Neuroscience in the Biological Intelligence MRT

Bill Greenough, Co-Chair

Intelligent Hearing Aid ProjectBeckman Institute

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Investigators: Albert Feng, Chen Liu, Bruce Wheeler, Douglas Jones, William O’Brien, Charissa Lansing, Robert Bilger

Goal:

Develop high performance auditory processors which can effectively extract a desired speech signal in the presence of multiple competing sounds.

Intelligent Hearing Aid Device

Stir your coffee with a spoon

He killed the dragon with his sword

Combined Speech Waveform

His plan meant taking a big risk

He killed the dragon with his sword

Beckman InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-

ChampaignNovember 1999

• Separation by Frequency• Dual Delay Lines• Identify Source Locations• Cancel Noise by Steering Nulls

Algorithm #1: Localization and Cancellation

Localization in the Brain Localization by Computer(measure of coincidence => azimuth)

Algorithm #1: Localization and Cancellation

Beckman InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-

ChampaignNovember 1999

Beckman InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-

ChampaignNovember 1999

Algorithm #2: Minimum Variance Cancellation

• Separation by Frequency

• Minimize Off-Axis Signal Strength

Beckman InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-

ChampaignNovember 1999

Current and Future Work

• Real-Time Implementation on a DSP board

• Field tests in rooms with different acoustics

• Human subject tests (normal and hearing impaired

listeners) • Dereverberation

Thanks to Dr. Chen Liu (now @ Motorola), Dr. Marc Gouygou (now @ Univ. Lisle), and graduate students Mike Lockwood and Mark Elledge

Implications for the Beckman Institute of Recent Events in Campuswide Biology? (Update)

On the Positive Side:* Biomedical Engineering Department?* Campuswide Biotechnology Initiative

On the Down Side:* Subramaniam Departure (Bioinformatics)* Beebe Departure (Bio-MEMS)

Other New Interdisciplinary Biology Programs In The Beckman Institute

*Mouse Neurobehavioral Characterization Project

* The Dendrite Project

Mouse Behavioral Test Battery (Clayton, Black, Gillette, Greenough, Li)* Issue: Neurobehavioral characterization of genetically altered mice* Basic sensory-motor abilities* Activity level* Learning and memory* Emotionality-anxiety* Funding: UI Critical Research Initiatives* Possible program project application

Ele

vate

d P

lus

Maz

e

Elevated Plus Maze

Light Dark Box

Measures locomotor activity as well as providing a partial measure of anxiety related activities

Open Field Test

The Whole Dendrite Project

Co-PIs: W. Greenough & J. Eberwine (U.Penn)

Participants: J. Bower (Caltech), B. Connors (Brown), M. Dichter (Penn), G. Dreyfuss (Penn), E. Finch (Emory), M. Ellisman (UCSD), D. Hunt (U. VA), K. Khodakhah (U. Colorado), K. Kosic (Brigham & Women’s Hosp.), B. Mel (U. So. Calif.), J. Morrison (Mt. Sinai, NY), F. Schweizer (UCLA), M. Segal (Tel Aviv), O. Steward (UC Irvine), S. Subramaniam (UI->UCSD), J. Sweedler (Beckman)

The “Funnel” concept of dendritic function suggested that dendrites were passive cables that decrementally conducted the potentials arising from synaptic inputs to the site of impulse generation (traditionally the axon hillock).

(The “Funnel” concept)

AAAAA

AAAAA

Dendrites as Quasi-Independent Compartments

AAAAA AAAAA

AAAAAAAAAA

1

2

3

2nd messengersystems

Proteinkinases

Ca2+

Receptortyrosinekinases

Glu

Ach

DA

AMPA

NMDA

mGluR

BDNF

NGF

4

GABA5

MAP phospho-MAP

p

Hormones,Growthfactors

Dendrites as Multiple Metabolic Compartments

How Should Beckman Participate in Future Campuswide Biology?

* Basic Neuroscience * Cognitive Neuroscience* Bioengineering - Bio-MEMS* Bioinformatics* Other BI Biology Initiatives?