Neuroimaging and Neuroethics Neuroimaging and Neuroethics Imaging the Ethics in Neuroscience

Biljana Gjoneska, MDBiljana Gjoneska, MDMacedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts

Skopje, Macedonia

Second International Seminar for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Republic of Macedonia,

15-18 June, 2011, Ohrid, republic of Macedonia

NeuroethicsNeuroethics

NeurologismNeurologism

Ethics of NeuroscienceEthics of Neuroscience++

Neuroscience of EthicsNeuroscience of Ethics

Neuroimaging and NeuroethicsNeuroimaging and Neuroethics

Illes J et al. (2003)‘From Neuroimaging to Neuroethics’

3400 peer-reviewed papers, for period of 1991-2001 examining the application of fMRI with/without other neuroimaging modalities.

CONCLUSION: Steady growth in studies with evident ethical and social implications

Bibliometric MethodsBibliometric Methods

Step 1: Step 1: PubMed internet search engine through Medline bibliographic database for indexed articles. Keywords: ‘ethics, neuroimaging’ + ‘neuroethics, neuroimaging’

Step 2: Step 2: Searching target-words in the titles of the selected articles.Keywords: ‘ethical’, ‘legal’, ‘moral’, ’social’, ‘neuroscience’.

Step 3: Step 3: Analyzing contents of abstracts from the selected articles.

Step 3: Step 3: Analyzing contents from selected review articles and meta-analysis papers.

Results: FiguresResults: Figures

Period covered 1997-2009Indexed articles 119Relevant articles 102Avg. No. per 1st half2.7Avg. No. per 2nd half13.8

Results: FiguresResults: Figures

Период на пребарување 1997-2009Индексирани публикации 119Релевантни публикации102Просечен бр. во прва ½ 2.7Просечен бр. во втора ½13.8

Results: FactsResults: Facts

GROUP 1: GROUP 1: Ethical Challenges in Basic Research-55 papers

Legal and Policy Issues in NeuroimagingNeurophysiologic Applications & Safety of Novel

TechnologiesNeural Basis of Emotion, Reasoning and Personality

GROUP 2: GROUP 2: Ethical Challenges in Applied Research-39 papersEthics of Neuroimaging in Prenatal Diagnosis of CNS Anomalies

Ethics of Neuroimaging in PediatricsEthics of Neuroimaging in Dementias, Neurologic, Psychiatric

disordersEthics of Neuroimaging in Neurosurgery

Ethics of Neuroimaging in Disorders of Consciousness

Ethical Challenges in ResearchEthical Challenges in Research

Legal & Policy Issues in Neuroimaging (23)Legal & Policy Issues in Neuroimaging (23)

Privacy Issues (reconfiguration of personal identity)

Confidentiality Issues (management of incidental findings)

Neurophysiologic Applications & Safety of Novel Neurophysiologic Applications & Safety of Novel Technologies (2)Technologies (2)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Implantable Brain Chips

Ethical Challenges in ResearchEthical Challenges in Research

Neural Basis of Emotion, Reasoning & Personality (30)Neural Basis of Emotion, Reasoning & Personality (30)

Primary: Human cooperation and competition

Decision-making processMoral judgment

Secondary: Religious beliefs Social attitudes

Deceptions Virtues

Ethics of Neuroimaging in Clinical PracticeEthics of Neuroimaging in Clinical Practice

Prenatal Diagnosis of CNS Anomalies (3)Prenatal Diagnosis of CNS Anomalies (3)Prognostication of long-term neurodevelopmental fetaloutcome, including cognitive or physical performance

Parental decision-making

Ethics of Neuroimaging in Pediatrics (4)Ethics of Neuroimaging in Pediatrics (4)

All ethical dilemmas associated withneuroimaging in adults, just magnified significantly

Ethics of Neuroimaging in Clinical PracticeEthics of Neuroimaging in Clinical Practice

Dementias, Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders (15)Dementias, Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders (15)

Prediction of subclinical disease in asymptomatic or presymptomatic patients

Neurosurgery (1)Neurosurgery (1)

Proper interpretation of neuroimaging data for effective execution of the surgical procedures

Ethics of Neuroimaging in Clinical PracticeEthics of Neuroimaging in Clinical Practice

Disorders of Consciousness (15)Disorders of Consciousness (15)

Diagnostic sub-classificationSpecial emphasis on:- Vegetative/Locked-in state-Minimally conscious state

Prognosis of the outcomeSpecial emphasis on:-End-of-life decisions-Euthanasia

Discussion: Similar FindingsDiscussion: Similar Findings

Garnett A, Whiteley L, Piwowar H, Rasmussen E, Illes J. Neuroethics and fMRI: Mapping a Fledgling RelationshipNeuroethics and fMRI: Mapping a Fledgling Relationship. . PLoS One. 6(4):e18537. Published online 2011 April 22

Period covered: 1999-2009

Indexed articles: 134

Relevant articles: 84 Our study

superimposed

Discussion: Similar FindingsDiscussion: Similar Findings

Garnett A, Whiteley L, Piwowar H, Rasmussen E, Illes J. Neuroethics and fMRI: Mapping a Fledgling RelationshipNeuroethics and fMRI: Mapping a Fledgling Relationship. . PLoS One. 6(4):e18537. Published online 2011 April 22

Период на пребарување 1999-2009

Индексирани публикации 134

Релевантни публикации84 Тековна студија

Поврзани со невроетика

Поврзани со fMRI и етика

Бр н

а П

убли

каци

и

Discussion: Similar FindingsDiscussion: Similar Findings

Citation network of neuroethics publications with topic clusteringCitation network of neuroethics publications with topic clustering

The FutureThe Future

Establishing interdisciplinary training programs in neuroethics, that are scientifically-relevant and culturally-sensitive in all corners of the world, as well as better communication of information to the public, thus sustaining scientific credibility and upholding the highest standards of professional ethics.