New England Dissenters and Rebellion in VirginiaRoger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Thomas Hooker and Nathaniel Bacon

Learning Target I can describe why Roger Williams, Anne

Hutchinson and Thomas Hooker leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony and migrate to other regions.

I can explain what is meant by the concept of separation of church and state.

I can explain the importance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

I can identify Nathaniel Bacon

Roger Williams Minister, part of the

Great Migration Thought Puritans

weren’t pure enough.

Major BeliefsOpposed Taxes to support Church Laws mandating Church Attendance

Insisted on? Complete separation of Church and State

Results of his BanishmentWhat happened to him? Banished from Colony Purchased land from

Indians Founded Rhode Island Established religious

liberty in R.I.

From the Charter of Rhode Island, 1663 No person within the said Colony, at any time

hereafter, shall be any wise molested, punished, disquieted, or called in question, for any differences in opinion, in matters of religion, who does not actually disturb the peace of our said Colony ; but that all and every person and persons may, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, freely and fully have and enjoy his own and their judgments and consciences, in matters of religious concernments,

Act of Toleration 1649 that no person or persons whatsoever within this province, or the

islands, ports, harbors, creeks, or havens thereunto belonging, professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from henceforth be in any way troubled, molested, or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion, nor in the free exercise thereof within this province or the islands thereunto belonging, nor in any way compelled to the belief or exercise of any other religion against his or her consent, so as they be not unfaithful to the Lord Proprietary, or molest or conspire against the civil government established or to be established in this province under him or his heirs.

Primary purpose : Protect the minority status of Roman Catholics

Anne HutchinsonWho? Her father twice

imprisoned for challenging Church authority

Her and Husband part of Great Migration

Beliefs and trialBelieved? God’s absolute

Sovereignty Concerned over lack of

women’s right and prejudice toward Native Americans

Challenged Church authority

Why Tried? Heresy and sedition. Said

she failed to keep the 5th Commandment

She was perceived as a threat to authority of ministers and the State

Question: Journal, How do her ideas threaten Puritan Life?

Results of her BanishmentWhat Happened to Her? Banished 1643 murdered by N.

Americans In 1987, Massachusetts

Governor Michael Dukakis pardoned Anne Hutchinson, revoking the order of banishment by Governor Winthrop 350 years earlier.

Thomas HookerWho? Minster led his

congregation to Connecticut

Had own ideas about running colony and limiting powers of government

Ideas and ImpactBothered By? Laws that only allowed

church members to vote

What was his Plan of Government?

Fundamental Orders of Conn.

1st American constitution

all male property owners could vote

The Fundamental Orders In the spring of 1638 three Connecticut towns, Windsor, Hartford

and Wethersfield, chose representatives and held a general court at Hartford.

At its opening session the Reverend Thomas Hooker preached a powerful sermon on the text that "the foundation of authority is laid in the free consent of the people."

The constitution given and adopted was called The Fundamental Orders.

Nowhere in this great document is there a reference to "our dread Sovereign" or "our gracious Lord the King," — nor to any government or power outside of Connecticut itself.

Question: Journal Why is the above observation so important?

Political Rebellion Influx of settlers on

territories reserved for Native Americans causes unrest from the tribes

Nathaniel Bacon, Jr. asked for military protection from the Governor William Berkley

Governor thought the threat exaggerated, refused to help or allow Bacon to raise his own army.

Bacon in 1676 tracks hostiles and encounters a group of friendly Natives and attacks them.

Bacon’s Rebellion 1676 Feeling betrayed Bacon

turns his 500 men on Jamestown.

Eventually he conquers Jamestown, burning most of the buildings, then dies of a virus.

Leaderless the group cannot resist Berkeley and his reinforced militia.

You have rebellion against an unresponsive government!