nervous system peripheral nervous system autonomicsympathaticparasympatheticsomatic nervessensory...
TRANSCRIPT
Nerves that carry information between
organs and CNS
Brain and spinal cord
involuntary voluntary
Fight or flight Rest and digest Info from environment sent
to CNS
Info sent from CNS to effector
cells
Central Nervous SystemBrain
coordinating centre of the nervous system
Spinal cord Carries sensory nerve
messages from receptors to the brain
Relays motor nerve messages from the brain to muscles, organs and glands
(Motor Neuron)
(Sensory Neuron)
Blood-Brain BarrierMeninges Protective membranes
that surround the brain and spinal cord
Determines which chemicals may enter the brain
Provides shock absorption
Blood Brain Barriernutrients are not
brought to brain by the blood.
nutrients transported by the cerebrospinal fluid Between the pia
and arachnoid mater
Middle of the spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid
Meningitis inflammation of the
meninges viruses bacteria
antibodies do not reach the brain
requires prompt medical treatment
Forebrain olfactory lobes – receive
information about smell cerebrum – coordination of senses
and voluntary motor actions largest and most highly
developed in humans further split into four lobes
cerebral cortex – cerebrum surface Grey matter Has many folds that increase
surface area
Frontal Lobe
controls voluntary muscle movement responsible for reasoning modulates emotions based on socially acceptable
norms Phineas Gage story – pg. 432
Temporal Lobe
processes vision and hearing
amygdala – processes memory and emotions
hippocampus – long-term memory
Parietal Lobe processes touch and temperature
visuospatial analysis examines numbers and processes ratios
Visuospatial Tests
Visuospatial TestsThe geometric figure below can be divided with one
straight line into two parts that will fit together to make a perfect square. The dividing line must connect which 2 points?
Visuospatial TestsThe design on the left is made up of three paper squares of
different sizes, one on top of the other. Assuming the squares are opaque and cannot be folded or otherwise altered, what is the minimum number of squares needed to create the design on the right?
Visuospatial Tests
Fold the top image into a 3-D cube.
Which of the bottom images represents the correctly folded object?
Occipital Lobe
responsible for primary visual information processing coordinates information gathered from the retina
Midbrain
thalamus – relays information between various parts of cerebrum (brain surface)
hypothalamus – homeostatic regulation
pituitary – homeostatic regulation
Hind Brain cerebellum – regulates limb movement, balance
and muscle tone finer muscle movements involve signals along more
nerves
medulla oblongata – controls involuntary muscles e.g. Breathing, diameter of blood vessels and heart rate
pons – bridges information between cerebellum and medulla oblongata
Brain HemispheresRight vs. Left Brain
Information stored in one side of the brain is not necessarily present in the other
right brain visual patterns & spatial awareness
left brain verbal skills & logic
corpus callosum – nerve bundle allows communication between hemispheres
Peripheral Nervous SystemSomatic nerves
Carries signals to skeletal musclesVoluntary –conscious control
Autonomic nervesRegulates the internal environmentInvoluntary – without conscious controlE.g. heart rate, blood pressure, etc.Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Autonomic Nervous System sympathetic nervous
system – prepares body for stress
affected by epinephrine / norepinephrine
parasympathetic nervous system – restores body to normal balance
affected by acetylcholine