ESOURCE MATERIALS COLLECTION ,

JAB-4063 IAGENCY FILE NETWOR JEFFERSON FELLOWS NEWSLETTER OCT - ~ 191) ,

THE EAST-WEST CENTER NO . 4,YALL I 90 I, EAsT-WEST CENTER I

HONOlULU, HA\I\WI ~~

The 1990 Jefferson Fellows Ro~m Far and Wide.. WHEN YOSHIAKI ITO, a reporter for Mainichi Newspapers in Japan, used his 1990Jefferson Fellowship travel to investigate Hispanic immigration to the United States, he went right to one of the chief sources: across the Rio Grande River into Mexico.

South of the..border, Ito inter­viewed a "coyote," a professional smuggler who charges Mexican work­ers anywhere from $30 to $500 to illic­itly bring his countrymen into the United States.

"Anyone looking for day work can cross the border easily, " said Ito. "But to reach a city like San Antonio, you need the help of a coyote."

Ito spent eight days in the San Antonio region interviewing officials, business people, Texas workers and illegal immigrants. He was not sur­prised at how many Mexican workers THE 1990 JEFFERSON FELLOWS . First row, from left: Kirk Spitzer, GannettNewsService;

Lee Choon-Sam, Choson /lbo; Liz Sly, Chicago Tribune; CriseIda Cerdena, Manila Times;violated the immigration laws. Thomas W. Walsh, Detroit Free Press; Monica Plunkett, graduate student intern; and Brian"Mexican workers can earn $40 a Naylor, National Public Radio. Back row:John Schidlovsky,journalist-in-residence; Robertday in the Texas fields, which is low in B. Hewett, curator; W. Donn Rogosin, WSWP-TV; W. RexJory, Adelaide Advertiser; Yoshiaki

the United States, but much better Ito, Mainichi Shimbun; Sarosh Bana, Indian Express; Pao Wan Lung, Hong Kong Cable

than the $40 a week they might Communications;James Kinsella, SanJose Mercury NroJs; and Margaret White, adrrunistrative receive in Mexico," Ito said. officer, Institute of Culture and Communication.

Ito wasn't the only one of the 12 1990 jeffe!2on Fellows who roamed far and wide during the just-com­pleted program. Sarosh Bana, a senior reporter for the Indian Express Journalists Join East-West Center Staff in Bombay, traveled to 13 American cities. In Dallas, he was the featured THERE ARE SOME new faces at the Richard Halloran, a former Tokyo

T continued on page 3 East-West Center, including those of bureau chief for The Washington Post two long-time journalists who have and New Yom Times and longtime begun expanding the Cen ter's jour­ Pentagon reporter for the Times, has nalism programs. been appointed director of SpecialInside

John Schidlovsky, a former Beijing Projects. He will have overall responsi­o India's "mindless assault" and New Delhi bureau chief for The bility for journalism programs.

on the environment 2 BaUimare Sun, has been named the new Schidlovsky, who spent 13 years

o News and notes about former curator ofjournalism programs and with The Baltimore Sun in a career in Jefferson Fellows 4 theJefferson Fellowships. He succeeds daily journalism that covered 18

Robert Hewett, who retired as interim years, arrived at the Center in Decem­o Topical reports by the director of the Institute of Culture ber, 1989, to serve as journalist-in-resi­1990]efferson Fellows 6 and Communication in June and will dence and to write a book about the remain as a senior research fellow. T continued on page 5

NETWORK

Report From:

India's 'Mindless Assault' on the Environment

by SAROSH BANA, '90

Senior Reporter Indian Express

This is an excerpt from a report by Mr. Bana, one of a series of occasional Reports From by former Jefferson Fellows on subjects they have covered.

GANGA, INDIA'S HOLIEST RIVER .

which springs forth from an ice-cave in the Himalayas as a crystal clear rivu­let, turns into a cesspool as it reaches the temple town of Benares. Some 60 million liters of untreated sewage are disgorged into its murky waters by six major and about 60 smaller drains. Unmindful of the gushing wastes, six million devotees have a holy dip each year at the myriad bathing ghats in this township.

In the picturesque coastal resort of Dahanu in the western state of Maha­rash tra, a vigorous movemen t of resi­dent fi sherfolk, horticulturists and saltpan-holders is zealously resisting government plans to set up a 500 MW thermal power station that will irrevo­cably upset the entire ecosystem. The Rs 6 billion coal-fired plant will smother this lush region-the only green spot ol1~n oi.berwise,J>ruLishly industrialized tract-with 2800 tons of fly ash per day and will divert water supplies from a nearby irrigation proj­ect originally designated for irrigating farmlands of marginal landholders.

Fumes from the smokestacks of the oil refinery in Lord Krishna's birth­place of Mathura are ru thlessly cor­roding the delicate marble friezes of the famed Taj Mahal in Agra 40 km away. The tropical rain forests of the remote Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal are up for grabs as the gov­ernment has proposed sponsoring their conversion into a free port to en­tice moneyed Indian expatriates flee­

ing Hong Kong by 1997 when the Crown Colony is ceded to Beijing.

There is a mindless assault on the environment in India, the land of Mahatma Gandhi's non-violence, where fellow-feeling and communion with nature were translated in our ancient scriptures as the pathway to God. But a strange belligerence has built up in the name of development. A belligerence that has boomeranged just as tellingly on the perpetrators as on their environs. A belligerence that is not only turning man against envi­ronment, but man against man.

On the face of it, India's environ­ment appears to be more than ade­quately protected: more than 200 different federal and state laws pre­scribe norms for pollution control and conservation of resources. Still more are contemplated. But while the administration prides itself in evolv­ing the requisite provisions to check ecological degradation, the literaIly inexhaustive list of transgressions underscores an abysmal lack of enforcement.

There is a robust and thriving envi­ronmental movement in India which probably has more ecologicaIly ori­ented groups than anywhere else in

the developing world. However, most of these voluntary agencies had their beginnings in rural and social uplift­ment in their work at the grass-roots level. Even today, many consider "en­vironmentalism" an elitist fetish not affordable by India if the country is to progress and prosper. Conservation­ists are often berated as emotional humbugs harboring an altruistic and unrealistic "back-to-nature" drealJt' ·· and are sometimes derided as impedi­ments to national advancement.

The Bhopal gas disaster added a crucial dimension to press coverage of ecological issues. Articles became more detailed, better-researched, analytical, even scientific, presenting to readers a prodigious pool of facts and information from which to draw their own inferences and conclusions. It exposed the juggernaut of vested interests operating within the country and did achieve in focusing people'S attention on pertinent environmental problems which had till then been festering unnoticed.

But the Fourth Estate cut both ways. In certain cases, it became a will­ing instrument in the hands of the administration in its insidious pro­gram of disinformation and suppres­sionoHacts With~~-­Gujarat state government very high in its construction of the Sardar Sarovar project in Baroda district, the Gujarati press became a valuable aIly in peddling the hazardous scheme as "the lifeline of Gujarat." Journalistic ethics were thrown to the winds, all news about the anti-dam campaign unceremoniously blacked out and all articles arguing against the superdam spiked without ascribing reasons. In an unprecedented show of profes­sional unscrupulousness, even the Gujarati-Ianguage newspapers pub­lished from outside the state resorted to this subterfuge. I

2

FALL 1990

Jefferson Fellows Criss-Cross Asia,!P{lcifiC, u.s. ... continued from page 1

guest on a radio call-in show. Lee Choon-Sam, a reporter for the

Chosun llbo in Seoul, stayed at the home of an Indiana beef cattle farmer. He also traveled to Anchor­age, where the Korean consul-general is an old school chum and took Mr. Lee fishing in the icy Alaskan waters.

Perhaps the most active traveler was W. RexJory, the affable political writer of the Advertiser in Adelaide, Australia. He managed to get to 17 American cities, including Beckley, West Virginia, the home of another 1990 Fellow, W. Donn Rogosin .

Jory was struck throughout his American odyssey at the plight of the homeless and poor. He also was favor­ably impressed at how racial animosi­ties have eased since his previous travels in the United States, as well as at the genuine effort Americans were making to publicize the dangers of il­licit drugs.

Criselda Cerdena, the news editor of the Manila Times, stayed at the home of 1989 Fellow Jennifer Lin of The Philadelphia Inquirer; who lives with her husband in a renovated historic home in Bucks County, Pa. In addi­tion to learning a lot about colonial history in Pennsylvania, Cerdena also got a close-up look at historic Lexing­ton and Concord in Massachusetts.

P erhaps the least peripatetic. of all the Asian Fellows was Pao Wan Lung, of Hong Kong Cable Television, who spent a week in Atlanta at the head­quarters of the Cable News Network (CNN). Pao picked up many ideas for his own fledgling network, which will be Hong Kong's frrst cable enterprise.

As for the American Fellows, they traveled as a group to Japan with Robert Hewett, who this year retired as curator of the Jefferson Fellows program and as interim director of the Institute of Culture and Commu­nication. Bob kept the six Americans on their toes, organizing pre-dawn

visits to the Tokyo fish market and other fascinating excursions.

In China, the Fellows were accom­panied by three East-West Center es­corts: Richard Halloran, director of Special Projects;John Schidlovsky, the former Baltimore Sun Beijing bureau chief who has succeeded Hewett as J ef­ferson Fellows curator; and Paul Clark, the Chinese-speaking research associ­ate who is the Center's film expert.

In Beijing, the Fellows visited Ti(i[lanmen Square, which was eerily _ empty a few days prior to the anniver­sary oflast year's June 3-4 army suppression of the pro-democracy demonstrations. Plainclothes police­m en took photographs of the J effer­son Fellows, who were among the few journalists from outside Beijing allowed to enter China during the anniversary pel;od.

The Americans were every bit as mobile as the Asian Fellows when it came to individual travels. Liz Sly, a Washington correspondent for The Chicago T1ilrnne, had a hectic but re-

FELLOWS IN JAPAN. At Hiroshima's Peace Museum, 1990 Fellow Tom Walsh, right, 1985 Fellow Katsuhisa Tanaka, left, and museum director Yositaka Kawamoto inspect a city model showing where the atomic bomb was dropped.

warding trip to Vietnam and Cambo­dia. Tom Walsh, the business editor for The Detroi/, Free Press, got as far as India, where he was struck by the way the country seemed "strangled" by bureaucracy. It was Walsh's first trip to India, but he quickly picked up some smart habits, like "looking for Sikh cabdrivers" because of their reputa­tion for good driving and straight­forwardness.

James Kinsella, the assistant for­

eign/nati9J1~I~dit.Q.r oftlLe S~Jos~_ Mercury News, was favorably impressed with the "energy levels" in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand . He also found unforgettable his trip to the Korean de-militarized zone, where he concluded the U.S. military role was "appropriate" in the tense area.

Another visitor to the Korean DMZ was Kirk Spitzer, defense writer for Gannett News Service, who found the site a rare reminder "the Cold War lives." He also spent time in the Philip­pines, where he was surprised at the aura of violence in the capital.

As the only television journalist in the American group, W. Donn Rogosin ofWSWP-TV in West Vir­ginia, spent much of his travel time investigating the role of broadcasters in Asia. Among his findings: "In broad­casting, Americans are not involved in Asia as they should be." Rogosin plans to return to AsIa on several reporting and production projects.

Finally, Brian Naylor of National Public Radio may have won the "off­the-beaten-track" award by traveling to Papua New Guinea. He found a nation "rich with resources" but plagued by problems with communi­cations and transportation. Naylor's carefully prepared plans to report from Papua New Guinea were consis­tently sabotaged by infrastructural problems--symbolized, perhaps, by his taxi's breakdown en route from the airport the day he landed. I

3

NETWORK

News and Notes About Former Jefferson Fellows Jae Hee Kim (Korea, '67) has com­pleted her fourth year as UNICEF representative to Sierra Leone and has begun a new assignment as deputy director of the Division of Personnel in UNICEF's headquarters in New York.

Jose G. Burgos,Jr. (Philippines, '73) is publisher-editor of WeForum, an English-language newspaper in the Philippines.

Leulu Felise Va'it (Western Samoa, '80) is a lecturer in Samoan studies at the National University of Samoa and contributes articles to the Samoa Times. In 1987, he obtained an M.A. degree in anthropology from the Australian National University.

Ye Zhixiong (China, '80) recently completed his reporting assignment in Kenya for the Xinhua News Agency and is now awaiting his next assign­ment. He recently met with the 1990 U.S. Fellows on their visit to Beijing.

Sinclair Solomon (Papua New Guinea, '82) is editor-in-chief of the Niugini Nius, a daily English-language newspaper in Boroko, Papua New Guinea.

John Clark (USA, '83) is associate editor of the Plain Dealer in Cleveland, Qhi. ~ .." .....__~~~....v

James Lynn (USA, '83) is senior editor of the Viewpoints section of Newsday in New York.

Rajan Moses (Malaysia, '83) is senior commodities correspondent for Reuters in the agency's Washington, D.C., office.

Jun Kusano (Japan, '84) has returned to Tokyo and the foreign news desk of Sankei Shimbun after an assignment in New York.

Joseph Reaves (USA, '84) continues as a foreign correspondent for The Chicago Tribune, moving to Warsaw

from Rome. Previously, he had been assigned to Manila and Beijing.

Kamla Suri (India, '84) has been appointed the chief of the research bureau of the Economic Times in Bombay.

Libby Mflerbach (USA, '85) is back in Texas, as assistant state editor for her former newspaper, the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. She writes: "I'm having a great time, and very glad to be 'home.' "

Roger Simms (Australia, , 85) is a lecturer in journalism for the Northern Territory University in Australia.

Katsukuni Tanaka (Japan, '85) is a Hiroshima Home Television execu­tive. He hosted at his home one of the 1990 U.S. Fellows, W. Donn Rogosin .

Richard Hull (USA, '86) has left radio and is now the executive director and a partner in the Indiana Beef Coun­cil. This year he arranged a program in Indianapolis and a home stay for 1990 Korean Fellow Lee Choon-Sam.

Gail Tagashira (USA, '86) is working on the Los Angeles Festival, a month­long examination of the arts focusing on Asian-Pacific disciplines sponsored by the us Angeles Times. She informs us she plans to "do a piece" onJeffer­son Fellow reunions.

Kenneth Ellis (USA, '87) is a senior producer for Globe TV in Sausalito, California.

Kavi Cbongkittavorn (Thailand, '88) spoke on Cambodia at the 1990 Pacific Basin Update seminar at the East-West Cener. He later opened the Phnom Penh bureau for his news­paper, The Nation.

E. Thomas McClanahan (USA, '88) and his wife, Judy, onJuly 9, 1989, became the proud parents ofa son,

Michael Patrick McClanahan.

Bruce Melzer (USA, '88) has joined the Anchorage Daily News as a business writer, covering banking, real estate, labor and tourism. He has also been traveling to the Soviet Far East, cover­ing the visit of Alaska Governor Steve Cowper.

David Molpus (USA, '88) moves from Washington, D.C., to Chapel Hill, N.C."to opell,NaJional Public Radio ~s southern bureau.

Marcia Stepanek (USA, '88) has been free-lancing from Tokyo, contributing to The Denver Post, Newsweek-Japan and National Public Radio, among others.

Xiong Lei (China, '88) continues her work for the China Features service of Xinhua. She met with the 1990 U.S. Fellows on their visit to Beijing and presented them with a copy of a recent book she co-edited.

Jon Funabiki (USA, '89) has left The San Diego Union to become the first director of the new Center for Integra­tion and Improvement ofJournalism at San Francisco State University. He will direct the Center's programs to recruit, train and place minorities in newsrooms. "The project will go far, " he ~.i!~§ "i~ .. ria. . t common excuse news executives give for failing to hire minorities: 'We can't find qualified candidates.' Most minority journalists, including myself, believe that's hogwash."

Jennifer Lin (USA, '89), a business reporter with The PhilaAklphia Inquirer, recently hosted 1990 Fellow from the Philippines, Criselda Cerdena, at her house in Bucks County, Pa.

Liu Dizhong (China, '89) is chief of the reporters' department for China Daily. He met with the 1990 U.S. Jefferson Fellows on their visit to Beijing. I

4

-- - - -

FALL 1990

Changes mark expanding activities

New Faces Appear in EWe Journalism Programs ... continued fr()Tn page 1

Tiananmen Square demonstrations in China. As a Beijing-based correspon­den t from 1987 to the end of 1989, Schidlovsky closely covered the pro-democracy demonstrations that led to the June 3-4, 1989, military crackdown.

Schidlovsky served as a national correspondent for The Sun in 1984­87, New Delhi bureau chief in 1981­83, and metropolitan reporter in 1977-81. He was a freelance reporter in Beirut and Cairo from 1975 to 1977, covering the ou tbreak of the civil war in Lebanon. He is a graduate of Columbia University and was a Gan­nett Fellow in Asian studies at the Uni­versity of Hawaii from 1983 to 1984.

Halloran joined the East-West Cen­ter in January, 1990, assuming respon­sibility for the journalism programs and supervision of the Center's grow­ing public education programs. From 1976 to 1989, he was an investigative reporter for The New York Tirnes and subsequently energy correspondent and military correspondent in Washington, D.C.

He served as bureau chief for the Times in Japan and Korea from 1972 to 1976, as Northeast Asia correspon­dent for The Washington Post from 1966 to 1968 and as Asia bureau chief for Busin.essWeek from 1962 to 1964.

Halloran received the George Polk Award for National Reporting in 1982, the Gerald R. Ford Prize for Distinguished Reporting on National Defense in 1988 and the United States Army's Outstanding Civilian Service Medal in 1989. He is the author of four books, includingJapan: Images and Realities. He studied at Dart­mouth College and did graduate studies at the University of Michigan and Columbia University.

In retiring from his post as curator of the Jefferson Fellows program, Hewett moves on to coordinate a

study ofJapan-United States news cov­erage as an East-West Center senior fellow. He joined the Center in 1967 after 22 years as a foreign correspon­dent in Asia, the Middle East, Mrica and Europe for the Associated Press and Cowles Publications.

He served as director of public af­fairs, special assistant to the president and corporation secretary at the Cen­ter before becoming curator of the Jefferson Fellows program in 1983. In 1988, Hewett was named interim director of the Institute of Culture and Communication, which has housed theJefferson Fellowships until this summer.

The new director of the ICC is Tu Wei-ming, a professor of Chinese his­tory and philosophy at Harvard Uni­versity since 1981. Previously, he taught at the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University, and Tunghai University in Taiwan.

Professor Tu was born in China in 1940 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1970. He is one of the world's leading authorities on Confu­cian thought and Chinese intellectual history, and is the author of numer­ous books, articles and reviews. He received his degrees from Tunghai and Harvard universities.

Succeeding Schidlovsky as the East­West Center's journalist- in-residence this year is Keith Richburg, the Wash-

Network -.L No.4/ Fall 1990

NETWORK is published as a Jefferson Fellows newsletter by the East-West Center. The Jefferson Fellowship Pro­gram was established in 1967 to give journalists a broader perspective on their work. We welcome articles, notes, and comments from all readers. Send them to Curator,Jefferson Fellows Pro­gram, East-West Center, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96848, U.S.A.

ingtan Post's correspondent in South­east Asia. Based in Manila since September, 1986, Richburg was re­sponsible for coverage of the ASEAN countries, Indochina and the Pacific. He was on the national staff of the Post from 1984 to 1986, covering na­tional education, the federal bureau­cracy and minority affairs. He was a metropolitan reporter from 1980 to 1983. _.MJ.he.£e.n.ter.. Ric.hhur..g_willdo.._­writing and research on Indochina, a project in which he will work closely with the International Relations pro­gram. He will also help coordinate the day-to-day program of the 1991 Jefferson Fellows.

Yet another prominen t journalist who will be at the Center in the com­ing year is Derek Davies, the recently retired editor of the Far Eastern Ecanomic Review. Davies, who joined the Hong Kong-based Review in 1962 and became editor in 1964, will serve as the Center's senior editor-in-resi­dence and will work on a variety of journalistic programs.

Another change sees Margaret "Meg" White-who has worked closely with scores ofJefferson Fellows as the program officer since 1974­promoted to the post of administra­tive officer of the Institute of Culture and Communication.

A former reporter for the Associ­ated Press in Honolulu, White joined the Center staff in 1972 and has trav­eled on Center work to Asia and ac­companied the Asian Jefferson Fellows to the U.S. mainland many times, including this year.

Taking White 's place as program of­ficer is Helen Griffin, a former profes­sor of English literature and Fulbright Scholar in Bristol. Griffin worked for local government for many years be­fore joining the Center in 1989 as administrative officer for the Hawaii International Film Festival. I

5

NETWORK

Australia, Appalachia, Korean Reunification ... The 1990 Jefferson Fellows gave

news presentations in individual seminars. Here are excerpts from

those presentations.

Australia: Down Under Going Under

by REXJORY

Australia, a country rich in natural wealth, is facing a critical debt prob­lem. The foreign debt is now $140 billion, rising by around $1.5 billion a month. The debt is being sustained by overseas investment attracted by very high interest rates-business rates of 21 percen t.

This economic strategy could leave Australia without a workable economy within half a decade. Already major Australian corporations, built on debt financing, have crashed. If interest rates remain high, small to medium business cannot survive.

Australia still has time. But it must initiate reforms now. It must increase productivity, it must initiate microeco­nomic reforms on the waterfront and in the transport sector, it must reform its industrial laws to reduce the out­moded influence of unions and above all it must work harder and improve productivity and cost competitiveness. -- ., - - ~..-------­The Appalachian Intifada

by W. DONN ROGOSIN

West Virginia and the entire southern Appalachians have a history of labor strife. In this context, the strike in the Appalachia coalfields against the Pittston Coal company (from April, 1989. to February, 1990) was much more than just another strike. The strike was perceived as a watershed for the union. The general anti-union tenor of the 1980s was set when Presi­dent Reagan defeated the air traffic

controllers union and it appeared that unions had won no major victo­ries in the decade.

For corporate America, the strike was also seen as very irnportanL Could a battle be won in the heart­land of unionism? How would mod­ern corporate America do in the battle against rough and tumble old­time unionism? Could the export-ori­ented soft-coal industry prosper in world markets?

Naturally, both sides claimed vic­tory. However, more probably, both sides lost. In retrospect. this vicious labor struggle seemed a futile dance in which both company and union failed to achieve their objectives be­cause the power of international com­petition and changes in American labor mitigated against them.

A Long Way to Reunification

by LEE CHOON-SAM

No Korean wants war. However, the North and South Korean paths to peace and unification are different.

North Korea argues that once unifi­cation is achieved there will be no "inter-Korean conflict" because, theo­retically, there will be only one Korea. Thus, for N0rth Korea, peace is not a separable objective from unification. Political unification is both the final objective and a means to achieve peace. North Korea, of course, does not mention the violent process to achieve their unification.

On the other hand, South Korea puts more emphasis on peace than on unification and insists that unification should be pursued on the basis of agreed peace between the two Koreas. To reunify the two into one nation state is an undeniable national goal. Thus, South Korea prefers "unifica­tion through inter-Korean peace" to "peace through political unification."

Changes in the Auto Industry and the Impact on Detroit

by TOM WALSH

As the 1990s open, GM, Ford and Chrysler offer rebates and extend plant shutdowns. Yet in the bustling Japanese-run factories that have sprouted like industrial wildflowers in the U.S. heartland, production curves are rising as the transplanted automakers ·take 1'001;;. -

Honda, Nissan, Mazda, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Subaru and Isuzu: they came to America, offering jobs, ac­cepting the challenge of U .S. industry to compete on a level playing field. Communities welcomed them, wooed them with tax breaks and money to train workers. Now, their roots in this country have settled so firmly that they are crowding General Motors, Ford and Chrysler on their home turf.

By nearly any measure-sales growth, quality, productivity, innova­tion and agility in the marketplace­Japanese transplants are beating the Big Three and setting the competitive agenda for the '90s.

The transplants' success has fueled industry speculation about a day when Chrysler might no longer be a free-standing company, or a time wheA gian~enera-~·Mott'lrs·w0t1·ld sell only one-fourth of all cars in the United States.

Indeed, the Japanese transplants have upped the ante and helped give consumers the best cars the industry has seen in years; they have forced their competitors to rethink the most fundamental manufacturing tasks; they have rewritten the quality stan­dards for automotive suppliers; they have sharply reduced the UAW's tradi­tional command of the industry's work force; and they have helped es­tablish a new style of labor democ­racy, where companies involve workers more.

6

FALL 1990

.. . Japan's Press, the Philippines, U.S. Media Problems the Japanese Press Is Faced With

by YOSHIAKI ITO

Japanese businessmen are well known fOI' devoting themselves to entertain­ing clients or business colleagues after work hours. It is also true that a high percentage ofJapanese newspaper­men's time in gathering a news story is spent on night time activities after their work is dORe at their offiees~ --­

For example, a journalist often vis­its the house of a policeman if he is covering a case the policeman is in­volved with. At first, the journalist may be refused entry, but he will visit continually, trying to establish a rela­tionship with the policeman so that the latter will eventually invite him inside to eat and drink together. Naturally, a journalist will return home late, at around 2 a.m. or 3 a.m. Furthermore, in the early morning, before leaving for his office, the jour­nalist must also visit public officials to gather news if he had no time to visit their homes the night before.

The People vs. Washington, D.C., Mayor Marion Barry

by BRIAN NAYLOR

It is not only the mayor's alleged drug use that has caused so many Washing­ton residents to lose faith in Marion Barry. There is also the corruption of government officials and the decay of ci ty services.

In the ll-year tenure of Marion Barry in the District Building, the scorecard reads like this: 11 former city officials, including two deputy mayors, indicted and convicted on var­ious corruption and embezzlement charges. Recently eight close friends and associates of the mayor have been subpoenaed by prosecutors, who re­

portedly want to look at whether the mayor steered city contracts to his friends ... possibly in return for drugs.

There are some 638,000 residents of the District of Columbia. They pay taxes that are higher per capita than every state except AJaska and Wyo­ming. That money supports what's been described as a powerful political machine, built by Marion Barry. Crit­ics say city payrolls are bloated with

- - -sonte 48-;OOO -employees; 1:hal.'nrtYout -­three times more than comparably sized cities.

The Philippines Situation

by CRISELDA CERDENA

For Filipinos, the talks on the U.S. bases are emotionally charged. Against the hard economic fact that the U.S. bases provide our country with substantial income and employ­ment is matched the fact of the non­economic costs of the bases, which more and more Filipinos are becom­ing aware of.

For almost a century, the bases have represented our dependence on, even continuing subservience to, our colonial master. We have had to surrender our sovereignty in the piece of soil occupied by Americans; we cannot even run after and pursue U.S. servicemen who've committed atrocities against our people. Our women and children around the bases have become virtual prostitutes. If a recen t Senate committee report is to be believed, AIDS took root in our country through the bases.

In the light of the thawing of the Cold War, particularly the avowed withdrawal of Soviet troops in the Asia­Pacific region, from what external at­tacks are the bases supposed to protect us? On the contrary, since the bases had been used in the past as

staging areas for attack on other coun­tries, they may even pose a danger as "magnets" for invasion.

Why the American Media Doesn't Work

by JAMES KINSELLA

In 1981, American journalism missed the single biggest story of the 1980s. SiliCe theil, the-media's cov~lage-'nf---­

the AIDS epidemic has revealed every flaw in how we do our job. Indeed, in the nine years that this crisis has devel­oped into a worldwide catastrophe, journalists have changed their metJ1­ods surprisingly little: they are still too eager to embrace "officialdom's" view of this crisis, too gullible to challenge the course a handful of major medi­cal journals has set for them, and too short-sighted to see the dimensions of this crisis.

Never has it been more important that journalists do their job well. The United States has perhaps the most so­phisticated information-dissemina­tion system in the world. Yet it is completely reliant on individual re­porters, editors and broadcasters to make fundamental and correct deci­sions about what is news. Discounting the-AlDS epi-del11-Ic-early-on, the­media contributed to the spread of this epidemic and to the eventual deaths of hundreds of thousands who might have been spared if they had had basic preventive information.

Drugs and the Drug War

by LIZ SLY

The Bush Administration has scored some successes in its international drug efforts-by last count at least 14 significant members of the Medellin

... continued on pagr 8

7

NETWORK

Drug War, Hong Kong's Future, Panama • • •

... continued from page 7

cartel had been extradited from Colombia to stand trial in the U.S. Indeed, the administration's biggest success has probably been in persuad­ing other countries at least to try to help America out in its problem.

But there has been no noticeable impa ct on the problem on the streets of America's inner cities. Indeed, po­lice chiefs complain that things are only getting worse. That is not to say that the policy is having no effect at all-it is. America's jails and prisons are bursting beyond capacity with the increased numbers who have been ar­rested and convicted for drug offenses.

There are currently around 1 mil­lion inmates in America, 47 percent of them drug offenders, filling a prison system designed for 700,000. By 1995, the prison population is pro­jected to double to two million, 70 percent of whom will be drug offend­ers. But although the drug strategy provides new money for police to lock people up, it provides next to nothing for new prison cells in which to put them.

Hong Kong: Past, Present and Future

b PAO WAN LUNG

The future certainly looks very bleak for Hong Kong. The investors in Hong Kong, be they local or foreign, are not thinking by and large of long­term investment any more.

At a time like this, Hong Kong con­fronts one unique problem of its own, a shortage of manpower. As a great number of middle-management per­sonnel and young professionals leave Hong Kong, there is a large vacuum of such people being created. Junior personnel have to be prematurely elevated to assume positions not intended for them until a few years later. This leads not only to a decrease

in work quality but also creates a active-duty troops and is the only U .S. chronic problem of labor shortage. military unit with its own separate While some coun tries in the world are budget and independent authority to worrying about a high unemploy­ buy and develop weapons. As such, it 'ment rate, we in Hong Kong are is virtually a fourth branch of the proud to say, even though it is with armed services. some bitterness, that we have a mod­ The command has a budget this est unemployment rate of 4 percent. year of about $3 billion, nearly seven

times the amount devoted to Special Operations in 1981.The Panama Invasion:

It all adds up to a remarkable turn­Rebirth of the Snake-eaters around. The special forces were closely associated with the Vietnam

by KIRK SPITZER War and fell into disfavor after the

Altogether, 4,150 Special Ope rations war ended badly. Even within the mili­troops took part in Operation Just tary they were referred to derisively as Cause, about one-sixth of the total "snake-eaters, " a reference to their U.S. troops involved. They suffered ability to live off the land while operat­129 wounded, along with 11 dead. ing in remote areas or behind enemy

The command now totals 20,000 lines for long periods.

Keep in Touch!

We want to let all the former Jefferson Fellows know where you are and what your're doing. We'll be compiling a directory of the more than 180 former Fellows, which we want to mail out to everyone involved in the program. So please give us the current information in the spaces below. Mail to: Curator,Jefferson Fellowships, East-West Center, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96848 U.S.A.

Name _____________________________

Coun try _______________ Yea~ o.!!ell'?~~~p--~<=____e_.".......- 1_

Current professional position and address _______________

Current residential address _____________________

Telephone: Business __________ Residence _________

Recent professional accomplishments, awards, highlights __________

Other news about yourself or news of other Jefferson Fellows_________

8