network protocol levels

8/3/2019 Network Protocol Levels

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/network-protocol-levels 1/5

/27/11 Neok Poocol Leel

.compechdoc.og/independen/neoking/gide/neandad.hml

Previous Page Next Page

Home

Independent

Networking

1. Introduction

2. Network

Topology

3. Hardware

Connections

4. TCP/IP Ports

and Addresses

5. Network

Protocol Levels

6. Data Link Layer

and IEEE

7. Network

Protocol

Categories

8. Repeaters,

Bridges,

Routers

9. ARP and RARP

Address

Translation

10. Basic

Addressing

11. IP (Network)

12. TCP

(Transport)

13. UDP

(Transport)

14. ICMP

15. Hardware

Cabling

16. Wireless media

17. Outside

Connections

18. Ethernet

19. Token Ring

20. ARCnet

21. AppleTalk

22. FDDI

23. IPX/SPX

24. NetBEUI

Netork Protocol Leels

You should be aware of the fact, that when talking about networking you will hear

the word "protocol" all the time. This is because protocols are sets of standards that

define all operations within a network. They define how various operations are to be

performed. They may even define how devices outside the network can interact with

the network. Protocols define everything from basic networking data structures, to

higher level application programs. They define various services and utility programs.

Protocols operate at many layers of the network models described below. There

are protocols considered to be transport protocols such as TCP and UDP. Other

protocols work at the network layer of the OSI network model shown below, and

some protocols work at several of the network layers.

RFCs

Protocols are outlined in Request for Comments (RFCs). At the end of this

document is a list of protocols and associated RFC numbers.Protocols. Although

RFCs define protocols not all RFCs define protocols but may define other

requirements for the internet such as RFC 1543 which provides information about

the preparation of RFCs. The following RFCs are very central to the TCP/IP

protocol.

RFC 1122 - Defines host requirements of the TCP/IP suite of protocols

covering the link, network (IP), and transport (TCP, UDP) layers.

RFC 1123 - The companion RFC to 1122 covering requirements for internet

hosts at the application layer

RFC 1812 - Defines requirements for internet gateways which are IPv4

routers

Netork Models

There are several network models which you may hear about but the one you will

hear about most is the ISO network model described below. You should realize,

however that there are others such as:

The internet layered protocol

The TCP/IP 4 layered protocol

The Microsoft networking protocol

If you don't like any of these models, feel free to invent your own along with your own networking sche

of course, and add it to the list above. You can call it "The MyName Protocol". Ever wonder why

networking can be so complex and confusing? Welcome to the world of free enterprise!

Cisco Sitches For Sale Find Ne & Refb Cico Siche Fee Delie & Tech Sppo! .MemoDeale.com/Siche

Complete CCNP Training Inan acce o 900+ ho of Cico aining ideo. Onl $159 .INE.com/CCNP

CCNA Training Fo BE/Bech Fehe B Pena CCIE ! neo.in/CCNA





25. AeTa

26. SNA

27. Ohe

28. Sie Rig

29. Me Ce

Rig

30. IP

Maeadig

31. Fiea

32. Dai Nae

Seice (DNS)

33. Via Piae

Neig

34. DHCP

35. BOOTP

36. RPC ad NFS

37. Badcaig

ad

Micaig

38. IGMP

39. Daic

Rig

Pc

40. Sie M ai

Tafe

Pc

(SMTP)

41. Sie Ne

Maagee

Pc

42. Ne

Seice

43. Iaig

Die

44. Ne

Oeaig

Se

45. Aicai

46. Wide Aea

Ne

47. Bacig he

e

48. Fa Teace

49. Tbehig

50. C ed

Ne P

51. Neig

Te ad

Defiii

52. Neig

RFC ad

Pc

e e or o e an ar

The Ieaia Sadad Ogaiai (ISO) ha defied a adad caed he Oe Se

Iececi (OSI) efeece de. Thi i a ee ae achiece ied be. Each ae i

cideed be eibe f a diffee a f he cicai. Thi cce a deeed

accdae chage i echg. The ae ae aaged hee f he e ee aig ih h

hica (hadae) he highe ee.

1. Phica Lae - The aca hadae.

2. Daa Li Lae - Daa afe ehd (802 ehee). P daa i fae ad ee e faii. A c he iig f he e aii. Add fae e, adde, a

e c ifai. IEEE diided hi ae i he fig bae.

1. Lgica Li c (LLC) - Maiai he Li beee ce b eabihig

Seice Acce Pi (SAP) hich ae a eie f ieface i. IEEE 802.2.

2. Media Acce C (MAC) - Ued cdiae he edig f daa beee c

The 802.3, 4, 5, ad 12 adad a hi ae. If hea ee aig ab

MAC adde f a e cad, he ae efeig he hadae adde f he cad.

3. Ne Lae - IP e c. Re eage ig he be ah aaiabe.

4. Ta Lae - TCP, UDP. Ee e eeced ad e fee aii.

5. Sei Lae - The e' ieface he e. Deeie he he ei i beg

eed, h g i i ed, ad he i i ced. C he aii f daa dig heei. S eci ad ae eabig ce cae each he.

6. Peeai Lae - ASCII EBCDEC daa a. Mae he e f daa aae he

ae ad i. Ued aae dae ce ecific fa ch a be deig. I a

icde cei. I eae he daa, eihe f he e he aicai deedig

he dieci i i gig.

7. Aicai Lae - Pide eice fae aicai eed. Pide he abii f e

aicai ieac ih he e.

Ma c ac ea he bde f he ee ae de b eaig a ie ae f h

de. Fie Ta Pc (FTP) ad ee bh a he aicai, eeai, ad he

ei ae.

The Internet, TCP/IP, DOD Model

Thi de i eie caed he DOD de ice i a deiged f he deae f defee I i

a caed he TCP/IP f ae c, he iee c. I ha he fig ae:

1. Li - Deice die ad ieface cad hich a he daa i ad hica ae f he OS

de.

2. Ne - Ced he e ae f he OSI de ad icde he IP, ICMP, ad

IGMP c.

3. Ta - Ced he a ae ad icde he TCP ad UDP c.

4. Aicai - Ced he OSI Sei, Peeai ad Aicai ae ad icde

FTP, Tee, ig, Rgi, h, TFTP, SMTP, SNMP, DNS, ga, ec.

Peae e he f ae TCP/IP c. Each ae ha a e f daa ha i geeae.

1. The Li ae ced he hadae, icdig he deice die ad ieface cad. The

ae ha daa ace aciaed ih i deedig he e f e beig ed ch a

ARCe, Te ig ehee. I cae, e i be aig ab ehee.

2. The e ae aage he ee f ace ad he e ad icde IP, ICM

ad IGMP. I i eibe f aig e ha acage each hei deiai, ad if he d





53. Fhe Readig

54. Cedi

Neig

Ideede

He

.

3. The a ae i he echai ed f ce echage daa ih egad

fae. The e f c ha ae he a echai ae TCP ad UDP. The

ae a he e f c f e he ha TCP/IP b e i a ab TCP ad

UDP i hi dce.

4. The aicai ae efe eig c ha ae ed ai eice

a FTP, Tee, BOOTP, ec. Ne hee aid cfi, ha he aicai ae i geea

efeig c ch a FTP, ee, ig, ad he ga deiged f ecific

hich ae geed b a ecific e f c defied ih RFC' (ee f ce).

Hee a ga ha a ie ca defie i daa ce ed beee cie ad ee ga g a he ga bh he cie ad ee achie

dead c. F eae he ga e a ce ahe achie,

ig TCP c, b he daa ed deed h ce i.

Data Encapsulation, a Critical concept to be understood

Whe aig ih c ha a he e ae f he e de, each e f daa i

aed iide he e e ae c, iia aig ee iide a eee. The

application ceae he daa, he he transport ae a ha daa iide i fa, he he neto

ae a he daa, ad fia he link (ehee) ae ecaae he daa ad ai i.





T , . I

, ,

. A , ,

. T . S

, ,

. U ,

,

.

L

. Y B,

A. T A G B. G'

, . T G T, , T

. T, . N

, . T

/ . Y

, , . A

,

. T (T) , . W , .

1. Y T' , . T A.

2. T (C

TCP . T TCP

. T

. D (D )

( TCP

UNIX L).

3. T TCP IP IP

. T

, .

4. T IP . T

(NIC) . T

MAC .

5. T .

6. A ,

B, MAC .

7. T IP . A

.

8. T TCP IP . A ,

, .

9. T TCP . Y

() G .

B , , ,

NIC . A

' ' IP .

A . I

. I





.

network protocol levels

Documents