neurulation (see slides posted at end of db5 ppt) inducer responder
Post on 21-Dec-2015
221 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Neurulation
(see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt)
Inducer Responder
![Page 2: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SignalingInducer Responder
![Page 3: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Signals can actin a graded fashion
![Page 4: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Setting up a signaling gradient:
the role of the wingless gene
![Page 5: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cells know theirpositions within the body anddifferentiateaccordingly
Anterior
Posterior
A- HairP- Bare Skin
segment
![Page 6: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
wild type
A = hair
P = bare skin
To set up this pattern, flies use the secreted protein Wingless to specify a posterior fate
segment
![Page 7: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
BePosterior!
Cells instruct one anothervia cell-cell signaling pathways
![Page 8: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
BePosterior!
Cell-cell signaling can be influenced by distance between cells
Yes Ma'am!
Pardon me?
![Page 9: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Anterior: Low Wingless,Hairs
Posterior: High Wingless,Naked Cuticle
![Page 10: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Wingless-expressing cellsWingless diffusesaway from the cellsthat secrete it
![Page 11: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Wingless signaling specifies posterior cell fates in the ventral epidermis
arm mutantwild typeALL cells have anterior (hair) fate
A = hair
P = bare skin
![Page 12: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Therefore, all cells can see wingless, and the concentration of wingless itself is what determines cell fate
Setting up a signal gradient
![Page 13: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Turn on new genes!
Yes Ma'am!
Cell surface
Nucleus
Signal transduction moves information
from the cell surface to the nucleus and
other cellular targets
![Page 14: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Turn on new genes; pass it on
Yes Ma'am!
Cell surface
Nucleus
Turn on new genes; pass it on Turn on
new genes; pass it on
Turn on new genes; pass it on
Signal transduction occurs through a series of steps
![Page 15: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Geneticsrevealed theligand andproteins inthis signal
transductionpathway
![Page 16: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Genetics can also position proteins within the signaling pathway
![Page 17: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
An example of the conservation of
key developmentalregulatory machinery
across animal phyla
flies mammalsSee Figure 3.28
![Page 18: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Colon cancer, the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S.,
results from inappropriate Wnt signaling
Polyps, the first stageIn tumor development
![Page 19: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Insects:
A model systemto study hormonalcontrol ofpostembryonic development
Figure 15.9
Long range signaling
![Page 20: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Vincent B. Wigglesworth
Discovered that blood-borne hormones control insect metamorphosis through experiments with a blood-sucking bug, Rhodnius prolixus
![Page 21: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Blood-bornehormonesregulatethe timing ofmetamorphosis
Experiment #1
induces 1st instar larva to molt into very small adult
![Page 22: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Experiment #2
Other hormones prevent metamorphosis
![Page 23: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Experiment #3
Other hormones prevent metamorphosis
Transplant corpus allatum from 4th to 5th instar larva
Result: blocks metamorphosis, instead get “6th instar larva”
Adult
![Page 24: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The cascade of hormonesregulating insectmetamophosis
Figure 15.16
PTTH
20E
![Page 25: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Steroid hormones (ie 20E):hydrophobic signaling molecules
that can pass through the plasma membrane
20E
Figure 15.16
![Page 26: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Most signals
Steroid hormones
(ie. 20E)
![Page 27: Neurulation (see slides posted at end of DB5 ppt) Inducer Responder](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d5d5503460f94a3cda9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
An insecticide produced by plants cause premature metamorphosis