network and systems laboratory nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw zzz 2011/12/16wireless sensor network and labs...
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Network and Systems Laboratorynslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw
zzz
2011/12/16Wireless Sensor Network And Labs fall 2011 1
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Today’s ClassLast week
IntroductionCreate schematic libraryCapture schematic
Create PCB library (footprint)Layout
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Through-hole PackagesSIP: single in-line packages
DIP: dual in-line packages
Through-hole package are old, their number decreased in modern design
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SMD PackagesChip resistors, capacitors, inductors
0402, 0603, 0805, … Represent size of the chip 0805 means 0.08” x 0.05” rectangle
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SMD Packages SO: Small outline
Usually refer to IC with two rows of leads
QFP: Quad flat package
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SMD Packages QFN: Quad flat package, no-leads
The packages we introduced just now are most commonly usedDevice datasheet should include the package
informationYou will need it for PCB layout
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SMD Packages BGA: Ball Grid Array
PGA: Pin Grid Array
These two are widely used in high end processor. They allow more pin-out from a single package. We seldom use ICs in these package, it is too difficult to solder by hand
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Why To BuyVarious sources
Online retailers www.digikey.com www.mouser.com
Local distributorsThese are probably two of the world largest online electronic
components retailers. If the component you need cannot buy
from these two sources, you might want to consider the other
component!
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Block Diagram
TarokoLocation node
TarokoControl node
Battery4 AA
6V output
Regulator
LM317L
Connector
3-PinInfrared
Connector
3-PinInfrared
Connector
3-PinMotor
Connector
3-PinMotor
3.3V
3.3V
6V
6V
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ComponentsBattery connector: 2-pin, Regulator: LM317L, 8-pin SOIC
Resistor, capacitorTaroko connector
Location node: 2x5 pin, 2x3 pin Control node: 2x5 pin, 2x3 pin
Infrared connector: 3 pin Motor connector: 3 pin
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PCB LayoutSoftware
We are using “Altium Design 6”There are many other software available
Process1.Initial setup2.Create schematic library3.Capture schematic4.Create PCB library5.PCB layout6.Output
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PCBcopper
copper
copper
1-layer board
2-layer board
Multi-layer board(Taroko is 4-layer board)
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TerminologiesTop layer: copper on top
Top overlay: white marks on top layer
Bottom layer: copper on bottomBottom overlay: white marks on Bottom layer
Keep out layer: defines the shape of the board
pads: holds the IC leads
vias: holes
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Top paste: paste mask on top layerTop solder: solder mask on top layer
Bottom paste: paste mask on Bottom layerBottom solder: solder mask on Bottom layer
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PCB LibraryOnce you have every component you need on
the schematic library, you can start create PCB library
PCB library defines the footprint of the component
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AD7798AD7798 LM317L
LM317L
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What Is Footprint
A footprint created in the software
After finish the layout and get the PCB board. This is how it look like.
AD7798 placed on the board
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Dimension
Must follow the exact dimension Other wise the component cannot solder on the board
Leave some extra space for soldering
6.4mm
extra space for soldering
The basic idea is the footprint you defined can fits the chip
The basic idea is the footprint you defined can fits the chip
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Simple Calculation4mm
7.7mm
These are pads, they use to hold the lead of the IC. You can define the length you want. You must leave some space for soldering
These are pads, they use to hold the lead of the IC. You can define the length you want. You must leave some space for soldering
(0.3* 1.85) mm
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The Footprint You NeedLM317L Regurator
SOIC 8 (Check datasheet)Power Connector (端子台 )
Pitch 5.08mmInfrared proximity connector
Pitch 2.0 mmConnector: 2x5 pin, 2x3 pin, 3 pin
Pitch 2.54mmChip capacitor, resistor
0805
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LM317L Physical Dimension
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Create Footprint – By WizardBy wizard (old version altium)Tool -> IPC Footprint Wizard
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Step 1
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Step 2
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Check datasheet for
correct number
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Step 3 – No Need Thermal Pad
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Step 4 – Use Default
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Step 5 – Low Density
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You can use large Toe Fillet, hand soldering will be easier
You can use large Toe Fillet, hand soldering will be easier
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Use Default
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Step 7 – Use Default
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Give It A Name
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SOIC-8 Footprint
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X,Y Coordinate
1 4
58
(0,0)
(1.27,0)
(0,5.2)
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(2.54,0)
(3.81,0)
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Create FootprintManual edit
Place padsPlace overlay
The white mark
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Power ConnectorCreate Footprint
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Infrared Connector
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millimetersmillimeters
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Copy Footprint Copy miscellaneous component’s footprints
In you are using Win 7 Copy “Miscellaneous Connectors.IntLib” and
“Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib” to another directory In C:\Program Files\Altium Designer 6\Library
Open and extract these two libraryCopy following footprint
Miscellaneous Devices.PcbLib 2012[0805]
Miscellaneous Connectors.PcbLib HDR1x2, HDR1x3, HDR2x3, HDR2x5
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The Footprint You NeedLM317L Regurator
SOIC 8 (Check datasheet) Create by wizard
Power Connector (端子台 ) Pitch 5.08mm Manual create
Infrared proximity connector Pitch 2.0 mm Manual create
Connector: 2x5 pin, 2x3 pin, 3 pin Pitch 2.54mm Copy from miscellaneous component’s footprints
Chip capacitor, resistor 0805 Copy from miscellaneous component’s footprints
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Link Schematic Library And PCB LibraryAfter create all the footprint need, linking
with the schematic librarylink schematic library and PCB library Update schematic
NotesPins on the schematic library must map to the
pins on PCB library, which is identical to real chip.
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Pin To Pin Mapping
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Pin To Pin Mapping
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Check Schematic And Choose FootprintChoose Footprint
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Normal Procedure
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1. Create component libraries in the PCB software
Schematic library PCB library Link PCB and Schematic
library2. Capture schematic
Draw the circuit on the PCB software
Choose footprint when you place components
3. Layout1. Decide the shape of the board2. Placing components3. Make connections
4. Make the hardware board Export layout to manufacturer
output, send to PCB manufacturer
Home made PCB
1. Create component libraries in the PCB software
Schematic library2. Capture schematic
Draw the circuit on the PCB software
3. Create PCB library Link PCB and Schematic
library Update schematic Choose footprint
4. Layout1. Decide the shape of the
board2. Placing components3. Make connections
5. Make the hardware board Export layout to
manufacturer output, send to PCB manufacturer
Home made PCB
Procedure we took
Procedure we took
Normal procedure
Normal procedure
Is better to follow this one
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NowCreate your footprintChoose correct footprintCheck schematic
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Export to PCBCompile the schematic and export the
components to PCB design documentCompile
Project -> Compile Document xxxxx.SchDocExport the footprints to PCB
Design -> Update PCB Document xxxxx.PcbDoc
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Environment And Keep-OutSetup the layout environment and defines the
keep out layerEnvironment (optional)
(Right click) Option -> Board Options Metric or Imperial Snap grid
Define Keep-out Define the shape of your PCB board
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Component PlacingPlace the component 01 02
Component placing is importantCarefully place the component according to the
signal pathFrequency used quick key
Dragging the component, press “space” to rotate Dragging the component, press “l” to place at the
other sizePlace the bypass capacitor as close to the
power pin as possible
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Design RulesEditing design rules
It defines the rules that your PCB board must follow
Frequently used rules Clearance – minimum distance between traces Routing Width – minimum and maximum allowable
trace width Routing Vias – minimum and maximum via size
(diameter and hold size)At least you need to change “routing width”
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PCB LayoutRouting 01 02 03 04
My way Route the power line first, route them at the edge
Make the track width wider for power line Route the signal line on the top layer as much as
you can Make the bottom layer as a continuous ground
plane
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Place Some SignatureJust for fun
You can put some text on the “Overlay layer” Either “Top Overlay” or “Bottom Overlay”
Text can be Team name Members name Date Whatever you want
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Design Rules Check (DRC)This function check everything
According to the rules you setupRun Design Rules Check (DRC)
If errors found, must fix itClearance Constraint Broken-Net Constraint Fix errors and run DRC again
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Ground (GND) Polygon PourPolygon Pour is a large area of copper
Usually use for GNDRoute signal on one side, place GND polygon
pour on the other sideConnect every GND through a via to another
sidePlace GND polygon pour
And run DRC again
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Fabrication OutputsExport the layout to fabrication outputs
1. Export Gerber files2. Export NCdrill file3. Pack all files in project output directory
Send these files to PCB manufacturer wait for about 1.5 weeks cost about NT4000 ~ NT6000 you will get a professional PCB board
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Send FilesSend me the whole project files
Whole project directoryOne layout for each teamBefore next Friday (12/23)
I will check the files and send to manufacturer by Wednesday
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Will it work? We’ll see
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