new biodiversity

7/29/2019 New Biodiversity

1/28

Biodiversity


2/28

Biodiversity is the variety of all life forms: the different planand micro-organisms, their genes and the ecosystems of ware a part.


3/28

Importance of Biodiversity

Humans are dependent on biodiversity for th

sustenance, health, well-being and enjoyment of life

Food- we rely on biodiversity to provide us with a large avaried food source

Health- Humanity derives many of its medicines frbiodiversity.


4/28

The Value of Biodiversity

Recreation- many recreation activitiesrely on or benefit from biodiversity

Inspiration- Biodiversity as a wholeinspires artists, musicians and writers.

Escape- Biodiversity provides asanctuary from the hustle and bustle ofeveryday life.
http://www.skifallscreek.com.au/assets/images/skiing.jpg


5/28

Threats to biodiversity

Habitat loss and fragmentation Competition from invasive species

Pollution

Global climate change

Desertification

Population growth and over consumption

Unsustainable use of natural resources.


6/28

Consequences of loss of Biodivers

A loss of ecosystem services- Protection of water resources, nutrand cycling, Pollution breakdown and absorption

Loss of genetic diversity- Genetic diversity allows species to adaptchanging environmental conditions and stresses.

Reduced food security.


7/28

Preservation of Biodiversity

The National Strategy for the Conservation of Australias BioDiversity

Natural Heritage Trust

Wild life reserves- e.g. National Parks.

Flora and Fauna guarantee act

Endangered species Program

Quarantine

Education

Breeding Programs


8/28

Conservation-

In-situ Conservation -conservation of plant andanimals

Ex-situ Conservation conservation of endangeredspecies


9/28

NEED FOR BIODIVERSITY

CONCERVATION


10/28

Bio means life and diversity means variations. So ingeneral term biodiversity means range of variationsamong all form of lives whether plants and animals.

The genetic diversity leads to formation of a newspecies in the process of natural selection throughchromosomal mutation in the process of sexualreproduction.


11/28

Darwin's theory of evolution of species says onespecies is lost when it can not cope up with the new

surroundings. Another species is created. But thisprocess is very slow and takes millions of years. Butdue to excessive action of the human being thisprocess is manipulated.


12/28


13/28

The human species now uses 40 per cent of theplanet's annual net photosynthesis produce. This

consumption of two fifths of the earth's net foodresources by a single species is incompatible withbiological diversity and stability and leads to loss ofnatural habitats, overexploitation of plant and animspecies.


14/28

Biodiversity conservation is important for themaintenance of food, water, health and livelihood

security as well as climate resilient food productionsystem. With global warming and climate changeposing threats to vegetation, plant and faunaldiversity, the importance of conserving biodiversity gaining momentum.

Medicines originating from wild species, includingpenicillin, aspirin, taxol, and quinine, have savedmillions of lives and alleviated tremendous suffering


15/28

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES


16/28

IUCN, UNEP & WWF 1980 came out with the first global strat

for Conservation.

This strategy defined conservation as :

"Management of human use of biodiversity so that it may yield

greatest sustainable benefit to present generation w

maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspiration

future generation "

This definition involves two complementary component

Conservation' and sustainability .


17/28

There are 2 main strategies

->in-situ conservation strategies

->ex-situ conservation strategies


18/28

In-situ conservation strategies

The preservation of species in its natural habitat iscalled in-situ conservation.

In-situ conservation is being done by declaring area protected area. In India following types of naturalhabitats are being maintained

National parks

Wildlife sanctuaries

Biosphere reserves

-A national park is an area which is strictly reserved forthe betterment of the wildlife. In these parks, evenprivate ownership rights are not allowed.


19/28

-A sanctuary is a protected area which is reserved forthe conservation of only animals and human activitieslike harvesting of timber, collecting minor forestproducts and private ownership rights are allowed as

long as they do not interfere with well-being ofanimals.

- Under MAB (Man and Biosphere) ProgrammeUNESCO has established a number of biospherereserves in the world.


20/28

Legislation

Major central acts relevant to biodiversity include:

Environment Protection Act, 1986

Fisheries Act, 1897

Forest Act, 1927

Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 andWildlife (Protection) Amendment Act 1991


21/28

Landscape approach to conservation.

-where protected and non-protected areas areintegrated through significant protection measuresinitiated at both the state and local community levels.

Recording Indigenous Knowledge.

Community Participation in Biodiversity Conservation

Ex situ conservation strategies


22/28

Ex-situ conservation strategies

Conservation of species in suitable locations outside thenatural habitat.

It includes

-Seed gene bank: This is easiest way to store the germ plasma oplants at low temperature.

-Field gene bank: Genetic variability also be preserved by fieldgene bank under normal growing conditions.

-Cryopreservation: This type of conservation is done at very low

temperature i.e. 196C

-Botanical gardens: have the facilities of seed banks, tissueculture and other latest technologies.

-Zoos: In world there are about 800 zoos. Such zoos have about3000 species of vertebrates. Some zoos have undertaken captivebreeding programmes .


23/28

SEED GENE BANK

CRYOPRESERVATION


24/28

BOTANICAL GARDEN


25/28

Expansion of the protected area network .

- This coverage will provide a better distribution ofprotected areas with less gaps in the protection of biogeographic zones.

Population surveys and db creations.

- surveys on species diversity, populations, locationand extent of habitat, major threats to differentspecies, etc. , and changes in these aspects over timehelps to design a proper strategy for conservation.

Mapping of forest types, protected areas.

-generate maps of the protected areas of the countryshowing their contiguity with the existing reserve andprotected forests.


26/28

International Conservation Strategies

-The Convention on Biological Diversity: This was signed duringthe Earth Summit in 1992. It focuses not only on conservingbiodiversity but also on sustainable use of biological resourcesand equitable sharing of benefits arising from its use.

-The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species oWild Flora and Fauna (CITES): This is an international treaty whicis designed to protect wild plants and animals affected byinternational trade. The treaty, in force since 1975, controls theexport, import and re-export of endangered and threatenedwildlife.

Th C ti W tl d f I t ti l I t


27/28

The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance:This Convention

-also known as the Ramsar Convention, was signed in Ramsar(Iran) in 1971 and came into force in December 1975.

-It provides a framework for international cooperation for theconservation of wetland habitats which have been designated tthe 'List of Wetlands of International Importance'.


28/28

THANK YOU

new biodiversity

Documents