NEW ENGLAND – THE COLONISTS’ BACKGROUND

• PLACE OF ORIGIN – ENGLAND

• WHY THE COLONISTS CAME

– RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

– ESTABLISH WELL ORDERED COMMUNITIES

• RELIGION

– CONGREGATIONALISM – PURITANS

– CONGREGATIONS BUILT TOWN MEETING HOUSES

– ELECTED/CHOSE THEIR OWN MINISTERS

NEW ENGLAND – THE COLONISTS’ BACKGROUND

• POLITICS

– RELIGION AND POLITICS RELATED

– EACH TOWN RAN OWN AFFAIRS

– ISSUES DEBATED IN TOWN MEETINGS

– VOTING OPEN TO

• MALES

• CHURCH MEMBERS

NEW ENGLAND – CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY

• CLIMATE

– HARSH WINTERS

– SHORT GROWING SEASON

• LAND

– HARD AND ROCKY

– POOR SOIL FOR FARMING

• RIVERS

– FAST FLOWING

– NO EAST/WEST NAVIGABLE RIVERS

– PREVENTED TRADE EAST AND WEST

NEW ENGLAND – ECONOMY

FARMINGSMALL – SINGLE FAMILY

PRODUCED LITTLE MORE THAN NEEDED

BARTERED FOR PRODUCTS COULD NOT PRODUCE

PURCHASED LUXURY ITEMS IN MARKET PLACES

USUALLY PASSED ON TO OLDEST SON

NEW ENGLAND – ECONOMY

• SEA INDUSTRY

– WORK IN SEA PORTS

– SHIP BUILDING

– FISHING

• TRADE

– NEW MERCHANT CLASS

– TRADED WITH EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

– RAW MATERIALS TO ENGLAND

– FINISHED PRODUCTS TO COLONIES

MIDDLE COLONIES – THE COLONISTS’ BACKGROUND

• PLACE OF ORIGIN

– SCOTLAND

– GERMANY

– SWEDEN

– HOLLAND

– FRANCE

• WHY THE COLONISTS CAME

– TO MAKE MONEY

– TO CREATE TRADING ZONES

MIDDLE COLONIES – THE MIDDLE COLONIES – THE COLONISTS’ BACKGROUNDCOLONISTS’ BACKGROUND

RELIGIONRELIGIONHIGHLY HIGHLY AUTHORATATIVEAUTHORATATIVE

DECISIONS MADE BY DECISIONS MADE BY CHURCH LEADERSCHURCH LEADERS

MINISTERS APPOINTEDMINISTERS APPOINTED

POLITICSPOLITICS

DIVERSITY OF POPULATION – NO CLOSE COOPERATIONDIVERSITY OF POPULATION – NO CLOSE COOPERATION

PEOPLE ELECTED

PEOPLE ELECTED

COLONIAL

COLONIAL

ASSEMBLIES

ASSEMBLIESASSEMBLIES ELECTED

ASSEMBLIES ELECTED

GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS MADE OFFICIALS MADE DECISIONS FOR DECISIONS FOR THE PEOPLETHE PEOPLE

MIDDLE COLONIES – CLIMATE AND MIDDLE COLONIES – CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

CLIMATECLIMATE MILD WINTERSMILD WINTERS LONG GROWING LONG GROWING

SEASONSEASON

LANDLAND ROLLING HILLSROLLING HILLS FERTILE SOILFERTILE SOIL

MIDDLE COLONIES – CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY

RIVERS

THREE MAIN RIVERS HUDSON DELAWARE SUSQUEHANNA

ALLOWS EAST/WEST TRADE

LARGE SLOW MOVING NAVIGABLE RIVERS CONNECT EAST AND WEST

MIDDLE COLONIES – ECONOMYMIDDLE COLONIES – ECONOMY FARMINGFARMING

LARGE FARMSLARGE FARMS FAMILYFAMILY HIRED HELPHIRED HELP INDENTURED INDENTURED

SERVANTSSERVANTS PRODUCED SPECIFIC PRODUCED SPECIFIC

GRAINSGRAINS CORNCORN WHEATWHEAT RYERYE BARLEYBARLEY

SOLD SURPLUS TO SOLD SURPLUS TO MAKE MONEYMAKE MONEY

EAST AND WEST TRADEEAST AND WEST TRADE

MIDDLE COLONIES – ECONOMYMIDDLE COLONIES – ECONOMY

MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING• COTTAGE INDUSTRYCOTTAGE INDUSTRY

PIECE MEAL WORK PIECE MEAL WORK DONE IN HOMESDONE IN HOMES

USUALLY BY WOMENUSUALLY BY WOMEN• SPINNING AND SPINNING AND

WEAVING OF WEAVING OF TEXTILESTEXTILES

• OTHER OTHER MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING

SAW MILLSSAW MILLS GRAIN GRINDING MILLSGRAIN GRINDING MILLS BAKED BRICKSBAKED BRICKS

SOUTHERN COLONIES

SOUTHERN – COLONISTS’ SOUTHERN – COLONISTS’ BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

• PLACE OF ORIGIN – PLACE OF ORIGIN – ENGLANDENGLAND

• WHY THE COLONISTS WHY THE COLONISTS CAMECAME– IN SEARCH OF IN SEARCH OF

MARKETABLE CROPSMARKETABLE CROPS– TO GET RICH QUICKTO GET RICH QUICK

• RELIGIONRELIGION– MEMBERS OF CHURCH MEMBERS OF CHURCH

OF ENGLANDOF ENGLAND

SOUTHERN – COLONISTS’ BACKGROUND

• POLITICS

– GOVERNMENT DECISIONS MADE BY WEALTHY MEN

– LARGE PLANTATION OWNERS

SOUTHERN – CLIMATE AND SOUTHERN – CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

CLIMATECLIMATE– WARMWARM

– SUBTROPICALSUBTROPICAL

– YEAR LONG GROWING YEAR LONG GROWING SEASONSEASON

SOUTHERN – CLIMATE AND SOUTHERN – CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

• LAND LAND – MARYLAND AND VIRGINIAMARYLAND AND VIRGINIA

– FLAT, RICH COAST LANDS– FLAT, RICH COAST LANDS

– DEEP SOUTHDEEP SOUTH • SWAMPY COAST LAND – SWAMPY COAST LAND –

GREAT FOR RICEGREAT FOR RICE

• INTERIOR – RICH FERTILE INTERIOR – RICH FERTILE SOILSOIL

• RIVERSRIVERS– MANY EAST/WEST AND MANY EAST/WEST AND

NAVIGABLENAVIGABLE– LARGE SLOW MOVINGLARGE SLOW MOVING– GOOD FOR IRRIGATION GOOD FOR IRRIGATION

AND TRADEAND TRADE

SOUTHERN – ECONOMY

FAMILY WORKED OWN LAND

FARMING

WESTERN LANDS

SMALL FARMS

GREW CORN – GRAIN – FRUITS – VEGATABLES

SOUTHERN – ECONOMY

• FARMING

– EASTERN LANDS

• LARGE PLANTATIONS

• GREW CASH CROPS TO MAKE MONEY

– RICE

– TOBACCO

– INDIGO

• SLAVERY

– WORKED LAND

– MADE CLOTHES AND TOOLS

– NO NEED OF URBAN PROVIDERS OF GOODS AND SERVICES

SOUTHERN – ECONOMY

• MANUFACTURING

– NONE

– EXTENSIVE RIVER SYSTEM

• NO TRANS-SHIPMENT CENTERS NECESSARY

– TOBACCO AND RICE

• REQUIRED NO PROCESSING

• COULD BE SHIPPED DIRECTLY

A TOUR OF THE ENGLISH COLONIESPOLITICS

• NEW ENGLAND• Town meetings• Male church members

• MID-ATLANTIC• Colonial Assemblies• Elect officials• Officials make decisions for colony

• SOUTHERN• Wealthy plantation owners make decisions

A TOUR OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES

CLIMATE • NEW ENGLAND

• Harsh winters• Short growing season

• MID-ATLANTIC• Mild climate• Long growing season

• SOUTHERN• Sub-tropical• Very long growing season (almost year round)

A TOUR OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES

GEOGRAPHY• NEW ENGLAND

• Rocky soil• Poor soil• Fast non-navigable east/west rivers

• MID-ATLANTIC• Rolling hills• Fertile soil• Three slow moving, navigable east/west rivers

• SOUTHERN• Coast – swampy• Inland fertile soil• Many large, slow moving, navigable east/west rivers

A TOUR OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES

ECONOMY• NEW ENGLAND

• Small family farms• Sea industry – fishing, ship building, whaling• Merchant – trade

• MID-ATLANTIC• Large farms – hired help, indentured servants – sell

surplus grains• Cottage industry• Small manufacturing – grist and lumber mills

• SOUTHERN• Large plantations – slaves • Cash crops – indigo, rice, and tobacco