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New demands on voltage regulation

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A. Eberle GmbH & Co. KG

Head OfficeNuremberg/Germany

Members of staff> 80

VisionTechnology Venture

Product Range

Voltage RegulationLow Voltage Regulation

Earthfault Detection &Control

Power QualityGrid Dynamics

SCADA Communication

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What are the changes in the application area of transformers?

Past:

• Power direction one way• Redundant transformer systems• Limited transformer sizes (short distances)• Easy logic of transformers are mostly enough• Ideal locations preferred

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Transmission lines:220 kV or 380 kV

High Voltage lines: 60 up to 110 kV

Medium Voltage lines: 60 kV or 30 kV

Low Voltage lines: 230 or 400 V

Source: BMWI

Grid topology as usual

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Source: http://www.swissgrid.ch/swissgrid/en/home.html

Power direction of the Swiss grid

Date: 3rd of May 2015 at 10:24 AM, 10:46 AM, 11:05 AM and 11:55 AM

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What are the changes in the application area of transformers?

Now / Future:

• Power direction in both ways Smart regulation devices are necessary

• Varity of different and complicated system applications are gainsinstantly Smart regulation devices are necessary

• Demand of “bigger” transformers are increasing Investment risks are increasing

• Realizing of projects in new roughly climate areas• Amalgamation of different energy grids / countries• specific price pressure

Each transformer will work with a higher maximum load

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What will be the conclusion based on this facts?

1. Automatic voltage regulator which combines individual customerrequests with complex hard and software solutions

2. Transformer Monitoring System (TMM)3. New system solutions for Low Voltage grids are necessary

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The ratio U1/U2 is not constant

There must be an equipment to modifiy the output voltage

Automatic voltage regulation requirements:

Transformer output voltage = f(load)

U1 U

2

I

jXKIRKI

cos = 0,95

U2

cos = 0, cap.

U2

cos = 0,95, double load

U2

cos = -0,95,reverse power

flow

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Influence of the distributed generation of the voltage on the MV grid

Depending on the level of load and generation the voltage exceeds certain limits

Solution: dynamic adjustment of the voltage setpoint in the substation

Voltage level along the medium voltage line with reduced substation setpoint, Reference: Westnetz

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Standard Current Influence (setpoint voltage = f(I))

The active power is measured in theMV substation on the transformer feeder setpoint voltage raise on consumption setpoint voltage drop on generation

Setpoint voltage of the REG-D(A) in dependence of the load current

Voltage and active power on a 110/10 kV transformer with CInf, Reference: Westnetz

Consumption ConsumptionGeneration

Voltage level along the medium voltage line with dynamic substation setpoint,Reference: Westnetz

Active power

Voltage

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Extended Current Influence (setpoint voltage = f(I)+f(x))

In addition to the standard current influence the setpoint voltage ismodified by external signals (e.g. weather data)The following values can be used to modify the setpoint voltage (examples)

• Solar radiation, measured in the substation• Wind speed, measured in the substation• Weather data (real time or forecast) via SCADA

The usage of weather data enables the regulator to determine the generation without having measurementdata from the grid.

Reference : Westnetz

Additional drop of the setpointvoltage caused by the weather signal

Solar radiation used for the extendedcurrent influence. The signal comesfrom an external sensor or SCADA

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Additional possibilities to modifiy the setpoint voltage

Change between different setpoints by an externalsignal (e.g. a powerful generator with known or

predictable power output is switched on)Wide area voltage control, that means an externalinstance calculates the voltage setpoint and adjusts the

setpoint of the voltage regulators e.g. via SCADACurrent influence based on the load of one feeder ora group of feeders (current measurement e.g viaSCADA

(mA signal, IEC 61850, IEC 60870-5-101/103/104, DNP3.0, MODBUS))Setpoint adjustment by using online measurmentdata from important points of the grid (wide areavoltage control without external instance,measurement acquisition via mA Signal, IEC 61850, IEC60870-5-101/103/104, DNP 3.0, MODBUS)

SCADA connection (e.g. IEC 60870-5-104)

Medium voltage line

Legend:

Reference : EON Mitte

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Wide area voltage control

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Voltage regulation using REG - D™ (REG-DA)

Bi-Directional Load Flow Application

When the load flow is from left to the right (normal condition)most often it is the 11kV bus at right that is regulated for.However, if the consumption at right becomes weak and the load flows in the reverse direction, then it is preferable to regulate thevoltage at the 33kV bus on the left.The REG-D/-DA can be ordered with 2 voltage and 2 current inputs allowing the above scenario to be catered for in one device. This canprovide significant cost advantages for the user.If a line drop compensation scheme is required, to regulate the voltage at the load point this can also be catered for in either direction.

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Where is the source for a voltage dip?(using the recorder- mode to detect...)

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Where is the source for a voltage dip?(using the recorder- mode to detect...)

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Creeping Network Break DownAutomatic Blocking of AVR and Auto Release

P703B101-01

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Regulation of a transformer bank 500KV GIS in Sidi Krir, Egypt

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Transformer monitoring

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Michael Haupt

Failure causes of transformers

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Transformer-Monitoring

Gas in oil analysis

Fan Control

Gas in oil analysis

Fan Control

TM1: Trafo Monitoringaccording to IEC 60354or IEC 60076

TM2: Moisture in oil andpaper assessment;bubbling temperature

DGA

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Transformer monitoring

Smart deviceto collect the data's

of the differentTransformer

Monitoring stages

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Michael Haupt

Changes on the low voltage network

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Improvements of power quality

DIN EN 60038 (VDE 0175-1)

± 10 % ∆ 20 %MV 2 %LV 3 %

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Traditional Situation Future Situation

A few central power plants supplyingelectricity

Many decentralized small power stationssupplying electricity

Power flow is always from the "producer" to"consumer"

Direction of Power flow will be variable

Regulation by activation and deactivation ofpower plant capacity

Control necessary at low voltage levels

Loads are mainly linear and resistive-inductive Loads are capacitive and nonlinear

Modification of the grid structure

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Changes on the low voltage networkD

istri

butio

n tra

nsfo

rmer

230V

+10%

-10%

U

spread

• Voltage rise on lines with a decentralized supply• Voltage drop in cables without a decentralized supply

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Technical overview of LVRSys

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Applications of LVRSys in the low voltage network

250kVA - 630kVA

110kVA - 250kVA

50kVA - 250kVA

50kVA - 630kVA

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with LVRSys

without LVRSys

Regulated voltage of a distribution line

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LVRSys™ Systems

up to 110kVAup to 175kVA

up to 400kVA

• Easy installation/dismounting/mooving• Bypass integrated• Concrete base included• Easy transport

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31LVRSys

LVRSys™

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LVRSys 250 kVA

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Thank you for your attention.