W E S L E Y A N U N I V E R S I T Y - P H I L I P P I N E S

Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City

Philippines 3100

COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICAL THERAPY

2ND Semester, AY 2014 -2015

I. Course Code: NeuroSci

II. Course Title: Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology

III. Course Description:

The course focuses on the structure of the human brain and spinal cord, including the functional organization of the central nervous system. This course will entail extensive, hands-on examination of human brain models as the primary means for instruction and learning. This experience will be supplemented by use of interactive digital atlases to learn the gross anatomy of the central nervous system and the organization of the major neural systems underlying sensory, motor and cognitive function.

IV. Credit Units: 3 Units Lecture & 1 Unit Laboratory

V. Contact Hours: 3 Lecture Hours /Week & 2 Laboratory Hours/Week

VII. Pre-requisites: Physiology

TIMETABLE

SESSION TOPICS

OBJECTIVES

WEEK 1

Introduction/presentation/orientation of the course (that includes the syllabus,grading system, textbooks and references).

Introduction and Organization of the Nervous System

1. To understand the basic organization of the main structures that form the nervous system

2. To gain a three-dimensional appreciation of the parts of the brain and their relative positions to one another.

WEEK 2

Neurobiology of the Neuron and the Neuroglia

1. To define the neuron and name its processes

2. To learn the varieties of neurons and identify them in the different parts of the nervous system

3. To review the cell biology of a neuron and understand the function of a nerve cell and its processes

4. To review the structure of the plasma membrane as it is related to its physiology

5. To learn the transport of materials from the cell body to the axon terminals

6. To understand the structure and function of synapses and neurotransmitters

7. To review the supporting function of the neuroglial cells for nerve cells and the possible role that they play in neuronal metabolism, function, and neuronal death

WEEK 3

Embryological Development of the Nervous System

1. To understand the embryological development of the nervous system

2. To understand the major embryological subdivision of the central nervous system as seen on the surface of the human forebrain, hindbrain and spinal cord.

3. To visualize the relationship of different parts of the nervous system

4. To understand how the different nerve tracts insinuate themselves between the central masses of gray matter

WEEK 4

1. To introduce the student to the complexities of the forebrain

The Cerebrum

2. To understand the definition of the diencephalon and accurately localize the thalamus and hypothalamus by studying the sagittal, coronal, and horizontal sections of the brain

3. To understand the exact position of the main conduit of the ascending and descending tracts, namely the internal capsule, which is so often the site of pathologic lesions

WEEK 4

The Structure and Functional Localization of the Cerebral Cortex

1. Describe the four lobes of the cerebral hemispheres and the neuroanatomical landmarks that define their boundaries in the human brain.

2. Identify major gyral and sulcal formations of the human cerebral cortex.

3. To describe the basic structure and functional localization of the highly complex cerebral cortex.

4. To discuss the major functions that are localized in a clinically significant fashion to each of the four lobes of the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain.

5. To describe the layers of the cerebral cortex as distinguished by the type, density, and arrangement of their cells .

6. To understand the precise division of the cerebral cortex into different areas of specialization, as described by Brodmann

WEEK 5

The Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and its connections

1. To describe the thalamus and its functions.

2. To idenfity the subdivisions of the thalamus

3. To discuss the nervous connections of the thalamus, thalamic nuclei including its location and functions.

The Diencephalon: Thalamus and its connections

1. To identify the location and boundaries of the hypothalamus and various hypothalmic nuclei

2. To discuss the main nervous connections of the hypothalamic nuclei including its functions.

3. To describe the connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and understand the functions of the hypothalamohypophyseal tract and hypophyseal portal system and its functions.

PRELIM EXAMINATION

WEEK 7

The Reticular Formation and the Limbic System

1. To provide a brief overview of the structure and function of the reticular formation

2. To identify the parts of the limbic system and its functions

3. To discusss the major nervous connections of the reticular formation and limbic system.

The Basal Nuclei (Basal Ganglia) and Their Connections

1. To describe the basal nuclei, its subdivisions, their nuclei, nervous connections, pathways and their functions and relate them to diseases commonly affecting this area of the nervous system

WEEK 8

1. To review the anatomy of the skull, cranium and brainstem

The Brainstem

2. To develop a three-dimensional picture of the brainstem (Interior and exterior)

3. To understand the positions of several of the cranial nerve nuclei, the olivary nuclear complex, and the paths taken by the various ascending and descending nerve tracts as they ascend to the higher brain centers or descend to the spinal cord

4. To assess the signs and symptoms presented by a patient and identify the exact location of a structural lesion

WEEK 9

The Cranial Nerve Nuclei and Their Central Connections and Distribution

1. To discuss the basic organization of the cranial nerves including their motor and sensory nuclei, their locations and central connections

2. To understand the functions and components of each of the 12 cranial nerves

WEEK 10

1, To discuss the main arteries and veins supplying the brain and spinal cord

The Blood Supply of the Brain and Spinal Cord

2. To identify the areas of the cerebral cortex and spinal cord supplied by a particular artery and to understand the dysfunction that would result if the artery were blocked

3. To understand the circle of Willis as well as the blood supply to the internal capsule

4. To trace the major vessels that supply the anterior and posterior arterial circulation to the forebrain, hindbrain and spinal cord

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

WEEK 12

1. To understand the structure and function of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord

The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord

2. To understand the venous sinuses within the skull and see how the meninges contribute to their walls

3. To appreciate the relationship of the meninges to the different forms of cerebral hemorrhage

The Ventricular System, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and the Blood-Brain Barrier

1. To identify the location, functions, origins, and the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid

2. To understand the structure and function of the blood-brain and bloodcerebrospinal fluid barriers

3. To learn how certain parts of the brain are protected from trauma and potentially toxic drugs or other exogenous materials

WEEK 13

The Spinal Cord and the Ascending and Descending Tracts

1. To understand the position of the main nervous pathways and nerve cell groups in the spinal cord as well as be able to correlate radiologic evidence of bone injury with segmental levels of the spinal cord and neurologic deficits

2. To discuss the basic structure of the delicate spinal cord and the positions and functions of the various ascending and descending tracts that lie within it

3. To trace the pathways of each of the ascending and descending tracts, showing their cells of origin, their course through the central nervous system, and their destination

WEEK 14

The Ventricular System, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and the Blood-Brain Barrier

1. To identify the location, functions, origins, and the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid

2. To understand the structure and function of the blood-brain and bloodcerebrospinal fluid barriers

3. To learn how certain parts of the brain are protected from trauma and potentially toxic drugs or other exogenous materials

WEEK 14

The Autonomic Nervous System

1. To discuss the basic organization of the Autonomic Nervous system, including its 2 primary divisions; Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

2. To understand the structure, components and function of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

3. To understand the effects of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Outflow on specific organs of the human body

WEEK 15

The Peripheral Nerves, Receptor and Effector Endings

1. To understand the basic structure and function of nerve fibers

2. To understand the process of nerve degeneration and regeneration

3. To review the special organs that lie at the ends of sensory and motor nerves

4. To compare the different types of encapsulated and non-encapsulated receptors and discuss their functions and locations

FINAL EXAMINATION

TEACHING METHODS & STRATEGIES:

1. Case presentation

2. Presentation of Evidence-based research

3. Journal Reports related to the case presented

3. Individual assignments and reports

4. Reading assignments and independent study

EVALUATION:

Recitation

Quizzes

Research work

Periodical Examinations

Textbook & References:

Snell, Richard S. Clinical Neuroanatomy. 7th Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, China., 2010

Gilman, Sid and Newman, Sarah Winans. Manter and Gatzs Essentials of Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology. 10th Edition, FA Davis. 2003

Netter, Frank H. MD. Atlas of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology. Selections from the Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations. Icon Custom Communications. 2002.

Fisch, Adam MD. Neuroanatomy. Draw it to know it. Oxford University Press. NY. 2009.

GRADING CRITERIA:

Class Standing (CS)=100%

Breakdown:

Quizzes= 30%

Case

Presentation= 40%

Recitation=10%

Assignments= 5%

Attendance=10 %

Behavior = 5%

Computation

Examination Grade = (Raw Score/ Total exam items) X 100) (100 X 60 + 40)

Class Standing (CS) Grade = (CS raw Score / 100) X 60+40

Term Grade=Class Standing Grade X 2 + Examination Grade 3

(Prelim/Midterm/Finals)

Final Grade=Prelim Grade + Midterm Grade + Raw Final Grade 3

PREPARED BY:REVIEWED AND APPROVED BY:

Jacinto Jose P. Gapud, PTRPWilfredo C. Ramos, Ed.D, RN

PT CoordinatorDean, CONAMS