New New England England ColoniesColonies

The PilgrimsThe Pilgrims

Church of England (Anglican Church) est. by King Henry VIII in 1530s

Pilgrims believed it was necessary to separate from the Church of England (Separatists)◦Forced to belong to Church at the time◦Moved to Holland, 1608; but some decided to

move again

The PilgrimsThe Pilgrims

35 “Saints” & 67 “Strangers”Mayflower arrives in New World in Nov.

1620◦Too late to go further◦Settle in Massachusetts; farther north than they

had intended◦Outside of Virginia Company’s boundaries,

created Mayflower Compact

The PilgrimsThe Pilgrims

Mayflower Compact (full text)Notable Descendants of the PilgrimsThe Mayflower & Pilgrims in Song

More than ½ died during 1st yearSurvival depended largely on Native help◦ Squanto & Samoset◦ 1st Thanksgiving (1621)◦ Small pox devastated neighboring Indians◦ Survived as subsistence farmers

The PuritansThe Puritans

Fled religious persecution in England◦King Charles I favored Catholicism◦Parliament disbanded (1629-1640)

Created the Mass. Bay Co., led by John Winthrop

Sailed in 1630◦17 ships & 1,000 people (mostly families)

John Winthrop, 1630

“For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work

we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help

from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world.”

The Puritans

The Massachusetts Bay Colony had struggles early, but prospered more quickly than Jamestown or Plymouth

John Winthrop

ConnecticutConnecticut

• Thomas Hooker, a minister, led his congregation to est. Hartford (1635)• Believed all men, not just Puritans, should have

right to vote

• New Haven founded in 1639• Est. colonial gov’t & adopted Fundamental Orders

of CT• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• New Haven & Hartford conjoined in 1662

Rhode IslandRhode Island

Roger Williams is banished from MA & along w/ settlers est. Providence (1636)◦Wanted to sever all ties w/ Anglican Church◦Believed in separation of church & state

RI allowed religious freedom

New Hampshire & MaineNew Hampshire & Maine

NH & ME both were originally part of MA

John Wheelwright & dissenters settled Exeter, NH (1639)

NH became separate colony in 1679

ME remained part of MA until 1820

Native Americans of New EnglandNative Americans of New England

Relatively small population by 1630s due to epidemics◦Population fell from 100k in 1600 to 10k in

1675Taught English colonists farming

techniquesActed as trading partners, esp. in furEnglish pursued land & moved west; led

to more conflict◦Some hoped to assimilate Indians, others

wanted to move them or exterminate them

WarWar

Pequot War (1637)◦English settlers & Mohegan & Narragansett vs.

Pequot◦Pequot tribe nearly wiped out

King Philip’s War (1675-1676)◦English & Mohawks vs. Wampanoags (led by

Metacomet/King Philip Metacomet killed, other leaders executed & sent

into slavery Wampanoags left powerless

Odds & EndsOdds & Ends

MA’s white population=91K by 1700Longer lifespan than MD & VAGov’t focused on consentNumerous dissenters slowed migration in

2nd half of 17th c.Harvard est. 1636

◦Used to train ministers

Key QsKey Qs

What did the Puritans believe to be their purpose in coming to America & how did church & state cooperate to achieve this goal?

How did the Pilgrims’ experience w/ Native Americans differ markedly from that of the settlers of VA?

How did the colony of CT originate? RI?What does this expansion (“exodus”) reveal about MA Bay Colony?