net effect ltd survey on planning and design of innovation infrastructure and creative environments...

Net Effect Ltd

Survey on planning and design of innovation infrastructure and

creative environments in Baltic Metropoles

Net Effect LtdSampo Ruoppila, Dr.Soc.Sc. (urban studies)

Nina von Hertzen, MA (pol.sc.)Helsinki University of Technology,

Centre for Urban and Regional Studies

Panu Lehtovuori, Dr.Tech. (architecture)

Tallinn 6.11.2007

129.10.2007

Innovation and urban planning: the linkage

• The linkage “The linkage between innovation policy and city planning incl. spatial

development in BaltMet Inno project means such strategies, development plans and measures related to land use, traffic and spatial development which affect, promote and enable the process of innovation, knowledge creation, and creativity in the metropolitan areas.”

• Innovation An innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved product

(good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations. (OECD)

The on-going survey (1/2)

1. Analytical screening of existing urban or regional strategies which include elements related to development of innovation infrastructure, and innovative and creative environmentsa. How are the innovation infrastructure and development of creative industries

“dealt with” in the different strategy documents? What kinds of goals are set in the strategies? Are there major differences between the documents?

b. After analysing the strategies of four cities, a preliminary conclusion is that few strategies are explicit about the link (usually only science parks are mentioned within the context of “innovation infrastructure”, and reference to “creative environments” is often not explicit)

The on-going survey (2/2)

2. Case studies a. Description and analysis of 25 cases in 11 cities b. Site visits to 7 cities (á 2-4 case examples): Berlin (november), Copenhagen

(done), Helsinki (on-going), Malmö (November), Riga (done), Stockholm (done), Tallinn (November)

c. Description and analysis of 1 case example from Oslo (on-going), St. Petersburg (undefined), Vilnius (November), Warsaw (undefined) on the development projects of Waterfront Areas, possibly with the focus on supporting cultural activities and/or creative industries

d. Question topics in the interviews: basic data, location versus urban structure, analytical background of the project, strategic motivation, development process (agents, time span, challenges), international co-operation

3. Recommendations• Including at least 2 project plan drafts

Mapping the concepts

• Since the field remains conceptually rather vague, the aim of this presentation is to provide you a preliminary list of concepts linking innovation and creative process to land-use development

• These concepts are innovative milieu growth corridor thematic corridor opportunity area creative city campus science park living lab cultural cluster urban fallowfield flagship project

• For illustration we use both BaltMet cases and other examples

SCALESCALE

POLICY INTENSITYPOLICY INTENSITY’’FOUND’ REALITIESFOUND’ REALITIES

’’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND

BRANDING INITIATIVESBRANDING INITIATIVES

TRANS-NATIONAL TRANS-NATIONAL REGIONSREGIONS

URBAN PROJECTSURBAN PROJECTS

Mapping the concepts: the axis

To reach the necessary conceptual clarity, we suggest approaching the spatial

underpinning of creativity and innovation along two axis,

those of scale and policy-intensity

SCALESCALE




(TRANS-)NATIONAL (TRANS-)NATIONAL REGIONSREGIONS


Innovative milieuInnovative milieu

‘‘Innovative milieu’ is a rather large spatial Innovative milieu’ is a rather large spatial area, e.g. a region, which has had better area, e.g. a region, which has had better

then average economic success. According then average economic success. According to Maillat, the ’innovative milieu’ requires to Maillat, the ’innovative milieu’ requires

both hard infrastructure (e.g. roads, both hard infrastructure (e.g. roads, universities) and soft infrastructure (e.g. universities) and soft infrastructure (e.g.

communication culture, trust), which communication culture, trust), which altogether explain economic regeneration altogether explain economic regeneration

and innovations. Emilia Romagna in and innovations. Emilia Romagna in Northern Italy is a classic example. Northern Italy is a classic example.

SCALESCALE






Medicon valleyMedicon valley

Example of Öresund Example of Öresund region’s strategy to region’s strategy to

establish an innovative establish an innovative milieu milieu

SCALESCALE






Growth corridorGrowth corridor

Regional entrepreneurial, innovation Regional entrepreneurial, innovation generating area based around a generating area based around a

particular traffic axis. For instance ITC particular traffic axis. For instance ITC agglomeration around Route 128 in agglomeration around Route 128 in

Massachuset, near Boston. Massachuset, near Boston.

Region -Region -metropolitametropolita

n arean area

SCALESCALE






Thematic corridorThematic corridor

Thematic corridorThematic corridor (Helsinki Master Plan (Helsinki Master Plan 1992), 1992), Opportunity areaOpportunity area (London Plan (London Plan

2004)2004)

Planning concepts that aim to support Planning concepts that aim to support certain emerging zones and direct certain emerging zones and direct

attention and perhaps also financial attention and perhaps also financial support towards them. E.g. the Art and support towards them. E.g. the Art and

Science axis in Helsinki Science axis in Helsinki

Region - Region - metropolitametropolita

n arean area

SCALESCALE






Creative cityCreative city

Creative cityCreative city

A concept of cultural planning that refers to A concept of cultural planning that refers to a possibility to create a ”positive a possibility to create a ”positive

(upward) spiral” in a post-industrial city (upward) spiral” in a post-industrial city by using the ”cultural resources” broadly by using the ”cultural resources” broadly and creatively (Bianchini). E.g. the City of and creatively (Bianchini). E.g. the City of

Culture -projects. Culture -projects.

CityCity

SCALESCALE






CampusCampus

CampusCampus

A concentration of university functions (and A concentration of university functions (and enterprises working broadly in the same enterprises working broadly in the same

field) outside of the core city. field) outside of the core city.

District - District - neighbourhooneighbourhoo

dd

SCALESCALE






Science parkScience park

Science park Science park

A concentration of high-tech companies A concentration of high-tech companies with common support services. Usually a with common support services. Usually a

planned one. These tend to locate in planned one. These tend to locate in green field areas (but not necessarily). green field areas (but not necessarily).


dd

SCALESCALE






Thematic districtThematic district

Thematic districtThematic district

A city district or neighbourhood developed A city district or neighbourhood developed under a common theme or with reference under a common theme or with reference

to certain actors, usually referring to to certain actors, usually referring to urban regeneration. For instance Temple urban regeneration. For instance Temple Bar in Dublin, Design District in Helsinki, Bar in Dublin, Design District in Helsinki,

or SoFo in Stockholm.or SoFo in Stockholm.


dd

SCALESCALE






Living labLiving lab

Living labLiving lab

A city district or otherwise geographically A city district or otherwise geographically framed area, in which the inhabitants or framed area, in which the inhabitants or

enterprises are used as a service enterprises are used as a service developers in (commercial) R&D developers in (commercial) R&D

processes. For instance processes. For instance Arabianranta in Arabianranta in Helsinki. Helsinki.


dd

SCALESCALE






Cultural clusterCultural cluster

Cultural clusterCultural cluster

Any concentration of cultural activity, Any concentration of cultural activity, though usually geographically a rather though usually geographically a rather small one with clear and perceivable small one with clear and perceivable bounders. For instance bounders. For instance Tilburg Pop Tilburg Pop

Cluster, Helsinki’s Cable Factory, or Meat Cluster, Helsinki’s Cable Factory, or Meat City in Copenhagen.City in Copenhagen.

SCALESCALE






Urban fallowfieldUrban fallowfield

Urban fallowfieldUrban fallowfield

Term used in real estate development. Term used in real estate development. Refers to leaving a property or larger Refers to leaving a property or larger

area ”as it is”. Cheap rent and area ”as it is”. Cheap rent and attractively robust milieu provide attractively robust milieu provide

possibilities for new and temporary possibilities for new and temporary actors possibilities that otherwise would actors possibilities that otherwise would

not exist. Usually a temporal phase in the not exist. Usually a temporal phase in the development cycle. For instance Northern development cycle. For instance Northern

Quarter in Manchester.Quarter in Manchester.

SCALESCALE






Flagship projectFlagship project

Flagship projectFlagship project

A singular building, for instance a major A singular building, for instance a major cultural institution, which is aimed to cultural institution, which is aimed to show the way of development (as a show the way of development (as a

locomotive) and bring a spill-over effect locomotive) and bring a spill-over effect in the neighbourhood undergoing urban in the neighbourhood undergoing urban

regeneration. regeneration.

E.g. the new city library in Marseille, or the E.g. the new city library in Marseille, or the construction of national library and new construction of national library and new concert hall on the left bank of Daugava concert hall on the left bank of Daugava

river in Rigariver in Riga

The role of planning

• Inevitably these are also spatial land-use issues, but the role of urban planning is rather to recognize, facilitate and enable them to take place than to initiate the social processes behind the phenomena

• The three major tasks of urban planners thus are To facilitate the spatial prerequisites of most important actors (e.g. universities,

research institutes, start-up companies etc.) through good traffic connections, accessibility in all forms etc.

To establish, allow or enable suitable cheap spaces for starting companies in creative industries (music, graphic design etc.). The formation of such spaces is often connected to urban regeneration; changing uses of former industrial areas or equivalent. To maintain the low rent is a typical problem, since clusters of creative industries tend to attract also developers, which causes price pressure. Refined policies of “actively letting it be (at least partly)” are needed.

In both cases above, and more generally, to put a new emphasis on creating culturally attractive, socially central environments with inviting public spaces. A perceived “attractive urban environment” is a major feature pulling-in the demanded activity above.

Completing the survey

• Next steps in the survey Analysis of the remaining cases (November) Writing the report, including recommendations and project ideas (November-

early December)

• Sources for the recommendations and project ideas Best practices Project ideas based on thematic actor networks New ideas emerging from ”missing elements” of the analysed cases when

these are compared to the literature

net effect ltd survey on planning and design of innovation infrastructure and creative environments...

Documents

process of innovation

innovation policy

innovationan innovation

creative process

spatial development

development process

development plans

urban planning