new centers of civ
TRANSCRIPT
Jack Garrity Jack Garrity
NEW CENTERS OF CIVILIZATION
54-60
Indo Europeans
• Around 2000 BCE, the nomadic Indo-Europeans began to move into Europe, India, and western Asia.
Indo Europeans
• A group of people using a language derived from a single language.
• They include Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit, and the Germanic languages..
HattusasHattusas
Around 1750 BCE, one tribe combined withthe native peoples to form the Hittite kingdom withits capital at Hattusha
Hittite EmpireHittite Empire
Between 1600 and 1200 BCE, they create an empire inwestern Asia and threaten the Egyptians.
Hattusas: Capital of the Hittites
Hattusas: Capital of the Hittites
Hattusas – Lion’s Gate
Hattusas – Lion’s Gate
Hittite Chariots & Warriors
Hittite Chariots & Warriors
Hittite WarriorsHittite WarriorsThe first to use iron weapons, a natural resource in Asia Minor.iron.
Hittite WritingHittite Writing
A Balance of Power: 1200 B. C. E.
A Balance of Power: 1200 B. C. E.
The Battle of KadeshThe Battle of Kadesh
Treaty of Kadesh
Treaty of Kadesh
Ramses II at KadeshRamses II at Kadesh
• Around 1200 BCE, a new waves of Sea People invaders destroy the Hittite Empire
• The end of the Hittite kingdom and the weakening of Egypt allowed small kingdoms and city-states to flourish.
Phoenician Sea Routes
Phoenician Sea Routes
Political independence for the Semite Phoenicians helped them expand their trade.
A Phoenician Bireme Ship
A Phoenician Bireme Ship
The “Royal Purple” DyeThe “Royal Purple” Dye
The Phoenicians producedmany goods for foreign markets, including purple dye, glass, and lumber .
The Phoenicians set up many colonies.
The Phoenicians set up many colonies.
Carthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest ColonyCarthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest Colony
Phoenician City of Byblos:“Home of the Alphabet” and
books
Phoenician City of Byblos:“Home of the Alphabet” and
books
Phoenician City of Byblos:
“Home of the Alphabet”
Phoenician City of Byblos:
“Home of the Alphabet”
Best known for its alphabet, they simplified their Semitic writing by using 22 different signs.
Phoenician AlphabetPhoenician Alphabet
• To the south of the Phoenicians lived another group of Semitic-speaking people known as the Israelites.
Abraham father of three religions
• Hebrews a Semitic people originally from UR.
Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy
ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR
IsaacIsaac
EsauEsauJacobJacob
12 Tribes of Israel
12 Tribes of Israel
Ishmael
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
12 Arabian Tribes
Abraham’s Journey from UrAbraham’s Journey from Ur
Canaan The “Promised Land”Canaan The “Promised Land”
Abraham’s JourneysAbraham’s Journeys
Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People
Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People
The TorahThe Torah
They are monotheists.
The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.
The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.
They are monotheists.
The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.
The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.
Adam and Eveoriginal sin
Noah the great flood
Sumerian Epic of the Flood 2150 BC
Land of Goshen, EgyptLand of Goshen, Egypt
They migrated to Egypt because of drought.
The Egyptians enslaved them until Moses led them out of Egypt.
MosesMoses
“Prince of Egypt”
“Prince of Egypt”
“Shepherd of His People”
“Shepherd of His People”
Passover
The ExodusThe Exodus
Route of the ExodusRoute of the Exodus
Moses and the 10 (600) Commandmets
Moses and the 10 (600) Commandmets
A new “covenant” with Yahweh
A new “covenant” with Yahweh
Mount SinaiMount Sinai
King David 1040–970 BCEKing David 1040–970 BCE
David born in Bethlehem becomes one of King Saul’s armor-bearers and harp player. He kills the Philistine giant Goliath in single combat , winning a war.
King David 1040–970 BCEKing David 1040–970 BCE
He marries Saul’s daughter and becomes King.
He makes Jerusalem the capital and fights off the Hittites.
Solomon’s
Kingdom
Solomon’s
Kingdom
King Solomon 970 to 931 BCE
The wise Solomon greatly strengthened royal power. He expanded the government and army and encouraged trade.
Recreation of Ancient Jerusalem
Recreation of Ancient Jerusalem
King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan
King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan
Solomon is best known for building a templein the city of Jerusalem.Solomon is best known for building a templein the city of Jerusalem.
Inside the Temple Tabernacle
Inside the Temple Tabernacle
The Arcof the
Covenant
The Arcof the
Covenant
The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Then
The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Then
Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall
Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall
The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today
The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today
Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall
Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall
• After Solomon’s death, tension between the northern and southern tribes led to the creation of two separate kingdoms.
Kingdoms of
Israel
&
Judah
Kingdoms of
Israel
&
Judah
• In 722 BCE, the Assyrians overran the Kingdom of Israel.
• In 586 BCE, the neo Assyrians (Chaldeans) and neo Babylonians conquered the Kingdom of Judah.
Israelites in CaptivityIsraelites in Captivity
• Judaism became a stateless religion based on the belief that Yahweh was Creator and Lord of the whole world.
• The Persian Empire allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple.
• Alexander the Great conquers the region 332BCE
• Israel becomes a district of Rome and they destroy the second temple in 70 CE
• Alexander the Great conquers the middle east 332BCE
• Israel becomes a district of Rome and they destroy the second temple in 70 CE
• 639 CE Arabs conquer Middle East • Followed by the Ottoman, French, and British Empires
• Israel would not be an independent Nation State until on 29 November 1947, after the USA forced the Europeans to give up their empires.
Next time the Assyrians pg 61-62
• End
Alexander the Great & the Hellenization of the Near
East
Alexander the Great & the Hellenization of the Near
East
The Great Library at Alexandria.
Egypt
The Great Library at Alexandria.
Egypt
Jerusalem: Reading the Torah
Jerusalem: Reading the Torah
Herod the Great’s Kingdom
Herod the Great’s Kingdom
The Assyrian EmpireThe Assyrian Empire
Assyrian Military Power
Assyrian Military Power
Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s
gods.
Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s
gods.
Jewish Captives: 8c BCE
Jewish Captives: 8c BCE
Babylon under the Chaldeans
Babylon under the Chaldeans
Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon
Ishtar Gate
Ishtar Gate
Hanging Gardensof Babylon?
Hanging Gardensof Babylon?
Israelites in CaptivityIsraelites in Captivity
Alexander the Great & the Hellenization of the Near
East
Alexander the Great & the Hellenization of the Near
East
The Great Library at Alexandria.
Egypt
The Great Library at Alexandria.
Egypt