neck region pa 481. anterior surface triangles at surface
TRANSCRIPT
Neck Region
PA 481
Anterior Surface
Triangles at Surface
Hyoid
1. C3 level2. Suprahyoid muscles3. Infrahyoid muscles
Vertebral Column
Intervertebral disc
VertebraParts
C1 & C2
Cervical Vertebra
Typical Cervical Vertebra
Spinal Cord
• Receives and generates signals to body through the spinal nerves
Cord in Spinal Canal
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Denticulate Ligament
Posterior Median Sulcus
Posterior Root
Anterior Root
Spinal Nerve
Spinal Cord (X.S.)
Spinal Cord (x.s.)
Spinal Nerve Anatomy
Functional Arrangement of SC
Ascending and descending pathways
Ascending Pathways
Descending Pathways
Cervical Plexus
Serves neck and diaphragm
Brachial Plexus and pectoral nerves
Brachial Plexus
Innervates most of the arm and someof the body wall.
Spinal Cord Segments
• 4 segments: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (only 1 coccygeal nerve)
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Cervical Segment
Neck Fascia
Prevertebral fascia
Alar fascia
Pretracheal fasciaInvesting fascia
Superficial fascia
Platysma
SCM
Trapezius
SCM and Trapezius
Cervical Triangles
Posterior Triangle Anterior Triangle
Posterior Triangle
Supraclavicular triangle
Occipital triangle
Superficial and Deep Posterior Triangle
Platysma
Nerve Point of Neck
Ext. jugular v.
SCM
Accessory n.
Prevertebral fascia
Brachial plexus
Scalenes
Phrenic n.
Splenius
Levator scapulae
Supraclavicular Triangle
Brachial Plexus
Subclavian vessels
SCM
Anterior Triangles
SubmentalCarotid
Submandibular
Muscular
Muscular Triangle
Muscles of Triangle
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Thyroid
Thyroid Location
Accessory Thyroid gland
Accessory thyroid along thyroglossal duct
Pyramidal lobe(50% of people have this lobe structure)
Thyroid Follicle
(follicular cells thyroxine)
Parafollicular cells calcitonin
T3 & T4 Formation and Secretion
T3 & T4
Control of Thyroxine Secretion
Short loop
Long loop
Thyroid Malfunction
• Hypothyroidism• Endemic goiters –due to iodine
deffeicency
• Cretinism – thyroxine in child results in growth (dwarf) and severe mental retardation
• Myxedema – thyroxine in adult, leads to swelling of tissues plus other symptoms
Cretinism
Thyroid Malfunction• Hyperthyroidism
• Toxic goiters (Graves disease) –Ab may stimulate thyroid without negative feedback control
• Exophthalmos –symptom present in many hyperthyroid patients
Parathyroid Location
Parathyroid
PTH Actions• Stimulates resorption of
bone Ca+ and PO4- in
blood
• Stimulates Ca+ absorption in intestine (active Vit. D3 necessary for Ca+ absorption)
• Stimulates Ca+ reabsorption and PO4
- excretion in kidney
• Stimulates Vit. D3 formation (skin) and activation (kidney)
• Vital for life
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Arytenoid cartilage
Laryngeal Cartilages
Hyoid
(posterior)
(anterior)
Voice Box
Vocal fold
Vestibular fold
Ventricle
CN X: supply to laryngeal muscles
Recurrent Laryngeal n.(motor to all other laryngeal muscles)
External Laryngeal n.(motor to inf. Pharnygeal constrictor and the cricohyoid)
Internal Laryngeal n.(sensory & autonomic)
Inf. Vagal ganglion
Submental Triangle
Digastric
Mylohyoid
-contains submental lymph nodes
Carotid Triangle
Digastric (posterior belly)
SCM
Ansa cervicalis
Common carotid a.
Internal carotid a.
External carotid a.
IJV
Omohyoid
Ext. Carotid Branches
Common CarotidIJV
Int. carotid
Ext. carotid
Sup. Thyroid
FacialLingual
Occipital Post. Auricular
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal
Asc. Pharyngeal (not show)Ansa cervicalis
Hypoglossal n.
External carotid (isolated)
Occipital
Post. Auricular
Superficial Temporal
Maxillary
Sup. Thyroid
Facial
Lingual
Asc. Pharyngeal
Note: Internal carotid has NO neck branches.
Carotid bodies
IJVSup. Bulb of IJV
Inf. Bulb of IJV
IJV
FacialSup. Thyroid
Lymph nodes of neck
Deep Cervical Lymph nodes(most located in carotid sheath)
Submandibular TriangleSubmandibular glands
Digastrics
Submandibular Lymph nodes
PharynxFunction: deglutitionMucosa: Str. SquamousMuscularis: Skeletal
Oro- and nasopharynxPharyngeal tonsil
Pharyngeal recess
Palatine bone
Soft palate
Uvula
Lingual Tonsil
Tubal tonsils (small holes)Pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube
Salpingopharyngeal fold
Tonsillar cleftPalatoglossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch
Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
Palatopharyngeus
Tonsils
PharyngealTonsil
Pharyngeal Constrictors
Superior
Middle
Inferior
Peristalsis
Deglutition (Swallowing)
Fluid Drinking
Deglutition (cont’d)
Deglutition (cont’d)
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis
Piriform recess