DCMAS NETWORK

DCMAS NETWORK 2

Network on Metrology, Accreditation and Standardization for Developing

Countries (DCMAS network)

Building corresponding technical infrastructures to support sustainable development and trade in developing countries and countries in transition.

DCMAS NETWORK 3

DCMAS network members (1/2)

Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM)www.bipm.org

International Accreditation Forum (IAF)www.iaf.nu

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)www.iec.ch

International Laboratory Accreditation Co-operation (ILAC)www.ilac.org

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)www.iso.org

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DCMAS network members (2/2)

International Trade Centre (ITC)www.intracen.org

Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU (ITU-T) www.itu.int

International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) www.oiml.org

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

www.unido.org

United Nations European Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) - Working Party on Regulatory Cooperation and Standardization Policies (W.P.6)

www.unece.org

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Terms of reference

Exchange information and experience

Provide a means of pooling expertise

Work with, and support the objectives of, global organizations, such as the WTO as well as the UN system

Liaise with international and local agencies to introduce MAS programs in developing countries

Provide information, speakers and training material for seminars and events

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Technical infrastructure

To achieve sustainable development and to participate inInternational trade, countries need the following infrastructure

Metrology – to ensure traceability of measurements and calibration of measuring instruments

International documentary standards – national position, international promotion, national implementation

Conformity assessment – to assess goods and services to mandatory and voluntary requirements

Accreditation & peer assessment – ensure that claims of conformity are credible and internationally recognized

Training and Capacity Building on testing in developing countries

Active participation in metrology, standardization andaccreditation organizations is an essential element of capacitydevelopment.

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Scientific and industrial metrology

National Metrology Institutes disseminate the International system of units (SI) by developing and maintaining national measurement standards appropriate to national needs.

Calibration against these national measurement standards provide the basis for

calibration services by accredited laboratories ;

trade metrology ;

conformity assessment.

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The Metre Convention

Inter-governmental treaty (1875).

54 Member States, 28 Associates.

Works on matters of world metrology, especially the demand for measurement standards of ever increasing accuracy, range and diversity, and the need to demonstrate equivalence of national measurement standards and acceptance of calibration and measurement capabilities of National Metrology Institutes.

Provides international infrastructure for Members to develop measurement standards at whatever level is needed, facilitating their international recognition and acceptance.

It is therefore relevant to countries at all stages of technical development.

Created two operating bodies

International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) ;

International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM).

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Comité International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM)

Made up of eighteen individuals, each from a different Member State under the Metre Convention.

Its principal task is to promote world-wide uniformity in units of measurement.

Meets annually at the BIPM.

Other duties of the CIPM include the responsibility to

supervise the work of the BIPM under the delegated authority of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM);

issue an Annual Report on the administrative and financial position of the BIPM to the governments of the Member States of the Metre Convention;

discuss metrological work that Member States decide to do in common, and set up and coordinate activities between specialists in metrology.

Members of the CIPM act as Presidents of the Consultative Committees created by the CIPM.

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Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM)

Headquarters in Sèvres near Paris, France.

Financed jointly by the Member States and Associates.

Its mandate is to provide the basis for a single, coherent system of measurement throughout the world, traceable to the International System of Units (SI).

Coordinates the work of the 10 Consultative Committees created by the CIPM.

It has an international staff of over 70.

Provides formal liaison on matters within its scope to relevant International organizations and bodies

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CIPM Mutual Recognition Agreement (1999)

International recognition and acceptance of national measurement standards, calibration and measurement certificates.

Participation of over 200 metrology institutes from 75 countries and 3 international organizations.

Basis for wider agreements on international trade and regulatory affairs.

MRA + national traceability system gives evidence of equivalence of measurements.

Economic analysis by KPMG estimated impact on reducing TBTs of >4 billion USD (2002).

MRA underpins international recognition of measurements made by accredited testing and calibration laboratories, leading to ILAC-CIPM MoU (2001).

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International Organisation of Legal Metrology (OIML)

Inter-governmental treaty organisation (1955)

57 Member States, 58 Corresponding Members

Technical work carried out by 63 technical committees coordinated by the International Committee of Legal Metrology (CIML) and the Organisation’s secretariat, the International Bureau of Legal Metrology (BIML)

Produces International Recommendations – model technical regulations, and a model law on metrology

An international system for prepackaged goods is under development

Facilitator on Developing County Matters coordinates practical actions for developing countries

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OIML Certificate System and Mutual Acceptance Arrangement (MAA)

Certificate System operating since 1991

Avoids duplication of testing of measuring instruments

2200 certificates covering 47 instrument categories

MAA approved in 2003 : voluntary framework for acceptance and use of type approval test reports

Separate Declaration of Mutual Confidence (DoMC) for each instrument category

Current DoMCs cover non-automatic weighing instruments(R 76), load cells (R 60) and water meters (R 49)

DoMC on automatic catchweighers (R 51) launched in 2009 and work is ongoing on one for fuel dispensers (R 117/R 118)

The acceptance of manufacturers’ test results in the context of the MAA is under discussion

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International documentary standards

Voluntary international standards are important in sustainable development through the promotion of safety, quality and technical compatibility

International standardization organizations in DCMAS network: IEC – Electrotechnical standards and conformity assessment

ITU-T – Information and communication technologies

ISO – Nearly all other technical fields, service sectors, management systems and conformity assessment

International standards: Assist in operation of domestic markets Increase competitiveness Excellent source of technology transfer Consumer and environmental protection role

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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

The IEC publishes International Standards and handles three Conformity Assessment Systems (IECEE, IECEx and IECQ) for the millions of devices that use or produce electricity in any form. Together they enable global trade and stimulate technology transfer.

Over 10 000 experts in 174 Technical Committees with over 1 000 Working Groups

Over 6 000 International Standards in catalogue today

Over 300 000 Conformity Assessment certificates established

162 countries (81 Members and 81 Affiliates)

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Three IEC conformity assessment systems

IECEE IECEx IECQ

System of Conformity Assessment Schemes for Electrotechnical Equipment and Components

System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Explosive Atmospheres

Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components

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IEC’s Global Reach

Since 2001 IEC has opened three regional centres

IEC Regional Centre for North America (IEC-ReCNA) near Boston /USA

IEC Asia-Pacific Regional Centre (IEC APRC) in Singapore

IEC Latin America Regional Centre (IEC-LARC) in Sao Paulo/Brazil

More in coming years.

IECEx System operated from Sydney, Australia.

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IEC Affiliate Country Programme

Free programme for developing and industrializing countries : no fees, not a form of membership (no voting right)

200 free copies of IEC International Standards for national adoption 400 for Affiliate Plus countries

Participation in 10 technical fields : TC/SC

Guidance on IEC conformity assessment systems Guidelines to establish national electrotechnical

committees

Affiliate Leader : voice of ALL Affiliate Countries within the IEC (Carlos Rodríguez/Costa Rica)

Affiliate Coordinator for Africa : Evah Oduor/Kenya Affiliate Secretary at IEC Central Office, Switzerland

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Developing countries in ISO

Developingcountries

66%66%

Developedcountries

34%34%

Developingcountries

100%100%

Developing countries

96%96%

Developedcountries

4%4%

Member bodiesMember bodies106

Subscriber Subscriber membersmembers

1111

CorrespondentCorrespondentmembersmembers

4646

At 3 June 2010

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Objectives

1. Improving awareness

2. Developing capacity

3. Increasing regional cooperation

4. Developing electronic communications

5. Increasing participation

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Implementation of Action Plan 2005-2010

Over 250 activities carried from 2005 to 2009 covering Action Plan objectives

More than 12’000 NSB staff and stakeholders from ISO developing country members participated

Funding increased from 575’000 CHF (2005) to 2’260’000 CHF (2009), almost four-fold

6 million CHF spent on the Action Plan from 2005 to 2009

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Handbooks and guidance documents

in support

Fast Forward - National Standards Bodies in Developing Countries (2008)

(ISO/UNIDO) (Spanish version to be printed in a few months with support from COPANT)

Standards work on the web – The ISO solutions (published early 2009)

Building Trust – The Conformity assessment toolbox

Joint ISO/UNIDO handbook

(English version PDF on ISO website; hard copies in English and French will be available end February 2010)

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Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU (ITU-T)

Only United Nations agency dealing with ICT standards in a public-private in an open, transparent, flexible and global consensus based forum

Outreach to 191 countries

Free available worldwide Recommendations (standards) on ICTs

Worldwide experts meeting in Study Groups

Regional Offices

Events where experts from industry, governments, regulators, service providers meet to create global standards Excellent meeting facilities, convenient location

Fast working methods to quick reply to the market needs

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Trade-related challenges for developing countries

Developing countries need access to standardization infrastructures to engage in the global trading system

Increasing globalization of markets means international standards (as opposed to regional or national standards) are needed to ensure

a level playing field for exports

that imports meet internationally recognized levels of performance and safety

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Categories of standards

Standards can be broadly sub-divided into three categories

Product standardscharacteristics (quality, safety, etc.) that goods should possess

Process standardsconditions under which products and services are to be produced, packaged or refined

Management system standardsassist organizations to manage their operations. Help create framework to allow the organization to consistently achieve requirements set out in product and process standards

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International Standards and the WTO

The TBT Agreement encourages use of international standards

Members must reference international standards in regulations

Encourages members “wherever possible” to develop mutual recognition agreements

harmonize conformity assessment procedures

accept the conformity assessment procedures of other members

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TBT Agreement - 5th Triennial Review 2009 (1/2)

Importance of basing technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures on relevant international standards, guides and recommendations in line with Article 2.4 and 5.4 of the TBT Agreement

Importance of developing country Members’ participation in the development of relevant international standards.

Importance of transparency in the standards development process at the national, regional and international level. Creating awareness among all interested parties - including SMEs - of being involved in the standardizing activities is seen as key.

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TBT Agreement - 5th Triennial Review 2009 (2/2)

In spite of advances made in increasing meaningful participation by developing country members in standardizing activities in areas of interest to them, challenges remain, both financially and technically, for many developing countries

Members, Observer organizations and relevant bodies involved in the development of standards are encouraged to exchange information on initiatives implemented, successes achieved and obstacles encountered

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Conformity assessment

Conformity assessment procedures (testing, inspection and certification) offer assurance that products fulfill requirements specified in regulations and standards. They may

apply to a product, a service or a management system

be 'first party' (supplier's declaration of conformity (SDoC))

be 'third-party' (by a government or private company)

Conformity assessment plays a critical role in sustainable development and trade and developing countries must decide

what types of conformity assessment are needed and for what purposes

whether conformity assessment is mandatory (regulations in specific sectors), or whether to rely on market determined conformity assessment requirements

based on a risk assessment for a particular product or process, and on an understanding of the impact the associated costs and benefits will have on achieving sustainable development

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If conformity assessment requirements differ

Products may need duplicate or different testing, or multiple inspections

Products may be denied market access if

testing procedures or results are not recognized

tests were performed by someone who is not in a peer assessment scheme or who is not accredited

Calibration certificates for instruments used for conformity assessment measurements are not internationally accepted

Additional certification will increase costs for exporters

Barriers to trade may occur, effectively keeping some producers out of certain markets

A 1996 OECD study showed that the cost of standards, technicalregulations, testing and compliance certification, is between 2 %and 10 % of overall production costs

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Accreditation

“third-party attestation related to a conformity assessment body conveying formal demonstration of its competence to carry out specific conformity assessment tasks” (ISO/IEC 17000)

Helps provide the necessary confidence among users of conformity assessment services (business and government)

Facilitates the growth of mutually recognized conformity assessment services throughout the world

Helps provide assurance that suppliers of tests and certificates are competent

Helps in overcoming trade barriers and in complying with the requirements of the WTO TBT Agreement

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International Accreditation Forum (IAF)

The International Accreditation Forum (IAF) is a global association of

Accreditation Bodies

Certification/Inspection Body Associations

Industry associations

Other stakeholder organizations and scheme owners involved in conformity assessment activities in a variety of fields including management systems, inspection, products, services and personnel

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IAF Multilateral mutual recognition arrangements

To facilitate world tradeThe International Accreditation Forum (IAF) manages multilateral mutual recognition schemes in the areas of Quality Management Systems, Environmental Management Systems and Product certification

The MLA Program is based on the peer assessment concept and helps in establishing the equivalence of conformity certificates issued

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IAF MLA Signatories

As at October 2009 the number of IAF MLA signatories are

QMS MLA Program – 41 Accreditation Bodies

EMS MLA Program – 37 Accreditation Bodies

Product certification – 33 Accreditation Bodies

Details can be found on IAF website www.iaf.nu

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International Laboratory Accreditation Co-operation (ILAC)

Established in 1977 to promote communication among laboratory accreditation bodies around the world

Formalized as a cooperation in 1996 with 44 bodies signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

On 2 November 2000, a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (ILAC Arrangement) was signed, among those members which had successfully completed a peer evaluation

ILAC was incorporated in the Netherlands on 20 January 2003.

As of 2 February 2010, there were 65 Signatories (Full Member Accreditation Bodies) to the ILAC Arrangement, representing 52 economies.

Approx. 34,000 laboratories & 6,000 inspection bodies have been accredited by the 87 ILAC Full Members and Associates.

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ILAC’s Global Role

Principal international forum for

Recognition of competent test and calibration labs world-wide through its (Mutual Recognition) Arrangement

Development and appropriate harmonization of laboratory accreditation practice across the globe

Promotion of laboratory accreditation as an effective mechanism for providing confidence in measurement results, which is essential for global

(a) trade facilitation(b) socio-economic issues

Assisting with the development of laboratory accreditation systems

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Role of ILAC & IAF in DCMAS network

Works with other partners to provide holistic support to developing countries in metrology, accreditation and standards development.

Focuses on the development of infrastructure in developing countries for the accreditation of laboratories (ILAC) and certification bodies (IAF).

This activity is channeled through the Joint ILAC/IAF Development Support Committee (JDSC) which has close links with UNIDO and other funding agencies.

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Where Can I Get More Information about ILAC?

ILAC also publishes a range of literature on topics covering accreditation, testing, trade facilitation and related subjects.

Its internet site at www.ilac.org can provide a range of information on laboratory accreditation, as well as the location of its members world-wide.

ILAC produces a newsletter called ILAC News twice each year and this is available on the ILAC website.

For more information contact

The ILAC Secretariat - PO Box 7507Silverwater NSW 2128 -AustraliaFax +61 2 9736 8373 Email: ilac@nata.com.au

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Importance of accreditation for developing countries

"…verified compliance, for instance through accreditation, with relevant guides or recommendations issued by international standardizing bodies shall be taken into account as an indication of adequate technical competence." Section 6.1.1 of the TBT Agreement

i.e. use of an accreditation system reduces the possibility of goods being denied access on the basis of inadequate conformity assessment

For developing countries

Lack of access to accreditation programmes prevents full integration into the world trading system

The absence of an accreditation service is recognized as a development priority

Developing an accreditation infrastructure is daunting if a government does not have the knowledge, experience or financial resources

Systems have been successfully developed for some accreditation bodies in the Asia-Pacific, African, Eurasian and American regions

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The integrated approach to development assistance

Holistic consideration of a country's needs

Plan of action is then agreed

Assistance coordinated and synergies between parts of the technical infrastructure established, which strengthen the technical infrastructure, enabling it to contribute to the country's sustainable development and trade potential

Each part of the technical infrastructure is interdependent Metrology and physical standards are basis for accurate

measurements

international documentary standards state their accepted performance

these then are the basis for conformity assessment activities

these activities can then be accredited, peer assessed or both

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However ...

The cost of providing all of these activities at their most advanced level is prohibitive

Even in developed countries the sophistication varies between parts of the technical infrastructure

Parts of the infrastructure are often jointly owned or shared between one or more countries, or services of another country are relied upon

For sustainable development and trade purposes it is important

to ensure that societies and industries in developing countries have a technical infrastructure that reflects their needs

to effectively participate in global trading activities, including participating in international organisations' work

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DCMAS network recommendations

To provide for a composite approach to developing technical infrastructures, the DCMAS network recommends that assistance be based on

thorough needs assessment of the economy (including domestic, societal or import sectors, and trade and export sectors)

understanding that there is no ready-made model for technical infrastructures (components, sophistication, delivery). Developing countries must decide on this and give ongoing political commitment

careful consideration of the needs and assistance to ensure new technical infrastructures are sustainable and planned

identifying the resources needed to sustain the infrastructure

remembering that bi-lateral or regional options may give better economies of scale (but must take account of historical, political and cultural sensitivities)

DCMAS NETWORK 43

International Trade Centre (ITC)

Joint Agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations

Goal is to help developing and transition countries achieve sustainable human development through exports

Partners with trade support institutions to deliver sustainable and inclusive capacity building services to achieve « Export Impact for Good »

Has five core business practices: business and trade policy, export strategy, strengthening trade support institutions, trade intelligence and exporter competitiveness

Connects opportunities to markets

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Export Quality Management

GoalImprove competitiveness of enterprises in developing and transition countries by enhancing their capacity to meet technical requirements in export markets and to overcome technical barriers to trade

Modality of deliveryCapacity building through a series of training programmes

Advisory services to enterprises, conformity assessment bodies and policy makers

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Activities in the area of Export Quality Management

Develop capability to obtain and disseminate information on technical requirements in importing countries

Assistance to enterprises to meet standards, technical regulations and SPS measures

Assistance to conformity assessment bodies to enable their recognition

Review of quality infrastructure, including SPS infrastructure, to identify gaps and prepare road map for improvement

DCMAS NETWORK 46

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, whose mandate is

to promote and accelerate sustainable industrial development in developing countries and economies in transition ;

to work towards improving living conditions in the world’s poorest countries by drawing on its combined global resources and expertise.

In recent years, UNIDO has assumed an enhanced role in the global development agenda by focusing its activities on three thematic priorities

1) POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES

2) TRACE CAPACITY BUILDING

3) ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

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UNIDOs Medium Term Framework

DCMAS NETWORK 48

United Nations European Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)

UNECE is one of the 5 Regional Commissions of the United Nations

Its membership includes Europe, North America, South-East Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia

UNECE voluntary standards and normative tools are truly global

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UNECE Working Party on Regulatory Cooperation and Standardization Policies (WP.6) (1/3)

What we are Intergovernmental body

Participation by: authorities, regional & int’l organizations, business, standards-setting bodies, certification bodies, test houses, civil society

1970 – 2010 : 40 years

Our mandate Forum for dialogue on : Standardization

Technical regulations Conformity assessment Accreditation Metrology Market surveillance

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UNECE WP. 6 (2/3)

Our activities Share info & best practice

Capacity-building

Develop and maintain a set of recommendations

Implement a set of initiatives on specific industrial sectors

Market surveillance Raising awareness of role of market surveillance

Best practice & use of risk management tools

Common terminology

Technical assistance (cooperation with UNIDO)

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UNECE WP. 6 (3/3)

Risk Management Regulations : choosing whether to regulate &

alternative tools

Conformity assessment : choice of options

Market surveillance : planning of inspections, decisions on sanctions, communication obligations

Cooperation among stakeholders

Sectoral initiatives Develop & implement a common regulatory

framework in specific sectors

So far: Telecommunications, Earth-moving equipment, Ex Equipment, Pipelines safety

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Conclusions

The DCMAS network was established to bring together specialized organizations to promote and implement MAS activities at a global level

International specialist organizations with technical expertise and funding agencies must work together to strengthen and improve the effectiveness of technical infrastructure capacity building

Collaboration with partners is the key to efficient use of resources and to long term, sustainable development

Effective development assistance needs a coordinated approach, that is demand-driven and a country-owned process undertaken in partnership with aid agencies

DCMAS NETWORK

THANK YOU