Nevada has a very high biodiversity compared Nevada has a very high biodiversity compared to other states. Which reason to other states. Which reason bestbest explains explains why this is the case?why this is the case?A.A. It is a large state in terms of area It is a large state in terms of area

compared to other states.compared to other states.B.B. It receives more precipitation on average It receives more precipitation on average

compared to other states.compared to other states.C.C. It has numerous ecosystems due to its It has numerous ecosystems due to its

basin and range topography.basin and range topography.D.D. It has few people to disturb plant and It has few people to disturb plant and

animal habitats.animal habitats.

Do Now #22Do Now #22 p.51p.51 Objective: Explore karyotyping and genetic diseaseObjective: Explore karyotyping and genetic disease

Human GeneticsHuman Genetics

Karyotyping and genetic diseaseKaryotyping and genetic disease

What is the difference between an What is the difference between an Autosome and a Sex-chromosome?Autosome and a Sex-chromosome?

AutosomesAutosomes are the first 22 are the first 22 homologous pairs of homologous pairs of human chromosomes that human chromosomes that do not influence the sex of do not influence the sex of an individual.an individual.

Sex ChromosomesSex Chromosomes are the are the 2323rdrd pair of chromosomes pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an that determine the sex of an individual.individual.

KaryotypeKaryotype

Chromosome Chromosome NumberNumber

Different # for Different # for different speciesdifferent species

Full setFull set = 2N= = 2N=DiploidDiploid N=N= # pairs# pairs 1 pair from mother1 pair from mother 1 pair from father1 pair from father Humans= Humans= 23 pairs23 pairs or or 46 total46 total

Homologous Chromosomes are the sets of each pair

Autosomes & Sex Autosomes & Sex ChromosomesChromosomes

Autosomes = # 1-22 for all traits except sex

Sex chromosomes= Pair # 23 XX(female) orXY(male)

Karyotyping Karyotyping Video

Introduction to Genetic Introduction to Genetic DiseaseDisease

Sickle Cell diseaseSickle Cell disease

Sickle cell disease is a Sickle cell disease is a disorder that affects the disorder that affects the red blood cellsred blood cells

You inherit the gene from You inherit the gene from both parentsboth parents

Sickle cell disease Sickle cell disease prevents oxygen from prevents oxygen from reaching the spleen, liver, reaching the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, or kidneys, lungs, heart, or other organs, causing a other organs, causing a

lot of damagelot of damage..

See video

Cystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is a Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder genetic disorder that affects the that affects the respiratory and respiratory and digestive systemsdigestive systems

You have to inherit You have to inherit the CF gene from the CF gene from both parentsboth parents

Down SyndromeDown Syndrome

Down Syndrome: Down Syndrome: extra copy of extra copy of chromosome 21chromosome 21

Down Syndrome= 3 of #21Down Syndrome= 3 of #21

Klinefelter’s SyndromeKlinefelter’s Syndrome

Klinefelter’s: Klinefelter’s: Klinefelter syndrome Klinefelter syndrome is a disorder that is a disorder that affects only males. affects only males. Males who have Males who have Klinefelter syndrome Klinefelter syndrome have an extra X have an extra X chromosome (XXY).chromosome (XXY).

                                                    What is Turner syndrome?

Klinefelter’s = XXYKlinefelter’s = XXY

Turner SyndromeTurner Syndrome

Turner Syndrome: Turner Syndrome: Missing or Missing or incomplete X incomplete X chromosome. chromosome. People People who have Turner who have Turner syndrome develop as syndrome develop as females. The genes females. The genes affected are involved affected are involved in growth and sexual in growth and sexual developmentdevelopment

Video

Huntington's DiseaseHuntington's Disease

Huntington's Huntington's Disease (HD) is a Disease (HD) is a brain disorder that brain disorder that affects a person's affects a person's ability to think, talk, ability to think, talk, and move.and move.

Huntington's disease Huntington's disease is inherited is inherited

Too many “CAG” Too many “CAG” tripletstriplets

Williams SyndromeWilliams Syndrome

Affects a child's Affects a child's growth, physical growth, physical appearance, and appearance, and cognitive cognitive development.development.

People who have People who have Williams syndrome Williams syndrome are missing genetic are missing genetic material from material from chromosome 7chromosome 7

Phenylketonuria (PKU)Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Phenylketonuria is a Phenylketonuria is a rare metabolic rare metabolic disorder that affects disorder that affects the way the body the way the body breaks down proteinbreaks down protein

You have to inherit You have to inherit the PKU gene from the PKU gene from both parentsboth parents

List of other Genetic DisordersList of other Genetic Disorders

Trisomy 13Trisomy 13 Trisomy 18Trisomy 18 Deletion 5Deletion 5 Jacobs syndromeJacobs syndrome Triple XTriple X Cri-du-chatCri-du-chat

Karyotype ActivityKaryotype Activity

ObjectiveObjective: To learn how to construct a : To learn how to construct a Karyotype and discover different genetic Karyotype and discover different genetic diseases from a karyotype.diseases from a karyotype.

ProcedureProcedure::1.1. Work in groups of 2-3.Work in groups of 2-3.2.2. Construct a karyotype from one smearConstruct a karyotype from one smear3.3. Use “Information on Chromosome Disorders” Use “Information on Chromosome Disorders”

to identify the type of mutation.to identify the type of mutation.4.4. Answer questions on the handout.Answer questions on the handout.