NEM 204 - PHYSICAL METHODS:

HOT WATER & CHEMICAL DIPS

STEAM STERILIZATIONROOT PRUNING(SOIL SOLARIZATION)

125F - 10 MINUTES

125F - 20 MINUTES

HOT WATER TREATMENT:TEMPERATURE & TIME NEEDED DEPEND ON

NEMATODE SPECIESCROP VARIETY OR CULTIVAR

ACCURATE TIME AND TEMPERATURE CONTROLS ARE NEEDED

TOO HIGH OF A TEMPERATURE OR TOO LONG OF AN EXPOSURE PERIOD CAN

DAMAGE PLANT MATERIALTOO SHORT A TIME PERIOD OR TOO LOW A

TEMPERATURE MAY NOT KILL NEMATODESMAY AGGRAVATE FUNGAL PROBLEMS

qiufoliar

16141210864200

20

40

60

80

100

44.4 C46.1 C47.7 C49.4 C

Exposure period (minutes)

Mortality (%)

Aphelenchoides fragariae

qiuditylenchus

24021018015012090603000

20

40

60

80

100

42C44C46C48C

Mortality (%)

Exposure period (minutes)

Ditylenchus dipsaci

MO

RT

AL

ITY

(%

)

COMPARISON OF TIME AND TEMPERATURE

NEEDED TO KILL STEM AND BULB NEMATODE

AND FOLIAR NEMATODE

42C = 107.6F44C = 111.2F44.4C = 112F46C = 114.8F46.1C = 115F47.7C = 118F48C = 118.4F49.4C = 121F

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SURVIVAL OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS AND CIRCUMFERANCE OF EASTER LILY BULBS

y = 3E+10e-0.1755x

R2 = 0.9719

y = 1E+10e-0.1619x

R2 = 0.9691

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130TEMPERATURE (F)

TIME (MINUTES)

NEMATODE MORTALITY

BULB CIRCUMFERANCE

Expon. (NEMATODEMORTALITY)Expon. (BULBCIRCUMFERANCE)

QuickTime™ and a

Photo CD Decompressor

are needed to use this picture

GRAPE ROOTSTOCK HOT WATER TREATMENT:

QuickTime™ and a

Photo CD Decompressor

are needed to use this picture

STRAWBERRY PLANT HOT WATER TREATMENT:

QuickTime™ and a

Photo CD Decompressor

are needed to use this picture

STRAWBERRY PLANT HOT WATER TREATMENT:

MONITORING HOT WATER TREATMENTS:

QuickTime™ and a

Photo CD Decompressor

are needed to use this picture

STEAM STERILIZATION

QuickTime™ and a

Photo CD Decompressor

are needed to use this picture

STEAM STERILIZATION

QuickTime™ and a

Photo CD Decompressor

are needed to use this picture

ROOT PRUNING

QuickTime™ and a

Photo CD Decompressor

are needed to use this picture

(SOIL SOLARIZATION)