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WEEK 2 – ELEMENT 2

Manual and Mechanical Handling

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Manual HandlingMoving or supporting a load by hand or bodily force

External InjuriesCuts, bruises, crush injuries, lacerations

Internal InjuriesTears, hernias, slipped discs

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Over 3 day Injuries Reported

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Sites of Injury: Handling Accidents

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Types of Injury: Handling Accidents

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The Spine

Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumber (5)

Protection of the spinal columnProvide point of attachment for ligaments, Tendons, MusclesSupports the skeletal framework

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VertebraVertebra

Intervertebral Intervertebral DiscDisc

Nucleus Nucleus PulposusPulposus

Annulus Annulus FibrosisFibrosis

Act as a hydraulic shock absorberStrong connecting link between vertebraeAllow movement between each vertebra

The Intervertebral Disc

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Guideline FilterThere is no such thing as a completely ‘safe’ manual handling operation. But working within the following guidelines will cut the risk and reduce the need for a more detailed assessment.

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Twisting through from front

Guideline filters reduced by

Twisting 45o 10%

90o 20%

Filters Twisting

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Pushing / Pulling Motion Men Women

Starting a load 20 kg 15 kg

Keeping the load in motion (no more than 20m)

10 kg 7 kg

Filters Pushing and Pulling

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Manual Handling Risk Assessment

Load

Individual

Task

EnvironmentRemember: LITE

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The Load

Physical weight (Heavy) Size (Bulky) Shape (Difficult to grasp) Rigidity (Contents liable to shift) Outside surfaces (Sharp) Stability of contents (Unstable) Other hazards - hot/cold/sharp etc

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The Individual

1) Sex2) Physical strength3) Stature (Physique; Height, etc)4) State of health 5) Level of training6) Hazards to pregnant women 7) Person’s perception of their ability

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The Task

Holding loads away from trunk Twisting/stooping/reaching Large vertical movements Distances involved Strenuous pulling and pushing of load Repetitive handling Unpredictable movement of load Insufficient rest or recovery period A work rate imposed by the process

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The Environment

Lighting (poor) Ventilation (strong air) Obstacles Height of work surfaces Temperature (Hot/Cold) Floor conditions Space available

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Practical Measures to AvoidManual Handling Injuries

a) Avoid Manual Handlingb) Risk Reductionc) Automation & mechanisation d) Team handlinge) Trainingf) Smaller, lighter loadg) Selection (individual and mechanical aid)h) Good Environment (spacing ; flooring; temp;

light)

If load is too heavy get HELP!!!

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Task: 1kg and 2kg packs containing glass jars of finished product were manually lifted from a conveyor belt and placed on a pallet

Scissor lift and turntable

Practical Measures (1)

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Task: Pallets of finished product were shrink-wrapped manually using shrink-film and a shrink-film holder. Usually, one operator would shrink-wrap 30/40 pallets per day.

Automatic shrink-wrapping machine

Practical Measures (2)

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Paving slab lifter

Manhole lifter

Suction pads

Panel lifter

Manual Handling Aids (1)

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Hydraulic sack truck

Conventional sack trucks

Stair climber sack trucks

Manual Handling Aids (2) Trucks

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Platform truckPallet truck

Manual Handling Aids (3) Trucks

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Manual Handling Aids (4)

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Hoists Hoist and RollPanel Lifter

Manual Handling Aids (5)

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Drum trolley Drum grip

Manual Handling Aids (6)

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Hoddi

Ladder hoist

Manual Handling Aids (7)

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Floor crane Mobile gantry

Manual Handling Aids (8)

Lifting Devices

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Roller table Shifting skates

Manual Handling Aids (9)

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Manual Handling Aids (10)

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Correct Handling Technique

1) Appropriate clothing2) Assess Load3) Position of feet4) Grip the load5) Lift load

6) Able to see where load is to be moved to7) Avoid twisting body8) Set down load

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Lifting Equipment/Accessories (Tackle)

Shackles

Four leg sling

Two leg sling

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Types of Crane

Overhead

Tower

Mobile

Gantry

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Overhead Travelling Cranes

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Gantry Crane

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Tower Cranes

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Tower Crane (2)

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Mobile Cranes

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Mobile Cranes Crane Suitability Ground Conditions Outriggers Obstructions Overhead Power Lines Protected Area Suitable lifting tackle Correct Slinging Competence of personnel Load near ground if

travelling Good Visibility and

Communications Monitoring wind speed

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Cranes – Main Hazards

Overturning Overloading Collision Failure of Support Loss of Load Failure of load bearing part High winds

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Crane Accidents (1) (Gantry)

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Crane Accidents (2) (Tower)

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A driver who deliberately overloaded his crane by 20% escaped unhurt when it overturned - he leapt clear from the cab, but the damage to the crane was estimated at $120,000.

Crane Accident (3) (Mobile)

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Crane Accidents (4) (Mobile)

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Crane Accidents (5) (Mobile)

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Safety Measures using Cranes Pre-use check Adequate strength Safe working load Load indicators Rated capacity indicator Rated capacity limiter Load lifting device Controls Over travel switches Safe Access Operating position No passengers Lifting attachments

tested/examined

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Employee Safety During Lifting Not exceeding safe working load

Trained Personnel (crane operators etc.)

Good communication

Properly maintained equipment

Equipment has undergone statutory inspection

Correct and free from defects lifting accessories

Ensuring load is secure

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Employee Safety During Lifting Warning of lift taking place Path free from obstacles Avoid overhead power lines All personnel clear of load Lift load vertically Lift load to correct height Move at appropriate speed Put down in safe position and

release tension Safety Helmets Adequate supervision

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Beams

Pulley blocks

Chain slings

Rope slings

Textile slings

Hooks

Rings

Shackles

Eyebolts

Lifting Accessories (Lifting Tackle)

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Lifting Accessories (Tackle) HazardsOverloadingUsing makeshift attachmentsIncorrect slinging arrangementsDamaged attachments :

• Textile slings – damaged, cut, abraded or stretched

• Chains – deformed, cracked or stretched links

• Broken wires or kinks No examination or pre-use

inspectionDamage to accessories during use Lack of training

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a) All accessories properly certificated/tested

b) Properly inspected by a competent person

c) Safe working load clearly marked

d) Inspection prior to use

e) No repair to accessories on site

f) Not to be used for unintended purpose

g) Packing between accessory and load

h) Properly stored after use

i) Training for staff in safe use

Precautions when using accessories

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a) Lifting Equipment Sufficient strength, tested Thorough examination Inspected at regular intervals Suitably markedb) Lifting Operations Planned and supervised Correctly positioned Loads not carried over persons Good visibility and communication

Safety in Lifting Operations

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Chain hoist Patient hoistGoods hoist

Hoists

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Regular maintenance Training and refresher training for all operators Carry out hoist operation from one position Driver must have good visibility of landings Clear signals/audible warning be given prior to

lifting operation Goods properly secured, no loose items of

material in goods lift Gates correctly and properly secured before

lifting

Control measures on use of Hoist

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a) Controls only operated from one position b) Clear visibility of landingsc) Clear signalsd) Secure objects being carried on goods

hoistse) Items not overfilledf) Do not carry loose itemsg) No passengers on goods liftsh) Safe working loads clearly markedi) Hoist properly examined and testedj) Suitable fencing and gates at all levelsk) Training staff in use of hoists

Precautions when using hoists

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Belt Screw Roller

Conveyors

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Trapping Contact Entanglement Striking Impact Items falling off Slips Manual handling Noise

Hazards of Conveyors

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Fixed/interlocked guards Side guards Trip wires emergency stop buttons Safe access Avoiding loose clothing, etc Restricted access Head protection Regular maintenance

Hazard Control Measures

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