New Holland Tier IV Solutions

• Emissions History

• New Holland Emission Solutions

• Research and Development

• New Holland Engines

• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

• Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

• Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation/Diesel Particulate Filter (CEGR/DPF)

• Under 100 HP Applications

Agenda

Emission History

• Since 1996 Emission targets have been set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States, (CEPA) in Canada and by the (EU) in Europe.

• The primary focus for these targets are the reduction of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM).

• The reduction in PM and NOx is being implemented using a two prong approach. The first step is /Tier 4a and the second step is Tier 4b.

• Tier 4b in 2014 mandates a 90% reduction in PM and NOx over today's current Tier 3 regulations.

Particulate Matter (PM) – is mainly

composed of small carbon particles and

other toxic substances created during

incomplete fuel burning process, i.e. low

combustion temperature.

When inhaled repeatedly, the small

particles in diesel exhaust may

aggravate asthma and allergies or cause

other serious health problems including

lung cancer.

Source EPA website

Particulate Matter

Emission History

NOx – Nitrogen Oxides are the main

cause of acid rain and ozone layer

reduction. At high combustion

temperatures (usually above 2912°F),

Nitrogen (N2) and Oxygen(O2)

combine and react producing Nitrogen

Oxides (NOx) .

Nitrogen Oxides

Emission History

Emissions History

Compliance Effective Dates

Horsepower

Categories

Category One

Category Two

Category Three

Emissions History

175-750HP Chart Shown

Emissions History

During the combustion process within an engine, the chemical energy is transformed in to mechanical energy.

Due to the impurity of fossil fuel during this combustion process several toxic substances are produced. These substances are primarily: Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM).

The primary focus is on the reduction of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM).

Play Animation

9

Adjusting For Emissions

SCR CEGR/DPF

g/k

Wh

Fuel Consumption

Engine Adjustment

Particulate Matter

(PM)

Nitrogen Oxides

(NOx)

Adjusting For Emissions - SCR Solution

PM

(g/k

Wh

)

0.2

NOx (g/kWh)42.0

Tier4iTier4

0.4

0.02

Optimized combustion produces a high quantity of NOx and a very reduced amount of PM.

Consumption is reduced.The post-treatment system reduces NOx

Starting point – Current Tier

3 vehicle

Adjusting For Emissions - CEGR

Solution

PM

(g/k

Wh

)

0.2

NOx (g/kWh)

Starting point – Current Tier

3 vehicle

42.0

Tier4iTier4

0.4

0.02

Diesel Particulate filter

(DPF)

The exhaust gas recirculation system reduces combustion temperature, lowering the production of NOx but increasing the particulate levels

The level of PM is reduced usually using filter systems in the exhaust

Questions?

Emissions History

Research and Development

17 Plants

a network of dealers in

over 100 countries

14 R&D centres

FPT is one of the worlds largest engine manufactures

Last year FPT built 2.6 million engines

FPT employs over 19,000 employees

Over 100,000 SCR engines have been built since 2006.

Global Presence

Research and Development

FPT Engine Partner

Mobile and Stationery industrial,

Material Handling

MEDIUM & HEAVY DIESEL ENGINE FAMILIES APPLICATIONS

F5C, Nef, Cursor Agricultural

Construction Equipment

F1A, F1C, F5C, Nef,

Cursor, Vector

Power Generation

Marine

RailwayVector

F5C, Nef, Cursor

F5C, Nef,

Cursor, Vector

F1C, Nef,

Cursor, Vector

Extensive Research and Development Conducted in Burr Ridge IL

New State of the Art engine test labs

Committed to Cutting Edge Technology

Ensuring the Highest Level of Quality

Research and Development

6.7L 8.7L 12.9L

125 hp – 230 hp 235 hp – 350 hp 400 hp – 500 hp

550 hp – 600 hpTwo Stage Turbo

New Holland Tier IV SCR Engines

Questions?

New Holland Tier IV SCR Engines

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

• SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) – Reduces NOx by injecting DEF (DEF-Diesel Exhaust Fluid) into the exhaust stream.

20

SCR Components

DEF Tank - Size dependent on application. Contains Heating element, Fluid level indicator and Temperature sensor.

Supply Module - Supplies DEF from tank to SCR injector. Manages pressure and quantity to SCR injector.

SCR Injector - Injects and meters DEF into exhaust stream.

SCR Chamber – DEF mixes with exhaust gas and reacts with catalyst in SCR chamber. This is where the chemical reactions takes place.

FPT Engine – Developed for Tier 4 and optimal combustion chamber performance.

NOx Sensor– Senses the amount of NOx leaving the SCR Chamber.

Exhaust gases leave turbo outlet and travel to DEF Injector location.

DEF Supply Module maintains constant supply of fluid to DEF injector.

DEF injector supplies a light mist of fluid into exhaust stream.

DEF vaporizes in exhaust stream and converts to ammonia and carbon dioxide. (The basic elements of DEF).

Exhaust, ammonia, and carbon dioxide pass into the SCR chamber.

In the SCR Chamber the carbon dioxide is neutralized and the ammonia reacts with NOx.

During the reaction harmless nitrogen vapor and water vapor is released thorough the exhaust pipe.

Play Animation

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

SCR engines breath cool clean fresh air which gives:

Improved Power and Torque Increased Engine Power Management output Lower fuel consumption Reduced overall operating cost Does not require costly fuel additives Breathability

Why New Holland chose SCR?

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

Questions?

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

DEF - sometimes known simply by the name of its active component, urea, is a key

component of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. DEF is a liquid reducing

agent that reacts with engine exhaust in the presence of a catalyst to convert smog-

forming nitrogen oxides (NOx) into harmless nitrogen and water vapor.

DEF is a solution consisting of high purity urea (pure urea is solid at room

temperature) dissolved and suspended within de-mineralised water. The ratio of

the mix is approximately 32.5% urea and 67.5% water.

The reason for the 32.5% solution is that it provides the lowest freeze point. If the

DEF should freeze, the urea and water will thaw at the same rate, ensuring the

solution does not become diluted.

The urea used in the agriculture market is not as pure as the urea used in

production of DEF. Ag urea contains a formaldehyde coating to prevent caking or

solidifying of the urea.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

DEF Characteristics:

Non-Toxic

Non-polluting

Non-flammable

Non-hazardous

Stable

Colorless

DEF has about the same alkalinity as Baking Soda.

Storage

Unlike with diesel fuel storage tanks, there is no need to have a containment area for spills.

DEF properly stored can be expected to last around 36 months.

The freezing point of DEF is -11°C (12°F).

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

2.5Gallon

275 / 330 GallonTote

55 GallonDrum

From September it will be available from the New Holland dealer network through CNH Parts & Service,

as well as from an extensive distribution network (www.finddef.com)

New Holland dealers will also supply all of the appropriate DEF handling equipment that is needed for

transporting , storing and dispensing DEF.

There are three common containers that DEF will be available in, and bulk storage options for large

scale farms.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

Questions?

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

Exhaust Gas Recirculation/Diesel Particulate Filter

CEGR DPF

Two Systems One Application

32

CEGR Components

EGR Valve- Controls the amount of exhaust gas that is diverted back into the engine.

EGR Cooler- Cools exhaust gas before entering the combustion chamber.

Engine- Tuned for low NOx formation in combustion chamber.

CEGR/DPF

ECU

Intake air

humidity

sensor

Air

Filter

EGR

cooler

EGR

Control

Valve

Play Animation

CEGR/DPF

ECU

Air

FilterIntake air

humidity sensor

Temperature

Sensor

Differential

Pressure Sensor

Temperature

Sensor

DP

F

DO

C

Diesel Oxidation

CatalystFilter

Element

DPF

Accumulated Ash

Play Animation

CEGR/DPF

DPF

Accumulated Ash Play Animation

DPF Regeneration

Why Not CEGR for High Horsepower Engines?

Heat generated from CEGR cooler has a major impact on cooling system and vehicle design.

Significant reduction in horsepower per cubic inch compared to SCR.

Additional turbo charging and/or increased engine sizes to maintain the same horsepower as SCR.

More components which adds to complexity of engine.

Oil life is shorten by exhaust gas being placed in the engine

DPF fills up fast if low fuel quality fuel is used (low sulphur fuel is required).

Very high 600-700°C (1112-1292°F) maximum exhaust system temperatures during regeneration.

Must use low ash oil that is formulated for DPF systems.

Filter must be cleaned when restricted approximately every 10 hours depending on operating conditions.

Fuel consumption approximately doubles during regeneration.

DPF must be removed and cleaned with special machine or replaced.

CEGR/DPF

Questions?

CEGR/DPF

Why EGR on below 100hp?

Fuel savings on a 31hp is not as significant as on a 500 hp application.

The emission standards are not as strict on below 100 hp applications.

The size of the components is much smaller and easier to service.

The cost of the filter is much less on a low horsepower application.

Below 100 hp Applications

39

NH Tier 4 Solutions - Two Technologies

Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation/

Diesel Particulate Filter

Selective Catalytic

Reduction

SCR

CEGR/DPF

CEGR/DPF

SCR

Power (HP)

Op

era

tor

Co

st

Questions?

Below 100 hp Applications

All of the following statements are true regarding SCR EXCEPT which of the following?

A. Requires the use of Diesel Exhaust FluidB. Allows the engine to run at optimal combustion pointC. Has higher fuel savings than CEGR/DPFD. Requires the use of larger engine coolers.

Knowledge Check

Question One

All of the following statements are true regarding CEGR/DPF EXCEPT which of the following?

A. Does not require the use of Diesel Exhaust Fluid.B. Requires the use of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst.C. Has higher fuel savings than SCR.D. Requires the use of larger engine coolers.

Knowledge Check

Question Two

True or False? If the DEF solution freeze while on a tractor, the tractor will have derate power until the tank thaws.

A. TrueB. False

Knowledge Check

Question Three

True or False? Common Rail Fuel Injection improves cold weather starting.

A. TrueB. False

Knowledge Check

Question Four

True or False? New Holland dealers will carry all DEF equipment that is needed to support customers.

A. TrueB. False

Knowledge Check

Question Five