New England and the Middle Colonies1601–1700

Puritan Origins:The English Reformation

• Henry VIII uses the Reformation for political (and personal) means. England breaks with the Catholic Church

• English (Anglican) church keeps most practices of Catholicism

• Others (Puritans) wanted a full reforming of the church. Wanted to eliminate rituals and focus on the individual

• Persecution of Puritans in England

Puritans and the Settlementof New England

• The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony

- want to build a orderly Puritan version of England

- First Holland (to much vice) then onto America

Plymouth Video

English Migration, 1610-1660

The Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Puritans obtain a Royal charter for most of Northeast of America- special provision: gov’t could be located in the colony instead of England

• John Winthrop elected Governor and settled in Boston- “City Upon a Hill” sermon given

• Native Americans- initially few around because of epidemics; relations will break down

The Early Years of Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Disease spread quickly and killed many. Starvation also an issue

• Settlers kept arriving; especially when Church of England cracks down on Puritan ministers in England

• Immigrants came from all parts of society and unlike Chesapeake many women/children

The Evolution ofNew England Society

Church, Covenant, and Conformity

• Puritans influenced by John Calvin- strict discipline in behavior, & predestination

• All town residents must attend church services• Everyone kept an eye on everyone else; trying to

prove saintliness• Sabbath day taken seriously- fines issued for flute

playing or visiting neighbors• Banned practices: Christmas, Easter, cards, dice,

any games of chance, music, dance

Government by Puritans for Puritanism

• Transformed the joint stock company into a colonial gov’t

• Freemen had voting rights on some issues & gov’t position- Freemen= male church members- “Contrary minded” men forced out

Splintering of Puritanism• How long did you think it

would last?• Different visions of

Godliness; every town/church had different rules

• Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson vs. John

Winthrop- Covenant of Grace vs. Covenant of Works

• More divisions of churches

Quakers and Salem Witch Trials

• Quakers (society of friends) arrive in New England. Different beliefs.- God speaks directly to everyone; do not need preachers or Bibles- Refuse to conform to laws and government, Sabbath- As you can imagine there is conflict between the Quakers and Puritans. - Salem Witch Trials- 100 accused of witchcraft, 19 executed

The Founding of theMiddle Colonies- last 1/3 of 1600s

• From New Netherland to New York

- Dutch West India Company purchases Manhattan for goods worth 12 beaver pelts from local Natives.

- New Amsterdam

- Low population (although highly diverse) and low profits

- Monarchy restored in England. Duke of York is given New Netherland as a land grant; sent warships and kicked out the Dutch

- Early Governors struggle with controlling the colony because of its’ diversity

Colonies Colonies in in

Eastern Eastern North North

AmericaAmerica

16501650

New Jersey and Pennsylvania

• Duke of York subdivides his land grant• Quarrels between officials. William Penn

(Quaker and prominent individual from a military/political family)– Jersey stays a propriety colony (focused

on trade)– Penn given a land grant for a Quaker

colony (Pennsylvania); given to rid England of Quakers

Middle Middle Colonies, Colonies,

16851685

Relations with Native Americans and King Philip’s War

• Massachusetts settlers massacre Pequot’s 1637• 1670s warfare erupts in both New EnglandIn New England

- Steady encroachment on Native land- Wampanoags struck back; Chief is Metacomet/King Philip (settlers name for him)

- Counterattacks and thousands are killed.

- Colonists gain upper hand and defeated the Wampanoags with a scorched-earth policy. (see map on the next page)

Aftermath: Hatred of Natives, large war debt, devastated frontier

King Philip’s War, King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1675 – 1676)1676)

King Philip’s War, King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1675 – 1676)1676)

Spread of Settlement:

British Colonies,

1650–1700