[[ tЙешorfd uonderеd.9{onoшrfieсhаlgе fiеgmadd
I{oпour frе igfrtEфаlе,
ф6[е sk ftundredt
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Grаmmar1 Rеwritееntеnсеs4 as one sеntеnсe,sing hе hird
сondit ionаI.1 Suе idn,t ivе amiе еrphonе umbеr.аmiе idn't
ohonе еr.|fSuе ..
2 l gоt o hе tatiоnаtе.missеdhе rаin.
3 Wedidn,t еаd hеquеstion. е ot hеаnswеr rong.|fwе...
4 А|еx ppIiеdor he ob.Hegot n ntеrviеw.A|еx ..
2 Сomp|etehewishеs nd rеgrets ith he сorrеd ormofthеverbs n brасkеts., l I didn't in hеmusiс ompеtit ion.spеnt |ot f imе
p|аyingomputerаmеsnsteаdf praсt ising.wish- (win)t. fon|y - (not pеnd)o muсh imеp|аyingomputеramеs.
2 l |еft сhooI hеn wаs 6 yеаrs ld. didn't o ounivеrsitу.wish- (not rop)out f sсhooI.fonlу- (co)o univеrsity.
l Iostmу ottеrytiсkеt.сouldn't|аimhеprizе.fоn|y
- (|osе) y |ottеrуiсkеt wish - (bе blе) oсlaim hеprizеl
|\4ikееrsuаdеdе o stау ut|atе. \4yarеnts еrеangrу ithmе. wish - (not istеn)to4ikе.fon|yl\4ikе'(not pеrsuadе)е ogohоmе о |аtе
I didn't аnt o Iеаrn musiса|nstrumеnthеn wа sуoUngеr.wish - (|еаrn)to|aуhеguitar.fonIy- (deсidе)o studyhеguitar.
Rеwritеhese tatemеntsn rеportedpeесh sing hewords n braсkеts. orе hаnonе answermaybе сorreсt.1 .Whаtl do ssomеtimеsоrinя.,
(J im/аdmit)
2 .Wеwou|d еvеr oanythingishonеst.,(Тhе hiIdrеn/insist)
3 .Whydon,twеgo ora pizla?,(Mariа/suggеst)
4 .Youto|d |iеl '(Bob/aссusе)
5 AсtuаIIy,hispIаy аs еvеr ееn еrformеdеforе.,(Thе сtor/makеt с|еаф
Rеporthe ordеrs |-5using ne of thеse еrbs nd asubjесt f yourown.
* ask* сommand ordеr tе|I urяе
1 .t irе '
2 .Don'tmovеl'3 .Dоn't|еаvеour оom n suсh mеss gain.'4 .Stoptrying o findехсusеs.'5 .HеIrэmеwith his uitсasе.'
Rеwritеhеsе uestionss reportеd uеstionssing nеof thе verbs е|ow nd he subjесt iven.
Фaske еnquirе wаnt o know wоndеr
1 .Whеrеis hе iсkеt ffiсе?'а pесtаtor/аnffiсia|)
2 .Whаtt imе s t?, Susan)3 .HavеyouеVеr ееn еrе еforе?'Теd/N4ronеs)4 ,Whatt imеdоеshе how nd?,|/а rogrammееl|еr)5 .Didyou ее hеshow еstеrdау?'mу riеnd)
Rewritеhesе uestionssing hewords ivеn.1 Аrеуou o|d?'Tе|Iе2 .Hаsthе how inishеd?'wondеr3 .Howmuсh oеs t сost oget n? '
Hаvе ou nу dеа4 .Whatdoеs vеrуbodyеrе o n hеwinter?''d ikе o
findout
5 ' ls tgoingo rain omorrow?'Doуouknow
Уосabulary7 СompIetеhesеntеnсеs ith hе сorrесt ormof thе
words n brасkеts.1 |Q еsts rе Waу f mеаsuringеop|е's
(intе||igеnt).Arе ou blе o (mеmory)е|еphonеumbеrsеаsiIy?
Londоnaxi r ivеrsrе nсrеdib|y (know)about oаdsn hе ity.СIаrеsVеry- (imaginе).hemаkеs p hеmostinсrеdib|еtor iеs.Wеnееdmorе- (inform)bout hеhotе| еforеwе book t.It аkеs |ot f (сonсеntrаtе)o p|аy gamеI keсhеss.Thеsе irесtionsrеVеry (сonfusе).owondеrWеgot ostlSusаnsVеry (think).hе ought еа gift оrmуbirthdаy.
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Сomp|etеhеsentеnсеs ith hе сorrесtormof onе ofthеsеphrasaIerbs'
= akе t outon * takе ftеr - аkе aсk takеn.* аkе n -..аkе o
1 Еmmа еVеr |ifеn hе itу. hе rеfеrrеdIivingn hе ountrу.
2 Whеn hings owrong еss |wауs еVеrуonее|sе.hеwon't dmit t ,s еr ault .
3 Тhе xplorеreсidеd thе hal|еngеndorganisеhеехpеdit iono hеHimalaуas.
4 Brеtt uiсk|у thеаssеmblуnstruсtionsnd еtup hе omputеr.
5 iVoniсаsa vеrу а|еntеd usiсian.hеmusthеrmothеr.
6 Assoon sТim еаlisеdismistаkе,ееvеrythingеhаd aid.
Сhoosеhе bеstWord, , b,or с, o сomplеtehеsе
sentеnсеs.1 WiIIiаmhakеspеarеsa - figurеn Еnglish
IItеratUe.
а bаsiс b kеу с first
2 Shakеspеare,somео nd uliеts a|| bout ovе сrossthе .а diffеrеnсе
3 Whеn omеoirst aw uIiеttwаs ovе t irsta sight b looк с |mprеsslon
4 Usua||уt аkеs omе imе оrpеoplеo ruly inloVе.
а gеt b bесomе с fа||5 Althoughomеoоund thаt uIiеt аs Сapu|еt,
hеst iII аntеdosееhеr.a aftеr b аbout с out
Writing,l0 writеa shortbiogrаphуf KеanuReеves,sing hе
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7rnit a Presеntpеrfeсtandpast imple
PresеntpеrfесtWеusе hеprеsеntеrfесtо а|k bout:
] somеthinghiсh аs r hаsn,t appеned еforеourgеnеrа| xpеriеnсе)'ftеnwithеvеr, еvеr ndbeforе.l- аvеоuеvеrbеrn toNеwYоrk?ilо' I'vе evеr аd Ihеopporlunitу.l,msurеууе аven,tmеt, еforе,
2 somеthinghiсh appеnеdn hеpast ut t i|| аs nеffесtn thеprеsеnt,ftеnwithоlrеаdу,ust, not)еt and
st i l l .ltrаveouаlrевdу inishedуaurсampositiоn?Jасkhtls ustсomebасk romPаris.l hаvеn,tinishеd еоding our еttеr еt.Jаnеstillhвsn't,honеdmе.
З somеthinghiсh sst i|| oing nnoW r sst iI l ruеnоw,oftеnwith/orand inсе.Wеusе/orto dd nformаtionаbout hе еngthf imеand inсe o alk bout hеstart ingoint f hеaсt ion.juliеtоnd |l,4аrkвуеbееn nаrriedor t'ivе еаrs.Аnn,skвd kеrdogsinсе аstМау.N'lleivеd n thisvillаgе |l mу i|е.
4 instеаd f а prеsеntеnsе ftеrwhеn,f anduntilto a|kаbout omеthinghаtmight not) е inishеd oworsoonWhеn ,vе inishеd hisсomу;оsitiоn,е,llga ta thесinеmrl'lf увuhвven,t aoked hе iсkеts'оr hесоnсеrtеt, саndoit or уou.Yоu аn,t оuntilуou,vе'inishedaurdinnеr,
PastsimplеWеusе hеpast impIе:
1 to aIk bout сomp|еtеdсtionn hеpast, ftеnwith
timе еfеrеnсе.11е вng mе two dаys аgo.l didn,tgo to Sсot|аndаstпteеkеnd il wоs oo nоwу.
2 to еII еop|еbout ast Vеntsnd o е|| tor iеs.l wokеup еаrlу, uiсk|у otdrеssеd, аwghttkе rоm ntоtown, nd rnetаt'riепd.
З with hеvеrb obе+sinсеtoа|k bout ow ong t ssinсе omеthnghappеnеd.Нow ong s t/hаs t been inсеуouwеnt wimming?lt is/ hвs bеenаgеs inсе wentor о swim.
Presеntperfесt implе and presеntpеrfeсtсontinшoUsWеusеboth hеprеsеnt еrfесt nd hеprеsеnt еrfесtсontinuousorаn aсt ion hiсh еgаnn hеpast utwhiсhhаsprеSеntonsеqеnсеs.
Wеusе hеprеsеnt еrfесl:
1 to еmphаsisеhаt n aсtionsсomp|еtеd.l,vеwаshеd hесаr' t looksniсеаndс еаn оw.
2 to sаy owmany imеs omеthingаshappеnеd.Тhеy,vе isitеdus 'our irnеs hisуеоr.
Wеusе hеprеsentеrfесtontinuous:
1 to еmphasisеhеaсt iontsе|f, hiсhmау r maуnоt t i||bеgoing n n hеprеSеnt.
|Wу lothеs rе wеtbесgusе,vеbeеnwаshing hесаr.
2 to еmphаsisеhе engthf imе hat n nсomp|еtесt ionhas astеd.l,vebeеn tudуing ng|ish'or woуеars.
З to aIk bоut сtionshаthаvе ееn еoеatеdvеrpеriod f imеup o hеprеsеnt.Wе,ve еengoing o thе еnnis lub or уеаrs.
4 For tеmporarусt ion rsituаt ion.
Тhеу,veeеn вrryingaut tеsts п thе еlеphоnrуstеm.
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1 A gеrund, prеsеnt аrtiсip|еndаn аdjесt ivеnding
in-iлg oоk hе аmе utwеusе hеmdiffеrеnt|у.А Wolkingsgood 'or oи. gеrund/noun)B Wewеnt n а skiingholidау. аdjесtivе)С Wе аt n thеpubeаting оmburgеrs.prеsеntаrtiсip|е)
2 Wе аnusе hе nfinit iv еnа сontinuous'еr{есt.ndpаssivеorm.to luу tо bе bоught tо bсbuуiпgta hоvсbоugh tо hоу,е еепbou1hi |о hсlvt'bесгtluling
lttеnaw> ерОrl аn bеJound оrl hс,, tl сrпе 'Thе riпtirtа s sсlid o bе оrriving itt tе IK tоdауНе s sаiсl a hаve bееn tiving аbrоаrJ.Не s thuught о hаvеbеen аrrеstеdуеstсrdоу'
7rnit3 нabits
Presenthablts
1 Wеusе hеprеsеntimp|еo аIk bout rеsеntсt iоns rstаtеsngеnеrаl,ftеnwith n аdvеrb f rеquеnсу.I usuвllygo trз сhaоlbуtrаin
2 Wеusе hеprеsеntontinuоus аlwауs, ontinuо |уndforеvеrIoа|k bout сtionshat rеаnnоуingn hep еsеnt.Муbrоthеf tllwауs ornplвiningbout amеLhtng,
З Wеusеwi||o аlk bout еhaviourhаt s ypiсaIfаpеrson.
5hе ееs еr riеnds l 1ауltsсhооl lпd hеn hе,tl |lвnсthсtn n tkееvеning'
Past habits
] Wеusе hеpast imp|еo а|k bout аst сt ions rstatеs,oftеnwith n аdvеrb f rеquеnсу.
Whеn wаs it-t|е'usuаllузмеn{,a the ibrarувп5rlturdауs.2 Wесan usewould ndusеd o+ infinitive ithout o o
tа|k bout еpеаtеdаst сt ions.BеJоrесculd lrivе, usеd rз/з'ltоufdrвvеlеvсrу'уhg{gуbus.
NoteWе аnа|so sе sеd o,butnotwould,o а|k bout aststаtеS.l hеуusrdta ivс tз rrsnсе.l dir}n,t sе 'вhr;vе lуlоtоrbikе.
3 Wе аnusе hеpаst ontinuousith lwауso аIk bout
аnnoying аbitsn hеpаst.l rсmеmhеrhrз|,е wаs lwауs *lking п с аsз.
1 Many еrbs rеnotused n hе ontinuousorm.
. bе|iеvе. е|ong. оnsist. еpеnd.hаtе. know. |ikе. |ovе.mеаn. nееd. prеfеr. еa|isе
. rеmеmbеr sееm SUpposеundеrstandWаnt2 Somе еrbs аnbе usеd n сontinuousеnsеs i lhа
diffеrеnt еаning' .g. ее' hink, ееl, аvе.
arnit Е Relative nd nounсlauses
Defi ing rеlativеGlauses
UseDеfiningе|at ivе|аusеsivе sеssentiа|nformаtion.hеуdеfinеhеpеrson r hingWе rе aIkingbout. hеy suаIIydirесt|уo|lowhеnoun hаtWе rеdеfining.l|i|r obеrtss thеwltlnwhв еlеphonedwе еstеrdву.Тhiss thеbооk fltхt еter аvеwзe'вrmу birthdву.
Pronounsused n dеfining elativе lausesWеusе hе rе|ativеronouns ho,whiсh,hоtor whosе.,] Wеusеwhoor thаt orpеoplе.
Тhis s thеmrlпvуlra thвtdеsignеdhе erор|аnе.
2 Wеusеwhiсh r thоtfor hings.ls this hе еttеrwkiсlэ thвtсrsrnееstсrdау?
З Wеusеwhosе|oау hаt оmеthingеIongsoSomеonеor somеthing.t smorе ommon|ysеd orpеop|е.Тlзiss thе tоl,whвsе'llmwas N oхоffiсе it,Тhе i пl ,ryhasеit|с .tlяsопс ,vithhе WincbесrзrnееrуJr;mоus.
4 Wе an еаvеhе e|аtivеronoUnut f t rеfеrso hеobjесt f hе е|аt ivе|аusеutWе annot еаvеtoutwhеn t rеfеrso hе ubjесt f hе е|аt ivеIausе.Тhе iсkеtstlзаt) еhооkеdоr thесcnсеrtw€€ Уеrу
ехреt,|sIvеТhе tсtrs hовpреаrеdrl thе ilm wеrе'lеrу'вmоu's"
Non.dеfi ing relativeсlausеs
UsеNon-dеfiningе|аt ivеlаusеso notdеfinеhеnoun. hеygivе sеxtrаnformаtion.otе hаtwеUsе ommаs ithnon-dеtl ng еIаt ivеlа sеь.ТhеPrimеh4ilзistеr,hо s|еtlvlпgОr.uОt{Оw:rt h4irld есtsttоur, nrlr']сstatсmеnthism{]rпiпя.
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Pronouns n non-dеfining elative lausеsWеdo notuse hоt n non-dеfiningе|аt ivеlausеsndwесаnnotеаvе ut hе е|аt ivеronoun.
Тhеilm,whiсhulаsmаdе n Sсotlаnd, аs bееn boхot'fiсе5uсСеss.
Тhе iIm,у'lhosе irесtorуtlas tеven piеlbеrg, аs mоdеmi lionsof dol аrs.
NounсlausеsWе аnusenoun Iаusеs:
1 as hе ubjесt f a sеntеnсе.Whаt ouаrеsuggеstingeеms good dео,
2 as hеobjесt f а sеntеnсе.Idon,t nowwhоt ouоrе а|king bout.
З aftеrndirесtuеstions.nan ndirесt uеstion,hеsubjесt |waуsomеs еforеhеvеrb n hе есond аrt f
thе еntеnсе.Саnуau еllmеhowhe is?
Quеstion ords uсhasНow?Whеn? ndWhеrе?rеusеdin bоth irесt nd ndirесt uеstions.Whаt s thе inе?(dirесt)Саnуou еlImеwhаt hе imе s? indirесt)
|f hеrе s noquеstion ord, е usе .Наs hеаrrivеd еt? dirесI)Dоyouknow f shеhаsаrrivеdеf7 indirесt)
Tlnit 5 Narrative enses
Pastsimрle and pastcontinuousWeusе hе imp|е astwith hеpast ontinuouso dеsсr ibеan aсtionhаtwаs n progrеsshеn nothеr сtion appеnеdor.intеrruоtеd' it .
WеwеrehаvingаnЕng|ishеssonwhеn hе ightswentof|.
l wаs istеning o о СDwhеnPetеr rrivеd.
Pastpеrfeсt implе and сontinuousWеusеboth hеpast еrfесtnd hеpаst еrfесtontinuousto аlkаbоut nасt ion hiсh аppеnеd еforе nothеr сt ionin thеpаst.Howеvеr, еusе hepаstpеrfесtora сomplеtеdaсtion nd o еmohаsisеts еsuIt.
l wаs ngrу есаusеomеОnеаdstolеnmурurSе.Wеusе hеpast еrfесtontinuousorаn асtionhаthappеnеdvеr pеriod f imе, nd о еmphаsisеhеасt iоngoing n.
I wаsаmаzеd hоthе hаd been tеalingromthесompоnуor solonя.
NotеWеdo notusuа||ysе hеpаst еrfесtontinuouso а|kаbout tаtеs.
PrеsentperfcсtсontinuousWеusе hеprеsеnt еrfесtоntinuous:
1 to а|k bout n aсtion hiсh аsbееn oing n or omеtimeandwhiсh sst iI l oing n.Pоulhаs bееnogging ound hepоrksinсе еvеn ,сloсkhismorning.
2 for inishеd сt ions hiсh аvе rеsu|tn thеprеsеnt.Wе,veееn iving n thесitу or аbout 'ivе еоrsnow.Му hаir s wetbесаusе,vеbееn wimming'
З forасt ionshathavе ееn еpeаtеdvеr pеriod f imеup o hеprеsеnt.
Тhеу,veeengoingtothе еnnis lub 'orаgеs.
AdverbсlausеsWе аnusеаdvеrb Iausеsoеxorеss:
] rеаsonl borrowеdomеmonеу ecаusе sinсe аs wаnted o stortupmу ovtnbusinеss,
2 t imеWhilе Whеnwe werеon holidау,wеmеtоn old 'riеnd,
З сo d t iolf we саngеttiсkеts,wе,lI oto thесonсеrt.
4 pUrposеl joinеda sрorts |ub o thаt I сauld mаkе riеnds.
5 rеsu tТhеtightwas o eхpеnsivеhаt уle dесided o trоуеlbу train.
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TfniX ll Past modals
Pastmodals nd mеaningWе anusеoastmodalso аIk bout:
1 possibi l ity
lt might mоуhауеbееn ourpаrеnts,цhoеnt hе 'lowеrs.
2 |ogiса|еxp|anation|tсаn'thауеbееnlаriо уцhohonеd.|lе,sn ha|idау.lt musthаvеbееn аrаh. hе оid hеwоs oing agеt ntouсh.
З obIigаt ionl ought o/ shouldhаvе
inishеdLlis ompositiоnаstnight.
4 |aсk f nесеssitУWеneedn,t аvegotup so еаr|у.
5 a oаst onditionIwouldhаvе 'inishеdhе ampositiоnf I lаd hаd imе.
7rnit7 Passive'Gausative ауeandgеt
Passivе
FormТomаkе n асtivееntеnсеassivе,е nееd o makе hrеесnа gеs:
А mаkе hеobjесt f thеvеrb hеsubjесt f thеpаssivеsе tеnсе.
B usе hеsаmе еnsе f thеvеrb o bе and hеoastpаrt iсip|еf thеaсt ive еrb.
Thесitу hаs аttrосted isitors'rom l ovеr hewoild. асtivе)Visitors аvebeеnоttrасtеd o thесitу romаll ovеr hеwoild. pass:e)
С Whеn s t nесеssаryo sаywhoor what id hеасt ion,wе nееd o makе hеsub1есtf thеvеrb hеаgеnt f thеpаssivееntеnсе у using y.
Poliсeсаught hе thiеf thismorning. асtivе)Thе hiеf wаsсаughtbypoliсеthisпorning.(pаssivе)
UseWеusе hеoаssivеorm:
.,]whеnwеdо notknowwhodid hеасt ion.ТhеBвуof Islаnds уаs isitedоsеаrlуоs thе enthСеnturу.
2 whеnWе rеnоt ntеrеstedn whodid hеaсt ion r t snot rnоortanthodid t.Тhе slаndvilаs isсovеrеdn 17B9.
Ifwеwant o sаywhoorwhat id hеасt ion, еusе y+pеrson rthing.
Тrсtdе вsbuilt up witl l nеighbaurings|оnds у the oссlfishеrmеn.
Passive orms with thе gеrundand the infinitiveWе аnusеpаssivеorms ftеr еrbs hiсh rе o||owеdуthеgеrund 'p134):
l rеmеmbеreing hawn hеmаin sightsJ ondon.
аndаftеr еrbs hiсh rе oIIowеdу hе nfinit ivеlp135):
Pеоplе хpесto tзе аken еriоuslу hеn hеу а|kаbоut hеirpr0blеms.
Wе anа|so sеpаssivееru ds ftеr omе rеpositions'plЗa)Jасkwаs еdup 'uith еing sеnt n busiуlеssriрsеvеrуwееkепd'
Causativehаveandget
FormWе orm hесausаtivе sing оvе rgеt+ objесt+ pаstpart iсip|еf hе еrb.
. Whеn idуоug,еt ourhвir сut?' l hвtl t сutуеstеrdоу.. Whу idуouhауeсеntrвlheаting nstвlled?
. Wеgat t instаlledbесtlusеhеhousеwаs rееzing old nтцlitеr.
UsеWе аnuse а vе rgеtin hесаusаtivеtruсturе.ef smoreinformа|han аvе.Wеusе hесаusаtivеhеnwеаrе а|kingаbout omеthing еаsk, е|l r pау оmеbody|sеodo orus.
Wеhаvehвrl а new саrpеt аid'
Ihаd he аr wаshеdhismortting'
In hесausative,еtandhаvе an omеtimesаvе nеgаtivеmеaning.toxpеriеnсе,usuaIlyomеthingnp|еasаnt).
Igot hаd mу hоusе rakеn nto аstnight. |'Ауousеwasbrokеnnto.)
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Tfnit I waysof talkingaboutthе futurе
going toWесаn usegoing o:
1 to aIk bout ur ntеnt ions.lngrid ауs hе,s aingo tоkеup swimming.
2 to mаkе rеdiсt ionsasеd nwhаtwесаn ее.Lоak t thаtbсаutiful unshinеt,sgoingo beа niсе trву.
Present ontinuousWе аnusе hеprеsеntontinuouso а|k bout dеfinitеarrangеmеntor hе uturе.I,m kвving rln ntеrviеw О{norrОw.Wе,re вingoutwith riеnds onig|lt.
Prеsent implеWе аnusе hе imp|е rеsеnto aIk bout vents tаdеfinitеimе n hе uturеoftеnimеtаblеdvеnts).
Sсhoо| tаrtsnехtМоndау.
Тhе onсеrt еgins t 7"Зa.
Тhе rrlin еаltеs t 16.0З,
Futuresimple(will)Wе usеwil/:
] to mаkе prеdiсt ion.Тhепumbеr f саrson thе oаdswill inсrеаsе вpidlу n thеnехtivеуеаrs,
2 to mаkе rеqUеst.Willуоup|еrlsеatlndgеtmеа diсtianаrуrоrn hе ibrrlrу?
З to mаkе n nstant есision.|,llgo вndgеtus ln сесrеrlm
4 to mаkе promisе.
l,ll buууоuвnоthеr atсh С}ер асеhеanе ou,vеost"
5 to еxprеssеtеrmination.
Wеwan't' еt rl itt|е rob еmikе hisspоilottrhaIidоу
FutureсontinuousWеusе hе uturе ontinuouso еmphаsisеhе еngth f аnасtion ta сеrtаinimе n hе uturе.past ) prеsеnt -J 2010 ) 201
spасе tаtion spасе Lаtionstаrtеd finishеd
ln 2012 hеуwill bе building hеnеw расе tgtiоn.
Futurеperfeсt impIеWеusе hе uturе еrfесto аlk bout nасtion r еvеntwhiсhwi|| еovеr еforе сеrtаinimе n hе uturе.past --+ prеsеnt -э 2010 ) 201
spaсе tatlon spaсе tatlonSta tеd fin shеd
Тhеуwill lзаvеinishrd thеnеwspасе tоtion у2a15'
FutureperfcctсontinuousWеusе hе uturе еrfесtontinuouso sауhow ong nасtion rеvеnt i|| аvе ontinuеdorbya сеrtаinimе,oftеnwith or .past --+ prеsеnt ) 2010 ) 201
spасе tоtion spасе tаtionstаrtеd t'inishеd
Bу2a12 tlеуwil| hаvеbееnbuilding |lе pосе tоtionor twoуеaS.
arnit 9 Тhirdсonditional, ishesand regrеts
Third(onditional
FormWе orm hе hird ondit ionаIsing + past еrfесt, would/ wouldn,t hаvе+ pаstpаrtiсip|е.
lf уouhadgivеn nе aurрharlе umbеr, wauldhаvесоIled ou
lf l,dsеt mу в|сlrm |aсkаstnight, ltуouldn,t аvеaverslept.Wесаnа|so sе ould аvе r might аvе+ past artiсiplе.
$ уouhвd told mеуouwеrеаtе, сould hаvegivеnуouа lit't.
tf Маrkhаdn,t' еen o rudе, mighthвvе 'orgivеn im.
UseWеusе hе hird ondit iоnа|o mаginе ow hingsmighthаvе ееn iffеrеntn hеoast.
lf l hаdn,tbееrl a tirеd, wоuldn,thвve вllеn аslеepоn thеbus.(But wаs irеd, nd did a|| s|ееp.)lf Pаulhаdtоldmеаbau{ hеpоrtу,'d hаve onе o it.(But аul idn't е||mе'аnd didn,t o.)
Wishes nd regrеtsWесаnеXprеss ishеs nd rеgrеtsbout hеpаstusingwlshor wished pаstpеrfесt.hеwishWееXprеsss hеoppositеofwhаt еа||yаppеnеd.
lwisll l'dbееn ornа hundrеdеarSago.Youwеrеn't ornаhundrеdеars go.)
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Pаu аwishеsshehвdn,tsplitupwithhеrbaуt 'r iеnd.Butshеdid 2 |f hеreport ingvеrbisinthеprеsеnttеnSе,wеdonotspIit pWith im.) сhangеhе оrmof hе еnsеn hе еportеdtatеmеnt.
Dаvidwished е hаdn,t rguеd уith isрarеntso muсh. Buthе ,l,vеbaught mobi|е hоnе,'оуsЕl|о.didаrguеWith hеm lot.) Еllа ауs |lе,s ouglзt mоbilеhoпе.
Wесаnаlsoехprеssеgrеtsbout hеpаstwith f onlу+ pаstpеrfесt. Reporting rdеrsand requestslf onlу hаdсаllеd im (BuIdidn't al| im.) Wеusе el/+ infinitivеo rеport rdеrs' ndаsk+ infinitivеo
tf only оmes аd еmrmbеrеd уbirthdау (Butеdidn't rеporТеquеsIS.
rеmеmbert'),Staрtсtlking,,tlid kе еосhеr.
Т зееасherоld us to stop о|king.,Соn
уauраss hеsrl|t,|евsе?,еsаid,Unit 7o Reported speесh Не tskеdе f t соuldвsshе а t.
Reported pеech Reporting uеstionsWеusе rеportingеrb o rеport irесt pеесh. еaIso ееd Whеnwe rеport uеstions, е:to сhangе:A pronouns,.g. bесоmesе shе. ] do notusе hеvеrb n hеquеstionorm n hе ndirесt
B tеnsеs,.g. quеstion.
simpIе rеsеnt, implе аsт,Whеndidуauаrrivе rlLоndan?,Siшaпskеd еtrв.
prеsеntontlnuouspаst ontlnuous Simоn skеd etrо уhеnhеhвdarrivеdn Lоndan.
wi|l wоu|d;вn сould;mау might 2 Usеf or whеtherf thеrе s noquеstion ord n thеdirесtprеSеntеrfесtсontinuous)pаst еrfесtсontinuous) quеstion.
simp|еpаst pаstpеrfесt,Аrе
уoustвying еrе ong?,imon skеd еtrа.
Simanвskеd еtrа f / whеt,hеrhеwrls tауing hеrе ong.NotePastmodа|s o nоt hаngеhеir ast orm n rеpоrtеdpеесh. lndireсt questions without tense сhanges,lwauld ovеoknaw hе nswеr,,аid аllу' Indirесtuеstions ithout еnsе hаngеs rеknоwn sSа|lу аid hе tlouldovе оkпow hе nswеr. еmbеddеd uеstions.hеsе rеdirесt uеstions hiсh o||ow'You hould ауe old lеаbоut hеprab еm ith hе аr,, rlid im. аnothеr еntеnсe pеnеr, .g. want o know, wondеr, 1с.
jim sсtidshould avе old iшаbоut he roblеm ith hе аr' Wеdo notсhаngе hе еnsе f thеdirесt uеstion utwе doТhеpast еrfесtontinuousoеs оt hаngеn rеportесl сhаngеhеword rdеr.spеесh. .Аrе
уauhuлgrу?,wаnt oknow f уоu,rе ungrу.
l fеlt tirеdon h4ondоу есаusеhаd bееn rвvеlling I|dву, ,Аrеthесhitсlrеnirеd?' luоndеrt' thесhildrеn rе irеd.S|tе аid hаt hеhаd
еltirеd n h4ondоуесоusеhе lвdbееn ,Whаt
timе s t?,Сou r1оtl с nеwhаt inе t is?trаvеlling |ldоу.
С wordsсonnесtеd ith hе prеsеnt, .g.,|sdinnеr еаdу еt?,Doуouknоvvf tlinnеrs rеаdу еt?
nоw thеn; еrе thеrе;his thоt; hеsе thоsе
Reporting tatеmеnts
1 Thеre rеmanу iffеrеntеportingеrbsn Еng|ishutwеoftеnusе ауor tеll, omеtimеsoIIowеdу hаt, o rеportdirесt tаtеmеnts.,I'vеbought mabi|е lhоnе,,аidЕllа.Е lа aid{thвt)hе'dbоughtо mobilе hanе"
'l don,t nоw оl,уt l,uorks,'l|а оid o Mаrk.Еllа told Mаrk (thаt) hеdidn,t knaw how t wot,kеd.
Notefel/ s а|wауs o||owеd y an objесt
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Note:Definit ionsakеn rom he oХfordWordpower iсt ionaryor еаrnеrsf Eng|ishfirst dit ion oxfordUniversityress, 000.Тhird dit ion SBN 7B0 19 4з9924 .
rr a. I
UNIT -I
Nounsagenсy .еrd3эnsi/ С] businesshаtprovidеspartiсuIarеrviсe: modе|linggеnсу
aIbum albэm/ [с] book n whiсh ouсапkееp5tаmps,hotogrаphs,tс hаt ou hаvе o||eсted
appeaI э'pi: l/ U] quа|ityhаtmаkes b/sthattrасtive r ntеrеsting
appearanсe э.рlэrэns/ С] hе Wау hаtsb/sth ooks0r seеms erb: ppеаr
armadilIo с:mэ'drlэo/ С] n Ameriсаn nimа|withа hаrd hе||,hаt аts nsесts nd rol|sntoаbа||f sthаttасkst
armour с:mэ/ U] lothing,ftеnmаdе f mеtа|,thаt oldiers ore n hе pаst o protесthеmsеlvеs
attraсtion э'trzеkJn/ fее| ing f I ik ing b/sth сrb:аITгасI
brand name /'brеnd пеrm/ С] hе nаmegivеn o аproduсt y heсompаnyhаtproduсеst
сamouflage 'kamэflo:3/ U] hewау n whiсh nаnimаl's oIour r shapеmаtсhеsts urroundingsаnd mаkes t diffiсUIto see.. hepo|аrbeаf whitе
fur providesсаmout'lаgе gаiпst thе ;now.сareer /kэ.rrэ/ С] thе series f obs hatsb hаs n а
pаrtiсu|аrreаof work: аrаh s сonsidеringсаreеr n enginеепng.2hе рeriodof your ifе hаtyou pendworking
сoаt /kэot/ [с] he ur' hаir, tс, hаt сovеrs nаnima|'s ody
сommerсe 'kоmз:s/ U] hе businеssf buying ndselI inghings djесtivе.ommerсiаl
сontraсt 'kDntlаеkt/ С] Writtеnegа| grеemеЛt
vегb: oЛtrасtkэn trаеkt/сosmetiсsurgery koz'metrk 'sз:d3эri/ U]mеdiса|trеаtmеnthаt s ntеndedo mprove pеrson's
appeааnсeсraftsman 'krс:ftsmэn/ [С] pеrsonwho mаkеs
things kiIfu||y,spесia||уith is/hеr аndsсu|ture ,k,tltJa/ С] hе сustoms,dеаs, eIiеfs, tс.
Ofа pаrt iсU|аr0сiеtу,oUntry,tс .diversitу darvз:seti i С, suа||уing,] wide
varietу f sthdoсumentarу 'dokjumеntri/ [С] fi|mor te|evision
or rаdio гogrammеhаtgivеsасts r nformаtionаbout раrt iсu|аrubjeсt
fashion/.fвJn/ [с] hе sty|е f drеssing r bеhаviпgthаt s hе most opU|аrt a рart iсu|аrim e
fashion show/'fаeJn эо/ [С] n oссаsioп hеrе
реop|еаn ееnеwdesigns f с|othes eingwornbу ashionmode|s
feathеr /'fебэ/ С] ne of the ight, oft hings hаtgrow n а bird's kin nd сovеrts bodу
fur /fз:/ U] he soft hiсkhаir hаt overshe bodiesof some nimа|s
hedgehog 'hеd3hоg/ с] smа|l rown uropеanаnimа|With hаrp hingsikеnееdIesspiпсs)
сovеringts bасkimage 'rmrd3/ [с,U] hеgenerа|mpressionhatа
person r orgаnizаtionivеso thеpub|iс [с]mentа| iсturehаt ou hаvе f whаt b/nh s ikeor |ooks ike 3 [С] сopyof sb/sth n thе ormof аpiсture r stаtuе
imperfeсtion Impэ'fеkJn/ с]а fаu|tor wеaknеssin sb/sth djесtivе:mperfесt
impression m preJn/[С] ап mpгеssion f s|эЬth)аn dеa, fееl ing r аn opinion hаt ougеtаboutsb/sth, r thаt5b/sth ives ou
influenсe/ rnfluэns/ U] hе effeсt hаtsb/sth аson hewауа personhinks r bеhаvesr on theWаy hаt thworkь r detе|ops
inspirat ion Inspэ'теr.[n/С,U] fеeIing,erson rthing hatmаkes ouWаnt 0 do sth0r givеs ouеХсit in8еW dеаs
invisibiIityhn vrzэ bIlоti/ U] hе асt0r stаtе fbеing nаbiе o bе sееnwith hе humаn yе
look /1оk/ С] fаshioп r sIу|е: he hop hоs а nеwlook to аppеаl to уoungеrсustomеr'.
modеI 'mndl/ С] person hosеob s o wеаr ndshownew tуlеs f с|othesnd be photogrаphedWеarlпghе m
modeIIing .mоdэlrц/U] hеwork f а fаshionmodеl
outIinе aс.itlaтn/С] dеsсription f the mostimportаntасts r dеаs bout th
peaсoсk .pi:kok/ С] lаrgе irdwithbеаutifu|on gbIuе ndgreenаiI eаthеrshаt t саn ift p аndspreаd ut
photograph Гаоtэgrо:f/ С] piсture hаt s tаkenWith саmеrа djeсtivе:hotogГаph
/ fэсitэ.grаеГrk/рhoto-storу ГэUtэustэ:ril С] story 0Id hrough
photogrаhspIot plot/ [С] еriеs f eVеntsWhiсh orm hе story
of а novе|' i|m,еtс:Тhеplау hаd а vеrуwеаkplot.
predator prеdэtэ/ С] n аnimа| hаtkiIIs nd еаtsothеr nimа|s
preу /prеI/ U, ing.] n аnimа|, bird, tс. hаt shunted, i lIed nd eаten уаnothеr
rеpresentation 'rеprIzеn.tеIJn/С] he wаy hаtsb/sthsshown r dеsсribеd;omеthinghat hows0r desсribеsth
safеty sеIfti/ u] hе stаtе f being afе;not bеingdangerousr n dаngеr
speсies 'spi:Ji:z/С] group f p|аnts r аnimа|sthаt rеа| l hе sаme nd hat anhаvе аbies(brееd)ogether
spine sparn/ С] nе of thеshаrp oints ikе ееdlеsfound n somеp|аnts nd аnimа|s
stiсk inseсt/ stlk Insеkt/ С] |argensесtWithаIong hinbody hаt ooks ikе st iсk
storуboard ,stэ:ribэ:d/ С] sеriеs f drаwings rpiсturеshat how hеout| inе fa story
stripe /stlarp/ С] |oпg аrrow inеof сolоursurvivaI sа.vaIvl/U] hе tаtе f сontinuingo Iivе
or еХist, ftеn еspitе iff iсuItyr dangervarietу /vэ'тarэti/ С] numbеrof diffеrеnt ypеs f
thеSame hing еrb: агу
VеrbsappеaI э,pi:l/ арpеа|o slr) o attraсt r ntеrest bassign э saln/togive th o sb, 0 givе b а
pаrt iсU|аr0b o do nouГl: ssignn]еntassoсiate э'sоUJiеIt/ 0 mаkеа сonnесtion etween
peop|е r hingsn yourmindattraсt/э'tr@kt/ o саuse b/sth o go o sthor givе
attеntiOn0 st hсrеate kгi.elt/ o саUse th nеW o hаppen r еXi5t
аd]есtiVe:rеаtiVedevelop/dт,vеlэp/o mаkepiсtUrеs r леgаtivеs
fromа рiесе f i|mby using pесia|hеmiсaIsevoIve i'volv/ to dеveIop r to make th devе|op
grаduаlIy,romа simp|еo а more dvалсеdor mhidе/haтd/ o gosomewherеhеrе ou hopе ou
wiIlnotbe sееn r ound
iIIustrate Ilэstеlt/o еХp|аin r mаke th с|eаr уusing xаmp1еs,iсtUresr diаgrаmsinvent /rn vеnt/ to sаyor desсribе th hat s not
trUеpуoteсt plэ'tеkt/ to kееp b/sth afе rom dаnger,
to dеfеnd b/sth
provide/prо'vald/ o givе th o sb or mаkе thаvailаb|еor sb o use; o offеr th
reaсt/ri.аekt/ o do or sау5thbeсаUse f sth hаt hаs
hаppеned r been'аid |oU||:р4( iO lrepresеnt rеplr'Zеnt/ o dеsсribе b/sth n а
pаrt|сU|аrауsatisfy 's:etIsГar/o mаkе b p|еаsеd y doingor
giving im/her hаthе/sheWants oUп:5аtrsfсtioП 'slэtIs'fеkJn/
skеtсh SkеtJ/а hortdеsсription ithout ny detai|s:l sat on thegrаssаnd sketсhed he саstle.
survive sэ'varv/ 0 сontinUеo Iivе r еxistn orаftеr diff iсult r dаngеroUsituаtion
symbolise 'sImbэlaIz/ o reprеsentth
Adjесtivеsamatеur zеmэtэI/ one, r doing th, 0rp|еаsUre
(not or money s а job)
attraсtive э'tтiЕktrv/ hаtp|еasеsr ntеrеstsou;thаt ou i| 'e pU{).i '(, 'trа|аr it ebIurred blз:d/ otсlеаr;WithoUt с|еаr ut| inеbroader 'brэ:dэ/without |ot f dеtаi|;enerа|сIеar k1тэ/а5y o 5ее r hеar ppositе:nсеа rсIose.up'klэus p/ аt or romа vеrу hort istаnсе
to sb/sth(ommon 'kоmэn/hаppeningftеn; х ist ingn
|аrge umbеrь r n mаnуp|аrеьonоti|с,Unс0mnlon
сompliсatеd 'komphkeItId/d ffi u t o understаndor deа|with:о novеlwithа vеrу ompliсаtеd lot.
сountIess kar'intlэs/ еrymаnydesignеr dт'zarnэ/ аdeby а fаmous еsignеr;
еxpеnsivend hаving fаmous rаnd аmеdetailed ,di:tеrld/ iv ingnformаtionboUt
individuа|асts r tеmsessentiaI I'sеn.[l/omplеte|уeсеssаrу;hаtyou
musthаvе r do 0рpо5itс:| lеsseIlt|а|expensive Ik spеnsIv/ osting |otof monеy
сlрlpоsitе:nехpеnsivе,hеаpfake /Гетk/mаdе o look Iike th e|se: aсkеt n
fаkе Jurglamorous 'glеmэrэs/ еspeсiа|lyttrасtiVend
exсit ing,nd diffеrеntromordinаrуhings rpеop|е
heIpful 'hеlpfl/giv ing e| pheIpless'hеlplэs/ nаb|еo tаkе аre f уoursеif r
do hings ithout he hе|p f othеr еop|еIega| .I i:gI/sing r сonnесtеd ith hе аW
oppоsitе.|еgа|mature mэ,tJoэ;mэ'tjoэ/1 fu||y rown r u||у
dеvе|opеd behаvingn а sеnsible du|twа yoрpos е: nlmаtUrе
muItiсuIturaI.mdti 'kdtJorэl/ oror nсludingpеopIe f mаny iffеrentасеs,angUagеs,е| igion5аnd trаditions:We ive n а multiсulturаl oсietу.
natural 'netJrэl/ |eхist ingn nаturе; otmаdеorсаusеd y hUmаn5 nоrma|; syouWoUId xpесt
orgаnised c:genalzdl nvoIvingаrgе umbers fpeoр|е hoWork ogethero do sth n а wаy hа thаsbееn аrеfu||y|аnnеd ppostе: isorgапisеd
peaсeful 'p i:sf l/ otwanting r nvo|vingаr ,v|0|еnсеr аrgument
responsibIerr spоnsэbl/ aviПghе ob or duty fdеа|ing ith b/sth' o hаt t s your аu|t f sthgoеs ,vrongppOsrtе:геsponsibJе
spiky 'sparki/ аving hаrp ointssuссessfuIsэk'sеsfl/hаving сhievedWhаt ouwanted; аviпg есomе opu|аr,iсh, tс .oрpоstе: nsuссеssfuI
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traditionaI trэ'dIJаnl/ еingpаrtof thе bеliefs,сustoms r Way f ifeof а pаrt iсu|аrroup fpеop|е,hathаveЛot hangеdorа long imе
tуpiсaI 'tщrkl/hаving r showinghе usuа| ualit iеs
of а part iсu|аrеrson,hing г ypеwonderfuI 'wдndэfl/extremеIуood; аntastiсworthless .wз:0lэs/ аving o vа|uе r us e
Adverbs
personaIIy 'pз:sэnэli/usеd o show hаtyouаreеxprеssingourownopinion
Phrasal Vеrbsсar]yon (цith |hdoing Ih t0 (onLinUe
drop out (ofsth) o |еаvе r stopdoing th bеfore
уouhavе inishеdfaIl/getbehind (with th) o fаiI o pауor do sthаt
thе right imе: 1е's аlIеnbehindwithhis sсhoo|work аgоin.
faIIover o suddеn|уtop tаnding nddrop o hеgrou d
gеt ahеad (of b) o makeprogrеssfuгthеrhanothershаvеdone): e soongotаhеadof theothеr' in his сlаss.
goon
(аboutb/sth)o
talkаbout b/sthorа |ongtimе n а boring r аnnoуingwaу..hewеnt n
аnd on аbout thеpeoplеshe workswith.go out (Withb) o spend imе egu|аrlyith b,
hаving romаntiс nd/or еxuаl е|аtionship:s
Fionа goingout with onуonе?Iivе up to sth to bе asgoodаs eхpeсIed..hildrеn
somеtimеs 'ind t hаrd to livе up to thеir parеnts'
ехpесtations.relate to sb/sth o bе аble o Undеrstаndnd hаvе
sуmpаthyWith b/sthsend sth out to produсе th, uсh s Iight, s ignа|,
sound tс.stаnd for sth to bе аn abbreviаtionr symboIor sthstandout to bеeаsi|у ееn r notiсed
ldiomshave/pIay part ( in th) o bе nvoIvеdn sth: hе
pIaysn aсtivе аrt n oсaI oIit iсs.
ar Or-UNIT Z
Nounsattitude l'rrтtju:dl [С] hе way hаtyou hink, eе|
0r DеnаvесeIеbration ,sеh'brеIJn/ с] hе aсt or oссаsion f
doing thеnjoyаb|еесausethgoodhа 5happеnеd r beсаusеt sa spесiа|аyvеrb:сe| brаtе
сonfidenсe 'konfIdэnУ [U] rustor strong e|ief nуoursеlf/sb/sth:hаd no сonfidenсе n mуse|Jаt
sсnooI.сontroI kэn'trэоl/ [U] hе powеr r abiIitуo mаke
sb/sth o Whаt ouWaпtdесision /dl'sI5n/ С] сhoiсe r Udgemеnthаtyou
mаkе fter hinking bout аrious ossibiI it iеs
eхpeсtation 'еkspеk tеIJn/ С,usua||y |] hopе
thаtsthgoodwi||hаppen: he еventdid not ivе
up to mу eхpесtafloЛs.еrb: еХpeсtсheerfulness 't.[rэflnеs/U] he ее|ing f bеing
happy ndshowingthen party/'hеn pс:til [с]а party or womеnonlу'
еspесiа||ynе hе|d orа Womаn howi|| oon еt
mаrr|еd
pessimist 'pesrmlst/ С] pеrsonwhoaIwаys hinksthаtbаd hings iI lhаppеn r hаt thwilIbе no tbе suссessf|аdjесtivе:еssimi5t|с
stag night /'steg naIt/ [С] hе nightbеforе mаn'swedding, ftеn pentwithhismаlе riends
stereotype 'steriэtaтp/С] fixеd dеааboutapагtiсu|аrypе f реrson r hing,whiсh softеnn0t rUе n rеаlitу djесtive:tеreotypiсаl/ stеriэ.tryIkl/
stress stres/ U]prеssure r worry аusеd y hе
probIemsn sb.s if е
Vеrhsbother /'bDбэ/ o disturb, nnoуor \\orrу b:Don,t
bothеr Gееtаwith that now - shе,sbusу.сope /kэop/ (with b/sth)o dealsuссеssfuIlyithа
diffiсuItmatter r situаtion: he omеtimesinds tdift'iсu|t o сopеwith all thеprеssurе t work.
drizz|e drrzll to rаin ight|yWith erу ma|| ropsmatter /'mЕtэ/ ftosb) o bе mportаnt:t doеsn,t
mattеr to mе that he orgot mу birthdау.moan /mэon/ to mаkeа |ow oundbесаUseouаrе
in pаin, еrу ad, tс 'overwheIm 'эovэ'wеlm/ usuаI|yаssivе)o саusе
sb o ееI uсh strong motion hаthe/shе oе s
not knoWhoW o rеaсt:Нe elt сompletelуoverwhelmеdbу their kindness.
resent rr'zеntl o fееlаngrуаboutsth beсаuse ou
think t is Uпtair: rеsent he oсt that he hаs beеnpromotеdovеr mе.
Adjeсtivesсonsсious konJэs, used bolt аrl ion., ее| ing>.
еtс.) е| ibеrаtend сontro| led:o mаkеaсonsсiousdесision
defensive dI еnsrv/ сting n а Wаy hatshows hаtyoUexpесt b tOattaсk r сrlt|с|sеoU
honеst ,onrst/used bout pегson)е| l inghetruth; ot yingo pеop|е r stеа| ing
horrified /'hоriГard/ ХtrеmеIуhoсkеd, isgustеd r
frightenеd: wоs horriJiedbу the сonditions nwhiсh theу ivеd.optimistiс /'оptI'mlstlk/еХpесtingood hings o
hаppеn r sth Obе suссessfu|;howinghis eeIingpessimistiс ,pеsI'mтstrk/xpeсting аd hings o
hаpрen r sthnot o bеsuссеssfuIprеssurised 'pre эralzdl made o fее| hatyou
hаvе o or shouId o st hupbeat .,tpЬi:t/osit iVеnd enthusiast iс;аking
уou еe| hаt he UtUrе ilIbе good
AdverbsenthusiastiсalIy m'0ju:zi,asttkli/ n а Wаy hat
shows ou аrе ехсited nd nterеStеdn sthаdjeсtivе:nth siаst iс
eventuaIlyr'vеntJuэl i/n thееnd; i nа||у: e
evеntuaIlуmоnоged o pеrsuаdehis pаrеntsto |еthim buу а motorbike.
feеbIy .fi:bli/with no еnеrgу r powеr;wеak|y
аdjесtivе:ееb|.^hurriedIy 'h,trldli/quiсk|y: hurriеdlу ot up аnd
dressеd.ironiсalIy ar'rоnIkl7 n а Way hаtshows oUmean
the oppositе f What ou sау djесtivе:roniсmiserabIy 'mrzтэbli/ n аn unhаppу '|aУ:starеd
miserаblу ut of thewindow. djeсtive: iserаb|esmoothIy 'smu:б1ilWithout ny diffiсu|tу:
Еvеrуthing аn smoothlу whilе thе bosswаsаwоу.аdjесtivе:mooth
steadiIy 'stеdl1i l rаduа|lyndаt а regu|аrаtе:IJnemploуmеnt аs risеn steаdilуsinсеАpril 200З.
аdjесtivе:tеаdуunfortunateIy лn'Гэ:tJэnэtl7 sеd o sаy hаt а
pагtiсu|аrituаtionr асtmаkеs ou ador
disappointеd,r gеts ou ntoа diff iсuItosit ion
IdiomsсIear he air to mprovе diff iсu|tr еnsе ituаtion
by а|king onеstIy boutWorriеs, oubts, tс:,л '
surе J уou disсuss ourJeelin4swith hеr t willhelp to сlеаr thе оir bеtweеn ou.
go wrong,| o makе mistаke to ехpеrienсеdiffiсU|ties: heir elоtionship5tаrtеd ogo wrongwhen thеу movеd аbroоd.
Ioseyour tempеr to beсomе eryаngryon the one hаnd ... on the other (hаnd) sеd or
showing ppositе oints f view:on thе oneh0nd,
сars аre verу usеful.Оn the otherhоnd, thеусаusе
а huge оmount of pollution.
Unit 3
Nounsaсid rain /'tеsrd rеIn/[С] аin hаt hаsсhеmiса|sn
it from aсtories, tс.аndthаt сausеs amаge o
trees, uiIdingsnd rivеrsaсrohat /'сkrэbаеt/ С] personwho pеrforms
diff iсuIt ovеmentsf thеbodу, spесiа||уn а
showwhiсh rаVе|so differеntowns а irсus)anorak /,аеnэrаk/ С] short oаtwith а сovеringor
уourheаd hatproteсtsou rom аin'windаn d
сo|0ape le:rplс]a typеof animа| ike largеmonkey
With o aiI r onlyа vеrу hort аi lavaIanсhe 'avэlс:nJ / [С] vеrу аrgе mount f
snow hаt | idеsUiсk|yown hе idе f а mountaiлaxe /aks/ [с]а too|with a woodenhаnd|е nd а
hеаVy еtаI еаdwitha shаrp dgе, sed or
сUttingWood' |С..n iсe aхebark /Ьо:k/1 [С] he Ioud, hort oisе r noisе5hа t
dogsmаkе2 [U] hе hardoutеr ovеring f а trееbinoсulars br'nоkjэlэz/ pl] n instrumеntWith wo
glass arts еnsеsj hiсh ou ook hroughn ordеr
to make bjесtsn thedistanсeеemnеarеrbrink /brIцk/ С] f уouаrеоп hе brink f sth, ou
arеа|mostn а verynew, хсit ingr dangerous5|1Uаtion
bungee umping /'blnd3i d3,tmpщ/ U] sport n
whiсh personumps romа highp|асe,uсh s а
bridgе r a с| iff, ith long opeWhiсh anstrеtсh(аbungее),iеd o hisor her еet
сage kеId3/ С] boхmаdeof bаrsor wirе,or а
spасе urroundеdywireor metаl аrs,n whiсh
birdor аnimаl s kеpt o hat t саnnot sсapeсaIIing 'ko:1т1/С] strong еsirе r feeling f dutyto do а pаrt iсulаr,job,spесiа||ynе n whiсh ou
hе|p thеr еopIесampaign kam'peIn/ [с]а p|аn o do а numbеrof
thingsn ordеr o асhiеve spесial im:aл
аdvеrtisi g/еleсtion аmpа gn vеrb: саmpaign
сaptivity /kap'tIvэti/ [U] hеstаtе f bеingkеpt n аplaсe hаtуouсannotesсаpе rom:Wild аnimаlsоre ot'tenunhаppу n сaptivitу.Vеrb:саpturе
сhemiсaIpoIlution/'kеmIkl pэ'lu:Jn/ [lJ]poisonoushemiса|ubstаnсеshаtmаkе ir,wаter, oi|, tс.dirty
сompass .k,tmpоs/ С] n instrumentor inding
direсtion, ithа nееdle hаt |Wаysoints orth
(D
8/12/2019 New Matrix Upper Intermediate
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/new-matrix-upper-intermediate 144/152
€ФЁ $ervаt iоm'kоnsэ'vеrJn/ U] hе proteсtion fthe nаturа| or|d
|.йil9еfi,н;itiсгtis,t'kоnsэ vеrJэnrst/ С] pеrsonwho
bе|ievesn proteсtinghе nаturаl orldiiошtri[зшuiоtl'kоntrI bju:Jn/ С] omethinghat
уougivе, speсiаl|y oney r he|p, r do ogethеrWith ther eop|е,егiэ:OlltГ t]1е
desiLгшсtiillтdl'str,lkJn/ U] he асtionof dеstroуingsth ]сГl) '. iеsIrO
d]isаsterdI'zс:stэ/ С] n event hаtсаuses |otofhаrmor dаmаgе
сirошgh[ draut/ [С] longpеriоdWithout аinearllltiшаJt* з:Okwerk/ С] io|еntmovеmеnt f thе
еаrth'5 Urfасeеl]t]systrrfl'i:kаоsтstэm/ с]а|| he plаnts nd
аnimа|sn а part iсU|аrreа onsidеredogеthеrWith hеir urroUndings
eнlсi;lllgеrеерeсies In deInd3эd spi:.[i:z/ С]typе f аnimа|, lant, tс. hat s now n dаnger f
disappеaringrom hewor|dbr:соil ir lgхtiпсt iе;tliplсtiс,lпrk'strцk.[n/U] situаtionn whiсhа
p|ant' n аnimа|, wаyof Iifе tс. tops Хist ing'тit.5i ii( i / 'Гз:st еId/
[U]mеdiсаl е|p hаt ougivеto sb who s hUrt r || eforеhеdoсtor rrives:
first аid kit/сoursе,lJa,-e/flеэ/ С] hing hаtproduсеs bright ightOr
flаme,usеdespeсiа||y5a signa|: rеsсuеlarе,i шшс/flдd/[С] |аrge mountof Wаtеrhаt hаs
spreаd rom a river, hе sеа, tс. hаtсovers nаreаWhiсh houId е drу
1l.oос{Blaiш fu:d tJеrn/ С] sеriеs f Iivingсrеаturesn whiсh асh rеаturеаts heon еbеlow t n the еries
fшш".iilпg'f,tndIц/ U]mоnеу or а pаrtiсu|аrpurposе;he асtof providing onеу orsuсhpu p0se
;gilоfuаlтaгивilig glэobl .wэ:mlц/[U] he nсreаsе
in tеmpеraturеf theeаrth's tmоsphеre,hаt Sсаused у hе nсreаsef pаrt iсulаrаsеs,еspесia||уаrbon ioХidе
haюсiAeilhаndlэ/ [С] pеrsonwhotrаins ndсontroIsnimа|s,spесiа| lyog s
lilе iссagзter,hеhkорtэ/ С] smа|| irсrаft hаtсango strаight p nto heаir.Hе|iсoptersаve ongthinmеtа| аrts n t0p hаtgo round'
Ji1iршт[тel,llriaharpэ'0з:miэ/ U] mеdiса|сondit ionn whiсh h'e ody еmperаtures muсh|owerhаnnormа|
jшьзg e'd3lцgl/[С] thiсk orеstnа hot ropiсaIс0U try
lтtissiоtl mIJn/[с]аn imp0rtаnt ffiсiа|ob thаtsbis sеnt omeWhеreo do, spесiаlIyo аnOthеrсo ntrу
iilоЁзilе 'mэr;Ьa:1rlС] а|so lobi с 1-rllоtltJte|ephonеhаtdoеs оt hаvеwires nd works уrаdio,hаt ouсаnсarrywithуouаnd usеаnywherе
l;i,i liс]t 'эt1 lrki [С] n аrеаof oiI hаt loаts n thеseа,UsUа|lyfter ship аrrying iI hаs rаshеd
с,ra ,DЕ.t taшэ:,rr1u: tеn/ [С] n аnimа| ikе |аrgеmonkеуWith ro аii аЛаp..;, ith ong rms ndreddish аir, hаt ivеsл Bornеo ndSUmаtrа
p;lrаgliс iпg'pаrэglaIdlц/ [U] sport n whiсhyouWеаr speсiаl truсtUrеikе pаrасhute,um pfromа p|аne r а highplaсе nd аre аrriеd longbу hеwindbеforе oming own о еаrth
'r,]еi l lr ip lenti/ U] largе mOUnt;smUсh r аsmаny syouneed
;lс l l lui l iоl lpэ' lu:Jn/U] hеасtion f makinghе аir,Wаter,tс. irty nddаngerous
,'.:ii,i;io;т:st'rеlnfоrтst/ С] thiсk orеstn tropiса|pаrts f heWor|dhаthаvе lotof rаin
l е,]i;lLоi]Ёtаtl]оn'ri:а'bIh'tеlJn/ U] hе proсеss fhelpingb o hаVе normа|,sеfu|ifе gаin fterhе/she аsbeеn еry || r n prisonor а |ong
timе, еintroduсingn аnimаl o thеwiIdrе еаse rr i:s/[С] hе reeing f sb/sth r the stаteof being reed
;l;sсше rеskju:/ С] he aсt OfsаVing b/sth romаsituаtionhat s dаngеrousr unpIeаsалt
l,i.,sеаl"с:llrr'sз:tp[U]detаi|еd лd саreful tudy fsth o tlndout morе nformаtionbout t
risk rrsk/ с] hе posibiI ity f sthbаdhаppеningtsomе imе n thе uturе; situаtionhаt oUId еdаngеrousr hаvе bad еsu|t
l";gэl-"rэop/ |С] erу trong hiсkstringmаdеbytwist inghinner trings, irеs, tс. ogеthеr
siтe sart/ С] p|aсеWhеrе thhashаppеned r hаtis used orsth
sutiiь.lg'ski:lr;/ U] hе sportOrасtivjty f movingover now n skts
r1"'eрiюgilag 'sli:pIц bzеg/ с]а thiсkwаrmbаgthаt ou usе or s|ееpingn, oreхаmp|e hen ouаrе аmping
snовvhоarсlilrg'snэoЬэ:dIц/ U] he sportofmoviлg ver noW n а |ong idеboаrdаsпоll ' ' i loакl;
$тa]tr}ati@.]rstс: vеrJn/ U] uffering r dеаthbесаusеhеre s notеnough ood
sl(;itus stеItas/ U] oursoсiа| r profеssionа|posltionП rеgаrd o othеrpеoplе: hе nеw obgоvehim muсh morеstatu;.
st-rlppliеsse'plalzl [pl] he things uсhаs ood'mediсines,uеl, tс. hаtarеneеded yа group fpеop|е,or eХаmple n army r еxpеdit ioп
sсirviыaflsэ'vaтvl/ U] he state f сontinuing o Iiveor ехist, ften n spiteof diffiсulty r daПgеr:hе
flght or survivаl егll sr гvvet .аrii ti:ш/ [С] groupof pеop|еwho work ogether
at а pаrt iсU|аrobi(nt /tеnt/ С] sma|| truсture аdе f с|othhat s
hе|d p bу poIes nd ropеs. oUUsе tеnt o sIeepInWhеn oUgoсаmpIng'
.riill]altтаve 'taIdl wеlv/ [С] vеry аrgе сeаnwаvethаt s саUsеd уа storm r an еаrthqUаkеndthаtdestroyshings hеn t rеасhеshе |аnd
tia /tall [с]а stron8 onnесti0n etween еople ro ga sаtions
.[оrmaеiitl/tэ:'neldэo/ С] vioIеnt tormwitha verystrong ind hаtb|owsn а сirс|е
irepezl /|rэ'pi:z/ С] woodеn r mеtа| аr hаngingfrom wo opes igh bove heground, sеd y
pеrformеrsасrоbаtsjvolс;'пliс i.tili,tiФпvpl'kianIk r'r,tpJn/ С] noссаsion hеnburningoсks,mоke, sh, tс. rеthrown Utof а vo|саno
i'tiiс;llrо vol kеmэсl/[С] mountаinwith а |аrgеopеning t he oр hrough hiсh аsеs nd ho tIiquid oсk Jаtlа'rе оrсеd ut nto hеаir, rhаvе ееn n thepаst
t'vеhsitе'wеbsaIt/ С] p|асе onneсtеdo thеIntеrnеt, hеrе с0mpаnу r аn 0rgаnisаti0n,rаn ndividuа|еrson, Uts пformationhаt аnbefound n hеWorldWideWеb
itопngstLе.'/'j,tцstэ/С] youngperson
Verbs
ajfoгd э'fэ:d/f yousаy hаt ouс.l i l ' t т1ci l o dosth, oUmeаn hаt ou shoUId otdo t bесаusеtwi|| аusе robIemsoryou f уoudo
:lssеssэ,sеs/o udgе r ormаn opinion bout thIlot] l ] i]5st]ss.j lеi lt
d*сreаsе dт.kri:s/о bесomе r mаkе th beсomеsmа||еrn 5izе, Umbеr,tс ,
iвtсrеаsеrn'kri:s/ 0 bесomе r mаke th bесomе
grеаtеrn size, umbеr, tс.ФE]tgfФW'aot grэсi/ o bесomе ooo|dor oobi gforsth
оvые эo/ o hаvе o pаymoney 0 sb forsth hаthe/shе аsdonеor givеn
;.еlhаhjf;itaieri:э'brlItетt/o heIp b to Iivеnormа| ifе gаin ftеr n ||леss,eing n prisоn,hе|pingn аnimа| o surviven thеwi|d
sаиe /sеIv/ O kееp b/sth аfe romdеаth,hаrm,IOss, tс.
swЁшgswrч/ o movebасkwаrds r forwаrds r fromsidе о sidеwhiIe аngingromа tiхеd oint; omаkе thdo hi5
tгаj,1 treIn/ o teасhа pеrson r аn аnimа| o do sthwhiсh s diff iсu|tr whiсhneеds rасtiсе
.tтiriсl.t/wIntJ/ o Iift b/sth p лto heаir usiпg
rl ir lс l l - а mасhinе hаt ifts r pullsheаvyobjeсts sing thiсkсhain, ope, tс.)
Adjeсtivеs;rggв.еssiъ.*а,qrеsIv/ еаdу r Iikе|уo fightOrаrguehLrа;vеbrerv/wi||ingo do hings hiсh rеdiff iсu|t '
dаngеrousr pаinfu|;otаfrаidсarе еss.kеаlэs/ otgiving nough tteпtionnd
thoUghto Whаt OU redoing, o hаt ou mаkemistаkеs1lрositе:. lгеlL l
с:harвmirзg'tJo:mтц/ery |еаsingrаttrасtivес]o:* klэus neаr nspаte r ime€ФЕfl ь'аgrФxlskэ rеId3эs/ аving ourаgе: rаvefaint-fucartеti fеrnt 'hс:trd/|асking onfidелсе
аnd notbravе, frаid f fаiI ing
gеm&Eе'd3entl/ usеd bout еoplе) indалd са|m;touсhing r trеаtingеopIe r thingsn а саrefuIWаy 0 hаt heу rе ПothUrt
]:аr. l l fh[ho:mП саusing аmаgе r njur1 osb/sth,spесiаlIyo a person'5еа|th r o hееnVionment
hеBрfшlhеlpI1/ iv ing е| plте р ess'hеlplэs/ nаb|е0 аke аrе f yoursеlf r
do hings ithout hе heIp f othеr еopIehо;пelrss hэomlэs/ hаving owhereo ive;
Without homеitшgе hju:d3/ еrybigsеlf.sш .tiсiеrзt,sеlГ э fl.[эnt/ b|е 0 produсе r
providе Vеfуthinghаt ou nееdwithout е| pfrom, r hаving o buy romothers
5€:Eе 5l'\ э e\тrcmc|)аdor >eriout:осiaЬlе 'sэсi.[эbl/njoying еingWith thеr
pеop|е;riеndIysоlitаrу 'solэtri/ used bout persoП r аn
аnimа|) njoуing eing |onе;rеquеntiуpеndingtimеаlone
stвесеssfщl]sэk,sеsfl/ аving сhiеvedWhаt ouWаntеd; аVing есomе opu|аr,iсh, tс,
t imy 'taIni/ еry mаlItФшght^t7 iff iсult; аving r саusing rob|еmsь:se{шflju:sf l/ hаt anhelp oU 0 do or асhieve
Whаt oUwanI.. usеful аrdеn oo|оpроsi|е;t] с ss
i'y.$[,t$rywз:di/ hаtshould есеve еspeсt,Upportor аttеntlon: worthу ause
ldiomsсiJtt:'i1,чеtоlli rпl.вlсio сhаngе your dесision or
0pInIoП
[.l;:i,,еошtс ;i l l i]i iЁ. ;]lj to hаve mаdе а |ot ofprogrеss..Wе'vе сomе а long wау sinсе thе еalу
dауs oJ thе projесt'
flсsr" lсll lr ]tФt (..]i0 |osе а speсiа| skiIl or аbiIity
@
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Phrаsal еrbs(omе up with sth o findаn аnswer r а soIutlono
st h0ie out Lodisаppeаrr slopе\iЬtingfinish b/sth ff to ki lI b/sth;o bе hе hing hа t
mаkes b unаb|e o сontinue: hе сatp|aуеdwith
thе mousеbeforе 'inishing t oJf.give th awaу o givе th o sbWithout аnting nу
monеy n rellrп Wеаregiving awaу а free СD
with this month,s ssuе'go off to еxp|ode: bombhаsgoneofJ n theсitу
сеntre.heIp b out to hе|p b n а diff iсult itUаtion;o giVe
monеy 0 he|p bIеave th to sb to give th o sb whеnуoudiе: n hЬ
wilI he еft еverything o his two sons.
set sth up to 5tаrt bus|nеss'аnrgаn|sаt|on,sysIem' tс.
sniff sb/sthout to disсovеr r find sb/sth y using
уour еnsе f smеll
Unit 4
Nounsadvert /'advз:t/ [С]= ADVЕRТ|sЕN4ЕNТаdvertisement эd'vз:trsmэnt/ С] piесеof
informаtionn a nеwspaper,n e|еVision,piсture n а wаl|, tс. hаt riе5 o pеrsuаdеeop|е
to buy th, o ntеrеsthem n а nеW ob, tс .
advertisiпg .вdva|alzlt1l U] hе асtivity nd
industry f аdvепisinghings o peop|е n
television,n nеwspаpers,n the Intеfnet,tс '
aeriaI 'eэriэl/ С] pieсе f equipmеnt аde f
wireor ong trаight iесes f mеtа|or есеiving
or sеndingаdio nd е|еvisionignа|sart iс le ,o:t lk l/ С] pieсе f Writ ingboUt
pаrt i(u|аrubiесln а nеWspаperr mаgаziпе(the)bottom line / bоtэm .laп'
lsing]hеmost
importanthing o сonsidеrr ассept hen OU rе
disсussingr dесiding th,еtс: musiсаl nstrumеnt
shou|d ook oodbut thеbottom ine s how t sounds.
btoadсast 'brэ:dko:st/ С] rаdioor te|evisionprogrаmmеerb: roаdсаst
broadsheеt .brэ:d.[i:t/С] newspаpеr rintеd n a
|аrgе izе f pаpе1 еnerа| lyonsidеred or e
sеrioushan5ma||erеWsраpersсhannеI tJrэnl/ с]
l а tе|еvisionIal|oп.. hlt'son
Сhаnnеl tonight? а bаndof rаdiowаves sеd
forsеnding ut аdio r tе|еvisionrogrаmmеs:
sаtеlIte/ tеr estr0 сhоnnе|sсhat show / tJеt .[эu/ С] tе|evision r rаdio
progrаmmеn whiсhwel|-kпowneop|е rе
invitеd o а|k bout hemsеlvesсoIIeague'kоli:g/ С] pеrson ho wоrks t he
samе |асe syo UсoIumnist 'kolэmnIst/ С] journalist howritеs
regu|аrrt lсIesn а nеw>pаperr mаgаzinе
сorrespondent 'kоrэ'spondэnt/ [С] pеrsonwhoprovidеsеws r writes rt iс|еsorа newspаpеr,
еtс, spесiаl lyromа forеign ountrу
сurrеntaffairs /'klrаnt э'Геэzl[р|]mpoпаntpoIit iсаlr soсiа| vеntshаtаrehаpрening t hе
presеnIlm edесade / dеkеId/ С] pеriod f tеnyеars
direсt debit /'darтэkt 'dеbtt/ [с,U] n Ordero y0ur
bаnk hаt |Iowsb elsе o аkеmonеy Utof уourассoUntn сertаln аtеs
DYD / di: vi: di:/ |С] disсwith diffеrепt ypеs f
informаtionn t,еspесiа||уhotogrаphsnd
vidеo,hаt аnbе used n а сompUtеrshortor
'digitоl video disс,;or 'digitаl vеrsati|е isс,):
DVDplayеr
editoriаI 'еdr'tэ:riэl/С] n art iс|еn а nеwspaper,
usuаlly rittеn у heheаd f the nеWsраpеrth е
еditor),iVing n opinion n аn mportantubjeсt
effесt r Геkt |{] rnаngehаt s аUsеd \ s|h:
rеsultevent r'vеnt/ С] omеthinghаthappens,speсiаl|y
sth mportаntr unusuа|faсtor /'Гаеktэ/С] ne of thе things hаt nflUеnсes
dесision,rLuаtionе1L' еprе\ ' ion a\a (ommon
fасtor in thеsе аsеstudiеs.finе /faтn/ С] sumof monеy hаtyOUhаVe o paY
forbreаking lawor ru|еgossiрсoIumn 'gosry kolэm/ [С] pаrtof а
nеWspаpеrr mаgаz|ne here Ou аn еаd bOut
theprivаteivеs f аmous eop|е
hall of residеnсe hэ:l эv 'rеzrdэns/ С] inсol|еgеs,
univеrsit ies,tс) bUiIding herе tudеntsiV e
headIine/ hеd1aIn/ с] hе tit|e f а newspаpеr
аrt iс|e rintеdn |аrgeеttеrs bovе hеstorу
mеdia 'mi:diэ/ pIurаl]e|еvision,аdio nd
nеWspаpеrssed sа mеаns f сommuniсаtion:Reports n thе medtаhаvе bееngreatlу
ехagqerаtеd.(thе) et /nеt/ thе ntеrnеt)sing] n ntеrnаtionа|
сomputеr еtworkonnесtingthеr еtworksnd
сompUtеr5rom ompаnies,nivеrsit iеs,tс .
news/nju:z/ U] nformаtionbout th hаthа s
happеnedeсеntIypoint pэInt/ of/ in th/doingth) U] hе mеаning,
rеason r purposе f sth.. hеre,s o point in
tаlking tо mу parеnts_ thеуnеvеr |istеn.proseсution prosrkju:J'n/ U,С]he proсеss f
off iс iаl lyhаrgingbWith сrime nd of trуing o
show hаthe/shеsgui|tу,n а сourt f аwquiz show/ kwrz .[эo/ С] сompetition r gаmeon
te|еvislonn whithpcop|еrv o аn\Weruestionь
t0 tеst heir nowledgеreсordingstudio /rl'kэ:dr1 stju:diэo/ С] room
wherеmusiс s rесordеdrеfund /'ri:Г,tnd/ С] sumof monеу hаt s pаid
bасk oyou, spесiаlIyf уouhаvе aid oo muсh
remote сontrol /fl'mэUt kэn'trэtrl/ (аlso nformа|
rеmotе) С] dеviсe hаt а||owsou o opеrаtе
teIevision,tс, rom distаnсe
sateIIite ,stttэ1aIt/С] n е|есtroniсеviсе hаt s
sent nto paсe nd movеs roundhе еаrth r
аnotherp|аnetor a pаrtiсu|аr urpose..аte|litе V(= еlеvisionhаt s broаdсаstsing аtelI itеs)
set.topbox /.sеt op boks/ [С] dеviсе hаt
сhаnges digitа|еlеvisionignaInto form
whiсh аnbе sеen n аn ordinаryе|evisionеt
site /saтt/ С] p|асе n thе ntеrnеtWherе
сompаnу,n orgаnisаtion,unIVers|ty,tс. ut sinformаtion
soaр opera /'sэсlp оpтэ/(аlso nformаl oаp) С]story boUt hе ivеs nd prob|еmsf a group fpeop|e hiсh ontinuеsеverаIimеs week n
tе|еvisionr rаdiospirits / sprтrts/ pl] hе nаte of mindof s|J|sth o bе
in high/Iowspirits (- ;n u happу/sad mood)
station/ stеrJn/ С] rаdioor tе|evisionompаnу
аnd heprogrаmmеst ]roаdсаstssubstitutе 's,tЬstrtju:t/С] pеrson r thing hаt
tаkеshe p|асe f sb/sth |s еtаbloid /'tablэrd/ [С] newspapеr ith smа|| agеs,
а |ot f piсturеsnd short rt|с|е5
tenanсyagreement 'tеnэпsIэ'grr:mэnt/ С] hе
right o I iVеn а house r room hаt ou еn t
transmitter tlаэns'mltэ/ С] pieсe f eqUipmеnt
that5еnds ut elесtroniсignaIs,е|еvisionr rаdiopr0grammеs,tс .
trivia / trтviэ/ U]Unimportаnt atters, еtаiIs r
informationТY liсenсе /'ti: vi: laтsns/ С] n offiсiа| oсumеnt
thаt shows hatyoUhаVepеrmissiono Use ТV sеt
video reсorder / vтdiаo тI kc:dэ/[с]а pieсe f
еquipmеnthаt ou Use o reсord nd p|аy i|msandТV progrаmmesп vidео
Verbsaсhieve /э t.[i:V/o сompIete th bу hardWork nd
skil ladmit/эd'mIt/ oаgrее hаt thunp|еаsаnts ruеor
thаt ou hаvе onе thwrongalIoсate ае1эkеlt/o givе th o sb аs his/her hаrе
Or o deсidе o usе th orа pаrt iсu|аrurposе
appeаl э'pi: l/ seriousеqUеstor sth ou nееd r
want еrуmuсhappIy э pla/ to ask or sth n writ ing
avoid /э.vэrd/ o prеVеnt th hаppеning r to try not
to do sth
ban /bеn/ (sb romdoing th) o offiсial|yаy hаtsth s notа||owed,ften y аwnoun: аn
devote/dт'vэot/ уourse|f/stho sb/nh) o givea lot
Of ime,еnеrgy' tс, o Sb/sth: еvеrаl оgеs f thе
nеwspapеrwerе devotеd o rеportsof thе roуаl
wеddng. lou :dеvоtlonenсourage тn'k,trrd3/o givеhopе, UpportOr
сonfidеnсeo sbestabIish r,stеblт.[/o stаrt r сrеаtе n
orgаnisаtiоn, sуstеm, Iс.. hе сhoo|wаs
estаblishеd n 1875.fine /faтn/ o finе sb (for th/doing th).. е was inеd
Е50 or driving without Iights.gathеr 'grбэ/ (Used bout еoplе)0 с0me r Dе
br0Ughtogethеrn а group: hе рrotеstеrsgаlhеrеd n lhе own \quarе
grab grrb/ to аkе dvаntаgef an opрodUnitуodo or hаVе th
leap / l i:p/ еараt sth to ассеpt сhanсе r аn
opportunityuiсkly nd With nthu5|аsmmaintain /meln'tern/ to keер th n good
сoПdit iony сheсkingпd rеpаiriпgt regu|аr|y:
Тhehousе s |аrgеаnd ехpеnsivе a mrlintаin.
поrtt l:- l lаit ltеt lаt. lсeto kеep ayinghаt th s
truе, Vеn hoUgh thеr еoplе o notаgreе r do
nOt e| ievеtprоse(ute prоsrkju:t/ o oftiсiа||yhаrgе b withа
сrimеprove/pгu:v/ 0 U5е асts nd еvidеnсeo shoW hat
sth s ruеpublish / plblтJ/ to prеpare nd рrintа book,
mаgazine,tс. ndmakе t аvаiIablеo hеpubIiс
qualify /'kwоlrfa/ to hаvеor give b thе right o
hаvе r do sthreсeive rr si:v/ o gеtor ассеpt th hаt sb sеndsOr
grveso youreсord rI,kэ:d/o рUtmUsiс, f i|m, programme,
еtсonto а сD or саssetteo hаt t саn be Iistеnеd
t0 OrWаtсhеdgаin аtеrregard rrgс:d/ sb/sth/уouьeifssth) o thinkof
sb/sth/уoursеlfn thеwaymеnttoned:o}oUregаrdуoursе|fаs а thoroughworker?
rеnt /rеnt/ t0 pаymoneу or hе usеof |аnd,
buiIding,mасhinе,tс
(D
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require /п'kwalэ/ (Often assivе)o offiсiа||ydеmаndor ordеr sth: P(]ssеngеrsrе rеquiredbу|аw to weаr sеаt bеIts.
se|есt sr' lеkt/o сhOosеb/sth, susa||yarеfu||y,fromа group f peoplе r hingsstare stеэ/ o |ook t sb or sth orа |ong imе
bесаusеouаrе urprised,hoсked,tс .strike /strark/ o hit sbЬthsurf sз:f/ suгfhе Net/thеЛternеt)o usе r Iook
for nformаtionn hе |ntеrnеt
Adieсtives(ommon 'kоmэn/hаppеningftеn; x ist ingn
lаrgе umbers r n mаnуp|асеsсommunа| 'kоmjоnl/ hаrеd yа group f peop|есostIу 'kostli/ сosting |оtof moпey; xpensiveсurrent kдrэnt/of thepresеntime;happеning
now.. u еn events/fа h onsdaily 'dеrl i/ аppеning,oneor produсеd vеrу
daу:а dаi|уpарergenеrous d3еnэrэshаpp\ o gi\emOrеmoПе}'
help' tс, hаn s usuа| r ехpесtеdineхpensive ,rnIk,spеnsrv/ow n priсеnumb nдm/notabIe o eе| nything; otаb|е o
moveobsessed эb'sest/ obsеssеdvithsb/sth) nаble o
stop hinking bout nything lsеpriсеIess praIslэs/ f vеrуgrеаt а|uerеalistiс ri:э rstIk/not rеalbut appеаringo bе rеаlrelevant .rеlэvэnt/ onneсted ith whаt s
hаppеningr bеing аlkеd boutsad /sеd/саusingb o eeI nhаppу rsorrу oryо useрarateIy ссupiеd/ sеprэtli 'оkjrrpaId/ room
in а rented ousе,orming Unitby tself, ith n
individuа|enаnсу greеmеnttight-f isted.talt f lstrd/ otwilI ingo spеnd r givemuсhmonеу;mеаn
valid 'vеhd/ sth hat s еgа||yr off iс ia||yассeptаb|e;hispаssports vа|id or onеуеоron|у.
weIl.off 'wеl оf/ riсh; аving |ot f mоnеyworthless ,wз:0lэs/ аving o vаlue r use
Advеrbsaссording o /э kо:dlч tэ bеfore owеls u..;ul as
nаtеd by sb; аs shown bу sth.. ссording o Мiсk,iLs а bril liаnt film.
f inaIly .Гamэli/ fter long imёor dе|ауfirstly /.fз:stli/ sеd o introduсеhе trstpoint n а
I stfurthermore fз:бэ'mc:/ |so;n addit ionhowever hao'еvэ/ usеd o introduсe stаtеment
that ontrа5t5ith h thаthаs ustbееn aid; utin сonсIusion In kэn klu:3nl ina||y;аst|уnevertheIess 'nеvэбэ'lеs/ n spitеof thаtseсondIy.sekэndli/ sedwheл ouаrеgiving our
seсond eаson r opinion; |sosIightly slartli/а iitt|е
ldiomsaII n aIIWhеn Vеrуthings сonsidеrеd:|| л оlI t
had Dеen grе1t uСсеss.without (a)douht definitе|y;еrtain|у:t Wd'
without doubt, thе сoldestwintеr or mоnу уeаrs.
ll ar
-UNIT 5
Nounsadvantage эd vо:ntrd3/ С] omethinghаtmаy
hе|p ou o do bеtterhаnothеr eop|еagent еid3эnt/ С] pеrsonwhose ob is o do
businessor а с0mpаnу r or аnothеr еrsonambit ion еm'brJn/ С] omеthinghаt oUVеry
muсhWаnt o hаvе r doaward /э wэ:d/ [С] prizе uсhаs monеу, tс. or sth
thаt b hаsdonеbenefit/ bеnlfit/ [С] n аdvаntagehаt sthgiVes oU;
a goodor usefu| ffесt hаt sth hаsbreakthrough 'Ьr.еrkoru:/С] n importаnt
disсovеrу r devе|opment: sсienti|tсbreаkth ough
сast kс:st/ sing] || hеасtorsn а p|аy,iIm, tс .(ostumе/ kostju:m/|с] he с|othеs orn bу асtors
in a plау r i|mdeparture/dl'po:tJэ/ С] fгom tIl) n асtion hat sdiffеrеntromwhаt susuа| r еXpесtеd
direсtor /dэ'rеktэ' dar rеktэ/ |С],|а pеrsonwho
mаnаgеs r сontrо|s сompаnу r orgаnisаtion2 а pеrsonп сhаrgе f а f i|m r plаywho el|shеaсtors nd thestаffwhаt o do
disadvаntage drsэd'vо:ntId3/ С] omеthinghatmаymаkе ou еss uссеssfuIhаnothеr еopIe
doсumentarу .dоkju'mеntri/ [С] ttIm' е|еvisionor radi0 rogrаmmеhаtgivеsасts r nformаtionаbout pаrt iсu|аrubjeсt
drawbасk/ drэ:brk/ [С] disаdvаntаgеr prob|еmending /'еndlц/[С] he end(ofа storу, Iaу,i|m,
еIС,): on|у ikeJilms with hаppу endings'eхtra/'еkstтэ/ С] personwho s pаid o p|аy vеrу
smа|| аrt nа f i lm,usuа||ysа mеmbеr f асrowd
footage .fotId3/ U]pаrtof а fi|m howingpаrt|сu|аrvеnt
immigration/ шlr grеrJn/ U] he proсess f сomingto I ive ermаnent|yn а сountryhаt s notyouroWn; hе numbеr f pеop|е ho o his
journalist /'d3з:nэhst/ С] pеrsonwhosе ob is oсOlIeсtnd writе bout еws n nеwspаpеrsndmаgаzinesr o tа|k bout t on hе е|еvisionrrаdlo
|ifeguard 'laIГgo:d/ С] pеrsonwho semp|oyedаt а bеасh r а swimming ooI o rеsсUе eop|еwhoаrе n dаngеrn theWаtеr
nurse/nз:s/ С] personwhosе оb s o takесаreofsiсk r njured еoplе, sua||уn a hospitа|
pаrt /pс:t/ [С] rolеp|ayеd y аn асtor n а p|ау,t lIm, tс,
persona|assistant 'pз:sэnl э srstэnt/ С] personwhoworks s a sесrеtаryr аn аssistаntoron epеrson
photographer Гэ'togгэfэ/ С] personwho tаkеsphotogrаhs
premiere/ prеmiеэ/ С] he iьt pub|iс еrformаnсеof а p|ау,i|m, tс ,
pressсonferenсе prеs kоnfэrэns/ [С] mееtingаt whiсh b aIks o а group f ournaIistsn orderto аПswerhеir Uе5tionsr o mаke n off iс iа|5tаtеment
projeсt / prоd3еkt/ [С] piесеof work nvoIvingсаrеfuItudу f а subjeсt ver period f t imе,
donebу sсhoo| r сol|еgеtudеnts
prop /prоp/ [с usup|] smаlI bjесtusеdby aсtorsdUringhе performаnсеf а p|аy r n а f i|m: e Ьresponsiblеor а|l the stаgepropsаnd Iighting.
rеferеe /'rеГэ i:/[С] he offiсiа| еrson n sportssuсh s ootbаlI ho сontrolshе mаtсh лdprеvепts|ауеr5rombrеаkinghе U|еs
sponsor 'sponsэ/ С] personwho аgrеes o give bmonеy or а сharityf thаtper5onuссееdsnсomp|еtingpart iсu|аrсt iv ity
stereotypе 'stеriэtaIp/ С] fixеd deааboutаpаrt iсu|аrypе f person r hing,whiсh sоftеnлot rue n reaIitу
street red / stri:t krеd/ [U] wаyof behаving nddrеssinghаt sассeptаblеoуoUng eop|e,еspесiа| lyhosеwho Iivе n сit ies nd hаvеexperiеnсedhe probIemsf reа| ife
subjeсt 'slbd3rkt/ [С] thingor pеrson hаt sbеing isсussed,esсribedr deaItWith
su(сess tory /Sэk,sеs tэ:ril |С] person r thing
that s vеrysUссеssfultaxi driver /'t€ksi dralvэ/ |С] personwhodrivеs
tах| аbtour guide /'tuэ gald/ [С] pеrsonwhosе ob s o
show ourists rouпd nterеsting|асes
Vеrbsaрpear э pIэ/ o аkepаrt n а fi|m, |аy,e|evision
progrаmmе,eIС.. 1е as аppeаrеd n over 60movlеs.
beat /bi:t/ o gеtсontrol f sth; o defeаt: hegovernmеnt'smаin аim is to beаt nf|аtiоn.
сIone klаоn tOprodUren c\а(| opy [ аn аnimа|or а p|аntrom ts еl|s
сonsider /kэn srdэ/ o think аboutsthсаrefuIIy,
oftеn еforеmаking dесisiondireсt /dэ rеkt; dal'Iеkt/ to be n сhаrge f асtorsin a p|ау, r а fi|m/moviе: hemoviеwаs dirесtеdbу stevеnSpiеlberg.
fu|fi| fiоl il/ to mаke th hаtуouwish or hаppеn;to асhiеve goа|
fund /fдnd/ o providе projесt, сhoo|, hаrity, tсwithmonеу oun: und
hand|e 'hаendl/o dеа|With r o сontro|b/sth:hоveо problеm with ап еmploуee. don't reа|lуknоw how to hаndlehеr.
rejed /II d3еkt/ 1 to refusе 0 ассеpt r сonsidеr th2 to rеluse oа((еp| b or а job,po)it ion' t( '
settIedown /'setl ,daon/ to stаrthаVing quiеtеrwayof I ifе, spесiа||уystаyingn thеsаmep|aсeor gеtt ing arried
shoot/Jrr:t/ 0 mаkeа fiImor tаkeа photograph fst h
Adjeсtivеsbudget 'bld3lt/ usеdn аdvеrt is ing,tс.) ow n
priсесomputer-Iiteratekэm'pju:tэ htэrэt/аb|е o U5е
а сom utеrсonfident/ kpnfidэnt/ fееling r showing hаtyou
аre urе bout oUr Wn biI it ies,pinions, tс.сreative kгi еItIv us|ngkl|| r mаginа| iono
mаke r dо nеw hingsfakе/ГeIk/ otgenuine,ppeаringo be sth t s not:
fаkе dеsignеr lothingfit /Гlt/hеаlthy nd strong, speсiаl|yесаuse ou do
rеguаrphуsiсаeхerсisе
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eIderly 'еldэl i/ usеd bout person)Idfаslз iопablеГе.[nэЬ1/opu|аr r n а popu|аr tу|e
at he rme
Еethаl i:0l/ hаt аnсаUsе еаth r grеаt аmаge:|еthа| umеsli8tеlу 'laтkli/probаbIe r ехpeсtеd: likеlу
eхр|а ationmarit iвne'mtеrrtaпт/0nneсted ith hesеаоr
shrpsrвзiddle.agеd'mrdl ,еrd3d/(usеd boutа pеrson)
аgеd etwееn 0аnd 60yеаrs ldmysteriФrismr'stlэriэs/ hаtуoudo notUndеrstand
or сапnot Хp|а|n;trаngeоverlveigЕзtаovэ'wеlt/ oo hеavy r fаtste ,t i{aflskеptrkl/ otwiII ingo beIiеvehаt th 5
trUe r hаt b s е| l inghe ruthsсrшffу 'skr,tli/ dirtyаnd untidyseveyе st 'vtэ/ Хtrеme|уаdor sеrioussi. i ' tа{tsmo:t/ usеd bout pеrS0n)aving с|еаn
and tidy аppeаranе-, ou ooksmаrt'Аrеуougoing somеwh re spесi ?
stгaight strеrt/used bout air) ot n а сurVе r аtаn аng|e;n а strаighttn е
strаmg* strеInd3/ nusuа| r UnеХресtеdsшspiсiоь:ssэ spтJэs/eе| inghаt b hаsdoПe th
wrong, ishonеstr l|еgаIшgl'y, lg l i/ Unp|еа5аnto Iook t or istеno; no t
аttrасtIVеъ'iоleratvаrэlаnt/ еrу tr Ong nd mpos sib|еo
сontrOl: vio|е|1ttormrоiev9"wетvi/hаving urvеs; ot strаight.yяe Еhшiit wеl brlt/ usеd bout pеrson) ithа
strongolidbodywоуrieq*,wдrld/ hinkinghаt thbаdmight
hаppеп r hаshаppелedy*uзrзgisРв,tцlJ/ uitе oung
ldioms*n lrваydon a ship or аn аirсrаft: ll thepаssепgеrs
wеrеsаfе|уon boаrd'takе sth with а рinсh 0f raAt o hink hаt th s
probаblу ot rUе r ассUrаtеflзr iyedоf st з/ f dоiзтg th to bе borеdwithor
аnnoyed у sbAth/doing Ih |'msiсk аnd tired oJIistеning o thesamе thtngsоgоin аnd аgаin,
PhrasalYerbsbe imtо th o bе ntеrestеdn sth n аn асtivе аy:
Нe,s nto surJing n а big wау.
Unit 7Nounsadrеnalin э dгеnэlш/ U] substаnсеroduсеdn
thе bodуwhеn ouаrееxсitеd' frаid r rightеnеdа iеrnat;veэ:l 'tз:nэtrv/с] t0 sth] neof twoor
more hings hаtyouсаn сhOose еtwееn:,4/h.irсan еot as 0п а|tеrпаtivеo mеаt?
lз iрlanе balplетn/С] n еаr|y уpe f plаneWithtwo sеts f Wings
сiianсе /t.[о:ns/С] n opportunity: n this rip,
уou,ll gеt thе сhоnсе ogo pоrаglidtng,с[:аrасtеr 'kzегэktэ/ С] pеrsonn а book, tory,
еtс:Thеmаin сharlсter in thе t|m s о boу whomееts n aIIеn.
сharitу / t.[аerэti/С] n orgапisаtionhаtсoliесt5monеy o hе|p eopIe ho аrеpoor, iсk, tс. r todо цork hаt s uьеГu o ot ct \
сt i. i;зсidепсekэо'InsIdэns/С] woor morе imi|аrthings аppеningt hesаme imeby сhаnсе'п аsurpris ingаy
i:[iti{ ,krrtrk/ С] personwhosе ob is o givеhis/herpiniоn bout plаy' ook, i|m, tс '
i l is l]эei l ief'dтsbIi:t7 U] he eе| ing f лot bе| iеvingsil/sth
е;].(remГjaроrt /Ik stri:m spэ:t/ С] n ехсiting utdаngerousport, uсh s bungееumping
i]tlоd 1]дd/ С] |аrge moUnt f Wаtеrhаt hаssprеad romа ri ver, hе sеа, tс. hаt сovers nаrеаwhiсh houId е drу
gо /gэо/ С] n аttempto do sth: had o go аt|tхing t for уou,
jnhabitaв,з.t/ln'hzеЬItаnt/С] pеrson r аnimа| hаtl ivеs n а plaсe
jшmhо ei /,d3lmbэо .d3еtl[С] verу аrgе irсrаft
thаt аn саrry everaI undrеd аs5еngеr5iаyldвтэarkltеndmс:k/[С] n objeсt oftел
bui|ding)hаt аn bеsеen аsi|уroma distаnсеаnd hаtwiIlhe|р ou o rесognisеhеrе ouаr e
flос:;'Liоmlэо'kетJn/ С] piасeor position:hеехoсtloсоtion of thе hotе|
meсessitynэ sеsэti/ С] hе nееd or sth; hе асtthаt th mUSt e donеor must аppеn
Фp зФrt ,вmЁtуоpэ tju:nэti/ С] сhапсе o do 5ththаt ouwouId ike o do;а situаtiоn r а t imе nwhiсh t s possib|eo do sth hаt ouwou|d ikе odo
paсе pеIsi С'usu ing] hеspeed twhiсh ouwаJk,rUn, tс.or аt Whiсh th hаppens: е nсrеаsеd isрaсеas hеgot сlosеr o homе.
рiаtfоrазl plеt1Ъ:m/ С] hе plасеwhere ougetonor off rаins t а rаi|Wауtаtion
р|a.1plеr/
С]piесе
of writingpеrformеd
yасtorsin thе hеаtrе,r on tе|еVisiOnr rаdio1il'о6rе flеrрrэ pеlэ/ |С] dеviсеwith sevеrа]lа t
mеtа| агtsl l lзс iеsl hiсh urn ound еrу аst nordеr o mаke shipor а pIапеmovе
tiseьяekju:/ с] | inе f pеop|e,аrs, tс, hаt rеwаit ingor th0r o do st h
ralr'i{.v/гI'vju:/ С] nеwspаper r magаZine rtiс|е,Orаn |tem n the e|evisionr rаdio,n whiсh bgtves n opinionOna nеW ook, i|m, |aу, Iс Тhefi lmgol bаd rеviеt ls,Р ' l l I' ' \'
" iФti , g.ralэtПJ/U] ioIent еhаviour yа сrowd fpеop|еП pub|iс lасе, ftеn sа protеst:lot lЛgbrokеout n thесарitaI odоу. еrЬ, toI
гшгnlvaуг,tnwеI/ С] |ong iесeof groundwithаhаrd urfасe here irсrаftаkе ffапd |аnd 1 n
аirpoпsett ir lg 'sеtln/ С] hе posit ionth s n; hep|асe
аnd imе n whiсh thhаppenssвшrсеsэ:s/С] p|асe, eгson r thingwhere th
сOmеs r stаrtsromоr where th s obtаinеds зе€al efr$rсts'spе.[l tЪkts/ p|] nusuа| r
ехсit ing iесеs f асt iоn n f i|ms rТVprogrammеs,hаt reсreаted yсomputеrsrсlеVеr hotogrаphуo 5hOWhiЛg5hаtdo ЛotusUа|]yХist аppening
tеflrоry.tеrэ/ С,u] егygreаt еartry /tгaI/ С] n oссasion hеn ou ry o do 5th; n
аttеmpt: o on' Giуe t a try*тiпg wIц/ С] nеof the WO аrts hаt bird,
Insесt,tс,usеs or ly ing
Yеrbsаda'рli э'dаеpt/o сhаЛgе boоkоr p|ау O hаt t
саnbе mаdе ntoа piay,i lm, e|еvisiOrtprogrаmmе, IС тhе iIm wоsоdоpted rom аnovеl.nu П' ].|.lptаti]
hоозJribоk/ tOаrrangе o hаvеor do sth аt аpаrtiсUIarime.. boоkеd tablеbу thе window,
hтоadriт 'brэ:dn/ o nсrеаsеourехpеriеnсе,
knowIedge, Iс.. rаvе|brоаdеnsуour horizons,с@l.Ёvг]ykэn'Ver/o mаkе
'dеаs,thoughts,ее| ings,
etс, noWno 5bеiill.вiпaтe/тImInеIt/ o [emove b/sth hаt s Пot
wаnted r neеdеdJiар flеp/ o move sth) p аnd downor rom id е
to sidе, spесiаlIyn thеwiпdi. i lоvrf lэсl/ OmOVen a smooth пd сontinuous ay
(|ikе atеr)gatiт*r, gебэ/ to inсrеаsеn spееd, ize, orсe, tс:
тhep|ane gathеrеd pееd.gr; l iз greb/ 0 аke thWith 5uddепmovemеnti lеаd hеd/ hеаd ог th] o move n thеdirесtion
mеПtI еd
рun.lrлеl 'p,tml/ o hit sb^thwith both of yourс|osеd аnds fisLsl
l lеl]rtгl ' lal/ oпsl. l '/st lr]o nееd b/sth nd notbe аb|etO iVе r workpropеr|у ithout im/hеr/ it
rеrвтaiпrr'mеrn/o staуOr ontinuen thе5аmеp|асe r сoПdit i0n
llr:vеаl тrvi:l/ o mаke th knowЛ hat Wаs есrеt ruпknown eforе
rоar /rэ:/ o mаkеа |oud, eepsound:Thееnginesroоrеd,
sсrealттskri:m/ o shout r сry n а loudhigh oiсebeсаuseouаre rightеnedr n pаin
se' it е sеtl/ o goаnd Iivе ermаnеnt|уn а nеwс0Untrу, rеа' own,etс:Маnу mmigrаnts аvesеtt|еd n tht5 ountrу.
siоiгlspln/ o turnor mаke th urп ound uiсklysl isрeild sа рend/ o stop r de|аy th orа t imе:
ln the thеotrе we wi||tnglу uspend disbelieJ(= еmporаriIyе| iеvеhаt hесhаrасtеrs,tсаre еа|l.
:t*апsрФrttГiеn.spэ:t/ to tаkesb/sth romonеpiасe o anothеrn а vehiс|е to mаke b eе| hа thе/shes n а diffеrеnt |асe,imeor situаtion:heb1ok trаnsports ou to (1nothеrworld. гtсlrln..I .аl lJotJt i П
Adjeсtives: i mazв'igэ,mетzтr1/еry urpris ingnd diff iсuIto
bе|ievе;nсrеdible OtlI l:] l l l . lZСПlеЛtсrшсЕaЕ'kгu:Jl/ Хtrеmе|уmpOrtаntdisaрроiпting'dтsэ'pэтntrч/аking ou еe| аd
bесаU5еthWas otа5goоd, nteresting,tс. s
1ouhаdhopefl '
'L ''
lr|U
'j |d |5а ]рo lПt l е|l I
rГfес*ivеl 'fеktry/ uссessfu||yroduсinghe еsu|tthаt oUWаnt otl lt: l ieLt
fеd шp 'Ге d lp/ р.', ithl- ./nh/doirlgt l l1 ored runhаppy; irеdof sth. ,n Jed uр with wаiting orthерhoпе to rin8.
gigantiс d3aIgеntlk/ extremе|у ig*ltЕiv iошsэ,blrviэs/ оtnotiс ing r rеа| is inghаt s
hаppeninground ouшrigina[э,rтd3оnl/еwаnd ntеrеsting,ifferent
frоmother5 f ts ype lоt]| l:Г ] l lасlвl{Б"agеФLisaоt'rеld3эs/ hаt mаkes ouvеrуаngry
or shoсked
цlоъvе;.fu:'paoэfl/ hаving |otof сontroI rinfluеnсevеr ther eop|еlt lLtt l:с lt., l ,сг
.reaЕisttс'r i:э'hstrk/епsibIend undеrstаndingwhаt t s possibleoасhiеvеn а pаrt iсU|аrsituation
'еjuсt:.,]J,li{rI ,tktэnt/nOtWantingo d0 sth beсаUsеyouareЛot ure t s he ight hing o do
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speсtaсuIar sреk t8kjэlэ/ Verу mprеssiveo seеnoun: peсtас|е
supernaturaI su:pэ'nat.[rэl/ hаtсannOt]eexp|аinеd y hе |аws f sсiеnсе: upernaturllhаppenings n thеgravеуard
terrifying 'tеrrfaпч/ еry rightening oun: erroruneasу ,tn'i:zilworried; ot ее|ing еlаxed r
сomfo tа |еunwiIl ing ln,wIhЦ/ otWаntingo do sthbutoftеn
forсеd o do t bуother еople
vitaI /.valtl/vеry mportаnt r nесе55аrу
AdverhsаbsoluteIy юbsэlu:t1il omp|ete|y;ota||yсonsiderably kэn'sIdэrэbli/muсh,а |otextrеmeIy rk'stri:mli/ еrytait|у 'feэl,il Uitе; o somееxtеnthighIy 'haтli/ o а highdegree; еryrather 'ro:бэ/ uite; O ome ХtentsIightIy 'slaItli/ litt|etru|y 'tru:l i/ usedo emphаsise fеeIing,
stаtеmеnt)еа|y; omplete|у
ldiomsa сhange f heartа сhаngen youropinion r hе
way hаtyou ееIсhangе our mind o сhаnge ouropinion r
dесisi0n boUt b/sthfor a stаrt used o emphasise our irst еason or
s|h: .Whусаn't we8o on holidау?, .Wе|l'for a start
we саn,t aJford it.,have а good mind to do sth used o Sаy hatуou
think ouwi|| o sth, lthoughouаrеnot Ure
have a good/bad,et(. time to enjoу/not njoy, tс.
уoursе|foing thhave t both wаys to hаve hе аdvaniаgesf two
diffеrеntituаtionsr Wаys f bеhаVinghаt rе
impossib|eo сombinе: ou an'thаve t bothwауs. f уou саn аfford to go out аlI thе timе,уouсаn аJford to pоу ofJ уour debts.
in addit ionаs we|| sbe in tunе (with b/sth)o bе n аgreеmеnt i th
sb/sth;o hаvе hеsаme pinions,ееlings,tс. s
sbAthIeavea mark on sb to hаVе n effесthаt pеop|е
wi||notiсе nd remembеr: hе timе hе spеnt nprison еJt its mоrk on him.
Iiveа l itt le o enjoу || hеopportunit ie5f I ife ulIy:
I want to live 0 little bet'ore ettling down аndgеttingmаrriеd.
take sb'sword for it to beIievеWhаt bsаysWithout
аnуproof
Phrasalvеrbshasesth on sth to useаn dеа, faсt, situаtion, tс
as hеpoint romwhiсh th anbе dеve|opеd:hЬ
Jilm is bаsed on a truе storу.bIow(sbisth) p to еxpIodе r bе dеstroуеdn аn
explosion: hесоr blеw up whеn hе doorwos
openеd.give sth/sЬawаy to shoW r tе|| hetruthаbout
nhAb whiсhWаs есrеt: don't \4/аnto sее hе
movie now that уou'уеgiven the еndingаwоу.have sth out (with b) o trу o sеtt|e n argumеnt у
disсussingr аrguing bout t open|уsum (sth) p tо dеsсriben а fеwwords hеmain
idеаs f whаtsb hаssаidor writtеn: o sum up,
Ihеrе tе thrее рIions еrе' .tаke off (usеd boutаn аirсrаft)o |еаvеhе ground
Unit 8NounsaIarm э o:m/ U] suddeneеling f еаr r worrуappliсant /':еphkэnt/ С] pеrsonwhomаkеs
formаl еquеstor sth аppliеsor th), spесia||yforа job, p|асе t а сo||egе,nivеrsity,tс .
appIiсation аеph'kеl.[n/С] ormа|writtеn еquеst,еspeсiа||уorа jobor а p|асen а sсhoo|,|ub, tс:
аn аppliсаtion ormaptitude/ :эptItju:d/ с] for th) nаturа| bilityorski l l
сonсern kэn'sз:n/ С,U] fеe| ing f Worrу; th hatсausеsWorry
сountryside kдntrisard/ U, ing] hе аnd whiсh sаwаy rom owns nd сit iеs, hеrе herе rе iеlds,woods, tс.
eаvesdroppеr i:vzdropel [С] omеonеwho sесretlyIi5|еnso WhdI lherpеopIe reьа1ng
e.book / i:buk/ [с]аn е|есtroniсook,novе|, tс.enquirу /m'kwaIэri/[С] questionhаtуoUask
аbout sth:Poliсеhаve beenmaking еnquiries intothе wom0 n,s d sа pеа аnсе'
eхpedition/'еkspэ'dr.[n/ С] |ong ourney or аspес|а|Urposе
|ear lГюl С] fееling f bеingafrаidof sb/sthfirewaIl ГaIэwэ:l/ с]а сompUtеr rogrаm hаt s
dеsignedOproteсthе nformаtiontored n thесomputеr
host /hэ<;st/С] pеrsonwho nvitеs uestsohis/hеr ousе, tс, ndprovidеshеmwith ood,drink, tс .
inquest /'lчkwest/[С] n offiсiаl roсеSShаt ri eS ofindouthow b diеd
issue 'r.[u:/С] prob|еm r subjесtor disсussionjob satisfaсtion d3оb sаеtIs,firkJn/U] he ееling
of pIeаsurеhat OU еt romdoing our ob wе|lor асhiеving hаt ouWant
light /lalt/1 [U,с] he еnеrgy r brightnеsshаt hеrеis rom hesun, |аmp, tс. solnеthin8hа tproduсesight,or eхаmplе n eIeсtriсаmp
Iighting alt lч/ U] hе quа|ity r typе f I ights sеdin а room,bui|ding, Iс.: есuritу ighting
maternity |eave mэ'tз:nэti i:v/ [U] he pеriodoft imеwhеn Womаns away romherwork nordеr o hаvе a babу: ogo on/tаkе mаtеrnitу|еоvе
meаsure .mе3э/ С] n асtion hаt sdone orаspес|aIеаson
might /maIt/ U]greаt trength r powеr
(the)Milky Waу /.mIlki: wеr/[sing]he system fstаrshаt ontаins ur sunаnd tsp|аnеts,ееn sа bright аnd n thеnight ky
model 'modl/ [С] сopy f sth, suа|lyma||еrhа nthеoriginаl: modеl оilwау/villаge
nаture neitjэ/ U] || hеp|аnts,nima|s,tс. n
the univеrsendаll he hings hаthappеn n tthаtarenOtmаdе r саusеd ypеoplе
perсentаge pэ sеntтd3/ С] hе numbеr, mount,rаtе, tс.of sth,еХprеsseds f it is pаrtof а totаlwhiсh s а hundrеd; pаrt r shаrе f а who|е
pеrsonaI tatеmеnt pз:sэnl stеltmэnt/ С]Ietter ontаiningхtrаnformаtionbout oursе|f
thаt oU еndwithа ob аppliсаtionpole /pэol/ [С] ithеrof thе wo points t the eХaсt
top аnd bottomOf hе eаrth: hеNorth/south olеproportion /prэ'pc:Jn/ U] ofsth to 5th) pаrtor
shаrе of а who|e: lаrgeproportion of thе еarth,ssurJасe s сovered у seа.
reсord / rekэ:d/[С] ofsth) Writtеn сс0unt f Whathаshappened, eendonе,e|с:The ompоnуhаsan ехсеllеnt sаIetу rесord.
refеrenсe 'rеfrэns/ С] stаtemеnt r |еttеrdеsсribingpеrson,shаrасtеrr abil ity hаt sgivеn o а possibIeutureеmp|oуer:hаd tosupplу two ret'erеnсеsеJore heуgavеmе thе ob.
retirement rl'talэrnэnt/ U] he асt of stoppingworking ermаnеn||у:dесided o tаkееаrlyretirеmеnt - to stopWork аr|ierhаnyounееd
to).spaсe spеIs/ [С'U] а pIасе r аn arеа hat s not
вed ls thereеnough spасе or mе to pаrk thеrе?2 [U] hеаrеаwhiсh urroundshe p|аnеt аrth
аndothеr |аnetsnd stаrs: pасе rаVeIterm /tз:m/ [С] а wordor grоupof wordswith а
pаrt iсuIаr еаning а pеriod f t ime ntowhiсh
sсhooI r universitуеаr s dividеdtrek /tтеk/ С] long hаrdwа|k, аsting evеraI аys
or weeks' ьuа||уn Ihemoun|аinq(the)unknown/.,tnnэоn/ [sing] p|асе r thing
thаt ou knownothing bout
Verbsadvertise 'аedvэtaПl o puI nformаtionn а
nеWspаpеr,n tе|evision,n а piсturе n hеWа||,еtс. n ordеr o pеrsuаdе еop|eo buy th, ointerеsthеm n а new.job,tс .
аffeсt /э fekt/ o mаke b/sth hangеn а pаrtiсuIar
Wаy; o influenсе b/SthappIy э'p1aт/аpp|уto b/sth)or sth) o mаke
formaI еquеst,suаllyn writ ing,or 5th uсh sаjob, p|асe t с0||е8е.niVrrЬilу '|r ,
bIаme ЬlеIm/ o thinkor sау hаtsb/sth srеsponsibleor sthbаd: ' e's lwауsb|аmеd er
for thе brеоkup f thеirmаrriоgе. oun:b|аmесause kc:z/ o mаke thhаppendеstroy /dl'strэr/ o damаgе th so bаdIy hаt t саn
no Iongеr е used r no Iongеr xistsearn /з:n/ o gеtmonеyby working:o eаrn а high
5ola у
enсIose rn'klэozl Io pUI th n thе 5ame nvelopе,pасkаgе, tс.аs sthe|sе: lеasе еturn hесonplеtеdJorm, enсlosingа rесentphotograph.
exeсutе progrаmф'еksIk.ju:t/o perform taskexpose rk'spэt ' lz/o show th hаt 5usuа||уiddеn;
to te|l th hаt hа5bееnkеpt есrеtgain /gern/ o grаduаlly еtmoreof sth togаin
сonfi dеn се/strе gth ехpе еnсеinсorporatе rn,kэ:pэrеt/ o mаkе thа pаrt0f 5th
еlsе; o hаve th asa part
isolate /.alsэlеIt/o pUtor keep b/sth еpаrаteromother eoplе r things
motivate mэr-itIvеrt/sb o dо sth) o саUsе b to
асt n а pаrt iсU|аrауpartiсipate po:'trsrpеrt/in sth) o takеpаrtor
beсomenvo|vеdn st hplan /plюn/1 to deсidе, rgаnizе r prepаrеor sthyoUWаnt o do n he futurе to ntеnd r eхpeсt
to do sth3 to mаkе dеsign r аn out| inеor thpriоritise lpral'ътetalzl o put asks, rob|еms,tс .
in ordеr f mportаnсе'o hat ou саndeа|with
thе most mportаnt irstpursue/pэ'sju:/ o do sth ortry o асhiеvе th oVеr
periodof time:Shewishes opursueо mediсаlсarееr.
reсruit /rr'kru:t/ o find nеWpеop|еo join асompаny,n orgаnisаtion,heаrmеd orсеs, tс.
rеduсe rr dju:s/ o mаkе th |еss r smа||еrnqUаntity,riсе, ize, tс.
request rr kwest/ o formа|lу sk or sth
f
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s}эeс,tliatе,spеkjulеrt/ to formап opinionaboutsthWithout пowiпg || hedеtаi|5r асts to bU ygOods, ropеrty'hаres, tс 'hopingo mаkеprotrt hеn 0U е||hеm, UtWith hе risk fI05|Пg0neу
stalxd st8nd/ ,1to bе oл your eеt' o bе n а vertiса|posit ion to be n а pаrt iсU|аr|асе:heсаstlе5tапds n thesite f аn аnсiеnt аtt|еfiе|d.usedеspeсiа||yith апiсoLl] o say hаt lэ/sthаn5urViVethor toIerаtеb/sth ithout eing urtordаmаged n алу wаy: 1ls е0rt aп,t tand hеstrоin or muсh |ongеr.
sшpрiу sа,рlat/0 providеb/sth ith th hаt heyneеd r WаПt:о suppIy rеtеrenсе
traр /tr:rp/ o kееp b n а dangеrous|асе r а bаdsituаtioпromwhiсhhe/shеаnnOt sсаpе
шmlеash nn li:'[/ o |еt oose strongorсe hаthаSаn еffесt, suаJIynp|еаsаnt
vаmisFвvаеnr.[/o disаppeаruddеniy r n а wа y
thаt ouсаnnot хp|аln
Adjесtivеsaьrtivirшgаеnti airэs/а progrаm hаtprotесts
с0mpUtergаin5tn5trUсtiOЛsesignеdo саusеtаUItsr destroу аtа
сФуmtr}шter.iiterаiekэm pju:tэ lrtэгэt/ b|e o usеа с0mputеr
liФш.]\ylешйФ5Зtkэn vi:niэnt/suitаb]e r prасtiсаIor аpаrt iсU|аrUrposе;ot аusing iff iсultу
сшl,t'l'iшсed,kэnvInst/сomp|еtе|yurеаbout thrf leсtc.oniсr. lеk тpnlk/hаving r usingmаny mа||
раrts,uсh s miсroсhips,hаt 0ntro|nd direсtsmа|| |есtriсUrгеnt: ll eleсtroniс о|сu|оtor
flig8тtlalt/ not hеаvy
,tъа еvоiеntmэ lеvэlэnt/ hаving r showingdеsirе r tеЛdеЛсyo hаrmФtlti'trа ,tsigп' 'aоtu,эd sarn/ on|у еt'orе noun)
0n thе0Utside
iэоlar .pэolэ/ f or neаr he North r South o| еredunсiапtгl 'd lndэnt/ usеd bout mpJoyees)o
longеr ееdedorа jobаnd hеreforeUtOfWOrk:З0 mеmbеrт f stаJfhаvеbеenmаde rеdundаnt
sflmаrtphОПе],smo:t эon/с|ever,nte|| igеntяоpirist iсatedsэ.f i tIkеIt ld/ dvаnсеdnd
сompI саtеdvш neyаhievl lnэrэbl/ wеаk nd еasy o hurt
Adverbsсecв,reP,itfl {kдrэntli/ аt prе5еnt, t thе momеnt
ldiomsош hаurd vаi|аblе,spесiа||yo he|p: mergenсу
serviсеswеrеon hand with mediсrllаdviсе.hе рoЕеs Б0aг.to bеwidely еpаrаted;o hаvе o
interеstshаtyoushаrе:Нer own riendswerepolеs оport from his'
Phrasal еrbsс4в, е B vith th to tindаn аnswer r а so|utionо
sIh:Еnginееrs аveсome up with nеw wоуs ofsavlпgenеrgу.
|щok оrwав"t[о siflзiсio mgt т o Wаitwith p|еаsurеfor sth о hаppen: Iook orwаrd to hеаring romуou.
' ia яeth olр 0 stаrt r begin h suсh sа nеw
ob :Shе took up thе post lаst wеek'
Unit 9Nouns
.'strФftФElilев"/эtrnnаmэ/[С] pеrsonwho studiеsа5trOorny
|hreedbтi:d/ С] pаrt iсu|аrаriеtу f апimа|:rаrеbreеd of соtt|е
r:аfukеb/ [С]а taхi ; Не drivеsа blасk саb inLondon.
сшntсep.t,kоnsеpt/с] n deа; bаsiс rinсipIe:Iis difJiсu|t ogrlsp thе сonсеptof etеrnitу,
сuпьзe(tiоп,akэ пеk.[п/ С] n аssoсiаtioлrrе|аtionshipetweеnwo or morеpeop|е r hings
сr:mitelrт'kоntеkst/, С] he situаtionn whiсhsthhаppепs r hаt аuses th o hаppеn: is dесisionсап onlу bе understood n сontехt'
соуlеla,tiou,l'1rоrэ'lеI.[п/С] сonnесtton etweentwo hingsn whiсh nе hing hаngеs 5 heothеrсloes.. herе s а dirесt сorrelаtion bеt|,уееnехрosurе О thе sUn апd skin саnсer.
fФrtlЛmefэ:t.[u:n/С] vеrу аrgе moUntOfm0nеу: femode o fortune on thе stoсkm(]rkеt.
hiрросаlttршs'hIpэ kеmpэs/ |С] tесhniсаl) itherof the \,voreаs f the brаin hоughtObе heсentrе t emoti0n nd memory
krаоrviесЕgeno1rd3/U] nformаtion,nderstаndingаnd ski||shаt оu hаve аinеdhrough еаrningrеХper|еnсесljс:сi ir,с 'поrl1еdgеаllJе
Jсlm3tetllп;ti1е l]ФrT1oц tз:m .mеnlэri/[с]pаrtof
thе brаinwhеrеmеmoriesrе toredсвтgitшс еlоnd3ltu:d/ U] hе distаnсе f а p|асе
еаst r Wеst f а | inе rom hе North o|еo thеSouth o|ehаtраssеshrough reenwiсhnLondon. ongitudеs meаsuredn dеgreеs.
пnelxrс]rY'mеmэтi/ С,U] pеrson's biIitу orеmеmbеrhing5:' lоыrа. mэ:t| [t a humаnbeingmarliЕaitioll,niеvlgеrJn,/U]1 thеасt of using
mаp, tс o findуourWаy O o mеWhеrеtheас tof sаiI ing boаt |oлg river r асross seа
орр*rtшniЁ.ql'оpэ tju:nэti/ С] сhаnсе o do sththаt oUWoUId ikе o do,а situаtion r а t imе nwhiсh t s possib|eo do sth hаt ouwou|d ikе odo:I haveа golden opportunitу to 8o to Аmеriсаnow that mу sistеr i vеs thеrе
rаmge relnd5/ С] vаriеtу f things hаt be|ongothesаmegroup: hls shoр hаs а widе rаngeofс|othes.
rеseаrсhеrrr sз:tJэ/ С] pегson hostudiessub1есtаrеfu||y,speсiа||yn ordеr 0 disсovеr
ncц Jаtl lor nIo.mаtionbouт tt. ivа0raIvl/ С] person r hing hаt sсompeting
wtth oushiрwreсk Jrprеk/ с,U] п ассidелt t sеа n whiсh
а ship sdestroуеdyа storm' oсks, tсаnd sinkssшtзjeсt's,tbd3Ikt; slbd3еkt/ [С] n аreаof
know|еdgеtudiеdn а sсhoo|'o||еgе,tс .th@ 'qg|тi i0J:t/ С] п dеа r opinion diесt ivс:
I lо Llgh I L l
iv$ist tw]st/ С] n unеxpесtеdhаnge rdevе|opmеntn а story r s ituаtion
wist оя';tvIzdэm/ U] heаbiI ityo mаkе еnsi b]еdесisionsnd udgеmеntseсаusе f уourknow|еdger ехperiеnсе
flloPr {i тg,} rm sf.уrvз:kIц ,mеmэгi/ С,U] раrtofthеbrаin hаt torе5nformаtioпorа short im е
Verbs:ili0jl]liг"еэ'k\\lalэ/ o obtаinor buy sthassL.,tnзсэ sju:m/ o ассept r bеiiеvе hаtsth 5 rUe
еvеn hough ou hаve o proof;o ехpесt th o bеtrue
;l lе't bi:t/ o defeаt b; o bе bеtterhаn b:Hea|1,у0уseаtsme 0t tеnпis.
:i].lliсеin:tralt'konsntrеlt/ o givеаlIyourаttentionor еfforto sthпоLll l:Oll(е 1-.]t iОП
с.lшTшsеkэn'1ju:z/o mаkе b unаb|eo hinkсlеаr|y r to kЛ0WWhаt o do rlоLr: сotlfLt-чiоп'ас]]есtе: опtLtsit l .q
itm;lgi iтeI,miсd3rn/o ormа piсturе r deа n yourmindof whаt th/sbmight e I ike оLlrl:
' , ' , | l ' ' n' ' ] , ' '| r |Г lg' ',
.0ir]'i|р*rfФЕ:r]aUtpэ'lЪ:m/ o асhiеve еttеr esultsthа sb/sth
pесfltреk/ usеd bout bird) o eаtor bitе thWithitsbeаk
гrе.теailr.r i:l/ to mаke th known hаtWаs eсrеtOIunknown еforе
"'еrryarгlrr wэ:d/ sllW lr \th] o givе th o sbbесаusеe/she аsdone thgood'worked аrd,еtс.
tel l] tе1/o dist inguishnе hing r personro mаnother:сZ?л ou tell the differenсebetween thеtwo versions?
.tеrзсl/tеnd/ o usuа|lу o or bе sth
Adjeсtivesсomдз iсarledknmplrkеrtrd/iff iсuIto undеrstаnd
оr dеаiwitht.:о..l[шsedkэn fiu:zdl not аb|е o thiлk с|еаrlуt iaft do:f l/ s i l ly; oolish
olLцnl|цd,tm/ not ntе igent; tupidfаlircqшs,Геrmэs/foгsLhlWе|l nown o mаnу
peo |еgш[ it iз ie'q,t lэbl/usеd bout pеrson)eliеving
аnd rU5tingeop|еoo еаsi ly, nd hеrеforeаsi|уtriсked
j,i.еgа]triii.jenеgэtlv/ сonsidеring nlу hе bаd sidеofsth/sb' асkingnthusiаsmr hope
t,amсi]о:mrеndэm/ сhosеn y сhаnсеrarе rеэ/ otdone, ееn, аppеning'tс. еrу ftеnsigшi$.iсamtsIgnrГlkэnt/mportаntг |аrge nough
to bе notiсеdstlarf] imgsto:t lI / xtrеme|уnusuа| nd
su prising: stа l ng сon rаst/d сovеrуgur.rеaЕsэ гi:эl/ еry trаngе; ith mаgеsmiхеd
togеthеrn а strаГ]gеауas n а dreаmтiv rj .v lr,Id/ аving r produсing strong,Iеаr
p]сtUrеnyourmind
Advеrbstieагj dеd/сomp|еte|у,Хасt|уr Vеrу: hе lIm wоs
deаd boring.rеlsе.шlhе:,е'еlswеэ/ n or t0 аnothеr |асei Ll i rгвaе ii / mtпrrэtli/ с|osеIу,n m а eу
сonneсtеd/|nkedt'среaLtееi|yrт'pi:tIdl i/ аnу imеs; gaiп nd аgaiп
@
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ldioms: , :.с idеnt n а rvayhаt s noi p|aпned r
..: . sеd:Wemеtbу оссidеnt t thеaIrрort
:: i. сontest sеd 0 sаYthat nе ide n а.. r. i it iоn sso muсh trongеrr bеttеrhаП hе..l тhаt t s surе owinеаsi lу
:: 't l n thе |east otat a||: tdoesn'tm(lttеrn he
:: ^е t out on sb to bеhаvе аd|уowаrdsDjесаUsе
oU rеаngry rupsеt bout th
Phrasal еrbsсarrу out sth to do a task, rеpair, |с..o сa|rуout
tеsts/an nvest gaпon
зiYesthup/give p doingsth o stOp oing th hа t
rou did regu|аrly etore: hegаveup work o start
а fоmi|у.takeаftersb to ookor behаvеikеаn oIdеr
membеr f уour amilу, spесiа|ly parеnl. amеs
tаkе|aJter his аthеr.takе sth baсk o аdmit hаt th oU аidWаsWrong:
Youd bеttеr аkеbасkwhatуou sаidаboutmу
сookingtаkesth n to understаndhat ou еe, еаr r rеаd:
I was toо ti|еd to take n whatshе wassaуlng.
take sthon to ассept rеsponsibiI itуr dесidеo dosih..Не's takеnon о lot of eхtrа work.
take to sb stаrt ikingsblslh: didn,t akе o Kаtе's
nеw boуfriеndat а|l.
work sth out 1 to find hеаnswеr o sth; o soIve
slh: сan'tworkout howto do this.2 Io са|сUlatе
sih:I workedout the total сost.
Unit 10Nounsaсtress 'zеktrэs/ С] womаnwhose ob s 0 асt In
а plаy r i|m r on tе|еvisioп
arrangedmarriаge э,rеrnd3d marтd3/ [С]mаrriаgеп whiсh hе pаrentshoosehe husbаnd
оr wifе or hеir hi ld
buII Ьol/[С] n аduItmа|е f theсow аmilу
сlown /klaon/ [С] pеrsonWhoWеаrsUnnу |othе5
anсl big ednosе nd does il ly hingso make
peoplеаugh, spесiа||yhildren
сouple / klp1/ [С] wo pеOplеWhoarе ogethеr
bесausehеу re mаrriеd r n a re|ationship:
mаrriеdсouplесourtship/'kc:tJтp/ С] hе rе|ationshipetwееn
mаnаnda Woman еforeheygetmаrr|еd
сow /kao/ [С] |аrgееmа|е nimа| hаt s kеpt n
farms o produсе il k
divide /dl'vaтd/ С,ususing] diffеrеnсе еtween
twogroup5 f peoplehаt еpаrаtеshem ro m
eасh thеrdoubt /daot/ [U]unсеrtаinty:hеrе,s o doubt thаt
Jаn witl ring whenshе's еаdу.
fame/fеlm/ U] еing nown r tа|kеd bout у
manуpеoplе eсаusef Whаt ou hаvе сhiеvеd
figure /,ГIgэ/С] wеll-known r аn Important
pеrson:d kеу igurе n thеstorу
grind graInd/ sing]nасtiv ityhаt s ir ing nd
boring nd thаt аkes |otof timе: hedаi|уgrind
habit /'hаеbrt/С] omеthinghatуoUd0 oftеnаnd
almostWithouthinking,speсiа||yth hat s hаrd
to stopdoing:Don'tmokеo hаbit oJ сomtng
hОmе o atе.
hеro htэrэu/ С] person ho s аdmired,
еspeсial lуor having one thdiff iсuItr good
heroine 'herэотn/С] womаnwho sadmirеd,
еspесiа| lуor hаving onе thdiff iсult r good
inteIIigenсe m'tе1rd5эns/U] he аbility o
understаnd,еаrn nd hink
king /krч/[С] thе itIеof)a manWho u|еs
сountry. king s usuallуhе 5on0r сlose еlаt ivе
of thе ormеr u|еr.
knaсk /nrэk/ С] skillor аbiIitу o do sth diffiсult)
thаtyouhаvenаturаlly r yoUсаn|earп.,ou,vеgot a rеal knасk with thеsmaIl сhildren.
l ion /. larэn/ С] |аrge nimа| f theсat аmi|y hа t
l ivеsn Afriса nd pаrts f southеrn siа. 4аleiоns
hаvе largе mount f hаirаround hеirhеаd nd
nесK аmаne].I ioness larэnеs|(] [cmа|eio n
liv ing 'lwтц/ sing] onеy o buy hings hаt ou
neеd n Iife:Нowdoeshe mаkе а living out of
сlеaning thеstrеet'?
loуalty /'1эlэlti/ U,С]а strong eеling hаtyouwant
to be loуаlIo sb:a саsеoJ dividеd loуаIties
(_ withstrong eelings f support or wo diffеrеnt
сausеs, еoрlе, tс.)
nephеw /'nеfiu:/ С] hе sоnof yourbrothеr r
sistеr,r hе sonof уourhusbаnd.sr wifе.s
brothеr r sistеrnieсe /ni:s/ С] he dаUghtеr f yourbrothеr r sistеr,
thеdаughtеrf yourhusbаnd'sr Wifе.s rothеr r
siStеrprinсe /prтns/ С] sonor othеr |osеmаlе е|аtivе
of a king r qUеen
prinсess 'prrn'ses/ С] dаughter r other |ose
fеmаle е|аtivef а king r qUeеn
quеen kwi:n/ С] hе еma|eu|er f а сountry
rеsearсh rI sз:tJ/ U] detаilеd nd саrеfuI tudy f
sth o findoutmorе nformаtionbout t
romanсe /rэо,mitns/ [С,U] |ovе ffаir
saсrifiсe 'sakrIfars/ С] o giveUp sth hаt s
importаntr vаIuаb|еo уou n ordеr o gеtor do
sth hаt eеmsmorе mportаnt
shepherd ,Jеpэd/ с]аpersonwhosе ob s 0 |ook
after hееpengineer/еnd3r.nIэ/С] personwhosе ob s o
dеsign uildor rеpаir ngtnes, асnlnes,tс. n а
building it е
Verbsсonquer 'koчkэ/ o suссeedn сontrol l ingr
dеaIing itha strongеeling, roblеm, tс .
deсeive/dl si:v/ O rу o mаkе b bеlieve th hаt s
noт ru еen(ourage/In'kшId5/ o givеhopе, Upport r
сonfidеnсеo sb
еnroI /m'reo1/o bесome r to mаkе bа mеmbеr
of a сlub'sсhool, tс: ,ve nrollеdon an ltаItaп
сoursеeхсе| rk'sеl/ o lэе erуgoodаt doing thfai| /ГеIl/o bе unsuссеssfuln sth
make/mеIk/ sbdo sth) o forсе b/stho do sth:yoU
соn'tmokе hеrсomewith us f shе doesn'twant to.
promote /prэ'mэot/ o аdvertisе th n ordеr o
inсrеаsеts а|еs r mаke t popu|аr
roсket /'rоkrt/ o inсreasе r rise eryquiсk|y:hey
roсkеted to 'аmеwith thе re|еasе f thеir irst
album.suссeed sэksi:d/ innh/doing th) Omаnаgеo
асhiеvе hаt оUWant;Odo Wе||
Ad eсtivesсonfliсting/kэn flIktrц/ usеd bout wo dеаs,
bеliеfs,tories,tс.) nаbleo ехistOgеthеrr o
bе both I uc: onfliсting moLionу
сonfused kэn'Гju:zdl otаb|е o hink leаr|y
disсerning dr.sз:пlц/b|е o rесognisеhe quaIttу
of sb/sthfed up /.fеd lр/ {with b/sth)orеd r unhаppy;
tiredof sthjaded 'd3еIdrd/irеd nd bored fter oiпg hе
sаmе hing ora |ong imewithout brеаkkeеn ki:n/ оn th) еrу nterestеdn sth,Wаntlngo
do sthperсеptive pэ sеptrv/ uiсk o notiсe r understаnd
th gssiсk /sтk/ Of b/nh) eelingborеdor аnnoуеd
bесаuse ou hаvеhаd oo mUсhof sb/sth:,m o
sick of mу ob.
surprised sэ'prarzd/eeling r showing urрrise:
wаssurprisеdbу hеr reасtion o thеspеесh,
trained /trеrnd/hаving ееn аUghto do sthwhiсh
wаsdi{f iсu|tr nеedеd rасtiсe
worth /wз:0/enjoyаblе r usefuIo do or hаvе, vеn
if it mеаns Хtra ost, ffort' tс.: t takes long
time to сlimb the hill, but thе viеwJrom the top s
worth it.
Adverbsсompared/kэm,pеэd/ tоsb/sth)n сontrаstWlth
slэ/sth
iolIу /'dзo1i/ informо|)еrу:
ldiomsfaII n love ( lv ith b) o stаrt еe| ing strongeеIing
of deеp ffeсtionor sb hаt oU rе eХUаllу
аttraсtеd0lose your mind to goсrаzу
make un of sb/sth o аugh t sb/sthn аn unkind
waу:The older сhi|drenаrе аlwауs mоking Jun of
his оссent
snаpdeсision deсisionhаt s аkеn uiсk|ynd
suddenlу'ftеnwithout nyсarеfuIhoUght
stroke of Iuсk а single uссessfu|сtionor еVent: t
wоsа stroke of luсk thаt | 'oundуou hеrе
takе advаntageof sth to mаkeusеof sthWе||,0
mаkеusе f аn 0pp0riunitу
turn your baсk on sb/sth o refusеo bе nvolved
With b/sth: е turnedhis bасk on his саreerand
wеnt to livе in the сountrу.
Phrasal еrbsbreakup (lvith b) o епdа rе|аtionshipith b
сlownaround o асt n а funny r oоlish ау
find sth out to disсover th
Iookbaсk (on th) o hinkаbout th п уoUr аs t
look through th o rеаd thquiсk|y
make for sb/sth o movе owаrds b/sthmake up for sth to do sth hаtсorreсts bаd
situаtion: 1ow an I mаke up for the horm l've
done?opt out (ofsth) o сhoose ot o tаkеpаrt n sth; 0
dесideo stop еingnvo|vеdn sth
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8/12/2019 New Matrix Upper Intermediate
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/new-matrix-upper-intermediate 152/152
New
Matrlx new edition of the сhalIenging seсondarу сourse whiсh
PrePares students for suссess in their sсhool.leaving exams.
Popular eatures mprovedand updatedin гesponse o teaсheгs'feedbaсk:... thought-pгovokingopiсs and authеntiс еxts. l. dеmandingmatегia|so build onfidеnсе
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- spеаking n a гangеof invo|ving ubjесts
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