new compounding solutions for premiumcontact 6 · bitte decken sie die schraffierte fläche mit...
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New Compounding Solutions for PremiumContact 6
Dr. Stefan Torbrügge,
Head of Global Tread Compound Development & Contact Friction Physics
www.continental-tires.com
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TechnologyPerformance Overview
PremiumContact 6ContiSportContact 5
Handling 103%
Rolling Resistance
105%
Exterior Noise 110%
Interior Noise
102%
Wet Braking
100%
Mileage
115%
Hydroplaning
95%Dry Braking
100%
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TechnologyPerformance Overview – Compounding Solutions
PremiumContact 6ContiSportContact 5
Handling 103%
Rolling Resistance
105%Exterior Noise 110%
Interior Noise
102%
Wet Braking
100%
Mileage
115%
Hydroplaning
95%Dry Braking
100%
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TechnologyPerformance Overview – Compounding Solutions
PremiumContact 6 vs ContiSportContact 5
Performance Tire Compounding Solution
Handling 103% Similar or higher stiffness
Dry Braking 100% Crystal silica composition
Wet Braking 100% Crystal silica composition
Rolling Resistance 105% Base + tread compound
Mileage 115% Wear optimzed polymer
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Typical Components of Tread Compoundsfor Passenger & Light Truck Tires
Rapeseed oil
Synthetic rubber
Natural rubber
Carbon black
Butadiene rubber
Sulfur
Ozone protecting waxAnti-ageing agent
Zinc oxide
Stearic acid
Silica
Accelerator
Activator
Resins
MES oil
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Compound DevelopmentTarget Conflicts
Rolling resistance
Wet grip Wear
Compound
What is the origin of
these target conflicts
Viscoelastic properties of rubber:
› Hysteresis
› Abrasion resistance
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Compound DevelopmentTarget Conflict
Rolling resistance
Wet grip Wear
Compound
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Energy Dissipation in RubberHysteresis
What happens when a body is deformed?
Elastic body Viscous body
Δx
FelEnergy in
Energy out
v
=
Δx
F
Energy in
Energy out = 0
v
Lost Energy = 0 All Energy is lost
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Energy Dissipation in RubberHysteresis
In viscoelastic materials energy is partially stored and partially transformed into heat
Δx
F Energy in
Energy out
Lost Energy
-
=
E
EiEE
E
E
storage modulus
loss modulus
Rubber slowly recovers from deformed state because of internal viscosity Energy dissipation
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Energy Dissipation in RubberHysteresis
› In viscoelastic materials energy is partially stored and partially transformerd into heat
Δx
F Energy in
Energy out
Damping loss
-
=
Grip
Rubber deformation
during sliding on rough
road, high frequency
Rolling Resistance
Rubber deformation
in tire contact
patch, low
frequency
Load
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Corresponding frequency [Hz]100101102103104105106107
Development target
Standard technology
Energy Dissipation in RubberTarget Conflict of Wet-Grip and Rolling Resistance
Braking
103…105 Hz
Rolling Resistance
10 Hz
Characteristic frequency
Braking and Rolling Resistance have different relevant frequency areas
› The hysteresis is determined by the frequency dependent loss-factor and
of the tread-compound.
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
Lo
ss f
acto
r ta
n(d
)
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Safety-optimized Silica Compounds Solution of Target Conflicts
PremiumContact 6 RR – Rolling ResistanceStandard
Wear
Wet Braking
RRHandling
Cap influence Base influencePremiumContact 6
Cap + Base + Pattern
Wear
Wet Braking
RRHandling
Wear
Wet Braking
RRHandling
schematic tread cross section
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Tread compounding – ExerciseIdentify the Rolling Resistance Optimized Base Compound
Which compound has superior
rolling resistance properties
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Compound DevelopmentTarget Conflict
Rolling resistance
Wet grip Wear
Compound
› Can be overcome by performance
dedication via cap + base approach
› Difference excitation frequency range
for grip and RR utilized in compounding
Rolling resistance is in
target conflict with grip
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Compound DevelopmentTarget Conflict
Rolling resistance
Wet grip Wear
Compound
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Tire & Rubber WearMultiscale Approach from Tire to Tread Block and Compound
Wear is a superposition of various phenomena happening at different scales
VehiclePolymers Contact WheelConstructionFillers
1 nm 1 µm 1 mm 1 cm 10 cm 10 m1 m
Thermal stability
Polymer Flexibility
Rubber Tear resistance
Stresses on Compound
Slip velocitySlip distance
Driving severityTire Forces
Influencing factors
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Fatigue Cutting abrasion
v
Frictional wear
v
Safety-optimized Silica Compounds “Low Glass Transition Temperature Technology”: Wear Mechanisms
v
p0 p0 p0
Smooth surface
› Creep of material due
to frictional forces.
› Mass transport:
sticky film, rolls
Rough rounded surface
› Slow crack growth due to
deformation of rubber in
contact with a rough surface.
› Detachment of rubber particles.
Rough sharp surface
› Fast rupture of rubber.
› Tearing of large rubber pieces.
› Formation of abrasion pattern
and/or cracks on rubber surface
Test drums Long distance Severe application
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10nm1mm 1µm
Flexible chains
Safety-optimized Silica Compounds“Low Polymer Glass Transition Temperature Technology” = Nano Technology
v
Glassy chains
Nano mechanism
nano
› Crack resistance improvement due to low polymer glass transition temperature TG
technology improves wear performance on nano-scale
› Significant wear improvement while keeping wet performance via shift of compound
glastemperature TG
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The stiffness E‘ of rubber compounds varies as a function of
Temperature and Frequency dependency of rubberFlexible or Glassy Polymer Chains/Matrix?
Temperature T [°C]highlow
Stiffn
ess
E‘ [M
Pa
]
› Temperature T › Deformation frequency f
Deformation frequency [Hz] highlow
Stiffness
E‘ [M
Pa]
high high
glassy flexible flexible
glassy
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Flexible or Glassy Polymer Chains?Temperature Dependence
Summer and Winter tread
compound with different glass
transition temperatures
Samples were cooled down to
T=-40°C
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Flexible or Glassy Polymer Chains?Temperature Dependence
Temperature T [°C]highlow
Stiffn
ess
E‘ [M
Pa
]
high
– high Tg compound
– low Tg compound
glassy flexible
The stiffness E‘ of rubber compounds varies as a function of temperature
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Flexible or Glassy Polymer Chains/Matrix?Frequency Dependence
Test sepcimen:
Corn starch (200g) + water
(150 ml)
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Flexible or Glassy Polymer Chains/Matrix?Frequency Dependence
Test sepcimen:
Corn starch (200g) + water
(150 ml)
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Flexible or Glassy Polymer Chains/Matrix?Frequency Dependence
Deformation frequency [Hz] highlow
Stiffness
E‘ [M
Pa]
high
– high Tg compound
– low Tg compound
flexible
glassy
The stiffness E‘ of rubber compounds varies as a function of deformation frequency
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Flexible chains
Safety-optimized Silica Compounds“Low Polymer Glass Transition Temperature Technology” = Nano Technology
Glassy chains
Flexible polymer chains (= low Tg)
do not break under high local stress
Stiff polymer chains (= high Tg) break
irreversibly under high local stress
Polymer network degrades wear
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Polymer Chain DesignMicro - Structure
Styrene Vinyl
ButadieneStyrene Styrene Butadiene Rubber+ =
SBR
Vinyl [%]
Sty
ren
e [
%]
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
10
20
30
Reaction scheme for
Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Tg- Dependency of Styrene / Vinyl Ratio
00
+ =
R
+=
R
+ =
RR
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Safety-optimized Silica CompoundsImpact of Polymer Parameter on Tg- Glass Transition Temperature
Butadiene
Micro - Structure FunctionalizationMacro - Structure
Styrene Vinyl - group Reactive - group
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TechnologyOverview – A New Level of Comfort
Safety-optimizedsilica compounds
Safety
without compromises
Crystal silica
composition
Comfort-optimizedperformance footprint
Handling-optimizedpattern design
Feature
Technology
Customer
benefit
Extended driving convenience
over lifetime
Sporty driving
in every car
Wear
optimized
polymer blend
Smooth
pattern
stiffness
Advanced
macro-block
design
Asymmetric
rib geometry
A New Level of Comfort
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Crystal silica composition
Compound Solution for safety without compromisesCrystal silica composition
› Highest quality grade with increased
homogenity of primary particles
› Highly dispersable even at very high filler
amounts in compound
› Tailored silica surface strcutrue for
enhanced bonding via Silane to Polymer
Matrix
Polymer – Filler – Interaction
Silica – primary particle Silane coupler Polymer
Silica
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Wear optimized polymer blend
Compound solution for extended driving convenience over lifetimeWear optimized polymer blend
› Low Polymer Glass Transition
Temperature Technology
› Specially designed low Tg polymer
blend with tailor made micro and macro
structure
› Enhanced bonding to crystal silica
particles by functionalizatzion
Polymer - Structure
Butadiene Styrene Vinyl - group Reactive - group
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Virtual Compound Development ExerciseSolve Target Conflicts at highest level
Rolling resistance
Wet grip Wear
Compound
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Thank youfor your attention!