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Page 1: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Nervous System

Page 2: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Some Interesting Facts

• 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain.

• 3,000 years one cell/second • 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns wide

85,000,000,000 neurons = 850 km

• If you use a basketball (diameter = ~24 cm) as the cell body, then your axon would have to be 240,000 cm (2.4 kilometers)

in length!

Page 3: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

► A baby's brain is a mystery.

► The mystery begins in the womb -- only four weeks into gestation the first brain cells, the neurons, are already forming at an astonishing rate: 250,000 every minute.

► Billions of neurons will form links with billions of other neurons and eventually there will be trillions and trillions of connections between cells.

► Every cell is precisely in its place, every link between neurons carefully organized. Nothing is random, nothing by chance.

Page 4: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

CNS Development

Page 5: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Functions of the Nervous System1. Sensory input

· changes = stimuli

2. Integration· processing

3. Motor output· response to stimuli

(The response activates muscles or glands)

Page 6: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Neuron

Slide 7.10

· Extensions outside the cell body· Dendrites –

toward the cell body

· Axons –away from the cell body

Figure 7.4a

Page 7: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Neurons

Page 8: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Figure 12.2b

Glial Cells

Page 9: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns
Page 10: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Slide 7.2

· Central nervous system (CNS)· Brain

· Spinal cord

· Peripheral nervous system (PNS)· Nerve outside the brain and spinal cord

Page 11: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns
Page 12: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Central nervous system (CNS)– Brain– Spinal cord

CNS is protected by• Bone • Meninges• CSF

Page 13: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Bone

Page 14: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Meninges

Page 15: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

CSF

Page 16: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Spinal cord

Page 17: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns
Page 18: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

CSF ?

LP?

Page 19: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns
Page 20: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns
Page 21: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns
Page 22: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Structure of spinal cord

• Roots dorsal, ventral

• Hornsanterior, posterior, lateral

• Columnsanterior, posterior, lateral

Page 23: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Dorsal

Ventral

WhiteMatter

GrayMatter

CentralCanal

Spinal Cord

Page 24: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Gray Matter

Dorsal

Lateral

Ventral

Horns

Page 25: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

vv

Page 26: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

• Root dorsal, ventral

• Nerve

• Ramus/Brunchanterior, posterior

Page 27: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Dorsal

Ventral

WhiteMatter

Spinal Cord White Matter

Page 28: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Ascending (Sensory)

Figure 16.1

touch & conscious proprioception

pain & temperature

unconscious proprioception

Page 29: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

Descending (motor)

Muscle movement

Muscle balance

Page 30: Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns

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