Laboratory 1:Laboratory 1:Neurohistology & UltrastructureNeurohistology & Ultrastructure

Medical NeuroscienceMedical College of Wisconsin

2009

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1

ObjectivesObjectives• Identify the following components of neurons and peripheral nerves:

• Describe the function(s) of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia and ependymal cells.

• Identify notes of Ranvier in longitudinal sections of peripheral nerves.• Explain saltatory conduction and the significance of nodes of Ranvier.• Distinguish myelinated and unmyelinated nerves, oligodendrocytes &

Schwann cells at the ultrastructural level.• Identify components of neurons & peripheral nerves on electron

micrographs.

Neurons:• Cell body / soma / perikaryon• Dendrites• Axon• Axon hillock / initial segment• Neurofilaments• Nissl substance

Nerve:• Nerve fibers• Fascicles• Epineurium• Perineurium• Endoneurium

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 202 – Nissl bodies in human spinal cord (0.63X)

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 202 – Nissl bodies in human spinal cord (20X)

14. neuron soma

15. Nissl substance / rough ER

15. Nissl substance / rough ER

1. astrocyte

1. astrocyte

1. astrocyte

17. oligodendrocyte

17. oligodendrocyte

17. oligodendrocyte

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 202 – Nissl bodies in human spinal cord (40X)

15. Nissl substance / rough ER

15. Nissl substance / rough ER

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 201 – Giant Multipolar Neurons (5X)

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 202 – Nissl bodies in human spinal cord (20X)

3. axon hillock

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1

Figure 2-1. Figure 2-1. The body of a Small Pyramidal The body of a Small Pyramidal NeuronNeuron Figure 2-3. Figure 2-3. Pyramidal NeuronPyramidal Neuron

11. microtubules

11. microtubules

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1

Figure 6-4. Figure 6-4. Unmeylinated Axons – Adult Peripherial NerveUnmeylinated Axons – Adult Peripherial NerveFigure 6-5. Figure 6-5. Myelinated Axon – Adult Peripheral NerveMyelinated Axon – Adult Peripheral Nerve

12. myelin sheath

12. myelin sheath

11. microtubules20. Schwann cell

20. Schwann cell11. microtubules

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1

Figure 6-15. Figure 6-15. Node of Ranvier – Central Nervous SystemNode of Ranvier – Central Nervous System

11. microtubules13. neurofilaments

11. microtubules

16. node of Ranvier

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 204 – Myelinated Nerve C.S. & L.S. (5X)

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 204 – Myelinated Nerve C.S. & L.S. (40X)

12. myelin sheath

12. myelin sheath

12. myelin sheath

17. oligodendrocyte

17. oligodendrocyte

17. oligodendrocyte

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 204 – Myelinated Nerve C.S. & L.S. (5X)

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 204 – Myelinated Nerve C.S. & L.S. (40X)

16. node of Ranvier

17. oligodendrocyte

17. oligodendrocyte17. oligodendrocyte

16. node of Ranvier

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1

136. 136. Spinal cord level - Spinal cord level - cervicalcervical

Slide 210 – Spinal Cord (0.32X)

• Has the most amount of white matter• Oval shape (vs. rounded for other regions)

• Larger anterior horn vs. thoracic region (due to muscle supply of upper limb)

• Fasciculus gracilis is present• Fascicululs cuneatus is present

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1

136. 136. Spinal cord level - Spinal cord level - cervicalcervical

Slide 210 – Spinal Cord (0.32X)

central canalcentral canal

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1

123. 123. Spinal cord – central Spinal cord – central canalcanal

Slide 210 – Spinal Cord (5X)

5. central canal of spinal cord

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1

123. 123. Spinal cord – central Spinal cord – central canalcanal

Slide 210 – Spinal Cord (20X)

8. ependynmal cell

5. central canal of spinal cord

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 203 – Myelinated Nerve – Human C.S., Osmic Acid (1.25X)

9. epineurium

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 203 – Myelinated Nerve – Human C.S., Osmic Acid (10X)

9. epineurium

18. perineurium

18. perineurium

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 203 – Myelinated Nerve – Human C.S., Osmic Acid (40X)

7. endoneurium

7. endoneurium

18. perineurium

12. meylin sheath

12. meylin sheath

2. axon

2. axon

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 205 – Peripheral Nerve – mammal C.S. (5X)

Medical Neuroscience Laboratory 1 Slide 205 – Peripheral Nerve – mammal C.S. (40X)

12. meylin sheath 2. axon

12. meylin sheath

2. axon

18. perineurium