neuroplasticity: a paradigm sea change
Post on 18-Oct-2014
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DESCRIPTION
Neuroplasticity greatly affects the eye and vision care of those with binocular vision dysfunction and disability. This presentation informs us how to use the prinicples of neuroplasticity in our care of patients.TRANSCRIPT
Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Disclosure Statement Nothing to disclose
Please silence all mobile devices Unauthorized recording of this session is prohibited
Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610
ARIEL [sings]
Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made
Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade
But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
PresenterTitle Contact info
Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610
ARIEL [sings]
Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made
Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade
But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
I Sea Change (Meaning)
A radical and apparently mystical change
It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do
in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior
transformative fashion
Neuroplasticity
Up until recentlyhellipapparently unknown to many within the professions of optometry and ophthalmologyhellip
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
II The Brain
hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard case
hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
III CriticalSensitive Periods
A A critical period occurs when the individual is sensitive to environmental influences and stimulation
1 The Precritical period The initial formation of neuronal circuits that is not dependent on visual experience
CriticalSensitive Periods
2 The Critical period A distinct onset of robust plasticity in response to the visual experience when the initially formed circuit can be modified by experience
3 Closure of the critical period After the end of the critical period the same visual experience no longer elicits the same degree of plasticity
CriticalSensitive Periods
B The concept of a critical period does not imply that neuroplasticity ends after a certain age
C Sensitive period begins and ends gradually (not abruptly like the critical period) and provides for maximum sensitivity
to stimuli
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
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Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
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Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
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Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
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Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
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Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610
ARIEL [sings]
Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made
Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade
But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
PresenterTitle Contact info
Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610
ARIEL [sings]
Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made
Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade
But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
I Sea Change (Meaning)
A radical and apparently mystical change
It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do
in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior
transformative fashion
Neuroplasticity
Up until recentlyhellipapparently unknown to many within the professions of optometry and ophthalmologyhellip
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
II The Brain
hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard case
hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
III CriticalSensitive Periods
A A critical period occurs when the individual is sensitive to environmental influences and stimulation
1 The Precritical period The initial formation of neuronal circuits that is not dependent on visual experience
CriticalSensitive Periods
2 The Critical period A distinct onset of robust plasticity in response to the visual experience when the initially formed circuit can be modified by experience
3 Closure of the critical period After the end of the critical period the same visual experience no longer elicits the same degree of plasticity
CriticalSensitive Periods
B The concept of a critical period does not imply that neuroplasticity ends after a certain age
C Sensitive period begins and ends gradually (not abruptly like the critical period) and provides for maximum sensitivity
to stimuli
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
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Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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PresenterTitle Contact info
Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610
ARIEL [sings]
Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made
Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade
But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
I Sea Change (Meaning)
A radical and apparently mystical change
It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do
in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior
transformative fashion
Neuroplasticity
Up until recentlyhellipapparently unknown to many within the professions of optometry and ophthalmologyhellip
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
II The Brain
hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard case
hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
III CriticalSensitive Periods
A A critical period occurs when the individual is sensitive to environmental influences and stimulation
1 The Precritical period The initial formation of neuronal circuits that is not dependent on visual experience
CriticalSensitive Periods
2 The Critical period A distinct onset of robust plasticity in response to the visual experience when the initially formed circuit can be modified by experience
3 Closure of the critical period After the end of the critical period the same visual experience no longer elicits the same degree of plasticity
CriticalSensitive Periods
B The concept of a critical period does not imply that neuroplasticity ends after a certain age
C Sensitive period begins and ends gradually (not abruptly like the critical period) and provides for maximum sensitivity
to stimuli
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
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Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610
ARIEL [sings]
Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made
Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade
But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
I Sea Change (Meaning)
A radical and apparently mystical change
It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do
in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior
transformative fashion
Neuroplasticity
Up until recentlyhellipapparently unknown to many within the professions of optometry and ophthalmologyhellip
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
II The Brain
hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard case
hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
III CriticalSensitive Periods
A A critical period occurs when the individual is sensitive to environmental influences and stimulation
1 The Precritical period The initial formation of neuronal circuits that is not dependent on visual experience
CriticalSensitive Periods
2 The Critical period A distinct onset of robust plasticity in response to the visual experience when the initially formed circuit can be modified by experience
3 Closure of the critical period After the end of the critical period the same visual experience no longer elicits the same degree of plasticity
CriticalSensitive Periods
B The concept of a critical period does not imply that neuroplasticity ends after a certain age
C Sensitive period begins and ends gradually (not abruptly like the critical period) and provides for maximum sensitivity
to stimuli
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
I Sea Change (Meaning)
A radical and apparently mystical change
It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do
in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior
transformative fashion
Neuroplasticity
Up until recentlyhellipapparently unknown to many within the professions of optometry and ophthalmologyhellip
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
II The Brain
hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard case
hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
III CriticalSensitive Periods
A A critical period occurs when the individual is sensitive to environmental influences and stimulation
1 The Precritical period The initial formation of neuronal circuits that is not dependent on visual experience
CriticalSensitive Periods
2 The Critical period A distinct onset of robust plasticity in response to the visual experience when the initially formed circuit can be modified by experience
3 Closure of the critical period After the end of the critical period the same visual experience no longer elicits the same degree of plasticity
CriticalSensitive Periods
B The concept of a critical period does not imply that neuroplasticity ends after a certain age
C Sensitive period begins and ends gradually (not abruptly like the critical period) and provides for maximum sensitivity
to stimuli
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
Neuroplasticity
Up until recentlyhellipapparently unknown to many within the professions of optometry and ophthalmologyhellip
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
II The Brain
hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard case
hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
III CriticalSensitive Periods
A A critical period occurs when the individual is sensitive to environmental influences and stimulation
1 The Precritical period The initial formation of neuronal circuits that is not dependent on visual experience
CriticalSensitive Periods
2 The Critical period A distinct onset of robust plasticity in response to the visual experience when the initially formed circuit can be modified by experience
3 Closure of the critical period After the end of the critical period the same visual experience no longer elicits the same degree of plasticity
CriticalSensitive Periods
B The concept of a critical period does not imply that neuroplasticity ends after a certain age
C Sensitive period begins and ends gradually (not abruptly like the critical period) and provides for maximum sensitivity
to stimuli
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
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- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
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- Slide Number 70
-
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
The BrainA hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard caseB hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
II The Brain
hellip is not just a static soft round mass bathed in a fluid and surrounded by a hard case
hellip can change its form and resultant function through neuroplasticity
III CriticalSensitive Periods
A A critical period occurs when the individual is sensitive to environmental influences and stimulation
1 The Precritical period The initial formation of neuronal circuits that is not dependent on visual experience
CriticalSensitive Periods
2 The Critical period A distinct onset of robust plasticity in response to the visual experience when the initially formed circuit can be modified by experience
3 Closure of the critical period After the end of the critical period the same visual experience no longer elicits the same degree of plasticity
CriticalSensitive Periods
B The concept of a critical period does not imply that neuroplasticity ends after a certain age
C Sensitive period begins and ends gradually (not abruptly like the critical period) and provides for maximum sensitivity
to stimuli
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
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- Slide Number 70
-
III CriticalSensitive Periods
A A critical period occurs when the individual is sensitive to environmental influences and stimulation
1 The Precritical period The initial formation of neuronal circuits that is not dependent on visual experience
CriticalSensitive Periods
2 The Critical period A distinct onset of robust plasticity in response to the visual experience when the initially formed circuit can be modified by experience
3 Closure of the critical period After the end of the critical period the same visual experience no longer elicits the same degree of plasticity
CriticalSensitive Periods
B The concept of a critical period does not imply that neuroplasticity ends after a certain age
C Sensitive period begins and ends gradually (not abruptly like the critical period) and provides for maximum sensitivity
to stimuli
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
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- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
CriticalSensitive Periods
2 The Critical period A distinct onset of robust plasticity in response to the visual experience when the initially formed circuit can be modified by experience
3 Closure of the critical period After the end of the critical period the same visual experience no longer elicits the same degree of plasticity
CriticalSensitive Periods
B The concept of a critical period does not imply that neuroplasticity ends after a certain age
C Sensitive period begins and ends gradually (not abruptly like the critical period) and provides for maximum sensitivity
to stimuli
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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- Slide Number 62
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- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
CriticalSensitive Periods
B The concept of a critical period does not imply that neuroplasticity ends after a certain age
C Sensitive period begins and ends gradually (not abruptly like the critical period) and provides for maximum sensitivity
to stimuli
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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- Slide Number 70
-
VI Neuroplasticity and the Brain
A Can adult brain neurons actually exhibit neuroplasticity The short answer is yes
B Resultant changes are noted in not only functional outcomes but also in brain anatomy and structure
IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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IV Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation
Kleim amp Jones note that
A The Key Principles of Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity
1 Use it or lose it
2 Use it and improve it
3 Specificity
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
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- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
4 Repetition matters
5 Intensity matters
6 Time matters
7 Salience matters
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
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- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
8 Age matters
9 Transference
10 Interference
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
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- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occur
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular function
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and function
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetition
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
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- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensity
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapy
Salience matters It has to be important to the individual
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brain
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
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- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviors
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
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- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
2) Typists
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
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- Slide Number 12
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
1) Jugglers
One study suggested that adults taught how to juggle demonstrated a significant transient bilateral expansion of gray matter in the mid-temporal area and the left posterior intraparietal sulcus between baseline brain scan and follow-up The findings were specific to training stimulus individuals who were not instructed how to juggle demonstrated no change in gray matter over the same period These
findings oppose the conventional understanding that the anatomical structure of the adult brain does not change over time
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
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- Slide Number 12
- Slide Number 13
- Slide Number 14
- Slide Number 15
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- Slide Number 50
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- Slide Number 55
- Slide Number 56
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- Slide Number 58
- Slide Number 59
- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
B Examples of Changes in Function and Structure
2) Typists
helliplong-term bimanual training also increases gray matter volume in experienced adult typists
These results suggest that learning not only affects function but also structure in adult brains
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
B Reactive plasticity
C Adaptational plasticity
D Reparation plasticity
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
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-
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
A Evolutionary neuroplasticity
hellip is ideally suited for the developmental OD who specializes in vision function as it changes over time either with or without intervention
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
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- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
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- Slide Number 70
-
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
B Reactive plasticity
hellip can be thought of as the immediate effect that initial optometric treatment may have on a system This can be reflected in an immediate but often transient change in the individualrsquos accommodative systemmdashie when an uncorrected myope initially puts on his or her new spectacles
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
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- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
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-
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
C Adaptational plasticity
hellip could describe the long-term effects of in-office optometric vision therapy on disorders of the binocular vision system
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
D Reparation plasticity
hellipin contrast to adaptational plasticity may occur during treatment by a low vision specialist or an OD working with those who have experienceda traumatic brain injury (TBI)
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
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Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
V Neuroplasticity and Optometry
The effects of plasticity can lead to either positive or negative changes during development (evolutionary plasticity) after short-term exposure (reactive plasticity) after long-term or continuous stimuli (adaptational plasticity) and during functional or structural recovery of damaged neuronal circuits (reparation plasticity)
httpwwwciteulikeorguserjasonepriorarticle2856526
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
B Amblyopia
C Strabismus
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
D Non-strabismus non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
E Learning related vision anomalies
F Vision developmentperception disorders
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
A Refractive error development
Several recent studies have noted that neuroplasticity may play a role in refractive error development
retinal defocus use of progressive addition lenses drug studies (M1-antagonist2 pirenzepine ) slow myopia progression demonstrated nearly a 50 reduction in myopia progression over a two-year period
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47 Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96 Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3 Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57 Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine results from 2 randomized clinical trialsLevodopacarbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
B Amblyopia
Bottom LineAmblyopia can be treated at any age
May be able to use neuro-enhancing drugs as a part of basic amblyopia therapy
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
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- Slide Number 66
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- Slide Number 70
-
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
C Strabismus and non-strabismic non-amblyopic binocular vision disorders
Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children has clearly demonstrated the superiority of in-office optometric vision therapy (in conjunction with home therapy) vs out-of-office therapy alone The study concluded that optometric vision therapyorthoptics was more effective than pencil push-ups or placebo vision therapyorthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving clinical signs of convergence insufficiency
Long-term effectiveness of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children (Optom Vis Sci 2009 Sep86(9)1096-103)
CITT patients improvements lasted a year
VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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VI Management and Treatment of Disorders of the Visual System and Neuroplasticity
Bottom Line
Optometric Vision Therapy is the most efficacious treatment available for binocular vision disorders and the
treatment effects are long lasting
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision
developmentperception disorders
hellipresearch includes an examination of the role vision plays in reading the effect of oculomotor vergence and accommodativecoherent motion therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed the diagnosis and treatment of perceptual disorders and the effect of therapy on various learning anomalies
EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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EF Learning related vision anomalies Vision developmentperception disorders
magnocellular (MC) deficit in dyslexiaLM speed-matching ratio predicts reading in childrenChase C Dougherty RF Ray N
Fowler S Stein JOptom Vis Sci 2007 Mar84(3)229-36Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehension Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J
Ficarra A Silverman M Larson S J Learn Disabil 2003 Nov-Dec36(6)556-63Is there a common linkage among reading comprehension visual attention and
magnocellular processing Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay JF Hansen PC Larson SJ Learn Disabil 2007 May-Jun40(3)270-8Lawton T Filtered Text and Direction Discrimination Training Improved Reading
Fluency for Both Dyslexic and Normal Readers Optom Vis Dev 200839 (3)114Fischer B Hartnegg K Saccade control in dyslexia Development deficits training
and transfer to reading Optom Vis Dev 200839(4)181-190
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
A Exotropia (or high exophoriaCI)
B Accommodative dysfunction
C Convergence insufficiency
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
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- Slide Number 66
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- Slide Number 70
-
D Decreased blink rate
E Spatial disorientation
F Pursuitsaccade dysfunction
G Unstable ambient vision (Magnocellular pathway)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Stelmack JA Frith T Van Koevering D Rinne S Stelmack TR Visual function in patients followed at a Veterans Affairs polytrauma network site an electronic medical record review Optometry 2009 Aug80(8)419-24
RESULTS Visual symptoms were self-reported by 76 of patients with polytrauma and 75 of the patients with TBI Problems with reading (polytrauma 60 and TBI 50) and accommodation (polytrauma 30 and TBI 47) were frequently found on eye examinations Spectacles were the treatment most frequently prescribed (polytrauma 62 and TBI 78) CONCLUSIONS It is important for optometrists to be aware of the high rates of self-reported symptoms and visual problems in military personnel returning from deployment to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression may complicate optometric evaluation and management
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Avoidance of near tasksOculomotor-based reading difficulties
Eye tracking problemsEye focusing problems
Eyestrain DiplopiaDizziness Vertigo
Vision-derived nausea
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Increased sensitivity to visual motionVisual inattention and distractibility
Short-term visual memory lossDifficulty judging distances (relative and absolute
Difficulty with global scanningDifficulty with personal grooming especially involving the faceInability to interactcope visually in a complex social situation
(eg minimal eye contact)Inability to tolerate complex visual environments (eg grocery store
aisles and highly-patterned floors)
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
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- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
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-
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Ciuffreda KJ Ludlam DP Kapoor N Clinical oculomotor training in traumatic brain injury Optom Vis Dev 200940(1)16-23
Individuals with traumatic brain injury present with a constellation of oculomotor dysfunctions and correlated symptoms Simple and effective clinical oculomotor-based training procedures will be presented with respect to the versional vergence and accommodative systems and their interactions These therapeutic procedures can also be applied as needed to individuals with either low vision neurological dysfunctions or general visual skills cases manifesting similar oculomotor deficits
VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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VII Vision dysfunction association with acquired brain injury
Current ResearchLiterature ReviewsInternet Resources
Leslie S Myopia and accommodative insufficiency associated with moderate head trauma Opt Vis Dev 200940(1)25-31
The majority of subjects reviewed had developed a stable degree of myopia between 100 and 200 diopters as well as an abnormally high lag of accommodation When their distance and near spatial area of focus was compared the majority were focused at an intermediate area in space suggesting a loss of control of accommodation in space
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
B Drugs
C Exercise
D Learning new and challenging things
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Slide Number 13
- Slide Number 14
- Slide Number 15
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- Slide Number 17
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- Slide Number 20
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- Slide Number 31
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- Slide Number 36
- Slide Number 37
- Slide Number 38
- Slide Number 39
- Slide Number 40
- Slide Number 41
- Slide Number 42
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Slide Number 47
- Slide Number 48
- Slide Number 49
- Slide Number 50
- Slide Number 51
- Slide Number 52
- Slide Number 53
- Slide Number 54
- Slide Number 55
- Slide Number 56
- Slide Number 57
- Slide Number 58
- Slide Number 59
- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
A Brain Foods
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
B Drugs Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8 Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26 Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginineimproves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatinetransporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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- Slide Number 63
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- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
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VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
C Exercise
Hunsberger JG et al Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF Nat Med 2007 Dec 2 131476
VGF may be a common pathway by which exercise induces neuroplasticity and growth-factor genes at least one of these might act similarly to antidepressants in promoting an adaptive response to stress However the tests used here may be modeling stress-induced helplessness not depression hellipexercise seems to induce multiple interacting genes that enhance neuronal resilience
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Slide Number 13
- Slide Number 14
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Slide Number 17
- Slide Number 18
- Slide Number 19
- Slide Number 20
- Slide Number 21
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- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Slide Number 26
- Slide Number 27
- Slide Number 28
- Slide Number 29
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Slide Number 32
- Slide Number 33
- Slide Number 34
- Slide Number 35
- Slide Number 36
- Slide Number 37
- Slide Number 38
- Slide Number 39
- Slide Number 40
- Slide Number 41
- Slide Number 42
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Slide Number 47
- Slide Number 48
- Slide Number 49
- Slide Number 50
- Slide Number 51
- Slide Number 52
- Slide Number 53
- Slide Number 54
- Slide Number 55
- Slide Number 56
- Slide Number 57
- Slide Number 58
- Slide Number 59
- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
VIII Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
D Learning new and challenging things
What have we (optometry amp ophthalmology)
been thinking all these years
Where did we miss the news about neuroplasticity
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Huang JC Neuroplasticity as a proposed mechanism for the efficacy of optometric vision therapy and rehabilitation J Bev Optom 200920(4)96-100
Homologous area adaptationCompensatory masqueradeCross-modal reassignment
Map expansion
EquipotentialityVicariation
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Homologous area adaptation a transfer of function from a damaged brain area to a non-damaged brain area May be limited to early stages of human development and may crowd a new brain area resulting in reduced functionality of that brain area (Competition between spatial amp verbal functioning)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Slide Number 13
- Slide Number 14
- Slide Number 15
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- Slide Number 50
- Slide Number 51
- Slide Number 52
- Slide Number 53
- Slide Number 54
- Slide Number 55
- Slide Number 56
- Slide Number 57
- Slide Number 58
- Slide Number 59
- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Compensatory masquerade reorganizing of existing neuro-pathways to us alternative cognitive strategies to perform a task
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Cross-modal reassignment using new sensory input in a brain structure deprived of its main input source (changing processing from visual to tactile stimuli in the blind)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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- Slide Number 70
-
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Map expansion increase in brain mass due to repeated behavior or exposure to stimuli
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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-
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Equipotentiality anatomical areas of the brain can perform disparate functions
Vicariation redundant neural systems can operate under abnormal conditions
This may explain why recovery is noted for many neurological conditions (degenerative psychiatric developmental vascular traumatic)
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Constraint therapy Use it and improve it
Patching penalization ldquonear activitiesrdquo during amblyopia therapy
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Slide Number 13
- Slide Number 14
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Slide Number 17
- Slide Number 18
- Slide Number 19
- Slide Number 20
- Slide Number 21
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- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Slide Number 26
- Slide Number 27
- Slide Number 28
- Slide Number 29
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- Slide Number 31
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- Slide Number 33
- Slide Number 34
- Slide Number 35
- Slide Number 36
- Slide Number 37
- Slide Number 38
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- Slide Number 40
- Slide Number 41
- Slide Number 42
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Slide Number 47
- Slide Number 48
- Slide Number 49
- Slide Number 50
- Slide Number 51
- Slide Number 52
- Slide Number 53
- Slide Number 54
- Slide Number 55
- Slide Number 56
- Slide Number 57
- Slide Number 58
- Slide Number 59
- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical ApplicationsOptometric Vision Therapy
Kleim amp Jones
Use it or lose it If you do not drive specific brain functions functional loss will occurIf you want to improve oculomotor brain neuroplasticity functionstructure therapy should be specific for that brain function
Use it and improve it Therapy that drives cortical function enhances that particular functionIf you use therapy to improve oculomotor dysfunction it should improve
Specificity The therapy you choose determines the resultant plasticity and functionYou must choose therapy that is appropriate
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Repetition matters Plasticity that results in functional change requires repetitionDo the therapy Do it again Do it yet again No quick fix
Intensity matters Induction of plasticity requires the appropriate amount of intensityIntensity means strength force concentration power and passion Without these plasticity may not occur Function may not improve
Time matters Different forms of plasticity take place at different times during therapyDo the basics than the more advanced therapeutic procedures
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Slide Number 13
- Slide Number 14
- Slide Number 15
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- Slide Number 50
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- Slide Number 52
- Slide Number 53
- Slide Number 54
- Slide Number 55
- Slide Number 56
- Slide Number 57
- Slide Number 58
- Slide Number 59
- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Salience matters It has to be important to the individualMake the therapy matter to the patient
Age matters Plasticity is easier in a younger brain but is also possible in an adult brainDo not let age determine what therapy options you offer your patients Think of Susan Barry PhD (StereoSue) and her success Offer your patients options Let them choose Be realistic about outcomeshelliphave outcome measures built into therapy program
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
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- Slide Number 64
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- Slide Number 66
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- Slide Number 70
-
IX Improving Brain Function and Neuroplasticity
Optometric Clinical Applications
Kleim amp Jones
Transference Neuroplasticity and the change in function that results from one therapy can augment the attainment of similar behaviorsWhat you do during oculomotor therapy may affected vergence therapy outcomes
Interference Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviorsMonitor Evaluate progress Discuss function in other areas of your patientsrsquo life
PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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PresenterTitle Contact info
Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-
A Paradigm Sea Change
Dominick M Maino OD MEd FAAO FCOVD-A
Professor PediatricsBinocular VisionIllinois Eye InstituteIllinois College of Optometry
dmainoicoeduhttpwwwMainosMemosblogspotcom
Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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- Slide Number 63
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Thanks to
httpwwwcovdorgHomeOVDJournalOVD401tabid263Defaultaspxhttpbipolarblastfileswordpresscom200908neurojpghttpwwwspecialcheerscomimagesanimated_braingifhttpblogmarsdencartoonscomwp-contentuploads200810frankenstein-myspace-lightbeergifhttpwwwshangralafamilyfuncomgala-ecalvindreamgifhttppsychiatryjwatchorgcgicontentfull20082251
Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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Chakraborty R Chatterjee A Choudhart S Chakraborty PK Neuroplasticitymdasha paradigm shift in neurosciences J Indian Med Assoc 2007105(9)513-4516-8520-1
Sacks O A neurologistrsquos notebook Stereo Sue Why two eyes are better than one The New Yorker 2006 Jun 1964-73
Krulwich R National Public Radio Going Binocular Susanrsquos First Snowfall Available at wwwnprorgtemplatesstorystoryphpstoryId=5507789 (Accessed December 8 2008)
Press LJ The story behind lsquoStereo Suersquo and a world-famous neurologistrsquos discovery of vision therapy Optom Vis Dev 200637(2) 55-7
Levin HS Neuroplasticity and brain imaging research implications for rehabilitation Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Dec87(12 Suppl 2)S1
Wiesel TN Hubel DH Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye J Neurophysiol 1963 Nov261003-17
Hook BM Chen C Critical periods in the visual system Changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity Neuron 2007 Oct56(2)312-26
Ramey CT Ramey SL Prevention of intellectual disabilities early interventions to improve cognitive development Prev Med 1998Mar-Apr27(2)224-32
Heuninckx S Wenderoth N Swinnen SP Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons J Neurosci 2008 Jan 228(1)91-9
Ge S Yang CH Hsu KS et al A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain Neuron 2007 May54(4)559-66
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
- Slide Number 9
- Slide Number 10
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Slide Number 13
- Slide Number 14
- Slide Number 15
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- Slide Number 53
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- Slide Number 55
- Slide Number 56
- Slide Number 57
- Slide Number 58
- Slide Number 59
- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Slide Number 61
- Slide Number 62
- Slide Number 63
- Slide Number 64
- Slide Number 65
- Slide Number 66
- Slide Number 67
- Slide Number 68
- Slide Number 69
- Slide Number 70
-
Draganski B Gaser C Busch V et al Neuroplasticity changes in grey matter induced by training Nature 2004 Jan 22427(6972)311-2
Cannonieri GC Bonilha L Fernandes PT et al Practice and perfect length of training and structural brain changes in experienced typists Neuroreport 2007 Jul 218(10)1063-6
Kleim JA Jones TA Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity implications for rehabilitation after brain damage J Speech Lang Hear Res 2008 Feb51(1)S225-39
Trojan S Porkorny J Theoretical aspects of neuroplasticity Physiol Res 199948(2)87-97
Ramamirtham R Kee CS Hung LF et al Wave aberrations in rhesus monkeys with vision-induced ametropias Vision Res 2007 Sep47(21)2751-66
Smith EL 3rd Ramamirtham R Qiao-Grider Y et al Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007 Sep48(9)3914-22
Smith EL 3rd Kee CS Ramamirtham R et al Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 Nov46(11)3965-72
Ciuffreda KJ Vasudevan B Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopiandashndashis there a link Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008 Mar28(2)103-14
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ Incremental retinal-defocus theory of myopia development--schematic analysis and computer simulation Comput Biol Med 2007 Jul37(7)930-46
Hung GK Ciuffreda KJ A unifying theory of refractive error development Bull Math Biol 2000 Nov62(6)1087-108
Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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Pang Y Maino D Zhang G Lu F Myopia Can its progress be controlled Optom Vis Dev 200637(2)75-9
Leung JT Brown B Progression of myopia in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren is slowed by wearing progressive lenses Optom Vis Sci 1999 Jun76(6)346-54
Hasebe S Ohtsuki H Nonaka T et al Effect of progressive addition lenses on myopia progression in Japanese children a prospective randomized double-masked crossover trial Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008 Jul49(7)2781-9
Gwiazda J Hyman L Hussein M et al A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003 Apr44(4)1492-500
Siatkowski RM Cotter SA Crockett RS et al Two-year multi-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled parallel safety and efficacy study of 2 pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia J AAPOS 2008 Aug12(4)332-9
Scheiman MM Hertle RW Beck RW et al Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Apr123(4)437-47
Wallace DK Chandler DL Beck RW et al Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct144(4)487-96
Cotter SA Edwards AR Arnold RW et al Treatment of strabismic amblyopia with refractive correction Am J Ophthalmol 2007 Jun143(6)1060-3
Holmes JM Edwards AR Beck RW et al A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non-near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia J AAPOS 2005 Apr9(2)129-36
Repka MX Wallace DK Beck RW et al Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children Arch Ophthalmol 2005 Feb123 (2)149-57
Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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Wallace DK Edwards AR Cotter SA et al A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children Ophthalmology 2006 Jun113(6)904-12
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Oct126(10)1336-49
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Solan HA Shelley-Tremblay J Hansen PC et al M-cell deficit and reading disability a preliminary study of the effects of temporal vision-processing therapy Optometry 2004 Oct75(10)640-50
Solan HA Larson S Shelley-Tremblay J et al Role of visual attention in cognitive control of oculomotor readiness in students with reading disabilities J Learn Disabil 2001 Mar-Apr34(2)107-18
Gallaway M Boas MB The impact of vergence and accommodative therapy on reading eye movements and reading speed Optom Vis Dev 200738(3)115-20
Goss DA Downing DB Lowther AH et al The effect of HTS vision therapy conducted in a school setting on reading skills in third and fourth grade students Optom Vis Dev 200738(1)27-32
Crutch SJ Warrington EK Foveal crowding in posterior cortical atrophy a specific early-visual-processing deficit affecting word reading Cogn Neuropsychol 2007 Dec24(8)843-66
Helms D Sawtelle SM A study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy delivered in a video game format Optom Vis Dev 200738 (1)19-26
Vidyasagar TR Neural underpinnings of dyslexia as a disorder of visuo-spatial attention Clin Exp Optom 2004 Jan87(1)4-10
Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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Lawton T Training direction-discrimination sensitivity remediates a wide spectrum of reading skills OptomVis Dev 200738(1) 33-47
Goldstand S Koslowe KC Parush S Vision visual-information processing and academic performance among seventh-grade schoolchildren a more significant relationship than we thought Am J Occup Ther 2005 Jul-Aug59(4)377-89
Fischer B Koumlngeter A Hartnegg K Effects of daily practice on subitizing visual counting and basic arithmetic skills Optom Vis Dev 200839(1)30-4
Sands W Taub M Maino D Limited research and education on special populations in optometry and ophthalomology Optom Vis Dev 200839(2)60-1
Wesson M Maino D Oculo-visual findings in Down syndrome cerebral palsy and mental retardation with non-specific etiology In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199517-54 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Cui Y Stapleton F Suttle C Developing an instrument to assess vision-related and subjective quality of life in children with intellectual disability data collection and preliminary analysis in a Chinese population Ophthal Physiolog Optics 2008 May28(3) 238-46
Maino D Steele G Tahir S Sajja R Attitudes of optometry students toward individuals with disabilities Optom Ed 200227(2)45-50 Maino D Special populations in the optometric curriculum Optom Ed 200227(2)38-9
Maino D Overview of special populations In Scheiman M Rouse M (eds) Optometric Management of Learning-Related Vision Problems St Louis Mosby Inc 200685-106
Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 1995 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
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McCarthy P Maino D Alport syndrome a review Clin Eye Vis Care 2000 Dec12(3-4)139-50 Block SS Brusca-Vega R Pizzi WJ et al Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and permutation female fragile X carriers Optom Vis Sci 2000 Nov77 (11)592-9
Maino D The young child with developmental disabilities An introduction to mental retardation and genetic syndromes In Moore BD (ed) Eye Care for Infants and Young Children Butter-worth--Heinemann Newton MA1997285-300
Amin V Maino D The Fragile X female Visual visual perceptual and ocular health anomalies J Am Optom Assoc 1995 May66 (5)290-95
Maino DM Maino JH Cibis GW Hecht F Ocular health anomalies in patients with developmental disabilities In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Year-book Inc St Louis MO 1995189-206 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001
Maino D Wesson M Schlange D Cibis G Maino J Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome Optom Vis Sci 199168634-40 Scheiman MMOptometric findings in children with cerebral palsy Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1984 May61(5)321-3
Maino D Maino J Maino S Mental retardation syndromes with associated ocular defects J Am Optom Assoc 199061707-16
Stewart RE Woodhouse JM Cregg M Pakeman VH Association between accommodative accuracy hypermetropia and strabismus in children with Downs syndrome Optom Vis Sci 2007 Feb84(2)149-55
Cregg M Woodhouse JM Pakeman VH et al Accommodation and refractive error in children with Down syndrome cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Jan42 (1)55-63
McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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McClelland JF Parkes J Hill N et al Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy a population-based study Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 May47(5)1824-30
Duckman RH Vision therapy for the child with cerebral palsy J Am Optom Assoc 198758(1)28-35
Duckman R Accommodation in cerebral palsy function and remediation J Am Optom Assoc 198455(4)281-3
Scheiman M Understanding and managing vision deficits a guide for occupational therapists 2nd ed Slack Thorofare NJ 2002
Maino D Binasal occlusion for the child with Cerebral Palsy J Ill Optom Assoc 198644(1)1218
Battaglia F Quartarone A Rizzo V et al Early impairment of synaptic plasticity in patients with Downs syndrome Neurobiol Aging 2008 Aug29(8)1272-5
Bonnier C Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain development Acta Paediatr 2008 Jul97(7)853-8
Morice E Andreae LC Cooke SF et al Preservation of long-term memory and synaptic plasticity despite short-term impairments in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome Learn Mem 2008 Jul 1415(7)492-500
Gordon AM Schneider JA Chinnan A Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy a randomized control trial Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Nov49(11)830-8
Kapoor N Ciuffreda KJ Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury Curr Treat Options Neurol 2002 Jul4(4)271-80
Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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Ciuffreda KJ Rutner D Kapoor N et al Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury a retrospective analysis Optometry 2008 Jan79(1)18-22
Ciuffreda KJ Han Y Kapoor N Ficarra AP Oculomotor rehabilitation for reading in acquired brain injury NeuroRehabilitation 200621(1)9-21
Zost M Diagnosis and management of visual dysfunction in cerebral injury In Maino D (ed) Diagnosis and Management of Special Populations Mosby-Yearbook Inc St Louis 199579 Reprinted Optometric Education Program Foundation Santa Anna Calif 2001 [Figure used with permission of the editor]
DeGutis JM Bentin S Robertson LC DEsposito M Functional plasticity in ventral temporal cortex following cognitive rehabilitation of a congenital prosopagnosic J Cogn Neurosci 2007 Nov19 (11)1790-802
Welbourne SR Ralph MA Exploring the impact of plasticity-related recovery after brain damage in a connectionist model of single-word reading Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2005 Mar5(1)77-92
Jia X McNeill G Avenell A Does taking vitamin mineral and fatty acid supplements prevent cognitive decline A systematic review of randomized controlled trials J Hum Nutr Diet 2008 Aug21(4)317-36
Henriksen C Haugholt K Lindgren M Improved cognitive development among preterm infants attributable to early supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid Pediatrics 2008 Jun121(6)1137-45
Kidd PM Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition behavior and mood clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids Altern Med Rev 2007 Sep12(3)207-27
Gomez-Pinilla F Brain foods the effect of nutrients on brain function Neuroscience 20089(7)568-78
Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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Maya Vetencourt JF Sale A Viegi A et al The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex Science 2008 Apr 18320 (5874)385-8
Kasper S McEwen BS Neurobiological and clinical effects of the antidepressant tianeptine CNS Drugs 200822(1)15-26
Adamcio B Sargin D Stradomska A et al Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory BMC Biol 2008 Sep 9637
Chilosi A Leuzzi V Battini R et al Treatment with L-arginine improves neuropsychological disorders in a child with creatine transporter defect Neurocase 200814(2) 151-61
Forrester LW Wheaton LA Luft AR Exercise-mediated locomotor recovery and lower-limb neuroplasticity after stroke J Rehabil Res Dev 200845(2)205-20
- Slide Number 1
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- Neuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
- Sea Change OriginFrom Shakespeares The Tempest 1610 ARIEL [sings]Full fathom five thy father lies Of his bones are coral made Those are pearls that were his eyes Nothing of him that doth fade But doth suffer a sea-change Into something rich and strange
- I Sea Change (Meaning)A radical and apparently mystical change It is change of such magnitude that it alters the way we think and what we do in a sweeping far ranging mind expanding mega-behavior transformative fashion
- Neuroplasticity
- Slide Number 7
- Slide Number 8
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- Questions AboutNeuroplasticity-A Paradigm Sea Change
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