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1

O:nfd lj/f]wL e|d lgjf/0f

!= ax'ljjfx

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM d';ndfgx¿nfO{ PseGbf j9L kTgL /fVg] cg'dlt lsg 5 < jfO:nfd PseGbf a9L kTgL /fVg] cg'dlt lsg lbG5 <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M ax'–ljjfx o:tf] Joj:yf xf] h; cg';f/ Ps JolQmsf] PseGbfa9L kTgL jf klt x'G5 . ax'–ljjfx b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ –

!= Ps k'?ifn] PseGbf a9L kTgL /fVg'

@= Ps :qLn] PseGbf a9L klt /fVg'

O:nfddf Ps k'?ifnfO{ Pp6f l;df;Dd PseGbf a9L kTgL /fVgkfpg] Ohfht 5 t/ :qLsf nflu eg] PseGbf a9L klt /fVg] cg'dlt 5}g .

cfcf}+, o; k|Zgdfly ljrf/ u/f}+ ls O:nfddf Ps k'?ifnfO{ PseGbfclws kTgL /fVg] cg'dlt lsg k|bfg ul/of] .

!= kljq s'/cfg g} ;+;f/sf wfld{s k':tsx¿dWo] Ps dfq k':tsxf] h;n] eGb5 æ======== Pp6L :qL;Fu dfq ljjfx u/ .Æ

;+;f/df s'/cfg g} Ps dfq o:tf] wfld{s k':ts xf] h;df of] s'/felgPsf] 5 æ======== Pp6f;Fu dfq ljjfx u/Æ

cGo s'g} o:tf] wd{u|Gy 5}g h;n] Ps dfq :qL;Fu ljjfxsf] pkb]zlbG5 . s'g} klg wfld{s u|Gydf xfdL kTgLx¿sf] ;+Vofdf s'g} l;df+sg u/]sf]kfpFb}gf} rfx] Tof] j]b, /fdfo0f, dxfef/t, uLtf x'g\ of tnd"b jf afOan .oL k':tsx¿sf cg';f/ emg\ Ps JolQmn] cfˆgf]] OR5f cg';f/ hlt dgnfU5 Toltj6L kTgL /fVg ;Sb5 . kl5 cfP/ lxGb"sf ;fw'x¿ / O{;fOsfkfb/Lx¿n] kTgLsf] ;+VofnfO{ ;Lldt u/]/ Pp6f dfq ul/lbP .

w]/} lxGb" wfld{s JolQmx¿;Fu pgLx¿s} wfld{s k':tsx¿n] j0f{gu/] cg';f/ w]/} kTgLx¿ ePsf] xfdL kfpF5f}+ . /fdsf lktf /fhf bz/ysfPseGbf j9L /fgLx¿ lyP . o:t}k|sf/n] s[i0fsf klg w]/} kTgLx¿ lyP .k|frLgsfndf O{;fOx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf OR5f cg';f/ kTgLx¿ /fVg kfpg]cg'dlt lyof] lsgls afOan kTgLx¿sf] ;+Vofdf s'g} l;df tf]Sb}g . s]xL

2


ztfAbLcl3 dfq luhf{3/ -O{;fOx¿sf] k|fy{gf 3/_ n] kTgLx¿sf] ;+Vofsf]l;df sd u/]/ Ps dfq ul/lbof] . ox"bL wd{df klg ax'–ljjfxsf] Ohfht5 . tnd"b -ox"bLx¿sf] wd{u|Gy_ sfg"g cg';f/ Oa|fxLdsf tLgj6L kTgLlyP / ;'n}dfgsf ;of}+ kTgLx¿ lyP . ax'–ljjfxsf] rng rln/Xof] / To;;dodf cfP/ aGb eof] ha l/AaL uzf{]d lag\ ox"bf -;g\ (^)–!)#)_ n] o;lj?4 x's'd hf/L u/] . d';ndfg b]zx¿df /xg] ox"bLx¿sf k't{ufn ;d'bfodfof] rng ;g\ !(%) ;Dd k|rlnt /Xof] / cGttM O;/fOnsf] rLkm l/AaLn]PseGbf a9L kTgL /fVg k|ltaGw nufOlbP .

@= d';ndfgx¿sf] t'ngfdf lxGb"x¿ a9L kTgL /fVb5g\ .

;g\ !(&% df k|sflzt æO:nfddf gf/Lsf] :yfg sld6LÆ sf] k|ltj]bgsf]k[i7 ;+Vof ^^ / ^& df elgPsf] 5 ls ;g\ !(%! / !(^! sf] aLrdflxGb"x¿df ax'–ljjfx %=)^Ü lyof] hals d';ndfgx¿df of] $=#!Ü dfqlyof] . ef/tLo sfg"gdf d';ndfgx¿nfO{ dfq PseGbf a9L kTgL /fVgkfpg] cg'dlt 5 / u}/–d'l:ndsf nflu PseGbf a9L kTgL /fVg' ef/tdfu}/–sfg"gL 5 . o:tf] x'Fbf x'Fb} klg lxGb"x¿;Fu d';ndfgx¿sf] t'ngfdf w]/}kTgLx¿ x'G5g\ . ljutdf lxGb"x¿dfly klg o;sf] s'g} k|ltaGw lyPg . s}of}+kTgLx¿ /fVg] cg'dlt pgLx¿nfO{ klg lyof] . ha ;g\ !(%$ df lxGb"ljjfx sfg"g nfu" ul/of] h; cg';f/ lxGb"x¿nfO{ ax'–ljjfxsf] cg'dltePg / o;nfO{ u}/–sfg"gL ul/of] . of] lxGb" wd{u|Gy geP/ ef/tLo sfg"g xf]h;n] lxGb"x¿nfO{ PseGbf j9L kTgL /fVg k|ltaGw nufpF5 .

#= kljq s'/cfgn] ;Lldt ax'ljjfxsf] cg'dlt lbG5

klxn] g} aofg ul/;lsPsf] 5 ls kljq s'/cfg dfq o:tf] wfld{sk':ts xf] h;n] lgb{]z ub{5 – æs]jn Pp6L dlxnf;Fu ljjfx u/ .Æ s'/cfgdfcfPsf] 5,

æolb ltdLx¿nfO{ cgfyk|lt Gofo ug{ g;lsPnf ls eGg] 8/æolb ltdLx¿nfO{ cgfyk|lt Gofo ug{ g;lsPnf ls eGg] 8/æolb ltdLx¿nfO{ cgfyk|lt Gofo ug{ g;lsPnf ls eGg] 8/æolb ltdLx¿nfO{ cgfyk|lt Gofo ug{ g;lsPnf ls eGg] 8/æolb ltdLx¿nfO{ cgfyk|lt Gofo ug{ g;lsPnf ls eGg] 8/5 eg] ltdLx¿ cfk"mnfO{ dg k/]sL :qLx¿dWo] b'O{–b'O{, tLg–5 eg] ltdLx¿ cfk"mnfO{ dg k/]sL :qLx¿dWo] b'O{–b'O{, tLg–5 eg] ltdLx¿ cfk"mnfO{ dg k/]sL :qLx¿dWo] b'O{–b'O{, tLg–5 eg] ltdLx¿ cfk"mnfO{ dg k/]sL :qLx¿dWo] b'O{–b'O{, tLg–5 eg] ltdLx¿ cfk"mnfO{ dg k/]sL :qLx¿dWo] b'O{–b'O{, tLg–tLg jf rf/–rf/ hgf;Fu lax] u/ . t/, olb oL kTgLx¿aLrtLg jf rf/–rf/ hgf;Fu lax] u/ . t/, olb oL kTgLx¿aLrtLg jf rf/–rf/ hgf;Fu lax] u/ . t/, olb oL kTgLx¿aLrtLg jf rf/–rf/ hgf;Fu lax] u/ . t/, olb oL kTgLx¿aLrtLg jf rf/–rf/ hgf;Fu lax] u/ . t/, olb oL kTgLx¿aLr

3


Gofo ug{ ;Sb}gf} eGg] cfzÍf 5 eg] Pp6L;Fu dfq lax]Gofo ug{ ;Sb}gf} eGg] cfzÍf 5 eg] Pp6L;Fu dfq lax]Gofo ug{ ;Sb}gf} eGg] cfzÍf 5 eg] Pp6L;Fu dfq lax]Gofo ug{ ;Sb}gf} eGg] cfzÍf 5 eg] Pp6L;Fu dfq lax]Gofo ug{ ;Sb}gf} eGg] cfzÍf 5 eg] Pp6L;Fu dfq lax]u/======= .Æ -s'/cfg $M#_u/======= .Æ -s'/cfg $M#_u/======= .Æ -s'/cfg $M#_u/======= .Æ -s'/cfg $M#_u/======= .Æ -s'/cfg $M#_

s'/cfg cjtl/t x'g'eGbf klxn] ax'ljjfxsf] s'g} l;df lyPg . w]/}dflg;x¿n] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf kTgL /fVby] / s]xL;Fu t ;of}+ kTgLx¿ x'Gy] .O:nfdn] j9LeGbf j9L rf/ kTgLx¿sf] l;df lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf] 5 . O:nfdn]s'g} JolQmnfO{ b'O{, tLg cyjf rf/ :qL;Fu dfq ljjfx ug{ cg'dlt lbG5 hapm pgLx¿nfO{ a/fa/ Gofo ug{ ;dy{ x'G5 . s'/cfgsf] oxL cWofo cyf{t\\;"/M lg;f cfot !@( df elgPsf] 5–

æ/, ltdLx¿n] rfx]/ klg kTgLx¿aLr Gofo ug{ ;Sb}gf} .æ/, ltdLx¿n] rfx]/ klg kTgLx¿aLr Gofo ug{ ;Sb}gf} .æ/, ltdLx¿n] rfx]/ klg kTgLx¿aLr Gofo ug{ ;Sb}gf} .æ/, ltdLx¿n] rfx]/ klg kTgLx¿aLr Gofo ug{ ;Sb}gf} .æ/, ltdLx¿n] rfx]/ klg kTgLx¿aLr Gofo ug{ ;Sb}gf} .clg, ltdLx¿ Pp6Ltkm{ o;/L ge'ms ls csL{ rflxF e'mlG8Pe}Fmclg, ltdLx¿ Pp6Ltkm{ o;/L ge'ms ls csL{ rflxF e'mlG8Pe}Fmclg, ltdLx¿ Pp6Ltkm{ o;/L ge'ms ls csL{ rflxF e'mlG8Pe}Fmclg, ltdLx¿ Pp6Ltkm{ o;/L ge'ms ls csL{ rflxF e'mlG8Pe}Fmclg, ltdLx¿ Pp6Ltkm{ o;/L ge'ms ls csL{ rflxF e'mlG8Pe}Fmx'g k'uf];\ ========== .Æ -s'/cfg $M!@(_x'g k'uf];\ ========== .Æ -s'/cfg $M!@(_x'g k'uf];\ ========== .Æ -s'/cfg $M!@(_x'g k'uf];\ ========== .Æ -s'/cfg $M!@(_x'g k'uf];\ ========== .Æ -s'/cfg $M!@(_

s'/cfgaf6 yfxf eof] ls ax'ljjfx s'g} cfb]z xf]Og a? of] Pp6fckjfb xf] . d';ndfg k'?ifn] PseGbf a9L ljjfx ug{' clgjfo{ 5 eGg] e|dw]/} dflg;x¿df 5 . ;fdfGotof O:nfdn] s'g} sfd ug{] jf gug{] eGg]b[li6n] sfdnfO{ kfFr efudf ljeflht ul/Psf] 5M–

s_ kmh{ cyf{t\ clgjfo{

v_ d':txa cyf{t\ /f]hfOdf e/kg{]

u_ d'afx cyf{t\ h;sf] cg'dlt 5

3_ ds¿x cyf{t\ 3[l0ft jf dg gk/fOPsf]

ª_ x/fd cyf{t\ lgif]lwt

ax'ljjfx …d'afxÚ cGtu{t kb{5 h;sf] cy{ Ohfht jf cg'dlt 5eGg] x'G5 g ls cfb]z . Ps d';ndfg h;sf b'O{, tLg jf rf/ kTgLx¿ 5g\,pm d';ndfgeGbf /fd|f] xf] h;sf] Ps dfq kTgL 5 eGg' ;/f;/ unt xf] .

$= dlxnfx¿sf] cf};t cfo' k'?ifx¿sf]eGbf w]/} x'G5

k|fs[lts ¿kdf dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf] hGd nueu Pp6} cg'kftdfx'G5 . afnsx¿sf] t'ngfdf aflnsfx¿df /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtf w]/} x'G5 .

4


lzz'x¿sf] pkrf/sf] qmddf s]6fx¿sf] d[To' w]/} x'G5 . o'4sf] qmddfdlxnfx¿sf] t'ngfdf k'?ifx¿ w]/} d5{g\ . b'3{6gf / /f]ux¿af6 klg oxLtYo b]vfkb{5 . dlxnfx¿sf] cf};t cfo' k'?ifeGbf a9L x'G5 . o;sf/0fljZjdf ljw'/x¿sf] eGbf lawjfx¿sf] ;+Vof a9L b]V5f}+ .

%= ue{kft / e|"0fxTofsf] sf/0f dlxnfeGbf k'?ifsf] cfjfbL a9L

ef/tdf dlxnfeGbf k'?ifsf] hg;+Vof a9L 5 . o;sf] jf:tljs sf/0faflnsf e"|0f xTof g} xf] . ef/tdf dfq} k|ltjif{ b; nfveGbf a9L ue{kft /aflnsf e|"0f xTof ul/G5 . olb o; 3[l0ft sfo{nfO{ /f]Sg] xf] eg] lgZro g}:qLsf] ;+Vof k'?ifeGbf a9L x'g]5 .

^= ;f/f ljZjdf :qLsf] ;+Vof k'?ifsf] eGbf a9L 5 .

cd]l/sfdf :qLsf] ;+Vof k'?ifeGbf c7xQ/ nfv a9L 5 . Go"of]s{dfdfq :qLsf] ;+Vof k'?ifeGbf b; nfv a9L ePsf] 5 / hxfF Ps ltxfO{ k'?ifsf];+Vof ;f]8f]dLh -k'?ifd}y'g_ 5g\ / k"/} cd]l/sfdf o:tf k'?ifsf] ;+Vof b'O{s/f]8 krf; nfv /x]sf]5 . o;af6 of] k|:6 x'G5 ls sltko nf]Ug] dflg;x¿dlxnf;Fu ljjfx ug{ rfxFb}gg\ . a]nfotdf dlxnfsf] cfjfbL k'?ifeGbf $)nfv a9L 5, To:t} hd{gLdf %) nfv / ?;df () nfv a9L 5 . o;af6 of]yfxf x'G5 ls ;f/f ljZjdf k'?ifeGbf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof g} a9L 5 .

&= k|To]s k'?ifnfO{ Ps dfq kTgL /fVg] ;Ldf Jojxfl/s 5}g .

olb k|To]s k'?ifn] Ps dfq dlxnf;Fu ljjfx u¥of] eg] klg cd]l/sfdf# s/f]8 dlxnf cljjflxt /xG5g\ . o;} u/L a]nfotdf $) nfv, hd{gLdf%) nfv / ?;df () nfveGbf a9L dlxnf ljjfx ug{] k'?if gkfP/ cljjflxt/xg k'U5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf tL cljjflxt dlxnfx¿ ;dIf ;fdfGotof b'O{j6f ljsNk x'G5g\ . klxnf] of] xf] ls pm s'g} o:tf] k'?if;Fu ljjfx u/f];\h;sf] klxn]b]lv g} kTgL l5g\ . olb pgL o;f] ulb{gg\ eg] pgL unt af6f]dfnfUg ;Sg] k"/} ;+efjgf x'G5 . ;a} c;n dlxnfx¿n] klxnf] ljsNknfO{ g}k|fyldstf lbG5g\ .

5


klZrdL ;dfhdf ;fdfGotof k'?ifn] kTgL Ps dfq /fVg] eP tfklgw]/} dlxnfx¿;Fu of}g ;DaGw /fVg] rng 5 . h;n] ubf{ dlxnf Pp6fc;'/lIft / ckdflgt hLjg Joltt ub{5] . ToxL ;dfh s;}nfO{ PseGbfa9L kTgLx¿sf ;fy :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sb}g h;;Fu dlxnfn] ;dfhdf ;Ddfg /cfb/sf ;fy Ps ;'/lIft hLjg Joltt ug{ ;S5] . c¿ klg cg]sf}+ sf/0fx¿5g\ h;n] ubf{ O:nfdn] ;Lldt ax'ljjfxsf] cg'dlt lbG5 . t/ d"n sf/0fof] xf] ls O:nfd Ps dlxnfsf] ;Ddfg / pgsf] OHht sfod /fVg rfxG5 .

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM olb Ps k'?ifnfO{ PseGbf a9L kTgL /fVg] cg'dlt 5 eg] O:nfdn]dlxnfnfO{ PseGbf a9L klt /fVg] cg'dlt lb+b}g . o;sf] sf/0f s] xf] <

pQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/M d';ndfgx¿n] ;d]t s]xL dflg;x¿n] O:nfdn] k'?ifnfO{ s}of}+kTgL /fVg] 5'6 lbG5 t/ of] clwsf/ dlxnfnfO{ lb+b}g eGg] s'/fsf] k|Zgp7fpF5g\ . ;aeGbf klxn] d of] s'/f lgZrosf ;fy eGg rfxG5' ls O:nfdL;dfh Gofo / ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t 5 . O{Zj/n] dlxnf tyf k'?ifnfO{ ;dfg¿kdf agfPsf t 5g\ t/ km/s km/s Ifdtf / lhDd]jf/L /fv]sf 5g\ .dlxnf / k'?if zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s ¿kaf6 leGg 5g\ pgLx¿sf e"ldsf /lhDd]jf/Lx¿ klg cun–cnu 5g\ . :qL / k'?if b'a} O:nfddf ;dfg 5g\ t/Ps} (Identical) 5}gg\ .

s'/cfgsf] ;"/x lg;f cWofo $, cfot g+= @@ b]lv @$ ;Dddfdlxnfx¿sf] ;"lr lbPsf] 5 h;;Fu tkfO{++n] ljjfx ug{ ;Sg' x'Gg . ;"/xlg;f s} cWofo $, cfot g+= @$ df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 ls bfDkTodf afFlwPsLdlxnf;Fu ljjfx ug{ cj}w 5

dlxnfsf nflu PseGbf a9L klt /fVg cj}w x'g'sf sf/0f lgDglnlvt s'/fx¿af6 k|i6 x'G5M–

!= olb Ps JolQm;Fu PseGbf a9L kTgLx¿ 5g\ eg] t o:tf] ljjfxaf6hlGdPsf aRrfsf] cfdf–afa' ;lhn};Fu yfxf x'G5 t/ Ps dlxnf;FuPseGbf a9L kltx¿ 5g\ eg] aRrfsL cfdf dfq yfxf x'G5 / afa' sf]xf] eGg] yfxf x'Fb}g . O:nfdn] cfdf afa'sf] klxrfgnfO{ w]/} g} dxTjlbG5 . cfˆgf cfdf afa'dWo] klg ljz]if u/L cfˆgf]] afa' yfxf gkfpg]

6


aRrfx¿ dfgl;s cf3ft / kfunkgsf] lzsf/ x'g ] s'/fdgf]lrlsT;sx¿ atfpF5g\ . k|foM o:tf aRrfx¿sf] afNofj:yfv'zLljlxg x'G5 . o;sf/0f a]Zofx¿sf aRrfx¿sf] afNosfn :j:yx'Fb}g . olb o:tf] ljjfxaf6 hGd]sf] aRrfsf] gfd ;f]lwof] eg] p;sLcfdfn] PseGbf a9L afa'sf] gfd eGg' kg{] x'G5 .

@= k'?ifx¿df k|fs[lts ¿kdf ax'ljjfxsf] Ifdtf dlxnfsf] eGbf a9Lx'G5 .

#= hLj lj1fg cg';f/ PseGbf a9L kTgL /fVg] k'?ifn] kltsf ¿kdfcfˆgf]] st{Jo lgjf{x ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . t/ PseGbf a9L klt /fVg]dlxnfn] kTgLsf ¿kdf cfˆgf]] st{Jo lgjf{x ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g . vf;u/L dlxgfjf/Lsf] ;dodf dlxnf tLa| dfgl;s / Jojxfl/s kl/jt{gaf6u'lh|/x]sL x'g] ePsf]n] To; ;dodf pgn] kTgLTj lgjf{x ug{ ;lSbgg\ .

$= PseGbf a9L klt ePsf dlxnfsf Ps} ;dodf w]/} of}g ;fem]bf/x¿x'G5g\ . o;sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ pm of}g ;+alGw /f]ux¿af6 u|l;t x'g] a9L;+efjgf x'G5 . p;sf] klt p afx]s cGo dlxnf;+usf] j}jflxs of}g;+jGwaf6 cnu ePklg ;f] dlxnfsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ p;sf ;a} kltnfO{of}g /f]u nfUg ;S5 . of] l:ylt s}og kTgL /fVg] k'?if;Fu cfpFb}g .

dflysf oL sf/0fx¿ ;fdfGo sf/0fx¿ x'g\ . oL afx]s c¿ klg w]/}sf/0fx¿ x'g ;Sg] ePsfn] g} cl;d tTjbzL{ O{Zj/n] dlxnfx¿nfO{PseGbf a9L klt /fVg lgif]w u/]sf x'g\ .

7


@= kbf{

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM O:nfdn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ kbf{df /fv]/ pgLx¿nfO{ ckdfg lsg u5{ <

pQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/M O:nfddf dlxnfsf] h'g l:ylt 5 To;nfO{ lnP/ cfd;+rf/dfWodx¿ eofgs xdnf ug{] ub{5g\ . pgLx¿ kbf{ / O:nfdL klx/gnfO{O:nfdL sfg"gdf dlxnfx¿sf] bf;tfsf] pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf k]z ub{5g\ .kbf{sf] wfld{s lgb{]zgsf] k5fl8 /x]sf sf/0fx¿df ljrf/ ug{'eGbf klxn]xfdL O:nfdeGbf klxn]sf] ;dfhdf dlxnfx¿sf] l:yltk|lt cWoog u/f}+ .

!= ljutdf dlxnfx¿sf] ckdfg ul/GYof] / sfd–jf;gfdf dfqpgLx¿sf] k|of]u ul/GYof] .

cflbsfnsf] ;Eotfdf dlxnfsf] :yfg o; ;Ldf;Dd em/]sf] lyof] lspgLx¿nfO{ k|fylds dfgj ;Ddfg;Dd klg lbOPsf] lyPg eGg] s'/fOltxf;af6 lnOPsf lgDg pbfx/0fx¿n] k'li6 ub{5g\ .

s_ a]lanf]lgofsf] ;Eotf

o; ;Eotf cg';f/ dlxnfx¿ ckdflgt x'g] uy{] / a]lanf]lgof sfg"gdfpgLx¿nfO{ k|To]s xs / clwsf/af6 jl~rt /flvPsf] lyof] . olb Pp6fJolQmn] s'g} dlxnfsf] xTof uYof]{ eg] p;nfO{ b08 ;hfoF ug{'sf] ;§f p;sLkTgLnfO{ d[To'sf] sfvdf k'¥ofOGYof] .

v_ o"gfgsf] ;Eotf

o; ;EotfnfO{ k|frLg ;Eotfx¿df cToGt pQd ;Eotf dflgG5 .o; …cToGt pQdÚ Joj:yf cg';f/ dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf clwsf/x¿af6jl~rt /flvGYof] / pgLx¿nfO{ gLr -tNnf] :t/sf]_ j:t'sf] ¿kdf x]g{]ul/GYof] . o"gfgsf] b]jufyfdf kf+8f]/f gfdsL Pp6L sfNklgs dlxnf k"/}dfgjhfltsf] b'Mvsf] h8 dflgG5 . o"gfgsf dflg;x¿n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ k'?ifsf]t'ngfdf t'R5 hflt dfGg] uy{] . pgLx¿sf] kljqtf cd"No lyof] / pgLx¿sf];Ddfg ul/GYof] tfklg kl5 cfP/ o"gfgsf dflg;x¿ cx+sf/ / sfd–

8


jf;gfdf lnKt x'g yfn] . o'gfgL ;dfhsf] x/]s ju{df j]Zofj[lQ Pp6f cfdk|rng aGg uof] .

u_ /f]dg ;Eotf

h'g ;dodf /f]dg ;Eotf cfˆgf]] uf}/jsf] r/d ;Ldfdf lyof] To;;do Pp6f k'?ifnfO{ cfkm\gL kTgLsf] Hofg lng] clwsf/ klg lyof] . j]Zofj[lQ/ gUgtf /f]d jf;Lx¿df ;fdfGo lyof] .

3_ ld>sf] ;Eotf / O:nfdeGbf klxn]sf] c/a

ld>sf dflg;x¿n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ z}tfgsf] ¿k dfGby] . O:nfdeGbfklxn] c/adf dlxnfnfO{ gLr -tNnf] :t/sf]_ dflgGYof] / s'g} klg a]nf sxLklg s'g} aRrLsf] hGd x'Fbf ;fdfGotof p;nfO{ lhpFb} uf8\g] ul/GYof] .

@= O:nfdn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ dfly p7fof] / a/fa/Lsf] bhf{ lbof]

O:nfdn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ dfly p7fof] / nueu !$)) jif{ klxn] g}dlxnfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] clwsf/ lbof] . dlxnfx¿n] cfˆgf]] :t/ agfO /fVg]5g\eGg] ck]Iff O:nfdn] ub{5 .

k'?if / dlxnfx¿nfO{ kbf{sf] cfb]z M–

;fdfGotof dflg;x¿ kbf{sf] ;+aGw dlxnfx¿;Fu dfq 5 eGg]7fGb5g\ . jf:tjdf kljq s'/cfgdf O{Zj/n] dlxnfeGbf klxn] k'?ifx¿;Fukbf{sf] /x]sf] s'/f j0f{g ub{5g\ . s'/cfg eGb5 ls

æ-x] ;Gb]i6f Û_ df]ldg k'?ifx¿nfO{ cfˆgf b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqtæ-x] ;Gb]i6f Û_ df]ldg k'?ifx¿nfO{ cfˆgf b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqtæ-x] ;Gb]i6f Û_ df]ldg k'?ifx¿nfO{ cfˆgf b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqtæ-x] ;Gb]i6f Û_ df]ldg k'?ifx¿nfO{ cfˆgf b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqtæ-x] ;Gb]i6f Û_ df]ldg k'?ifx¿nfO{ cfˆgf b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqt/fVg tyf cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff ug{ cfb]z b]pm . of]/fVg tyf cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff ug{ cfb]z b]pm . of]/fVg tyf cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff ug{ cfb]z b]pm . of]/fVg tyf cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff ug{ cfb]z b]pm . of]/fVg tyf cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff ug{ cfb]z b]pm . of]pgLx¿sfnflu ljz'4 /Llt xf] . pgLx¿n] ug]{ u/]sf sfo{x¿l;tpgLx¿sfnflu ljz'4 /Llt xf] . pgLx¿n] ug]{ u/]sf sfo{x¿l;tpgLx¿sfnflu ljz'4 /Llt xf] . pgLx¿n] ug]{ u/]sf sfo{x¿l;tpgLx¿sfnflu ljz'4 /Llt xf] . pgLx¿n] ug]{ u/]sf sfo{x¿l;tpgLx¿sfnflu ljz'4 /Llt xf] . pgLx¿n] ug]{ u/]sf sfo{x¿l;tcNnfx kl/lrt 5g\ .cNnfx kl/lrt 5g\ .cNnfx kl/lrt 5g\ .cNnfx kl/lrt 5g\ .cNnfx kl/lrt 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg @$M#)_Æ -s'/cfg @$M#)_Æ -s'/cfg @$M#)_Æ -s'/cfg @$M#)_Æ -s'/cfg @$M#)_

olb s'g} ;do s'g} dflg;sf] cfFvf dlxnf dfly k¥of] eg] p;n]cfˆgf]] b[li6 -gh/_ tn kfl/xfNg' kb{5 / tL dlxnfnfO{ bf]xf]/f] x]g{' x'Fb}g .To:t} dlxnfsf] kbf{ ;DaGwdf s'/cfgsf] ;"/f lg;fdf elgPsf] 5,

9


æ/, df]ldg -cf:yfjfg_ :qLx¿nfO{ eg ls pgLx¿n] cfˆgfæ/, df]ldg -cf:yfjfg_ :qLx¿nfO{ eg ls pgLx¿n] cfˆgfæ/, df]ldg -cf:yfjfg_ :qLx¿nfO{ eg ls pgLx¿n] cfˆgfæ/, df]ldg -cf:yfjfg_ :qLx¿nfO{ eg ls pgLx¿n] cfˆgfæ/, df]ldg -cf:yfjfg_ :qLx¿nfO{ eg ls pgLx¿n] cfˆgfb[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqt /fv"g\, cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff u¿g\ /b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqt /fv"g\, cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff u¿g\ /b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqt /fv"g\, cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff u¿g\ /b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqt /fv"g\, cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff u¿g\ /b[li6x¿nfO{ lgolGqt /fv"g\, cfˆgf u'KtfËx¿sf] /Iff u¿g\ /cfˆgf] >[+uf/ k|bz{g gu¿g\ To;afx]s hf] :jo+ hfx]/ x'G5 .cfˆgf] >[+uf/ k|bz{g gu¿g\ To;afx]s hf] :jo+ hfx]/ x'G5 .cfˆgf] >[+uf/ k|bz{g gu¿g\ To;afx]s hf] :jo+ hfx]/ x'G5 .cfˆgf] >[+uf/ k|bz{g gu¿g\ To;afx]s hf] :jo+ hfx]/ x'G5 .cfˆgf] >[+uf/ k|bz{g gu¿g\ To;afx]s hf] :jo+ hfx]/ x'G5 ./, cfˆgf aIf:ynnfO{ cfˆgf k5\of}/fn] 9fs]/ /fv"g\ clg/, cfˆgf aIf:ynnfO{ cfˆgf k5\of}/fn] 9fs]/ /fv"g\ clg/, cfˆgf aIf:ynnfO{ cfˆgf k5\of}/fn] 9fs]/ /fv"g\ clg/, cfˆgf aIf:ynnfO{ cfˆgf k5\of}/fn] 9fs]/ /fv"g\ clg/, cfˆgf aIf:ynnfO{ cfˆgf k5\of}/fn] 9fs]/ /fv"g\ clgcfˆgf >[+uf/ hfx]/ gu¿g\ l;jfo cfˆgf klt, lktf, ;;'/f,cfˆgf >[+uf/ hfx]/ gu¿g\ l;jfo cfˆgf klt, lktf, ;;'/f,cfˆgf >[+uf/ hfx]/ gu¿g\ l;jfo cfˆgf klt, lktf, ;;'/f,cfˆgf >[+uf/ hfx]/ gu¿g\ l;jfo cfˆgf klt, lktf, ;;'/f,cfˆgf >[+uf/ hfx]/ gu¿g\ l;jfo cfˆgf klt, lktf, ;;'/f,k'qx¿, kltsf k'qx¿, bfh'efOx¿, elthfx¿, ef~hfx¿,k'qx¿, kltsf k'qx¿, bfh'efOx¿, elthfx¿, ef~hfx¿,k'qx¿, kltsf k'qx¿, bfh'efOx¿, elthfx¿, ef~hfx¿,k'qx¿, kltsf k'qx¿, bfh'efOx¿, elthfx¿, ef~hfx¿,k'qx¿, kltsf k'qx¿, bfh'efOx¿, elthfx¿, ef~hfx¿,lbbLalxgLsf k'qx¿, -gft]bf/_ dlxnfx¿, bf;–bf;Lx¿,lbbLalxgLsf k'qx¿, -gft]bf/_ dlxnfx¿, bf;–bf;Lx¿,lbbLalxgLsf k'qx¿, -gft]bf/_ dlxnfx¿, bf;–bf;Lx¿,lbbLalxgLsf k'qx¿, -gft]bf/_ dlxnfx¿, bf;–bf;Lx¿,lbbLalxgLsf k'qx¿, -gft]bf/_ dlxnfx¿, bf;–bf;Lx¿,dftxtdf /x]sf sfd]R5f/lxt k'?ifx¿ / tL afnsx¿sf;fd'dftxtdf /x]sf sfd]R5f/lxt k'?ifx¿ / tL afnsx¿sf;fd'dftxtdf /x]sf sfd]R5f/lxt k'?ifx¿ / tL afnsx¿sf;fd'dftxtdf /x]sf sfd]R5f/lxt k'?ifx¿ / tL afnsx¿sf;fd'dftxtdf /x]sf sfd]R5f/lxt k'?ifx¿ / tL afnsx¿sf;fd'hf] dlxnfx¿sf u'KtfËx¿af/] cgle1 x'G5g\ . /, cfˆgf v'§fhf] dlxnfx¿sf u'KtfËx¿af/] cgle1 x'G5g\ . /, cfˆgf v'§fhf] dlxnfx¿sf u'KtfËx¿af/] cgle1 x'G5g\ . /, cfˆgf v'§fhf] dlxnfx¿sf u'KtfËx¿af/] cgle1 x'G5g\ . /, cfˆgf v'§fhf] dlxnfx¿sf u'KtfËx¿af/] cgle1 x'G5g\ . /, cfˆgf v'§fahfpFb} glx8"g\ ls pgLx¿n] n'sfPsf >+[uf/af/] yfxfxf];\====== .ÆahfpFb} glx8"g\ ls pgLx¿n] n'sfPsf >+[uf/af/] yfxfxf];\====== .ÆahfpFb} glx8"g\ ls pgLx¿n] n'sfPsf >+[uf/af/] yfxfxf];\====== .ÆahfpFb} glx8"g\ ls pgLx¿n] n'sfPsf >+[uf/af/] yfxfxf];\====== .ÆahfpFb} glx8"g\ ls pgLx¿n] n'sfPsf >+[uf/af/] yfxfxf];\====== .Æ-s'/cfg @$M#!_-s'/cfg @$M#!_-s'/cfg @$M#!_-s'/cfg @$M#!_-s'/cfg @$M#!_

#= kbf{sf nflu cfjZos zt{x¿

kljq s'/cfg / xbL; cg';f/ kbf{sf nflu lgDg lnlvt 5 j6fs'/fx¿ Wofgdf /fVg' h?/L 5–

s_ klxnf] z/L/ xf] h;nfO{ 9fSg' cfjZos 5 . of] k'?if / dlxnfsf nflukm/s km/s 5 . k'?ifsf nflu gfO6f]b]lv 3+'8f;Dd 9fSg' clgjfo{ 5eg] dlxnfsf nflu cg'xf/ / xTs]nf afx]s k'/} z/L/ 9fSg' clgjfo{5 . t}klg pm rfxG5] eg] v'Nnf efu klg 9fSg ;S5] . O:nfdsf s]xLwd{ljb\x¿ cg'xf/ / xftsf] klg kbf{ cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/fdf hf]8lbG5g\ . cGo s'/fx¿ :qL tyf k'?ifsf nflu ;dfg /x]sf 5g\ .

v_ nufOPsf sk8fx¿ v's'nf] x'g'kb{5 tfls o;af6 z/L/sf c+usf]cfsf/ gb]lvof];\ .

u_ nufOPsf sk8f leqL c+u b]lvg ;Sg] kftnf] -kf/bzL{_ x'g' x'Fb}g .

3_ nufOPsf sk8fx¿ ljkl/t lnËnfO{ cfslif{t ug{] vfnsf e8\lsnfx'g' x'Fb}g .

ª_ nufOPsf sk8fx¿ ljkl/t lnË;Fu ldNg] vfnsf x'g' x'Fb}g

r_ nufOPsf sk8f s'g} ljz]if u}/–d'l:nd wd{nfO{ lrgfpg] jf Tof]wd{sf] k|tLs x'g' x'Fb}g .

10


$= kbf{n] cGo lrh ;fy ;fy} dflg;sf] Jojxf/ / cfr/0fsf] klghfgsf/L lbnfpF5 .k"0f{ kbf{, sk8fsf 5 s;f}6L afx]s klg g}lts Jojxf/ / cfr/0fnfO{

klg cfkm"leq ;dflxt u/]sf] 5 . s'g} JolQm olb sk8fsf] s;f}6L dfqckgfpF5 eg] p;n] kbf{sf] ;Lldt cy{sf] kfngf ul//x]sf] x'G5 . sk8fåf/fkbf{sf ;fy ;fy cfFvf / ljrf/x¿sf] klg kbf{ ug{'k5{ . s'g} JolQmsf]rfnrng, s'/fsfgL tyf Jojxf/nfO{ klg kbf{sf] bfo/fdf lng] ul/G5 .

%= kbf{n] b'Jo{jxf/af6 /f]Sb5dlxnfnfO{ kbf{sf] pkb]z lsg lbOG5, o;sf] sf/0f kljq s'/cfgsf]

;"/x …cn–cxhfjÚ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

æx] gaL Û cfˆgf kTgLx¿, cfˆgf 5f]/Lx¿ / df]ldgx¿sfæx] gaL Û cfˆgf kTgLx¿, cfˆgf 5f]/Lx¿ / df]ldgx¿sfæx] gaL Û cfˆgf kTgLx¿, cfˆgf 5f]/Lx¿ / df]ldgx¿sfæx] gaL Û cfˆgf kTgLx¿, cfˆgf 5f]/Lx¿ / df]ldgx¿sfæx] gaL Û cfˆgf kTgLx¿, cfˆgf 5f]/Lx¿ / df]ldgx¿sfdlxnfx¿nfO{ elgb]pm– æpgLx¿n] :jo+nfO{ cfˆgf cf]9\g]x¿n]dlxnfx¿nfO{ elgb]pm– æpgLx¿n] :jo+nfO{ cfˆgf cf]9\g]x¿n]dlxnfx¿nfO{ elgb]pm– æpgLx¿n] :jo+nfO{ cfˆgf cf]9\g]x¿n]dlxnfx¿nfO{ elgb]pm– æpgLx¿n] :jo+nfO{ cfˆgf cf]9\g]x¿n]dlxnfx¿nfO{ elgb]pm– æpgLx¿n] :jo+nfO{ cfˆgf cf]9\g]x¿n]9fs"g\ . of] plrt t/Lsf xf] . o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿ lrlgg]5g\ /9fs"g\ . of] plrt t/Lsf xf] . o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿ lrlgg]5g\ /9fs"g\ . of] plrt t/Lsf xf] . o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿ lrlgg]5g\ /9fs"g\ . of] plrt t/Lsf xf] . o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿ lrlgg]5g\ /9fs"g\ . of] plrt t/Lsf xf] . o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿ lrlgg]5g\ /;tfOg] 5}gg\ . /, cNnfx clt IfdfzLn Pj+ k/d bofn';tfOg] 5}gg\ . /, cNnfx clt IfdfzLn Pj+ k/d bofn';tfOg] 5}gg\ . /, cNnfx clt IfdfzLn Pj+ k/d bofn';tfOg] 5}gg\ . /, cNnfx clt IfdfzLn Pj+ k/d bofn';tfOg] 5}gg\ . /, cNnfx clt IfdfzLn Pj+ k/d bofn'5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg ##M%(_5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg ##M%(_5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg ##M%(_5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg ##M%(_5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg ##M%(_

kljq s'/cfg eGb5 ls dlxnfx¿nfO{ kbf{sf] o; sf/0fn] pkb]z lbOPsf]5 ls pgLx¿ ;Ddflgt tj/df lrlgpmg\ / kbf{n] pgLx¿ b'Jo{jxf/af6 arfpFb5 .

dflglncf}+ ls plQs} ;'Gb/ b'O6L h'DNofxf lbbLalxgL ;8sdf l+xl8/x]sf5g\ . tLdWo] Pp6Ln] cg'xf/ / xTs]nfafx]s ;Dk"0f{ efu kbf{leq 9fs]sL l5g\/ csL{n] klZrdL sk8f ldgL:s6{ / Anfph nufPsL l5g\ . Pp6f abdf;s'g} s]6LnfO{ lh:Sofpg ;8s 5]pdf plePsf] 5 eg] o:tf] cj:yfdf p;n]s;nfO{ 5]85f8 jf b'Jo{jxf/ unf{ < kbf{df /x]sL s]6LnfO{ jf ldgL:s6{nufPsLnfO{ < cjZo g} p;n] bf];|f] s]6L cyf{t ldgL:s6{ nufPsL;Fu g}b'Jo{jxf/ ug{]5 . o:tf] sk8fn] ljkl/t lnËnfO{ ck|ToIf ¿kdf 5]85f8 /b'Jo{jxf/ ug{ cfdlGqt ub{5 . s'/cfg lans'n ;xL eGb5 ls kbf{n] dlxnfdfly x'g] 5]85f8 / pTkL8gaf6 /f]Sb5 .

^= anfTsf/Lx¿sf nflu d[To'b08O:nfdL sfg"gdf anfTsf/sf] ;hfoF d[To' b08 xf] . w]/} dflg;x¿

11


o;nfO{ lgb{otf eGg] ub{5g\ / o; b08k|lt cfZro{ k|s6 ub{5 . s]xLn] tO:nfd Pp6f h+unL wd{ xf] klg eGb5g\ . d}n] Pp6f ;fdfGo k|Zg u}/–d'l:ndx¿;Fu u/+] ls olb s;}n] tkfO{+sL cfdf cyjf lbbLalxgLnfO{ anfTsf/ub{5 / tkfO{++nfO{ GofowLz agfO lbOof] / anfTsf/LnfO{ tkfO{++sfcufl8NofOof] eg] tkfO{++ p;nfO{ s] ;hfoF ;'gfpg' x'G5 < dnfO{ k|To]saf6 Pp6}pQ/ k|fKt eof] Tof] xf] d[To'b08 lbg'kg{] . s]xLn] eg] sL pgLx¿n] p;nfO{si6 -b'Mv_ lbOsg dfg{] ;hfoF ;'gfpg]5g\ . d]/f] csf{] k|Zg lyof] ls olbsf]xL tkfOsL cfdf, kTgL cyjf lbbLalxgLsf ;fy anfTsf/ ub{5 eg] tkfO{++p;nfO{ d[To'b08 lbg rfxg'x'G5 t/ oxL 36gf csf{sL cfdf, kTgL cyjflbbLalxgLsf ;fy eof] eg] tkfO{++ d[To'b08 lbg' h+unLkg xf] eGg' x'G5 . o;cj:yfdf of] bf]xf]/f] dfkb08 lsg <

&= klZrdL ;dfhn] dlxnfnfO{ dfly p7fPsf] em'7f] bfaL ub{5dlxnfsf] :jtGqtfsf] klZrdL bfaL Pp6f 9f+]u xf] h;sf] ;xf/fdf pgLx¿

dlxnfsf] z/L/sf] zf]if0f ub{5g\, pgLx¿sf] cfTdfnfO{ kmf]xf]/ ub{5g\ / dfg;Ddfgaf6pgLx¿nfO{ jl~rt /fVb5g\ . klZrdL ;dfhn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ dfly p7fPsf]bfjL ub{5 . o;sf] abnf pgLx¿n] dlxnfnfO{ /v}n / ;dfhdf k'tnL -v]nf}gf_sf] :yfg lbPsf 5g\, h'g s]jn b]xJofkf/ / sfdjf;gfdf /Dg]x¿sf] xftsf]Pp6f v]nf}gf xf] / h'g snf / ;+:s[ltsf] /+lulj/ËL kbf{sf] k5fl8 n's]sf] 5 .

*= cd]l/sfdf anfTsf/sf] b/ ;aeGbf a9L 5cd]l/sfnfO{ ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf pGgt /fi6« dfGg] ul/G5 . ;g\ !(()

sf] FBI sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/cd]l/sfdf pQm jif{ !,)@,%%% j6f anfTsf/sf36gf btf{ eP . l/kf]6{ cg';f/ o;k|sf/sf s"n 36gfx¿dWo] !^Ü 36gfx¿dfq k|sfzdf cfpg ;s] . o;k|sf/ ;g\ !(() df anfTsf/sf 36gfsf];xL cg'dfg nufpgsf nflu pk/f]Qm ;+VofnfO{ ^=@% n] u'0fg u/L h'g;+Vof cfpF5 Tof] ^,$),(^* xf] . olb of] k"/} ;+VofnfO{ jif{sf] #^% lbgdfafFl8lbPdf o:tf 36gfsf] ;+Vof !&%^ k|ltlbg x'g cfpF5 .

To:t} Pp6f csf{] l/kf]6{ cg';f/ cd]l/sfdf b}lgs !()) anfTsf/sf36gfx¿ x'g] ub{5g\ . cd]l/sfsf] National Crime Victimization Survey

Bureau of Justice Statistics (U.S. of Justice) sf cg';f/ ;g\ !((^ df

12


dfq #,)&,))) o:tf 36gfx¿ btf{ eP . t/ ;xL 36gfsf #!Ü 36gf dfqbtf{ eP . k|lt lbgsf] lx;fan] cf};t @&!# anfTsf/sf 36gf ;g\ !((^ dfcd]l/sfdf eP . Ps l5g ljrf/ ug{'xf];\ ls cd]l/sfdf k|To]s #@ ;]s]08dfPp6f anfTsf/ x'g] ub{5 . o:tf] nfUb5 ls cd]l/sL anfTsf/L v'a} lg8/5g\ . FBI sf] ;g\ !(() sf] l/kf]6{ cufl8 atfpF5 ls anfTsf/sf] btf{ePsf 36gfx¿dWo] !)Ü anfTsf/L dfq lu/ˆtf/ x'g ;s] h'g s"n ;+Vofsf]!=^Ü xf] . anfTsf/Lx¿dWo] %)Ü ck/fwLx¿ d'2feGbf klxn] g] l/xf ul/PsflyP . o;sf] dtna of] eof] ls )=*Ü anfTsf/Lx¿lj?4 dfq} d'2f rnfpg;lsof] . csf{] zAbdf olb Pp6f dflg; !@% k6s anfTsf/sf] 36gfdflnKt eof] eg] Ps k6s dfq p;nfO{ ;hfoF lbg] ;+efjgf 5 . w]/} dflg;x¿n]o;nfO{ Pp6f /fd|f] h'jf 7fGg] 5g\ . ;hfoF lbOg'kg{]x¿dWo] %)Ü nfO{ dfq Psjif{eGbf sdsf] ;hfoF lbOPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;d]t To; l/kf{]6af6 k|:6 x'G5 .jf:tjdf cd]l/sL sfg"g cg';f/ To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;ft jif{sf] ;hfoF x'g'kb{5 .hf] klxnf] k6s anfTsf/sf] bf]ifL k|dfl0ft x'G5 To; dflg;sf] ;DaGwdf lg;fkmg/d x'g hfG5 . Psl5g ljrf/ ug{'xf];\ Pp6f JolQm !@% k6s anfTsf/ ub{5t/ p;sf lj?4 d'2f ug{] cj;/ Ps k6s dfq cfpF5 / km]l/ %)Ü dflg;x¿nfO{lg;fkmsf] g/dkgsf] nfe k|fKt x'G5 / anfTsf/sf] ck/fw k|dfl0ft ePsf]JolQmnfO{ Ps jif{eGbf klg sd ;do;Ddsf nflu ;hfoF x'G5 .

ca Tof] b[Zosf] sNkgf ug{'xf];\ ls olb cd]l/sfdf kbf{sf] kfngful/Psf] eP / ha s'g} JolQmsf] Pp6L dlxnfdfly b[li6 k'Ubf s'g} cz'4 ljrf/p;sf] dl:tisdf cfpg] lalQs} cfˆgf]] b[li6 tn uYof{] eg] anfTsf/sf] l:ylts] x'GYof] xf]nf < k|To]s dlxnf kbf{ u5{] cyf{t\ xTs]nf / cg'xf/ afx]s k"/} z/L/9fS5] . olt x'Fbf xF'b} s'g} dflg; To; dlxnfsf ;fy anfTsf/ u5{ eg] p;nfO{d[To'b08 lbOG5 . o:tf] l:yltdf s] cd]l/sfdf anfTsf/sf] b/ a9\nf jf l:y//xnf jf 36\nf < tkfO{++ o;sf] hjfkm ;lhn} cg'dfg ug{ ;Sg' x'g]5 .

(= O:nfdL sfg"gn] lglZrt ¿kdf anfTsf/sf] b/ 36fpg]5:jefljs¿kdf hlxn] klg O:nfdL sfg"g nfu" ul/of] eg] o;sf]

kl/0ffd lglZrt ¿kdf ;sf/fTds x'g]5 . olb O:nfdL sfg"g ;+;f/sf] s'g}klg efudf nfu" ul/of], rfx] cd]l/sfdf xf];\ jf o"/f]kdf, ;dfhdf zflGtcfpF5 . kbf{n] dlxnfnfO{ ckdflgt ub{}g a¿ o;n] pgLx¿nfO{ dfly p7fpF5/ pgLx¿sf] kljqtf tyf dfg–;Ddfgsf] /Iff ub{5 .

13


#= s] O:nfd t/af/af6 km}lnPsf] xf] <

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM t/af/af6 km}lnPsf] wd{ O:nfdnfO{ zflGtsf] wd{ s;/LeGg ;lsG5 <

pQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/M olb O:nfdnfO{ ank"j{s km}nfOPsf] lyPg eg] cfh o;nfO{dfGg]x¿ ;+;f/e/df nfvf+}sf] ;+Vofdf x'g] lyPgg\ eGg] s]xL u}/–d'l:ndx¿sf];fdfGo lzsfot /x]sf] 5 . lgDg a+'bfx¿n] o; tYonfO{ :ki6 ul/lbG5g\ lsO:nfdsf] ;Totf, bz{g / ts{ g} Tof] sf/0f xf] h;n] ubf{ of] ;+;f/el/km}lng ;Sof] . of] ;a} t/jf/sf] e/n] ;+ej ePsf] sbflrt xf]Og .

!= O:nfdsf] cy{ zflGt xf]

æO:nfdÆ d"n zAb …;nfdÚ af6 lgl:sPsf] xf] h;sf] cy{ x'G5 æzflGtÆ .o;sf] bf]>f] cy{ cfˆgf OR5fx¿nfO{ cfˆgf kfngxf/ O{Zj/ ;dIf ;'Dkg'xf] . ctM O:nfd zflGtsf] wd{ xf] h'g ;jf{]Rr ;|i6f O{Zj/sf] cufl8 cfˆgfOR5fx¿nfO{ ;'Dk]kl5 k|fKt x'G5 .

@= zflGt :yfkgfdf slxn]sfxLF an k|of]u klg ul/G5

o; ;+;f/sf k|To]s dflg; zflGt Pj+ ;b\efjsf] kIfdf 5}gg\ . w]/}dflg;x¿ cfˆgf]] t'R5 :jfy{sf nflu zflGt e+u ug{] k|of; ub{5g\ . zflGtsfod /fVgsf nflu slxn]sfxLF an k|of]u ul/G5 . o;}sf/0f xfdL k|x/L/fVb5f}+ h;n] ;dfhdf zflGt :yflkt ug{sf nflu ck/fwL / c;fdflhstTjx¿sf lj?4 an k|of]u ub{5g\ . O:nfdn] zflGtnfO{ a9fjf lbg'sf ;fy}hxfF;'s} klg cTofrf/ / cGofo x'G5 p;n] cfˆgf cg'ofoLx¿nfO{ o;sflj?4 ;+3if{sf nflu k|f]T;flxt ub{5 . cTofrf/lj?4sf] ;+3if{df slxn]sfxLFan k|of]usf] cfjZostf x'g cfpF5 . O:nfddf zflGt / Gofosf] :yfkgfsfnflu dfq ansf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

#= Oltxf;sf/ 8Ln];L cf] n]/L (Delacy O'Leary) sf] ljrf/

O:nfd t/jf/af6 km}lnPsf] xf] eGg] unt ljrf/sf] ;aeGbf /fd|f]

14


pQ/ k|l;4 Oltxf;sf/ 8Ln];L cf]–n]/Låf/f lbOPsf] 5 . o;sf] j0f{g pgn]cfˆgf]] k':ts Islam at the Cross road df u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf] syg cg';f/,

æof] eGg' ls s]xL c4{kfun d';ndfgx¿n] ljZjdf km}lnP/æof] eGg' ls s]xL c4{kfun d';ndfgx¿n] ljZjdf km}lnP/æof] eGg' ls s]xL c4{kfun d';ndfgx¿n] ljZjdf km}lnP/æof] eGg' ls s]xL c4{kfun d';ndfgx¿n] ljZjdf km}lnP/æof] eGg' ls s]xL c4{kfun d';ndfgx¿n] ljZjdf km}lnP/t/jf/åf/f k/flht ;d'bfonfO{ d';ndfg agfP, Oltxf; o;nfO{t/jf/åf/f k/flht ;d'bfonfO{ d';ndfg agfP, Oltxf; o;nfO{t/jf/åf/f k/flht ;d'bfonfO{ d';ndfg agfP, Oltxf; o;nfO{t/jf/åf/f k/flht ;d'bfonfO{ d';ndfg agfP, Oltxf; o;nfO{t/jf/åf/f k/flht ;d'bfonfO{ d';ndfg agfP, Oltxf; o;nfO{:ki6 ub{5 ls of] sf]/f as;fj xf] / of] tL sfNklgs syfx¿dWo]:ki6 ub{5 ls of] sf]/f as;fj xf] / of] tL sfNklgs syfx¿dWo]:ki6 ub{5 ls of] sf]/f as;fj xf] / of] tL sfNklgs syfx¿dWo]:ki6 ub{5 ls of] sf]/f as;fj xf] / of] tL sfNklgs syfx¿dWo]:ki6 ub{5 ls of] sf]/f as;fj xf] / of] tL sfNklgs syfx¿dWo]xf] h;nfO{ Oltxf;sf/x¿n] s'g} a]nf bf]xf]¥ofPsf 5g\ .Æxf] h;nfO{ Oltxf;sf/x¿n] s'g} a]nf bf]xf]¥ofPsf 5g\ .Æxf] h;nfO{ Oltxf;sf/x¿n] s'g} a]nf bf]xf]¥ofPsf 5g\ .Æxf] h;nfO{ Oltxf;sf/x¿n] s'g} a]nf bf]xf]¥ofPsf 5g\ .Æxf] h;nfO{ Oltxf;sf/x¿n] s'g} a]nf bf]xf]¥ofPsf 5g\ .Æ

$= d';ndfgx¿n] :k]gdf *)) jif{ zf;g u/]

d';ndfgx¿n] :k]gdf nueu *)) jif{ zf;g u/] tfklg ToxfFpgLx¿n] slxNo} s;}nfO{ O:nfd :jLsf/ ug{ ljjz agfPgg\ . kl5 O{;fOwfld{s of]4fx¿ :k]g cfP / pgLx¿n] d';ndfgx¿nfO{ tx;gx; ul/lbP, /ToxfF v'Nnd\v'Nnf chfg lbg ;Sg] cyf{t gdfhsf nflu k'sfg{ ;Sg] Pp6fklg d';ndfg afFsL /x]g .

%= Ps s/f]8 rfnL; nfv c/a cfjfbL O{;fO{ j+zsf x'g\

d';ndfgx¿ !$)) jif{;Dd c/asf zf;s /x] . s]xLjif{;Dd tToxfF a]nfotL zf;g /Xof] eg] s]xL jif{ k|mfG;]nLx¿n] zf;g u/] . s'nldnfP/ Toxf d';ndfgx¿n] !$)) jif{;Dd zf;g u/] . cfh klg ToxfF Pss/f]8 rfnL; nfv O{;fO c/aL j+zsf 5g\ . olb d';ndfgx¿n] t/jf/sf]k|of]u u/]sf] eP ToxfF Ps hgf klg c/ad"nsf O{;fO{ afFsL x'g] lyPg .

^= ef/tdf *)Ü eGbf a9L u}/–d'l:nd

d';ndfgx¿n] ef/tdf nueu !))) jif{ zf;g u/] . olb pgLx¿n]rfx]sf eP ef/tsf k|To]s u}/–d'l:ndnfO{ O:nfd :jLsf/ ug{ afWo kfg{ ;Sy]lsgls o;sf nflu pgLx¿;Fu kof{Kt zlQm lyof] . cfh *)Ü eGbf a9L ef/tLox¿u}/–d'l:nd 5g\ . o; tYon] ujfxL lbG5 ls O:nfd t/jf/n] km}lnPsf] xf]Og .

&= cGo b]zx¿

OG8f]g]lzof Pp6f o:tf] b]z xf] hxfF ;+;f/df ;aeGbf a9L d';ndfg

15


5g\ . dn]lzofdf d';ndfg ax';+Vos 5 . oxfF k|Zg p7\5 ls cflv/ s'gd';ndfg ;]gf OG8f]g]lzof / dn]lzof uof] / ToxfFsf clwsf+z dflg;nfO{O:nfd sa"n ug{ afWo kf¥of] <

To:t} clk|msfsf] k"jL{ t6df O:nfd tLj| ultdf km}lnPsf] 5 . km]l/sf]xL of] k|Zg ug{ ;S5g\ ls olb O:nfd t/jf/af6 km}lnPsf] xf] eg] s'gd';ndfg ;]gf clk|msfsf] k"jL{ t6lt/ uPsf] lyof] <

*= yf]d; sf/nfonsf] ljrf/

k|l;4 Oltxf;sf/ yf]d; sf/nfonn] cfˆgf]] k':ts Heroes and

Hero Worship df O:nfdsf] k|;f/;Fu ;DalGwt unt ljrf/tkm{ ;+s]t ub{}eg]sf 5g\, æt/jf/ ÛÛ /, o:tf] cfˆgf]] t/jf/ ltdLn] sxfF kfpF5f}+ < jf:tljstfof] xf] ls k|To]s gofF ljrf/ cfˆgf]] k|f/lDes l:yltdf Pssf] cNk;+Vofdfx'G5 cyf{t\ vfnL Pp6f JolQmsf] dl:tisdf hxfF of] clxn];Dd 5 . k"/};+;f/sf] Ps dfq JolQm of] ljrf/df ljZjf; ub{5 cyf{t\ vfnL Ps dflg;;Dk"0f{ dflg;sf] d'sflanfdf x'G5 . Tof] JolQm t/jf/ lnG5 / pm;Fu k|rf/ug{] k|of; ub{5 . of] p;sf nflu s]xL klg k|efjzfnL ;fljt x'Fb}g . ;+Dk"0f{dflg;x¿lj?4 tkfO{++ cfˆgf]] t/jf/ p7fP/ x]g{'xf];\ . s'g} lrh cfkm}+ km}lnG5hlt To;n] km}lng] Ifdtf /fV5 .Æ

(= wd{df s'g} ha/h:tL x'Fb}g

s'g t/jf/n] O:nfd km}lnof] < olb of] t/jf/ d';ndfg;Fu x'GYof] eg]klg pgLx¿ o;sf] k|of]u O:nfdsf] k|rf/sf nflu ug{ ;Sb}gy] lsgls kljqs'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5,

æ-O:nfd_ wd{df s'g} ha/h:tL 5}g . kye|i6tfaf6 dfu{bz{gæ-O:nfd_ wd{df s'g} ha/h:tL 5}g . kye|i6tfaf6 dfu{bz{gæ-O:nfd_ wd{df s'g} ha/h:tL 5}g . kye|i6tfaf6 dfu{bz{gæ-O:nfd_ wd{df s'g} ha/h:tL 5}g . kye|i6tfaf6 dfu{bz{gæ-O:nfd_ wd{df s'g} ha/h:tL 5}g . kye|i6tfaf6 dfu{bz{g:ki6¿kdf cnu eO;s]sf] 5======== .Æ -s'/cfg @M@%^_:ki6¿kdf cnu eO;s]sf] 5======== .Æ -s'/cfg @M@%^_:ki6¿kdf cnu eO;s]sf] 5======== .Æ -s'/cfg @M@%^_:ki6¿kdf cnu eO;s]sf] 5======== .Æ -s'/cfg @M@%^_:ki6¿kdf cnu eO;s]sf] 5======== .Æ -s'/cfg @M@%^_

!)= a'l4sf] t/jf/

of] a'l4 / dl:tissf] t/jf/ xf] . of] Tof] t/jf/ xf] h;n] x[bo /dl:tisx¿dfly ljho k|fKt ub{5 . kljq s'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5,

16


æx] ;Gb]i6f Û dflg;x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf] dfu{tk{m tTjblz{tæx] ;Gb]i6f Û dflg;x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf] dfu{tk{m tTjblz{tæx] ;Gb]i6f Û dflg;x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf] dfu{tk{m tTjblz{tæx] ;Gb]i6f Û dflg;x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf] dfu{tk{m tTjblz{tæx] ;Gb]i6f Û dflg;x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf] dfu{tk{m tTjblz{tfffff Pj+ Pj+ Pj+ Pj+ Pj+;b'kb]zsf] dfWodaf6 af]nfpm, / ltgLx¿l;t ;jf]{Qd t/Lsfn];b'kb]zsf] dfWodaf6 af]nfpm, / ltgLx¿l;t ;jf]{Qd t/Lsfn];b'kb]zsf] dfWodaf6 af]nfpm, / ltgLx¿l;t ;jf]{Qd t/Lsfn];b'kb]zsf] dfWodaf6 af]nfpm, / ltgLx¿l;t ;jf]{Qd t/Lsfn];b'kb]zsf] dfWodaf6 af]nfpm, / ltgLx¿l;t ;jf]{Qd t/Lsfn]jfbljjfb u/ . ltd|f /a /fd|/L hfGb5g\ ls sf] pgsf] dfu{af6jfbljjfb u/ . ltd|f /a /fd|/L hfGb5g\ ls sf] pgsf] dfu{af6jfbljjfb u/ . ltd|f /a /fd|/L hfGb5g\ ls sf] pgsf] dfu{af6jfbljjfb u/ . ltd|f /a /fd|/L hfGb5g\ ls sf] pgsf] dfu{af6jfbljjfb u/ . ltd|f /a /fd|/L hfGb5g\ ls sf] pgsf] dfu{af6e|i6 ePsf] 5 / sf] ;Lwf dfu{df 5 .Æ -s'/cfg !^M!@%_e|i6 ePsf] 5 / sf] ;Lwf dfu{df 5 .Æ -s'/cfg !^M!@%_e|i6 ePsf] 5 / sf] ;Lwf dfu{df 5 .Æ -s'/cfg !^M!@%_e|i6 ePsf] 5 / sf] ;Lwf dfu{df 5 .Æ -s'/cfg !^M!@%_e|i6 ePsf] 5 / sf] ;Lwf dfu{df 5 .Æ -s'/cfg !^M!@%_

!!= ;+;f/df wd{sf] j[l4 tyf o"/f]k / cd]l/sf

/L8;{ 8fOh]i6sf] Pp6f n]v cnd]g]s, jflif{s k':ts !(*^ O{= df;+;f/sf ;a} 7"nf wd{df ;g\ !(#$ b]lv ;g\ !(*$;Ddsf] s/La %) jif{sf]cjlwdf ePsf] j[l4sf] k|ltztnfO{ cf+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . of] n]v Plain

Truth gfds klqsfdf klg k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] h;df O:nfdnfO{ ;j{>]i7:yfg lbOPsf] lyof] . pQm n]v cg';f/ O:nfdsf] j[l4 @#%Ü lyof] eg]O{;fO{sf] j[l4 $&Ü dfq lyof] . oxfF k|Zg p7\5 ls o; ztfAbLdf s'g o'4eof] h;n] nfvf}+ dflg;x¿sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/]/ pgLx¿nfO{ O:nfddf k|j]zu/fof] <

cfh cd]l/sfdf ;aeGbf tLj| ultdf km}ln/x]sf] wd{ O:nfd xf] /o"/f]kdf klg oxL wd{ ;aeGbf b'|t ultdf km}ln/x]sf]5 . s'g t/jf/n] klZrdnfO{olt 7"nf] ;+Vofdf O:nfd :jLsf/ ug{ afWo kfl//x]sf] 5 <

17


$= d';ndfgx¿ ?l9jfbL / cft+sjfbL

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM w]/} h;f] d';ndfgx¿ ?l9jfbL / cft+sjfbL lsg x'G5g\ <

pQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/M wd{ jf ljZj /fhgLlt;Fu ;+alGwt rrf{x¿df of] k|Zg k|ToIfjf ck|ToIf ¿kdf d';ndfgx¿ tkm{ t]:of{OG5 . ;+rf/sf s'g} klg ;fwgdfd';ndfgx¿nfO{ ;xL dflg+b}g / O:nfd tyf d'ndfgx¿sf] ;DaGwdf Hofb}7"nf] e|d km}nfpg] ul/G5 / pgLx¿nfO{ s§/jfbLsf] ¿kdf b]vfOG5 . jf:tjdfo:tf unt hfgsf/Lx¿ / em"7f k|rf/ k|foMh;f] d';ndfgx¿lj?4 lx+;f /kIfkftsf] sf/0f aGb5g\ . o;sf] ;aeGbf :ki6 pbf/x/0f cd]l/sL ;+rf/dfWodx¿åf/f d';ndfglj?4 rnfOg] u/]sf] cleofg xf] h'g cf]snfxf]dfad ljikmf]6kl5 rnfOPsf] xf] . k|];n] t'?Gt of] 3f]if0ff ul/lbof] ls o;ljikmf]6sf] k5fl8 dWok"jL{ if8\oGqn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . kl5 uP/ cd]l/sL;]gfsf] Pp6f hjfg of] sf08df bf]ifL kfOof] .

ca xfdL d';ndfgx¿ ?l9jfbL / cft+sjfbL x'g] cf/f]kx¿ dflyljdz{ u5f}{+M–

!= ?l9jfbLsf] kl/efiff

s'g} cf:yf jf l;4fGtnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{} To;sf] df}lns lzIffx¿sf]kfngf ul//x]sf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ ?l9jfbL JolQm elgG5 . /fd|f] 8fS6/ aGgrfxg] Pp6f JolQmn] lrlsT;f;DalGw df}lns lgodx¿nfO{ hfGg', To;sf]cg';/0f ug{' / To;sf] cEof; ug{' h?/L 5 . csf{] zAbdf eGg' kbf{ /fd|f]8fS6/ aGg rfxg] JolQmn] lrlsT;f If]qdf ?l9jfbL x'g'kb{5 . To:t} s'g}JolQm /fd|f] ul0ft1 aGg ul0ftsf d"n lgodx¿ hfGg', ltgLx¿sf] cg';/0fug{' / cEof; ug{' h?/L 5 . To; b[li6sf]0fdf p;n] ul0ftsf] If]qdf?l9jfbL x'g'kb{5 . o;}ul/ olb s'g} JolQmnfO{ /fd|f] j}1flgs aGg' 5 eg]p;n] lj1fgsf df}lns l;4fGtx¿nfO{ hfGg', ltgLx¿sf] kfngf ug{' /ltgLx¿sf] cEof; ug{' cfjZos 5 cyf{t\ p;n] lj1fgsf] If]qdf ?l9jfbLx'g'kb{5 .

18


@= ?l9jfbL zAbsf] cy{

j]a:6;{ (Webster's) zAbsf]ifsf cg';f/ …?l9jfbLÚ Pp6f cfGbf]nglyof] h'g aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf] k|f/Dedf cd]l/sL k|f]6]:6]G6\;åf/f rnfOPsf] lyof] .of] cfGbf]ng cfw'lgstfjfbsf] k|ltlqmofsf ¿kdf p7]sf] lyof] h;n] s]jncf:yf / g}ltstfsf] dfq geP/ zAbzM P]ltxfl;s tYosf] ¿kdf afOjnsf]¿kdf ;Totfdfly hf]8 lbGYof] . afOan O{Zj/sf] zAb xf] eGg] s'/fdfljZjf; ug{ To;n] hf]8 lbGYof] . o;k|sf/ ?l9jfbL zAb O{;fO{sf] To;;d"xsf nflu k|of]u ul/GYof] h;sf] ljZjf; afOan s'g} ;Gb]z Pj+ bf]ifljgfsf] O{Zj/Lo zAb xf] eGg]df lyof] . To:t} cS;kmf]8{ zAbsf]if cg';f/?l9jfbLsf] cy{ æs'g} klg wd{Ù ljz]iftM O:nfdsf] d"n l;4fGtx¿sf] kfngug{'Æ x'G5 . cfhef]ln ha s'g} JolQm s'g} klg ;dodf ?l9jfbL zAbsf]k|of]u ub{5 eg] p;sf] dl:tisdf t'?Gt Ps cft+sjfbL d';ndfgsf] ljrf/cfpF5 .

#= ;a} ?l9jfbL Ps} k|sf/sf x'Fb}gg\

sf]xL klg Pp6} j|;af6 ;a} ?l9jfbLx¿nfO{ /+ufpg ;Sb}g . ;a}?l9jfbLx¿nfO{ /fd|f] jf g/fd|f]sf] Pp6} bhf{df /fVg ;ls+b}g . s'g} klg?l9jfbLsf] bhf{ p;sf] sfo{If]q / p;sf] ultljlwdf lge{/ ub{5 . Pp6f?l9jfbL 8fs' cyjf rf]/ ;dfhsf] nflu xflgsf/s x'G5, To;}n] pm dg gkg{]x'G5 . csf{]lt/ Pp6f ?l9jfbL 8fS6/n], ;dfhnfO{ nfe k'¥ofpF5 . To;}n] pm;a}nfO{ dg kg{] x'G5 / p;n] w]/} cfb/ klg kfpF5 .

$= d';ndfg ?l9jfbL x'g' uj{sf] s'/f xf]

d Pp6f ?l9jfbL d';ndfg x'F / cNnfxsf] s[kfaf6 O:nfdsf df}lnsl;4fGt / lgodx¿;Fu kl/lrt 5' clg To;sf] kfngfsf] k|of; ub{5' . Ps;Rrf d';ndfg x'g'df uj{ 5 lsgls d hfGb5' sL O:nfdsf df}lns l;4fGt/ lgod ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhflt / ;f/f ;+;f/sf nflu nfebfos 5 . O:nfdsf]s'g} klg df}lns l;4fGt o:tf] 5}g h'g dfgjhfltsf nflu xflgsf/s x'g;S5 . w]/} dflg;x¿ O:nfdsf] ;DaGwdf unt ljrf/ /fVb5g\ / O:nfdsf

19


cg]s lzIffx¿nfO{ cg'lrt dfGb5g\ . o;sf] sf/0f O:nfdsf] ckof{Kt tyfunt hfgsf/L xf] . olb sf]xL v'Nnf dl:tisn] O:nfdsf lzIffx¿sf]cfnf]rgfTds ljj/0f lnG5 eg] p;n] o; tYonfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sb}g lsO:nfd JolQmut / ;fd"lxs b'a} :t/x¿df nfe g} nfen] dfq el/Psf] 5 .

%= Pp6f JolQmnfO{ Ps} sfo{sf nflu b'O{ leGg pkflwx¿……………cft+sjfbLÚ Ú Ú Ú Ú / ……………/fi6«jfbLÚÚÚÚÚ

ef/tsf] a]nfotL zf;gaf6 :jtGqtfk"j{ clx+;fsf kIfdf gePsfs]xL qmflGtsf/Lx¿nfO{ a]nfotL ;/sf/n] cft+sjfbL eGof] . ltg} JolQmx¿nfO{ef/tLox¿n] k|z+;f u/] / pgLx¿nfO{ æb]zeQmÆ eg] . o;k|sf/ Pp6fJolQmnfO{ Pp6} sfdsf nflu b'O{j6f km/s km/s pkfwL lbOof] . Pp6fn]p;nfO{ b]zeQm elg/x]sf] 5 eg] csf{]n] cft+jfbL . tL dflg;x¿ h;n]ef/tdf a]nfotL zf;gnfO{ plrt dfg], pgLx¿n] tL qmflGtsf/Lx¿nfO{cft+sjfbL eg] hals csf{] hf] a]nfotLx¿n] ef/tdf zf;g ug{] s'g} clwsf/gePsf] ;lDemGy] tL dflg;x¿n] qmflGtsf/Lx¿nfO{ b]zeQm Pj+ :jtGqtf;]gfgLsf] gfd lbP . To;}n] Pp6f JolQmsf] af/]df km};nf ug{'eGbf klxn]p;sf] k"/} s'/f ;'Gg Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . To:t} b'a} kIfsf] ts{ ;'Gg',l:yltsf] ljj/0f lng', sf/0f / p2]Zok|lt ljrf/ ug{' kb{5 . clg dfq To;JolQmsf] af/]df plrt km};nf ug{'kb{5 .

20


%= hgfj/nfO{ aw ug{] t/Lsf

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM d';ndfgx¿n] hgfj/x¿nfO{ lgb{otf ;fy si6 lbP/ lsg awu5{g\ <

pQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/M hgfj/x¿nfO{ aw ug{] O:nfdL t/Lsfk|lt w]/} dflg;x¿n]cfklQ hgfP . o; ;DaGwdf xfdL s]xL a'+bfx¿df ljrf/ ub{5f}+ h;af6 of]tYo k|dfl0ft x'G5 ls aw ug{] O:nfdL t/Lsf dfgjLo dfq geP/ j}1flgsb[li6af6 klg pQd 5 .

hgfj/nfO{ aw ug{] sfo{sf nflu c/aL zAb …hSs}t'dÚ k|o'Qm ul/G5 .h'g lqmofkbaf6 of] zAb ag]sf] 5 To;sf] cy{ ækljq ug{'Æ / æz'4 ug{'Æx'G5 .

O:nfdL t/Lsf cg';f/ hgfj/nfO{ aw ubf{ wfl/nf] 5'/L jf xltof/sf]k|of]u ug{'kb{5 tfls To;af6 hgfj/nfO{ sdeGbf sd kL8f xf];\ . hgfj/nfO{unflt/af6 sf6\g' kb{5 tfls 3fF6Lsf] /Qm gnL sfl6of];\ / 3fF6Lsf] dflykl§sf]d]¿b08;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] x8\8L gsfl6of];\ . 6fpsf]nfO{ 5'6\ofpg'eGbf cl3/utnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] aflx/ aUg lbg'kb{5 lsgls /utdf hLjf0f' x'G5g\ . olbd]¿b08sf] x8\8Llt/sf] efunfO{ hgfj/ dg{'k"j{ sfl6of] eg] z/L/af6 ;Dk"0f{/ut lgl:sg'eGbf cl3 g} hgfj/ db{5 / /ut To;sf] df;'df hD5 / df;'xflgsf/s aGb5 .

/utdf sL6f0f', hLjf0f', ljiff0f' cflb kfOG5g\ h'g cg]sf}+ /f]usf sf/0faGb5g\ . o;sf/0f O:nfdL t/Lsfn] hgfj/ aw ugf{n] o:tf xflgsf/ssL6f0f'x¿ /ut ;Fu ;Fu} au]/ z/L/af6 aflx/ lg:sG5g\ / df;' nfebfos:j:Yos/ x'g'sf ;fy} w]/} ;do;Dd tfhf /xG5 . 3fF6Lsf] gnL rfF8} sf6\gfn]kL8fsf] ;|f]t dl:tislt/ /Qm axfa /f]lsG5 / hgfj/n] kL8fsf] cg'ejub{}g . dg{] ;dodf hgfj/ ;+3if{ ub{5, s/fpF5 / v'§f rnfpF5 h'g kL8fsfsf/0fn] geP/ /ut aUgfn] df+;k]zL v'Drg' / km}ng'n] ePsf] xf] .

21


^= df+;fxf/L vfgf

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM hgfj/x¿sf] xTof Ps lgb{otfk"0f{ sfo{ xf] tfklg d';ndfgx¿lsg df;' vfG5g\ <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M zfsfxf/n] ca ;+;f/ el/df Pp6f cfGbf]ngsf] ¿k lnO{ ;s]sf]5 . w]/} h;f]n] t o;nfO{ hgfj/sf] clwsf/;Fu hf]8\b5g\ . lgZro g}dflg;x¿sf] Pp6f 7"nf] hdft zfsfxf/L 5 / df;' vfg] cGo dflg;x¿n]hgfj/x¿sf] clwsf/ xgg u/]sf] dfGb5g\ . O:nfd k|To]s k|f0fLk|lt :g]x /bofsf] lgb{]zg lbG5 . o;sf ;fy} O{Zj/n] k[YjL, af]6–lj?jf / ;fgf 7"nfx/]s k|sf/sf hLj–hGt'x¿ dflg; s} nfesf nflu k}bf u/]sf x'g\ eGg]s'/fdf ;d]t hf]8 lbG5 . ca of] dflg;df g} lge{/ ub{5 ls p;n] O{Zj/n]lbPsf pkxf/ / gf;f]sf ¿kdf /x]sf k|To]s ;|f]t jf lrhsf] s;/L plrt¿kdf k|of]u ub{5 . cfpg'xf];\, ca xfdL lgDg s'/fx¿df ljrf/ u/f}+M–

!= s'/cfgdf df+;fxf/sf] cg'dlt

Pp6f d';ndfg k"0f{ zfsfxf/L x'g'sf ;fy} Pp6f /fd|f] d';ndfg x'g;Sb5 . df+;fxf/L x'g' Pp6f d';ndfgsf nflu h?/L 5}g . t/ kljq s'/cfgd';ndfgnfO{ df+;fxf/L x'g] cg'dlt lbG5 . lgDg s'/cfgL cfot -Znf]s_ x¿o; s'/fsf k|df0f x'g\ .

æææææx] O{dfgjfnfx¿ xf] Û cfˆgf jfrfaGwgx¿sf] kfng u/ .x] O{dfgjfnfx¿ xf] Û cfˆgf jfrfaGwgx¿sf] kfng u/ .x] O{dfgjfnfx¿ xf] Û cfˆgf jfrfaGwgx¿sf] kfng u/ .x] O{dfgjfnfx¿ xf] Û cfˆgf jfrfaGwgx¿sf] kfng u/ .x] O{dfgjfnfx¿ xf] Û cfˆgf jfrfaGwgx¿sf] kfng u/ .ltdLx¿sfnflu rf}kfof hgfj/x¿ j}w ul/Psf 5g\ l;jfo tLltdLx¿sfnflu rf}kfof hgfj/x¿ j}w ul/Psf 5g\ l;jfo tLltdLx¿sfnflu rf}kfof hgfj/x¿ j}w ul/Psf 5g\ l;jfo tLltdLx¿sfnflu rf}kfof hgfj/x¿ j}w ul/Psf 5g\ l;jfo tLltdLx¿sfnflu rf}kfof hgfj/x¿ j}w ul/Psf 5g\ l;jfo tLhgfj/x¿sf] h'g ltdLx¿nfO{ atfOg]5==== .hgfj/x¿sf] h'g ltdLx¿nfO{ atfOg]5==== .hgfj/x¿sf] h'g ltdLx¿nfO{ atfOg]5==== .hgfj/x¿sf] h'g ltdLx¿nfO{ atfOg]5==== .hgfj/x¿sf] h'g ltdLx¿nfO{ atfOg]5==== .Æ -s'/cfg %M!_Æ -s'/cfg %M!_Æ -s'/cfg %M!_Æ -s'/cfg %M!_Æ -s'/cfg %M!_

æææææ/, hgfj/x¿nfO{ klg pgn] g} ;[li6 u/] h;af6 ltdLx¿/, hgfj/x¿nfO{ klg pgn] g} ;[li6 u/] h;af6 ltdLx¿/, hgfj/x¿nfO{ klg pgn] g} ;[li6 u/] h;af6 ltdLx¿/, hgfj/x¿nfO{ klg pgn] g} ;[li6 u/] h;af6 ltdLx¿/, hgfj/x¿nfO{ klg pgn] g} ;[li6 u/] h;af6 ltdLx¿Gofgf] j:q tyf cGo kmfObf p7fpF5f} / tLdWo] s]xLnfO{ vfg]Gofgf] j:q tyf cGo kmfObf p7fpF5f} / tLdWo] s]xLnfO{ vfg]Gofgf] j:q tyf cGo kmfObf p7fpF5f} / tLdWo] s]xLnfO{ vfg]Gofgf] j:q tyf cGo kmfObf p7fpF5f} / tLdWo] s]xLnfO{ vfg]Gofgf] j:q tyf cGo kmfObf p7fpF5f} / tLdWo] s]xLnfO{ vfg]klg u5f}{ .klg u5f}{ .klg u5f}{ .klg u5f}{ .klg u5f}{ .Æ -s'/cfg !^M%_Æ -s'/cfg !^M%_Æ -s'/cfg !^M%_Æ -s'/cfg !^M%_Æ -s'/cfg !^M%_

æææææ/, hgfj/x¿df klg ltdLx¿sfnflu 7"nf] lzIff /x]sf] 5 ./, hgfj/x¿df klg ltdLx¿sfnflu 7"nf] lzIff /x]sf] 5 ./, hgfj/x¿df klg ltdLx¿sfnflu 7"nf] lzIff /x]sf] 5 ./, hgfj/x¿df klg ltdLx¿sfnflu 7"nf] lzIff /x]sf] 5 ./, hgfj/x¿df klg ltdLx¿sfnflu 7"nf] lzIff /x]sf] 5 .ltgsf k]6df /x]sf kbfy{af6 lkpg] b"w k|bfg u5f}{+ / ltgdfltgsf k]6df /x]sf kbfy{af6 lkpg] b"w k|bfg u5f}{+ / ltgdfltgsf k]6df /x]sf kbfy{af6 lkpg] b"w k|bfg u5f}{+ / ltgdfltgsf k]6df /x]sf kbfy{af6 lkpg] b"w k|bfg u5f}{+ / ltgdfltgsf k]6df /x]sf kbfy{af6 lkpg] b"w k|bfg u5f}{+ / ltgdfltdLx¿sfnflu cGo w]/} kmfObfx¿ 5g\ . /, ltgLx¿dWo]ltdLx¿sfnflu cGo w]/} kmfObfx¿ 5g\ . /, ltgLx¿dWo]ltdLx¿sfnflu cGo w]/} kmfObfx¿ 5g\ . /, ltgLx¿dWo]ltdLx¿sfnflu cGo w]/} kmfObfx¿ 5g\ . /, ltgLx¿dWo]ltdLx¿sfnflu cGo w]/} kmfObfx¿ 5g\ . /, ltgLx¿dWo]s]xLnfO{ -ltdL_ vfG5f} klg .s]xLnfO{ -ltdL_ vfG5f} klg .s]xLnfO{ -ltdL_ vfG5f} klg .s]xLnfO{ -ltdL_ vfG5f} klg .s]xLnfO{ -ltdL_ vfG5f} klg .Æ -s'/cfg, @#M@!_Æ -s'/cfg, @#M@!_Æ -s'/cfg, @#M@!_Æ -s'/cfg, @#M@!_Æ -s'/cfg, @#M@!_

22


@= df;' kf}li6s cfxf/

df+;fxf/L vfgf kof{Kt pQd k|f]l6gsf] Pp6f /fd|f] ;|f]t xf] . o;dfcf7 j6} cfjZos cdLgf] Pl;8 kfOG5g\ h'g z/L/leq aGb}gg\ / kf]if0ftTjåf/fg} o;sf] k"lt{ ug{'kb{5 . df;'df kmnfd, le6fldg aL–! / lgofl;g klgkfOG5 . o;/L df;'df cg]sf}+ k|sf/sf kf}li6stTj kfOg] ePsf]n] of] z/L/sfnflu cToGt h?/L 5 .

#= dflg;sf] bfFtdf x'g] Ifdtf / kfrg zlQm

olb tkfO{++n] e]8f, afv|f, ufO{ h:tf 3fF; vfg] hgfj/x¿sf] bfFt x]g{'eof] eg] tkfO{++ oL ;a}df ;dfgtf kfpg' x'G5 . oL ;a} hgfjx¿sf] r]K6fbfFt x'G5g\ h'g 3fF; vfgsf nflu pko'Qm x'G5g\ . olb tkfO{++n] l;+x, af3,lrt'jf cflb h:tf df+zfxf/L hgfj/x¿sf bfFt x]g{'eof] eg] ltgLx¿dfr'Rr]bf/ bfFt klg kfpg' x'G5 h;n] df;' vfg d2t ub{5g\ . olb dflg;x¿sf]bfFtsf] cWoog ul/of] eg] tkfO{+ pgLx¿sf bfFt r]K6f] / r'Rrf] b'a} k|sf/sfePsf] kfpg' x'G5 . o;k|sf/ dflg; jg:klt / df;' b'a} vfg ;Ifd 5g\ . cak|Zg p7\g ;S5 ls olb ;j{zlQmdfg k/d]Zj/n] dflg;nfO{ 3fF; jf t/sf/Ldfq v'jfpg rfxG5g\ eg] p;nfO{ r'Rrf] bfFt lsg lbG5g\ < of] o; s'/fsf]k|df0f xf] ls pgn] xfdLnfO{ df;' Pj+ t/sf/L b'a} vfg] cg'dlt lbPsf 5g\ .

To:t} zfsfxf/L hgfj/x¿sf] kfrg k|0ffnLn] 3fF; jf t/sf/L dfqkrfpg ;Sb5 eg] df+;fxf/L hgfj/sf] kfrg k|0ffnLn] df;' dfq krfpg]Ifdtf /fVb5 . t/ dflg;sf] kfrgk|0ffnLn] t/sf/L / df;' b'a} krfpg ;Sb5 .olb ;j{zlQmdfg k/d]Zj/n] xfdLnfO{ t/sf/L dfq v'jfpg rfxG5g\ eg] pgn]xfdLnfO{ df;' / t/sf/L krfpg ;Sg] kfrg zlQm lsg lbPsf 5g\ <

$= lxGb" wd{u|Gydf df+;fxf/sf] cg'dlt

w]/} lxGb"x¿ z'4 zfsfxf/L 5g\ . pgLx¿sf ljrf/ cg';f/ df;' vfg'wd{lj?4 xf] . t/ jf:tljs ;To of] xf] ls lxGb" wd{u|Gyn] dflg;nfO{ df;'vfg] cg'dlt lbG5 . u|Gyx¿df tL ;fw' / ;Gtx¿sf] j0f{g ePsf] 5 hf] df;'vfg] uy{] .

23


s_ lxGb" ljwLzf:q dg':d[ltsf] cWofo % ;"q #) df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5M–

æpgLx¿ h;n] ltgsf df;' vfG5g\– h'g vfgof]Uo 5g\ .æpgLx¿ h;n] ltgsf df;' vfG5g\– h'g vfgof]Uo 5g\ .æpgLx¿ h;n] ltgsf df;' vfG5g\– h'g vfgof]Uo 5g\ .æpgLx¿ h;n] ltgsf df;' vfG5g\– h'g vfgof]Uo 5g\ .æpgLx¿ h;n] ltgsf df;' vfG5g\– h'g vfgof]Uo 5g\ .ltgLx¿ s'g} ck/fw ub{}gg\Ù a? pgLx¿ k|ltlbg o;f] ub{5g\ltgLx¿ s'g} ck/fw ub{}gg\Ù a? pgLx¿ k|ltlbg o;f] ub{5g\ltgLx¿ s'g} ck/fw ub{}gg\Ù a? pgLx¿ k|ltlbg o;f] ub{5g\ltgLx¿ s'g} ck/fw ub{}gg\Ù a? pgLx¿ k|ltlbg o;f] ub{5g\ltgLx¿ s'g} ck/fw ub{}gg\Ù a? pgLx¿ k|ltlbg o;f] ub{5g\lsgls :jo+ O{Zj/n] g} s]xLnfO{ vfg] / s]xLnfO{ vfOg] j:t'sf]lsgls :jo+ O{Zj/n] g} s]xLnfO{ vfg] / s]xLnfO{ vfOg] j:t'sf]lsgls :jo+ O{Zj/n] g} s]xLnfO{ vfg] / s]xLnfO{ vfOg] j:t'sf]lsgls :jo+ O{Zj/n] g} s]xLnfO{ vfg] / s]xLnfO{ vfOg] j:t'sf]lsgls :jo+ O{Zj/n] g} s]xLnfO{ vfg] / s]xLnfO{ vfOg] j:t'sf]¿kdf k}bf u/]sf x'g\ .Æ¿kdf k}bf u/]sf x'g\ .Æ¿kdf k}bf u/]sf x'g\ .Æ¿kdf k}bf u/]sf x'g\ .Æ¿kdf k}bf u/]sf x'g\ .Æ

v_ dg':d[ltdf ;f]xL cWofosf] ;"q #! df cfPsf] 5M–

ædf;' vfg' alnbfgsf nflu plrt 5 o;nfO{ b]jLk|yf cg';f/ædf;' vfg' alnbfgsf nflu plrt 5 o;nfO{ b]jLk|yf cg';f/ædf;' vfg' alnbfgsf nflu plrt 5 o;nfO{ b]jLk|yf cg';f/ædf;' vfg' alnbfgsf nflu plrt 5 o;nfO{ b]jLk|yf cg';f/ædf;' vfg' alnbfgsf nflu plrt 5 o;nfO{ b]jLk|yf cg';f/b]jtfx¿sf] lgod elgG5 .Æb]jtfx¿sf] lgod elgG5 .Æb]jtfx¿sf] lgod elgG5 .Æb]jtfx¿sf] lgod elgG5 .Æb]jtfx¿sf] lgod elgG5 .Æ

u_ To:t} ;f]xL cWofosf] ;"q #( / $) df elgPsf] 5M–

æ:jo+ O{Zj/n] alnsf hgfj/x¿nfO{ alnsf nflu k}bf u/] .æ:jo+ O{Zj/n] alnsf hgfj/x¿nfO{ alnsf nflu k}bf u/] .æ:jo+ O{Zj/n] alnsf hgfj/x¿nfO{ alnsf nflu k}bf u/] .æ:jo+ O{Zj/n] alnsf hgfj/x¿nfO{ alnsf nflu k}bf u/] .æ:jo+ O{Zj/n] alnsf hgfj/x¿nfO{ alnsf nflu k}bf u/] .ctM alnsf] p2]Zoaf6 ul/Psf] aw xTof xf]Og .ÆctM alnsf] p2]Zoaf6 ul/Psf] aw xTof xf]Og .ÆctM alnsf] p2]Zoaf6 ul/Psf] aw xTof xf]Og .ÆctM alnsf] p2]Zoaf6 ul/Psf] aw xTof xf]Og .ÆctM alnsf] p2]Zoaf6 ul/Psf] aw xTof xf]Og .Æ

dxfe/t cg'zf;g kj{ cWofo ** df wd{/fh o'lwli7/ / lktfdxleidaLr ePsf] jftf{nfksf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . h;df s'g vfgf k"j{hx¿nfO{zflGt k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] pgLx¿sf >f4sf] ;dodf bfg ug{'kb{5 eGg] s'/fpNn]v 5 . o;sf] k|;Fu o;k|sf/ 5M–

o'lwli7/n] eg], æx] dxfanL . dnfO{ atfpg'xf];\ ls s'g rflxF j:t' xf]h;nfO{ d[t k"j{hx¿nfO{ e]6 r9fOPdf pgLx¿nfO{ zflGt k|fKt x'G5 < s'grflx xAo ;w}+ /xG5 < Tof] s] xf] h;nfO{ olb k|:t't ul/of] eg] cgGtsfn;Dd x'G5 <Æ

leidn] eg], æP o'lwli7/ Û s'/f ;'g ls Tof] s'g xlj xf] h'g >f4/Lltsf] dWodf bfg ug{' plrt x'G5 < /, Tof] s'g kmn xf] h'g k|To]s;Fuhf]l8Psf] 5 < >f4sf] ;do l;;f}+sf] aLp, rfdn, afh/f, df;, kfgL, h/f /kmn bfg ul/of] eg] k"j{hx¿nfO{ Ps dlxgf;Dd zflGt x'G5 . olb df5f k]zul/of] eg] t pgLx¿nfO{ b'O{ dlxgf;Dd /fxt lbG5 . e]8fsf] df;'n] tLgdlxgf;Dd pgLx¿nfO{ zflGt lbG5 . To:t} v/fof]sf] df;'n] rf/ dlxgf;Dd,v;Lsf] df;'n] kfFr dlxgf, ;F'u'/sf] df;'n] 5 dlxgf;Dd, r/fx¿sf] df;'n];ft dlxgf;Dd, …lk|i6fÚ gfds xl/0fsf] df;'n] cf7 dlxgf;Dd / …¿¿Úgfds xl/0fsf] df;'n] pgLx¿ gf} dlxgf;Dd zflGtdf /xg ;Sb5g\ . ufefof

24


(Gavaya) sf] df;'af6 bz dlxgf;Dd, e};L+sf] df;'af6 P3f/ dlxgf;Dd /ufO{sf] df;'af6 k"/f Ps jif{;Dd k"j{hx¿nfO{ zflGt k|fKt x'G5 . olb l3pld;fP/ kfo; -vL/_ bfg lbOof] eg] of] k"j{hx¿sf nflu ufO{sf] df;';/xx'G5 . aw/Lgf;f -Pp6f 7"nf] uf]?_ sf] df;'af6 afx| jif{;Dd / u}+8fsf] df;'olb rGb|dfsf cg';f/ pgLx¿sf] d[To'jif{df bfg ul/of] eg] o;n] pgLx¿nfO{;wF} g} ;'v zflGtdf /fVb5 . Snf:sf gfds hl8a'6L, s~rgf km"nsf kftx¿/ /ftf] afv|fsf] df;' bfg lbOof] eg] Tof] klg cgGt ;'vbfoL x'G5 . To;sf/0fof] :jefljs xf] ls olb ltdL cfˆgf k"j{hx¿nfO{ cgGt ;'v–zflGt lbgrfxG5f}+ eg] ltdLn] /ftf] afv|fsf] df;' bfg lbg' k5{ .Æ

lxGb" wd{u|Gyn] df+;fxf/sf] cg'dlt lbPsf] eP klg h}g h:tf wd{x¿af6k|efljt eP/ w]/} lxGb"x¿n] zfsfxf/L ef]hg Joj:yf ckgfP .

%= ?v la¿jfdf klg hLjg

s]xL wd{x¿n] z'4 zfsfxf/nfO{ ckgfP lsgls tL wdf{jnDaLx¿k"0f{¿kn] hLj xTofsf lj?4df 5g\ . olb sf]xL hLj–xTof ljgf hLljt /xg;Sb5 eg] hLjgsf] of] dfu{ ckgfpg]df d klxnf] JolQm x'g]5' . klxn]sfdflg;x¿ af]6 la?jfdf hLjg x'Fb}g eGg] ljrf/ /fVby] . af]6 la?jfdf klghLjg x'G5 eGg] s'/f cfh Pp6f ljZjJofkL ;To eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] hLj–xTof ;DaGwdf pgLx¿sf] ts{ z'4 zfsfxf/L eP/ klg k"/f x'g ;Sb}g .

z'4 zfsfxf/L eGg]x¿ la?jfx¿n] kL8f dx;'; gug{] ePsfn] la?jfx¿dfg{' hgfj/x¿nfO{ dfg{'sf] t'ngfdf sd ck/fw xf] eGg] ts{ klg lbG5g\ .cfh lj1fgn] eG5 ls la?jfn] klg kL8fsf] cg'ej ub{5 t/ pgLx¿sf]cfjfh dflg;åf/f ;'Gg ;ls+b}g . o;sf] sf/0f la?jfsf] cfjfh dflg;sf];'Gg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ;LdfeGbf aflx/ x'g' xf] . :j:y >j0fzlQm ePsf] dflg;n]@) x6{hb]lv @),))) x6{heGbf sd jf a9L x'g] s'g} klg j:t'sf] cfjfh;'Gg ;Sb}g . Pp6f s's'/df o:tf] Ifdtf $),))) x6{h;Dd ;'Gg ;Sg]x'G5 . To;} u/L Pp6f r'krfk /x]sf] s's'/sf] Wjlgsf] nx/ @),))) b]lv$),))) x6{h;Dd x'G5 . oL Wjlgx¿nfO{ s's'/n] dfq ;'Gg ;Sb5, dflg;n];Sb}g .

25


cd]l/sfsf] Pp6f ls;fgn] Pp6f d]lzgsf] cfljisf/ u/]sf] 5 h;n]la?jfsf] :j/nfO{ pRr cfjfhdf kl/jlt{t ub{5 h;nfO{ dflg;n] ;'Gg;Sb5 . h'g a]nf la?jf kfgLsfnflu s/fpF5 Tof] ls;fgnfO{ o;sf] t'?Gt1fg x'G5 . jt{dfg cWoogaf6 of] tYo phfu/ x'G5 ls la?jf klg kL8f,b'Mv / ;'vsf] cg'ej ub{5 / Tof] s/fpF5 klg

^= b'O{ OlGb|oaf6 jl~rt k|f0fLsf] xTof sd ck/fw xf]Og

Ps k6s Pp6f zfsfxf/Ln] cfˆgf]] kIfdf ts{ lbof] ls la?jfdf b'O{cyjf tLg OlGb|ox¿ x'G5g\ / hgfj/df kfFr OlGb|ox¿ x'G5g\ . To;}n]la?jfsf] xTof hgfj/sf] xTofsf] t'ngfdf ;fgf] ck/fw xf] . sNkgf ug{'xf];\ls olb s'g} JolQm hGdFb} nf6f] / alx/f] 5 h;n] ubf{ csf{] JolQmsf] t'ngfdfp;sf b'O{ OlGb|o sd x'G5g\ . pm hjfg ePkl5 s;}n] p;sf] xTof ub{5 eg]s] tkfO{+ b'O{ OlGb|o sd ePsf] JolQm df/]sfn] bf]ifLnfO{ sd b08 lbgGofowLznfO{ eGg'x'G5 < jf:tjdf To; ck/fwLn] Ps lgbf{]ifsf] xTof u¥of] .To;}n] p;nfO{ s8feGbf s8f ;hfoF lbgnflu GofowLznfO{ clkn ug{'kb{5 .

kljq s'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5,

æx] dfgj Û wtL{df /x]sf j}w -xÞnfn_ Pj+ kljq j:t'x¿dWo]af6æx] dfgj Û wtL{df /x]sf j}w -xÞnfn_ Pj+ kljq j:t'x¿dWo]af6æx] dfgj Û wtL{df /x]sf j}w -xÞnfn_ Pj+ kljq j:t'x¿dWo]af6æx] dfgj Û wtL{df /x]sf j}w -xÞnfn_ Pj+ kljq j:t'x¿dWo]af6æx] dfgj Û wtL{df /x]sf j}w -xÞnfn_ Pj+ kljq j:t'x¿dWo]af6vfpm ============== .Æ -s'/cfg @M!^*_vfpm ============== .Æ -s'/cfg @M!^*_vfpm ============== .Æ -s'/cfg @M!^*_vfpm ============== .Æ -s'/cfg @M!^*_vfpm ============== .Æ -s'/cfg @M!^*_

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM dflg; h] vfG5 To;sf] k|efj dflg;sf] Jojxf/df kb{5 eGg]s'/f lj1fgaf6 yfxf eO;s]sf] 5 . km]l/ lsg O:nfdn] d';ndfgx¿nfO{df+;fxf/L ef]hg vfg cg'dlt lbG5 < s] hgfj/sf] df;' vfgfn] dflg;lx+;|s / lgb{oL aGg ;Sb}g <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M dflg; h] vfG5 To;sf] k|efj dflg;sf] Jojxf/df kb{5 eGg]s'/f ;xL xf] . of] klg Pp6f sf/0f xf] h;n] ubf{ O:nfdn] l;+x, jf3, lrt'jfh:tf df+zfxf/L hgfj/sf] df;' vfg lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . o:tf hgfj/x¿sf]df;'sf] ;]jgn] JolQmnfO{ lx+;|s / lgb{oL agfpg ;Sb5 . O:nfd e}+;L,afv|f, e]8f cflbh:tf zfsfxf/L, zflGtlk|o / l;wf;fwf hgfj/x¿sf] dfqdf;' vfg cg'dlt lbG5 .

26


kljq s'/cfgdf elgPsf]5,

æhf] pDdL O{zb"t -d'xÞDdb_ sf] cg';/0f u5{g\Ù h;sf u'0fx¿æhf] pDdL O{zb"t -d'xÞDdb_ sf] cg';/0f u5{g\Ù h;sf u'0fx¿æhf] pDdL O{zb"t -d'xÞDdb_ sf] cg';/0f u5{g\Ù h;sf u'0fx¿æhf] pDdL O{zb"t -d'xÞDdb_ sf] cg';/0f u5{g\Ù h;sf u'0fx¿æhf] pDdL O{zb"t -d'xÞDdb_ sf] cg';/0f u5{g\Ù h;sf u'0fx¿ltgLx¿;Fu /x]sf] tf}/ft tyf OGhLndf pNn]lvt 5g\Ù h;n]ltgLx¿;Fu /x]sf] tf}/ft tyf OGhLndf pNn]lvt 5g\Ù h;n]ltgLx¿;Fu /x]sf] tf}/ft tyf OGhLndf pNn]lvt 5g\Ù h;n]ltgLx¿;Fu /x]sf] tf}/ft tyf OGhLndf pNn]lvt 5g\Ù h;n]ltgLx¿;Fu /x]sf] tf}/ft tyf OGhLndf pNn]lvt 5g\Ù h;n]ltgLx¿nfO{ ;Tsd{sf] cfb]z lbG5g\ / s'sd{af6 /f]S5g\ /ltgLx¿nfO{ ;Tsd{sf] cfb]z lbG5g\ / s'sd{af6 /f]S5g\ /ltgLx¿nfO{ ;Tsd{sf] cfb]z lbG5g\ / s'sd{af6 /f]S5g\ /ltgLx¿nfO{ ;Tsd{sf] cfb]z lbG5g\ / s'sd{af6 /f]S5g\ /ltgLx¿nfO{ ;Tsd{sf] cfb]z lbG5g\ / s'sd{af6 /f]S5g\ /kljq j:t'x¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf nflu j}w tyf clkjq j:t'x¿nfO{kljq j:t'x¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf nflu j}w tyf clkjq j:t'x¿nfO{kljq j:t'x¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf nflu j}w tyf clkjq j:t'x¿nfO{kljq j:t'x¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf nflu j}w tyf clkjq j:t'x¿nfO{kljq j:t'x¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf nflu j}w tyf clkjq j:t'x¿nfO{cj}w u5{g\ clg ltgLx¿dfly nflbPsf] af]emnfO{ emf5{g\Ùcj}w u5{g\ clg ltgLx¿dfly nflbPsf] af]emnfO{ emf5{g\Ùcj}w u5{g\ clg ltgLx¿dfly nflbPsf] af]emnfO{ emf5{g\Ùcj}w u5{g\ clg ltgLx¿dfly nflbPsf] af]emnfO{ emf5{g\Ùcj}w u5{g\ clg ltgLx¿dfly nflbPsf] af]emnfO{ emf5{g\ÙTo; aGwgnfO{ vf]N5g\ h;df ltgLx¿ hsl8Psf lyP========= .ÆTo; aGwgnfO{ vf]N5g\ h;df ltgLx¿ hsl8Psf lyP========= .ÆTo; aGwgnfO{ vf]N5g\ h;df ltgLx¿ hsl8Psf lyP========= .ÆTo; aGwgnfO{ vf]N5g\ h;df ltgLx¿ hsl8Psf lyP========= .ÆTo; aGwgnfO{ vf]N5g\ h;df ltgLx¿ hsl8Psf lyP========= .Æ-s'/cfg &M!%&_-s'/cfg &M!%&_-s'/cfg &M!%&_-s'/cfg &M!%&_-s'/cfg &M!%&_

cyf{t\ k}uDa/ dflg;x¿sf nflu tL lrhx¿nfO{ j}w 7x¥ofpF5g\ h'gc;n tyf kljq 5g\ / tL lrhx¿af6 /f]Sb5g\ h'g v/fa / ckljq 5g\ .

To:t} csf{] 7fpFdf elgPsf] 5,

æ==========/;"nn] ltdLx¿nfO{ h]hlt k|bfg u5{g\ To;nfO{ u|x0fæ==========/;"nn] ltdLx¿nfO{ h]hlt k|bfg u5{g\ To;nfO{ u|x0fæ==========/;"nn] ltdLx¿nfO{ h]hlt k|bfg u5{g\ To;nfO{ u|x0fæ==========/;"nn] ltdLx¿nfO{ h]hlt k|bfg u5{g\ To;nfO{ u|x0fæ==========/;"nn] ltdLx¿nfO{ h]hlt k|bfg u5{g\ To;nfO{ u|x0fu/ / h'g s'/faf6 pgn] ltdLx¿nfO{ /f]S5g\ To;af6 cnuu/ / h'g s'/faf6 pgn] ltdLx¿nfO{ /f]S5g\ To;af6 cnuu/ / h'g s'/faf6 pgn] ltdLx¿nfO{ /f]S5g\ To;af6 cnuu/ / h'g s'/faf6 pgn] ltdLx¿nfO{ /f]S5g\ To;af6 cnuu/ / h'g s'/faf6 pgn] ltdLx¿nfO{ /f]S5g\ To;af6 cnu/xg] u/ . /, cNnfxsf] eo u/========= .Æ -s'/cfg %(M&_/xg] u/ . /, cNnfxsf] eo u/========= .Æ -s'/cfg %(M&_/xg] u/ . /, cNnfxsf] eo u/========= .Æ -s'/cfg %(M&_/xg] u/ . /, cNnfxsf] eo u/========= .Æ -s'/cfg %(M&_/xg] u/ . /, cNnfxsf] eo u/========= .Æ -s'/cfg %(M&_

k}uDa/sf] cfb]z Pp6f d';ndfgnfO{ ;Gt'i6 ug{sf nflu kof{Kt 5 .dflg;n] x/]s k|sf/sf df;' vfpmg eGg] O{Zj/ rfxFb}gg\ . To;}n] dflg;x¿nfO{s]xL hgfj/sf] dfq df;' vfg cg'dlt lbPsf] 5 .

df+;fxf/L hgfj/;Fu ;DalGwt ;xLx a'vf/L / ;xLx d'l:nddf jl0f{txbL;x¿df d'xDdb -;=_ n] lgDglnlvt hgfj/sf] df;' vfg dgfxLug{'ePsf]5M–

s_ r'Rrf] bfFt ePsf cyf{t\ la/fnf] k|hfltdf kg{] af3, l;+x, lrt'jf,s's'/, :ofn, AjfF;f] cflb h:tf df+zfxf/L hgfj/x¿Ù

v_ d';f, k+hf ePsf] v/fof] h:tf ljz]if k|sf/sf hdLg vf]tNg] hgfj/x¿Ù

u_ ltvf] r'Rrf] / k~hfåf/f lzsf/ ug{] lu4, rLn, sfu, pNn" cflb h:tfr/fx¿Ù

3_ ;fFk, uf]xL h:tf 3;|]/ lx+8\g] hgfj/x¿

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM O:nfddf ;'Fu'/sf] df;' vfg lsg dgfxL ul/Psf] xf] <

27


pQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/M O:nfddf ;'Fu'/sf] df;' cj}w ePsf] jf:tljstfaf6 ;a} kl/lrt5g\ . s'/cfgdf sd ;] sd rf/ 7fpFdf ;F'u'/sf] df;'sf] k|ofu cj}w / lgif]wul/Psf] 5 . o; s'/fnfO{ tkfO{+n] s'/cfgsf] @M!&#, %M#, ^M!$% / !^M!!%df x]g{ ;Sg'x'G5 . kljq s'/cfgsf] lgDg cfot O:nfddf ;F'u'/sf] df;'nfO{lsg cj}w ul/Psf] xf] eGg] s'/f :ki6 kfg{ kof{Kt x'G5 .

æd/]sf -hgfj/x¿_, /ut, ;'+u'/sf] df;', cNnfxafx]s c¿æd/]sf -hgfj/x¿_, /ut, ;'+u'/sf] df;', cNnfxafx]s c¿æd/]sf -hgfj/x¿_, /ut, ;'+u'/sf] df;', cNnfxafx]s c¿æd/]sf -hgfj/x¿_, /ut, ;'+u'/sf] df;', cNnfxafx]s c¿æd/]sf -hgfj/x¿_, /ut, ;'+u'/sf] df;', cNnfxafx]s c¿s;}sf] gfd lnOPsf -hgfj/_, 3fF6L lyr]/ dfl/Psf, rf]6k6sn]s;}sf] gfd lnOPsf -hgfj/_, 3fF6L lyr]/ dfl/Psf, rf]6k6sn]s;}sf] gfd lnOPsf -hgfj/_, 3fF6L lyr]/ dfl/Psf, rf]6k6sn]s;}sf] gfd lnOPsf -hgfj/_, 3fF6L lyr]/ dfl/Psf, rf]6k6sn]s;}sf] gfd lnOPsf -hgfj/_, 3fF6L lyr]/ dfl/Psf, rf]6k6sn]d/]sf, dflyaf6 n8]/ d/]sf, l;ª nfu]/ d/]sf / s'g} lx+;|sd/]sf, dflyaf6 n8]/ d/]sf, l;ª nfu]/ d/]sf / s'g} lx+;|sd/]sf, dflyaf6 n8]/ d/]sf, l;ª nfu]/ d/]sf / s'g} lx+;|sd/]sf, dflyaf6 n8]/ d/]sf, l;ª nfu]/ d/]sf / s'g} lx+;|sd/]sf, dflyaf6 n8]/ d/]sf, l;ª nfu]/ d/]sf / s'g} lx+;|shgfj/n] vfPsf hgfj/x¿ ltdLx¿sfnflu cj}w ul/Psfhgfj/n] vfPsf hgfj/x¿ ltdLx¿sfnflu cj}w ul/Psfhgfj/n] vfPsf hgfj/x¿ ltdLx¿sfnflu cj}w ul/Psfhgfj/n] vfPsf hgfj/x¿ ltdLx¿sfnflu cj}w ul/Psfhgfj/n] vfPsf hgfj/x¿ ltdLx¿sfnflu cj}w ul/Psf5g\============= .Æ -s'/cfg %M#_5g\============= .Æ -s'/cfg %M#_5g\============= .Æ -s'/cfg %M#_5g\============= .Æ -s'/cfg %M#_5g\============= .Æ -s'/cfg %M#_

;F'u'/sf] df;' cj}w ePsf] s'/f s'/cfgdf dfq xf]Og afOandf ;d]tpNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . O;fO{x¿nfO{ wfld{s u|Gy afOansf] ;Gbe{ atfpFb};'Fu'/sf] df;' cj}w ePsf] s'/f ;+emfpg ;lsG5 . afOandf o;sf] lgif]wsf]pNn]v n}Jo Joj:yf (Book of Leviticus) df ePsf] 5M–

æ;F'u'/ h'g lrl/Psf cyf{t\ kmf6]sf v'/ ePsf] x'G5 t/ p3|fpg]æ;F'u'/ h'g lrl/Psf cyf{t\ kmf6]sf v'/ ePsf] x'G5 t/ p3|fpg]æ;F'u'/ h'g lrl/Psf cyf{t\ kmf6]sf v'/ ePsf] x'G5 t/ p3|fpg]æ;F'u'/ h'g lrl/Psf cyf{t\ kmf6]sf v'/ ePsf] x'G5 t/ p3|fpg]æ;F'u'/ h'g lrl/Psf cyf{t\ kmf6]sf v'/ ePsf] x'G5 t/ p3|fpg]-kfu'/_ ub{}g To;sf/0f Tof] ltd|fnflu cz'4 5 . o;sf]-kfu'/_ ub{}g To;sf/0f Tof] ltd|fnflu cz'4 5 . o;sf]-kfu'/_ ub{}g To;sf/0f Tof] ltd|fnflu cz'4 5 . o;sf]-kfu'/_ ub{}g To;sf/0f Tof] ltd|fnflu cz'4 5 . o;sf]-kfu'/_ ub{}g To;sf/0f Tof] ltd|fnflu cz'4 5 . o;sf]df;'dWo]af6 s]xL gvfg" / To;sf] nf]y klg g5'g", of] ltd|fnfludf;'dWo]af6 s]xL gvfg" / To;sf] nf]y klg g5'g", of] ltd|fnfludf;'dWo]af6 s]xL gvfg" / To;sf] nf]y klg g5'g", of] ltd|fnfludf;'dWo]af6 s]xL gvfg" / To;sf] nf]y klg g5'g", of] ltd|fnfludf;'dWo]af6 s]xL gvfg" / To;sf] nf]y klg g5'g", of] ltd|fnflucz'4 5 .Æ -n}Jo Joj:yf !!÷&–*_cz'4 5 .Æ -n}Jo Joj:yf !!÷&–*_cz'4 5 .Æ -n}Jo Joj:yf !!÷&–*_cz'4 5 .Æ -n}Jo Joj:yf !!÷&–*_cz'4 5 .Æ -n}Jo Joj:yf !!÷&–*_

o;/L g} afOansf] Aoj:yf ljj/0f (Book of Deuteronomy) df klg;F'u'/sf] df;' lgif]w ePsf] pNn]v 5 .

æclg ;F'u'/ h'g lrl/Psf v'/sf] x'G5 . t/ æclg ;F'u'/ h'g lrl/Psf v'/sf] x'G5 . t/ æclg ;F'u'/ h'g lrl/Psf v'/sf] x'G5 . t/ æclg ;F'u'/ h'g lrl/Psf v'/sf] x'G5 . t/ æclg ;F'u'/ h'g lrl/Psf v'/sf] x'G5 . t/ p3|fpg] p3|fpg] p3|fpg] p3|fpg] p3|fpg] -kfu'/_ ub{}g-kfu'/_ ub{}g-kfu'/_ ub{}g-kfu'/_ ub{}g-kfu'/_ ub{}go;sf/0f Tof] ltd|fnflu cz'4 5 . ltdLn] To;sf] df;' klgo;sf/0f Tof] ltd|fnflu cz'4 5 . ltdLn] To;sf] df;' klgo;sf/0f Tof] ltd|fnflu cz'4 5 . ltdLn] To;sf] df;' klgo;sf/0f Tof] ltd|fnflu cz'4 5 . ltdLn] To;sf] df;' klgo;sf/0f Tof] ltd|fnflu cz'4 5 . ltdLn] To;sf] df;' klggvfg" / To;sf] nf]y klg g5'g" .Æ -!$÷*_gvfg" / To;sf] nf]y klg g5'g" .Æ -!$÷*_gvfg" / To;sf] nf]y klg g5'g" .Æ -!$÷*_gvfg" / To;sf] nf]y klg g5'g" .Æ -!$÷*_gvfg" / To;sf] nf]y klg g5'g" .Æ -!$÷*_

O;fO{x¿afx]s cGo u}/–d'l:ndx¿ ;F'u'/sf] df;' cj}w ePsf] ;DaGwdfa'l4, ts{ / lj1fgsf] ;Gbe{af6 dfq ;+t'i6 x'g ;S5g\ . ;F'u'/sf] df;'af6sd;]sd ;Q/L lsl;dsf ljleGg /f]ux¿ hGd lnG5g\ . s'g} JolQmsf] z/L/dfljleGg k|sf/sf h'sfx¿ (Helminthes) x'g ;Sb5g\, h:t}M uf]nfsf/ h'sf,gfDn] ls/f cflb . ;aeGbf a9L 3fts gfDn] ls/f (Tape worm) xf] . of] w]/}

28


nfdf] x'G5 / cfGb|fdf /xG5 . o;sf] k'mn /utdf ldl;P/ z/L/sf nueu;Dk"0f{ c+udf k'Ub5 . olb of] ls/f dl:tisdf k'Uof] eg] dflg;sf] :d/0fzlQm ;dfKt x'G5 . olb of] d'6'df k'Uof] eg] x[boult aGb x'g'sf] sf/0faGb5 . olb of] cfFvfdf k'Uof] eg] o;n] dflg;sf] b]Vg] zlQm ;dfKt ul/lbG5 .olb of] d'6'df k'Uof] eg] To;n] 7"nf] Iflt k'¥ofpF5 . o;/L of] ls/fn] z/L/dfljleGg c+ux¿sf] Iflt k'¥ofpg] Ifdtf /fVb5 . gfDn] ls/f (Tape worm) jfTaenia Solium afx]s csf{] 3fts ls/f Trichura Tichurasis xf] .

olb ;'Fu'/sf] df;'nfO{ /fd|f];Fu ksfof] eg] df;'leq km:6fO/x]sfls/fx¿sf c08f gi6 x'G5g\ eGg] e|d /x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfdf ul/Psf] Pp6flrlsT;sLo zf]w cg';f/ Trichura Tichurasis sf] lzsf/ ePsf rf}la;JolQmx¿dWo] afO; hgfn] ;F'u'/sf] df;' /fd|/L ksfP/ vfg] u/]sf] tYok|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . o;af6 of] k|:6 x'G5 ls ;fdfGo tfkqmddf ;F'u'/sf]df;' ksfpgfn] oL 3fts ls/fx¿sf c08f gi6 x'g ;Sb}gg\ .

;F'u'/sf] df;'df df+;k]zLnfO{ dha't kfg{] tTj Hofb} sd x'G5g\,o;sf] ljkl/t df]6f]kg k}bf ug{] tTj clws dfqfdf /x]sf] x'G5 . df]6f]kgpTkGg ug{] of] tTj /utsf gzfx¿df k|j]z ub{5 tyf pRr /Qmrfk tyfx[bo3ftsf] sf/0f aGb5 . o;df s'g} cfZro{sf] s'/f 5}g ls krf; k|ltzteGbfa9L cd]l/sL cToGt dfgl;s tgfj -xfOk/6]Gzg_ sf] lzsf/ 5g\ . o;sf]d'Vo sf/0f of] xf] ls pgLx¿ ;F'u'/sf] df;'sf] k|of]u ub{5g\ .

k[YjLdf kfOg] hgfj/x¿dWo] ;'Fu'/ ;aeGbf kmf]xf]/L hgfj/ xf] . of]dflg; / cGo hgfj/x¿sf] z/L/af6 lgl:sPsf] kmf]xf]/ -dnd'q_ vfP/afFRb5 / x's{G5–a9\5 . o; hgfj/nfO{ O{Zj/n] cfˆgf]] wlt{df kmf]xf]/ ;kmfug{] p2]Zon] k}bf u/]sf x'g\ . dflg;sf nflu cfw'lgs zf}rfno gePsf ufpF/ b'u{d :yfgx¿df dflg;x¿ v]t, af/L h+unh:tf v'nf jftfj/0fdf lb;f,lk;fa -zf}r_ ub{5g\ / k|foMh;f] ;F'u'/n] g} To; kmf]xf]/nfO{ ;kmf ub{5 . s]xLdflg;x¿sf] ts{ cg';f/ ci6]«lnofh:tf s]xL b]zx¿df Hofb} ;kmf ;'U3/sf;fy :jf:Yo ;'/IffnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cg's'n jftfj/0fdf ;'Fu'/sf] kfngkf]if0ful/G5 . :jf:Yo ;'/Iffsf] b[li6df /fv]/ cg's'n / :jR5 jftfj/0fdf ;'Fu'/nfO{/fVg' /fd|f] s'/f xf] . tkfO{+ To;nfO{ :jR5 / ;kmf /fVg hlt;'s} sf]lz;

29


ug{'xf];\ t/ jf:tljstf of] 5 ls k|fs[lts ¿kaf6 p;leq kmf]xf]/ dgk/fpg] cfbt /lx/xG5 . To;sf/0f To;n] cfˆgf]] / cGo ;'Fu'/sf] z/L/af6lgl:sPsf] kmf]x/ vfg r'Sb}g .

o; k[YjLdf kfOg] hgfj/x¿dWo] ;F'u'/ ;aeGbf lgn{Hh hgfj/ xf] .of] dfq Pp6f o:tf] hgfj/ xf] h;n] cfˆgf ;fyLx¿nfO{ af]nfP/ cfˆgf]]kf]yL;Fu of}g OR5f k"/f ug{ nufpF5 . cd]l/sfdf k|foM dflg;x¿ ;'Fu'/sf]df;' vfG5g\ h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k s}og k6s 8fG; kf6L{ ;lsPkl5 Ps/ftsfnflu cfˆgf kTgLx¿ ;f6f;f6 u/L of}g OR5f k"/f ug{] ub{5 . ;'Fu'/sf] df;'vfgfn] To;sf] Psbd lgn{Hh cfbt dflg;df pTkGg ePsf] xf] . ef/tsf7"nf zx/x¿df ;d]t kTgL ;f6f;f6 ug{] l3gnfUbf] / nHhfk"0f{ k|yf pRr /;DkGg egfpFbf ju{x¿df ;fdfGo x'g yfn]sf] s'/f Isaland gfds klqsfsf]Pp6f n]vdf pNn]v ePsf] 5 .

5f]6s/Ldf eGg' kbf{ O:nfddf ;'Fu'/sf] df;'nfO{ cj}w dfGg'sf sf/0fx¿o;k|sf/ 5g\ –

s_ ;'Fu'/sf] df;' w]/} /f]ux¿sf] sf/0f xf] .

v_ ;'Fu'/sf] df;'df z/L/ dha"t kfg{] tTjsf] sdL / df]6f]kg a9fpg]tTjsf] afx'Notf x'G5 .

u_ ;'Fu'/ ;aeGbf kmf]xf]/L hgfj/ xf] .

3_ ;'Fu'/ ;aeGbf lgn{Hh hgfj/ ePsfn] To;sf] df;' vfg] dflg;dfTo:t} :jefj pTkGg x'g ;Sb5 .

30


&= sfafsf] k"hf

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM O:nfd d"lt{ k"hfsf] lj?4df 5 tfklg o;sf] s] sf/0f xf] lsd';ndfgx¿ cfˆgf]] gdfh -k|fy{gf_ df sfaf lt/ e'mS5g\ / To;sf] k"hfub{5g\ <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M sfaf lsnf xf] cyf{t\ Tof] lbzf htf d';ndfgx¿ gdfhsf];dodf cfˆgf]] cg'xf/ kmsf{pF5g\ . d';ndfgx¿ sfaflt/ cg'xf/ kmsf{pF5g\tyflk pgLx¿ sfafsf] k"hf ub{}gg\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'g'kb{5 . d';ndfgx¿Ps O{Zj/afx]s c¿ s;}sf] k"hf ub{}gg\ / c¿ s;}sf] cufl8 e'mSbf klge'mSb}gg\ . s'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5,

æ-x] gaL Û_ ltdLn] 3l/–3l/ cfsfzlt/ cg'xf/ kmsf{P/ x]/]sf]æ-x] gaL Û_ ltdLn] 3l/–3l/ cfsfzlt/ cg'xf/ kmsf{P/ x]/]sf]æ-x] gaL Û_ ltdLn] 3l/–3l/ cfsfzlt/ cg'xf/ kmsf{P/ x]/]sf]æ-x] gaL Û_ ltdLn] 3l/–3l/ cfsfzlt/ cg'xf/ kmsf{P/ x]/]sf]æ-x] gaL Û_ ltdLn] 3l/–3l/ cfsfzlt/ cg'xf/ kmsf{P/ x]/]sf]xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . lgZro g} xfdL ltd|f] cg'xf/nfO{ ltdLnfO{xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . lgZro g} xfdL ltd|f] cg'xf/nfO{ ltdLnfO{xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . lgZro g} xfdL ltd|f] cg'xf/nfO{ ltdLnfO{xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . lgZro g} xfdL ltd|f] cg'xf/nfO{ ltdLnfO{xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . lgZro g} xfdL ltd|f] cg'xf/nfO{ ltdLnfO{dg kg]{ ælsÞAnfÆ lt/ g} kmsf{Olbg]5f}+ . nf} t cfˆgf] cg'xf/nfO{dg kg]{ ælsÞAnfÆ lt/ g} kmsf{Olbg]5f}+ . nf} t cfˆgf] cg'xf/nfO{dg kg]{ ælsÞAnfÆ lt/ g} kmsf{Olbg]5f}+ . nf} t cfˆgf] cg'xf/nfO{dg kg]{ ælsÞAnfÆ lt/ g} kmsf{Olbg]5f}+ . nf} t cfˆgf] cg'xf/nfO{dg kg]{ ælsÞAnfÆ lt/ g} kmsf{Olbg]5f}+ . nf} t cfˆgf] cg'xf/nfO{dl:hb] xÞ/fd -cyf{t\ sfc\Þaf_ lt/ kmsf{pm . -x] cf:yfjfgx¿dl:hb] xÞ/fd -cyf{t\ sfc\Þaf_ lt/ kmsf{pm . -x] cf:yfjfgx¿dl:hb] xÞ/fd -cyf{t\ sfc\Þaf_ lt/ kmsf{pm . -x] cf:yfjfgx¿dl:hb] xÞ/fd -cyf{t\ sfc\Þaf_ lt/ kmsf{pm . -x] cf:yfjfgx¿dl:hb] xÞ/fd -cyf{t\ sfc\Þaf_ lt/ kmsf{pm . -x] cf:yfjfgx¿xf] Û_ ltdLx¿ hxfF;'s} eP klg cfˆgf] cg'xf/ -gdfhÞdf_xf] Û_ ltdLx¿ hxfF;'s} eP klg cfˆgf] cg'xf/ -gdfhÞdf_xf] Û_ ltdLx¿ hxfF;'s} eP klg cfˆgf] cg'xf/ -gdfhÞdf_xf] Û_ ltdLx¿ hxfF;'s} eP klg cfˆgf] cg'xf/ -gdfhÞdf_xf] Û_ ltdLx¿ hxfF;'s} eP klg cfˆgf] cg'xf/ -gdfhÞdf_To;}tkm{ u/ . cXn]–lstfanfO{ of] -lsÞAnf kl/jt{g_ ltgLx¿sfTo;}tkm{ u/ . cXn]–lstfanfO{ of] -lsÞAnf kl/jt{g_ ltgLx¿sfTo;}tkm{ u/ . cXn]–lstfanfO{ of] -lsÞAnf kl/jt{g_ ltgLx¿sfTo;}tkm{ u/ . cXn]–lstfanfO{ of] -lsÞAnf kl/jt{g_ ltgLx¿sfTo;}tkm{ u/ . cXn]–lstfanfO{ of] -lsÞAnf kl/jt{g_ ltgLx¿sfkfngstf{sf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] xf]============== .Æ -s'/cfg @M!$$_kfngstf{sf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] xf]============== .Æ -s'/cfg @M!$$_kfngstf{sf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] xf]============== .Æ -s'/cfg @M!$$_kfngstf{sf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] xf]============== .Æ -s'/cfg @M!$$_kfngstf{sf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] xf]============== .Æ -s'/cfg @M!$$_

pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf d';ndfgx¿ gdfh k9\bf s]xLn] pQ/lt/ d'vkmsf{pg] / s]xLn] blIf0flt/ d'v kmsf{pg] ;+efjgf lyof] . Ps dfq jf:tljs:jfdLsf] elQmdf d';ndfgx¿nfO{ ;+ul7t ug{sf nflu pgLx¿ hxfF;'s}eP klg cfˆgf]] cg'xf/ ;dfg lbzf sfaflt/ g} u¿g\ eGg] cfb]z lbOof] .o;k|sf/ sfafsf] klZrd /xg] d'ndfgx¿n] k"j{lt/ cfˆgf] ] cg'xf/kmsf{pg'kb{5 eg] sfafsf] k"j{ /xg] d';ndfgx¿n] klZrdlt/ cfˆgf]] cg'xf/kmsf{pg'kb{5 .

d';ndfgx¿ ha dSsf l:yt dl:hb]–x/fd -k|ltli7t dl:hb_ hfG5g\ta To;sf] kl/qmdf -tjfkm_ ub{5g\ . of] sfo{ Ps O{Zj/df ljZjf; /fVg]/ Ps} O{Zj/sf] pkf;gf ug{'sf] k|ltsfTds k|bz{g xf] . h;/L j[Qfsf/If]qsf] Pp6f s]Gb|Lo laGb' x'G5 To;/L g} O{Zj/ klg Ps dfq 5g\ hf]k"hgLo 5g\ .

31


sfafdf /flvPsf] æxh\/]–c:jbÆ -sfnf kTy/_ ;Fu ;DalGwt bf]>f]O:nfdL zf;s pd/ -/lh=_ åf/f Pp6f syg pNn]v ul/Psf]5 . xbL;sf]k|l;4 k':ts …;lxx a'vf/LÚ bf]>f] efusf] cWofo xh, kf7 %^ xbL; g+= ^&%sf cg';f/ pd/ -/lh=_n] eGg'eof],

ædnfO{ yfxf 5 ltdL Pp6f kTy/ xf} . g ltdL s;}nfO{ kmfObfædnfO{ yfxf 5 ltdL Pp6f kTy/ xf} . g ltdL s;}nfO{ kmfObfædnfO{ yfxf 5 ltdL Pp6f kTy/ xf} . g ltdL s;}nfO{ kmfObfædnfO{ yfxf 5 ltdL Pp6f kTy/ xf} . g ltdL s;}nfO{ kmfObfædnfO{ yfxf 5 ltdL Pp6f kTy/ xf} . g ltdL s;}nfO{ kmfObfk'¥ofpg ;S5f}+ / g gf]S;fg g} / d}n] cNnfxsf /;"n d'xDdbk'¥ofpg ;S5f}+ / g gf]S;fg g} / d}n] cNnfxsf /;"n d'xDdbk'¥ofpg ;S5f}+ / g gf]S;fg g} / d}n] cNnfxsf /;"n d'xDdbk'¥ofpg ;S5f}+ / g gf]S;fg g} / d}n] cNnfxsf /;"n d'xDdbk'¥ofpg ;S5f}+ / g gf]S;fg g} / d}n] cNnfxsf /;"n d'xDdb;NnNnfx' cn}lx j ;Nnd n] ltdLnfO{ 5F'b} -/ r'Db}_ u/]sf];NnNnfx' cn}lx j ;Nnd n] ltdLnfO{ 5F'b} -/ r'Db}_ u/]sf];NnNnfx' cn}lx j ;Nnd n] ltdLnfO{ 5F'b} -/ r'Db}_ u/]sf];NnNnfx' cn}lx j ;Nnd n] ltdLnfO{ 5F'b} -/ r'Db}_ u/]sf];NnNnfx' cn}lx j ;Nnd n] ltdLnfO{ 5F'b} -/ r'Db}_ u/]sf]gb]v]sf] eP d slxNo} klg ltdLnfO{ 5'g] -r'Dg]_ lyOg .Ægb]v]sf] eP d slxNo} klg ltdLnfO{ 5'g] -r'Dg]_ lyOg .Ægb]v]sf] eP d slxNo} klg ltdLnfO{ 5'g] -r'Dg]_ lyOg .Ægb]v]sf] eP d slxNo} klg ltdLnfO{ 5'g] -r'Dg]_ lyOg .Ægb]v]sf] eP d slxNo} klg ltdLnfO{ 5'g] -r'Dg]_ lyOg .Æ

cNnfxsf /;"n d'xDdb -;=_ sf ;dodf dflg;x¿ sfafdf r9]/chfg -gdfhsf nflu 8fSg'_ lbGy] eGg] s'/f Oltxf;af6 l;4 ePsf] 5 . cad';ndfg sfafsf] pkf;gf ub{5g\ eGg] cf/f]k nufpg]x¿;Fu ;f]Wg' kb{5 lss'g rflxF d"lt{k"hs d"lt{df r9]/ pleG5 <

32


*= u}/–d'l:ndnfO{ dSsf k|j]zdf /f]s

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM u}/–d'l:ndx¿nfO{ dSsf / dbLgfdf hfg] cg'dlt lsg lbOFb}g <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M O:nfdL wd{ljwfg -z/Lct_ cg';f/ u}/–d'l:ndx¿nfO{ dSsf /dbLgf hfg] cg'dlt lbOFb}g eGg] s'/f ;xL xf] . o; ;DaGwdf tkfO{+ eGg'xf];\s] s'g} b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ gful/snfO{ b]zsf ;a} :yfg jf sfof{no k|j]zdf k"0f{:jtGqtf x'G5 < cjZo x'Fb}g eGg] hjfkm cfpF5 lsgls x/]s b]zdf o:tfs]xL :yfgx¿ x'G5g\ hxfF ;fdfGo gful/snfO{ k|j]z ug{] cg'dlt x'Fb}g .o;sf] pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf kmf}hL -;}lgs_ OnfsfnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . To:tf7fpFdf tL gful/snfO{ dfq k|j]zsf] cg'dlt x'G5 hf] ;'/Iff jf To;;Fu;DalGwt / /Iff ljefu;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .

O:nfd Pp6f ljZjJofkL wd{ xf] h'g ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/ / ;Dk"0f{ dfgjtfsf

nflu xf] . wfld{s b[li6af6 x]g{] xf] eg] O:nfdsf kmf}hL If]q b'O{ kljq:yfgx¿ …dSsf / dbLgfÚ x'g\ . O:nfddf ljZjf; /fVg] / O:nfdsf] ;'/Iffdfnfu]sf JolQm jf d';ndfgx¿nfO{ dfq oL b'O{ 7fpFdf k|j]z ug{] cg'dltx'G5 . h;/L ;fdfGo gful/sn] kmf}hL If]qdf k|j]z lgif]wk|lt cfklQ ug{' a'l4

/ ljj]slj?4 x'G5 To;/L g} O:nfddf ljZjf; g/fVg]x¿n] klg dSsf /dbLgfdf u}/–d'l:ndx¿sf] k|j]z lgif]wk|lt cfklQ k|s6 ug{' / To;nfO{ dfGg'cg'lrt x'G5 .

s'g} JolQm ha s'g} b]zsf] ofqfsf] OR5f ub{5 eg] p;n] ;aeGbfklxn] pQm b]z k|j]zsf] k|j]iff1f (Visa) k|fKt ug{sf nflu lgj]bg ug{'kb{5 .

k|To]s b]zsf] cfˆg} k|sf/sf lgod, sfg"g x'g] ePsfn] ;Gtf]ifk|b 9+uaf6lgodx¿nfO{ k"/f gu/];Dd k|j]iff1f hf/L x'Fb}g . k|j]iff1f lbg s7f]/tf b]vfpg]d'n'sx¿dWo] cd]l/sf Ps xf] . ljz]if u/L ha k|j]iff1f t]>f] d'n'ssf] s'g}

b]zsf] gful/ssf nflu hf/L ug{'5 eg] cd]l/sfsf] tkm{af6 k|j]iff1f hf/Lug{'k"j{ cg]sf}++ lgod / zt{x¿ k"/f u/fOG5 . l;+ufk'/df t cWofudg kmf/ddfg} ædfbs kbfy{sf] Joj;fo ug{]x¿sf nflu d[To'b08 ;hfoF 5Æ eGg] n]lvPsf]

x'G5 . olb xfdLnfO{ l;+ufk'/ hfg'5 eg] xfdLn] tL sfg"gx¿sf] kfngf

33


ug{'k5{ . d[To'b08sf] ;hfoF qm'/tfdf cfwfl/t 5 eg]/ xfdL eGg ;Sb}gf}+ .

olb xfdL tL lgod / zt{x¿;Fu ;xdt 5f}+ eg] dfq xfdLnfO{ OR5f cg';f/;DalGwt b]z hfg] cg'dlt lbg ;lsG5 .

dSsf / dbLgfdf k|j]zsf nflu cfwf/e"t zt{

ænf Onfx ONnNnfx\ d'xDdb'/{;"n'NnfÆ ænf Onfx ONnNnfx\ d'xDdb'/{;"n'NnfÆ ænf Onfx ONnNnfx\ d'xDdb'/{;"n'NnfÆ ænf Onfx ONnNnfx\ d'xDdb'/{;"n'NnfÆ ænf Onfx ONnNnfx\ d'xDdb'/{;"n'NnfÆ k9\g' xf]– h;sf] cy{x'G5 æcNnfxafx]s c¿ sf]xL k"Ho 5}g / d'xDdb pgsf

;Gb]zjfxs x'g\ .Æ

34


(= /S;L cj}w -jlh{t_

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM O:nfddf /S;L lsg cj}w -x/fd_ 5 <

pQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/M /S;L dfgjhfltsf nflu ;w}+ Ps clezfk /x]sf] 5 . o;sf];]jgaf6 w]/} dflg;x¿sf] d[To' x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] ;]jg ;+;f/el/sfnfvf}+ dflg;x¿sf nlfu b'Mv / kL8fsf] sf/0f aGb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . dlb/fdfgj ;dfhdf cfOkg{] ljleGg si6x¿sf] ;f+;fl/s sf/0f /x]sf] 5 . h;/Lck/fwsf] b/ lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5, dflg;x¿sf] dfgl;s /f]ux¿sf]a9f]Q/L eO/x]sf] 5 / nfvf}+ dflg;x¿sf] kfl/jfl/s hLjg l5GgleGg eO/x]sf]5, oL ;a}sf k5fl8 /S;Lsf] df}g ljWj+;sf/L zlQm sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 .

kljq s'/cfgdf lgDg lnlvt cfotdf /S;LnfO{ lgif]wsf] pNn]vul/Psf]M–

æx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û dlb/f, h'jf, yfg, tL/ -xfg]/ efUo kQfæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û dlb/f, h'jf, yfg, tL/ -xfg]/ efUo kQfæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û dlb/f, h'jf, yfg, tL/ -xfg]/ efUo kQfæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û dlb/f, h'jf, yfg, tL/ -xfg]/ efUo kQfæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û dlb/f, h'jf, yfg, tL/ -xfg]/ efUo kQfnufpg] sfo{_ oL ;a} clt 3[l0ft z}tfgL sfo{x¿ x'g\ . logaf6nufpg] sfo{_ oL ;a} clt 3[l0ft z}tfgL sfo{x¿ x'g\ . logaf6nufpg] sfo{_ oL ;a} clt 3[l0ft z}tfgL sfo{x¿ x'g\ . logaf6nufpg] sfo{_ oL ;a} clt 3[l0ft z}tfgL sfo{x¿ x'g\ . logaf6nufpg] sfo{_ oL ;a} clt 3[l0ft z}tfgL sfo{x¿ x'g\ . logaf6ar tfls ;kmn xf]pm .Æ -s'/cfg %M()_ar tfls ;kmn xf]pm .Æ -s'/cfg %M()_ar tfls ;kmn xf]pm .Æ -s'/cfg %M()_ar tfls ;kmn xf]pm .Æ -s'/cfg %M()_ar tfls ;kmn xf]pm .Æ -s'/cfg %M()_

To:t} afOandf klg /S;L ;]jgnfO{ cj}w dflgPsf] 5 M–

s_ æbfvdw', 7§f ug{] / dlb/f xNnf drfpg] x'g\ hf] sf]xL To;sf] sf/0fe"n u5{, pm a'l4dfg\ xf]Og .Æ -gLlt jrg @)÷!_

v_ æ/S;Ln] dflQg] gag .Æ -Okml;of] %÷!*_

O:nfddf /S;LnfO{ cj}w -jlh{t_ ug{'sf s]xL k|d'v sf/0fx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\M–

!= /S;Ln] dflg;sf] ;xgzlQmnfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpF5

dflg;sf] dl:tisdf Pp6f cj/f]ws s]Gb| (Inhibitory Center) x'G5 .o;n] dflg;nfO{ unt sfo{af6 /f]Sb5 . h:t} o; s]Gb|n] dflg;nfO{ cfˆgfdftflktf jf 7"nfj8f;Fu s'/f ubf{ ufnL unf}h tyf ckzAb k|of]u ug{af6/f]S5 . s'g} dflg;nfO{ c¿ dflg;sf] cufl8 zf}r gu/L zf}rfnosf] k|of]uug{ o;} s]Gb|n] afWo agfpF5 . ha s'g} JolQmn] /S;Lsf] k|of]u ub{5 tap;sf] of] cj/f]ws s]Gb|sf] cj/f]w ug{] zlQm gfz x'G5 . To;}n] /S;Lh:tf

35


kbfy{df lnKt JolQmn] k|foM p;sf] lgoldt cfbt tyf u'0feGbf Psbdkm/s Jojxf/ b]vfpg] ub{5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf p;n] cfkm"eGbf 7"nf;Fu jfcfb/0fLo JolQm;Fu klg clt tNnf] :t/sf ufnLsf zAb k|of]u ug{] ub{5 ./S;Ln] s'g} s'g} dflQPsf JolQmn] t sk8fdf g} lbzf, lk;fa ug{], 7Ls;Fulx+8\g / af]Ng g;Sg] / ;a} sk8f vf]n]/ gfË} x'g]h:tf 3[l0ft s[ofsnfk;d]tb]vfpg] ub{5 .

@= /S;L lkpg]x¿af6} Jolerf/sf 36gfx¿ x'g] ub{5g\

;+;f/df hlt klg Jolerf/, anfTsf/, cfkmGt aLrsf] of}g;DaGw /P8\; h:tf] eofgs /f]usf] k|;f/ ;a} k|foM /S;Ls} sf/0faf6 x'g] ub{5g\ .National Crime Victimization Survey Bureau of Justice (U.S. Department

of Justice) sf cg';f/ ;g\ !((^ df k|To]s lbg @&!# j6f anfTsf/sf36gfx¿ eP . cf+s8f cg';f/ clwsf+z oL 36gfx¿ /S;Ln] dflQPsf]cj:yfsf dflg;x¿af6 g} ePsf lyP . dlxnfdfly b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gf k|foM/S;L lkpg]x¿af6 g} x'g] ub{5 . tYofFs cg';f/ *Ü cd]l/sLx¿ cfdf–afa',efO–alxgLh:tf kljq gftf ePsf JolQmx¿;Fusf] of}g ;DaGwdf lnKt x'g]ub{5g\ . o;sf] cy{ k|To]s !@÷!# hgfdWo] Ps cd]l/sL cfˆg} glhssfkljq gftf kg{] JolQm;Fusf] of}g ;DaGwdf lnKt x'g] ub{5 . o;k|sf/sfw]/}h;f] 36gfdf dlxnf / k'?if b'a} jf b'O{dWo] Ps /S;Ln] a]xf];Lsf] cj:yfdfx'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . eofgs /f]u P8\; km}lng'sf] d'Vo sf/0f /S;Lsf];]jg g} xf] . /S;L lkP/ a]xf];Lsf] cj:yfdf hxfF;'s}, hf];'s} aLr c;'/lIftof}g ;DaGw /fVgfn] P8\; km}lnPsf] xf] .

k|To]s JolQm z'?df cfkm" sd lkpg] jf ;f]l;on l8+«s/ ePsf] / lkpg]nt gePsf] bfaL u5{ . zf]wstf{x¿sf cg';f/ k|To]s JolQm z'?df t;f]l;on l8+«s/ g} x'G5 t/ /S;L lkpg] qmddf Ps k6s klg dbd:t ePsf]x'Fb}g eg]/ eGg ;ls+b}g . To:tf] gzfsf] cj:yfdf p;n] cj:o s'g} g s'g}c:jefljs Jojxf/ b]vfPs} x'G5 . dfgf}+ s'g} JolQm Ps k6s dfq eP klg/S;L lkP/ dflQof] / To; cj:yfdf p;n] anfTsf/ jf To:t} c¿ s'g}h3Go ck/fw ug{ k'Uof] eg] pQm ;/n :jefj ePsf] JolQmn] cfˆgf]] s's[Tok|ltv]b / kZrftfk ub{} hLjg latfpg' kg{] x'G5 . p;n] lhGbuLel/ ck/fwsf]

36


af]em af]Sg' kg{] x'G5 . kLl8t JolQmsf] kL8f tyf Ifltsf] k"lt{ s'g} k|sf/n]klg ;Dej x'g ;Sb}g .

#= d'xDdb -;=_ n] klg /S;LnfO{ cj}w eGg'ePsf] 5 .

cNnfxsf /;"n d'xDdb -;=_ eGg'x'G5M–

æ;Dk"0f{ v/faLsf] h8 /S;L xf] / lgn{Hhtfsf lrhx¿dWo]sf]æ;Dk"0f{ v/faLsf] h8 /S;L xf] / lgn{Hhtfsf lrhx¿dWo]sf]æ;Dk"0f{ v/faLsf] h8 /S;L xf] / lgn{Hhtfsf lrhx¿dWo]sf]æ;Dk"0f{ v/faLsf] h8 /S;L xf] / lgn{Hhtfsf lrhx¿dWo]sf]æ;Dk"0f{ v/faLsf] h8 /S;L xf] / lgn{Hhtfsf lrhx¿dWo]sf];aeGbf 7"nf] xf] .Æ ;aeGbf 7"nf] xf] .Æ ;aeGbf 7"nf] xf] .Æ ;aeGbf 7"nf] xf] .Æ ;aeGbf 7"nf] xf] .Æ æk|To]s tL rLh h;sf] w]/} dfqfn] gzfæk|To]s tL rLh h;sf] w]/} dfqfn] gzfæk|To]s tL rLh h;sf] w]/} dfqfn] gzfæk|To]s tL rLh h;sf] w]/} dfqfn] gzfæk|To]s tL rLh h;sf] w]/} dfqfn] gzfk }bf ub {5, To;sf ] yf ]/ } kl/df0f klg cj}w 5 .Æk }bf ub {5, To;sf ] yf ]/ } kl/df0f klg cj}w 5 .Æk }bf ub {5, To;sf ] yf ]/ } kl/df0f klg cj}w 5 .Æk }bf ub {5, To;sf ] yf ]/ } kl/df0f klg cj}w 5 .Æk }bf ub {5, To;sf ] yf ]/ } kl/df0f klg cj}w 5 .Æ-xbL; OAg] –dfhf_-xbL; OAg] –dfhf_-xbL; OAg] –dfhf_-xbL; OAg] –dfhf_-xbL; OAg] –dfhf_

/S;L lkpg] dflg;x¿nfO{ dfq lwSsfl/Psf 5}g, /S;Lsf] sf/f]af/ug{] dflg;x¿nfO{ klg O{Zj/ / O{Zj/sf /;"nsf tkm{af6 lwSsfl/Psf] 5 .cg; -/lh=_ sf cg';f/ O{Zj/sf b"t d'xDdb -;=_ n] eGg'eof]

æ/S;L;Fu ;DalGwt b; dflg;nfO{ cNnfxsf] tkm{af6æ/S;L;Fu ;DalGwt b; dflg;nfO{ cNnfxsf] tkm{af6æ/S;L;Fu ;DalGwt b; dflg;nfO{ cNnfxsf] tkm{af6æ/S;L;Fu ;DalGwt b; dflg;nfO{ cNnfxsf] tkm{af6æ/S;L;Fu ;DalGwt b; dflg;nfO{ cNnfxsf] tkm{af6lwSsfl/Psf] 5 . h;n] To;nfO{ lgrf]5{ jf tof/ ub{5,lwSsfl/Psf] 5 . h;n] To;nfO{ lgrf]5{ jf tof/ ub{5,lwSsfl/Psf] 5 . h;n] To;nfO{ lgrf]5{ jf tof/ ub{5,lwSsfl/Psf] 5 . h;n] To;nfO{ lgrf]5{ jf tof/ ub{5,lwSsfl/Psf] 5 . h;n] To;nfO{ lgrf]5{ jf tof/ ub{5,h;sfnflu tof/ ul/Psf] xf], Tof] lkpg] JolQm, To;nfO{h;sfnflu tof/ ul/Psf] xf], Tof] lkpg] JolQm, To;nfO{h;sfnflu tof/ ul/Psf] xf], Tof] lkpg] JolQm, To;nfO{h;sfnflu tof/ ul/Psf] xf], Tof] lkpg] JolQm, To;nfO{h;sfnflu tof/ ul/Psf] xf], Tof] lkpg] JolQm, To;nfO{k'¥ofpg] jf k7fpg], hf] dfkm{t Tof] k7fOPsf] 5, h;nfO{k'¥ofpg] jf k7fpg], hf] dfkm{t Tof] k7fOPsf] 5, h;nfO{k'¥ofpg] jf k7fpg], hf] dfkm{t Tof] k7fOPsf] 5, h;nfO{k'¥ofpg] jf k7fpg], hf] dfkm{t Tof] k7fOPsf] 5, h;nfO{k'¥ofpg] jf k7fpg], hf] dfkm{t Tof] k7fOPsf] 5, h;nfO{/S;L k]z ul/Psf] 5, Tof] a]Rg] JolQm, To;sf] cfDbfgLaf6/S;L k]z ul/Psf] 5, Tof] a]Rg] JolQm, To;sf] cfDbfgLaf6/S;L k]z ul/Psf] 5, Tof] a]Rg] JolQm, To;sf] cfDbfgLaf6/S;L k]z ul/Psf] 5, Tof] a]Rg] JolQm, To;sf] cfDbfgLaf6/S;L k]z ul/Psf] 5, Tof] a]Rg] JolQm, To;sf] cfDbfgLaf6kmfObf lng] JolQm, To;nfO{ cfˆgf]] jf c¿sfnflu lsGg]kmfObf lng] JolQm, To;nfO{ cfˆgf]] jf c¿sfnflu lsGg]kmfObf lng] JolQm, To;nfO{ cfˆgf]] jf c¿sfnflu lsGg]kmfObf lng] JolQm, To;nfO{ cfˆgf]] jf c¿sfnflu lsGg]kmfObf lng] JolQm, To;nfO{ cfˆgf]] jf c¿sfnflu lsGg]JolQm .Æ -xbL;M OAg] –dfhf_JolQm .Æ -xbL;M OAg] –dfhf_JolQm .Æ -xbL;M OAg] –dfhf_JolQm .Æ -xbL;M OAg] –dfhf_JolQm .Æ -xbL;M OAg] –dfhf_

$= /S;Lsf sf/0fn] /f]u pTkGg x'G5

/S;LnfO{ lgif]w ug{'sf j}1flgs sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . d[To'sf w]/} 36gfx'g'sf] sf/0f /S;L lkpg' xf] . x/]s jif{ nfvf}+ dflg;x¿ o;sf] ;]jgn]d[To'sf] d'vdf k'Ub5g\ . /S;Lsf] ;]jgaf6 x'g] b'ik|efjsf af/]df ;a} kl/lrtg} ePsfn] oxfF tL ;a} ;la:tf/ rrf{ ug{' h?/L 5}g . /S;Laf6 x'g] /f]ux¿sf];+lIfKt ;"rL k|:t't ug{' g} clxn]sf nflu kof{Kt x'g hfG5 .

s_ /S;L / dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jgaf6 x'g] Pp6f k|d'v /f]u sn]hf] ;"q0f/f]u (Cirrhosis of Liver) xf] .

37


v_ 6fpsf], ub{g, sn]hf]÷cfGb|f, u|f;gnL (Oesophagus) cflbsf] SofG;/ .

u_ Oesophagitis, Gastritis, Pancreatitis, Hepatitis h:tf /f]ux¿ /S;Lsf];]jgaf6 g} x'g] ub{5g\ .

3_ Cardiomyopathy, Hypertension, Coronary Artherosclerosis, Angina,x[bo3ft h:tf /f]ux¿ /S;Lsf] ;]jgaf6 x'g] ub{5g\ .

ª_ Strokes, Apoplexy, a]xf];L / ljleGg k|sf/sf kIff3ft (Paralysis)

h:tf /f]ux¿ klg /S;L;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ .

r_ Peripheral Neuropathy, Cortical Atrophy, Cerebellar Atrophy h:tfk|d'v Syndromes dlb/fsf b]g x'g\ .

5_ /S;Lsf] ;]jgn] z/L/df Thiamine sf] sdL x'G5 . o;n] ubf{ Wernicke-

Korsakoff /f]u k}bf x'G5 o;n] kl/0ffd :j¿k :d/0f zlQmdf x|f;x'g'sf ;fy} ljleGg k|sf/sf kIff3ft b]vf kb{5g\ .

h_ Delerium Tremens Pp6f 3fts Complication xf] h'g /S;L ;]jgug{]nfO{ 3/L3/L x'g] Infection sf] bf}/fg jf ck/]zg (Operation) kl5pTkGg x'G5 . o; /f]un] k/x]hsf] cGt/fndf jf To;kl5 klg cfˆgf]]k|efj 5f]8\5 . /fd|f] pkrf/sf] afjh'b ;d]t of] d[To'sf] sf/0f aG5 .

em_ a]/La]/L /f]u tyf cGo k|sf/sf sdLsf ¿kdf b]vfkg{] /f]ux¿ cS;//S;L ;]jg ug{]x¿df g} b]vf kb{5g\ . /S;L ;]jg ug{]x¿sf] leqPellagra ;d]t b]vfkb{5 .

`_ cg]s k|sf/sf Endocrime Disorders sf] ;DaGw /S;L lkpg]x¿;Fug} x'G5 . Myxodema b]lv lnP/ Hyperthyroidism tyf Florid Cushing

Syndrome ;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ /f]ux¿ /S;L ;]jgsf] b'ik|efjaf6 k|s6x'G5 .

6_ Hematological ;Fu ;DalGwt b'ik|efj ljleGg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ h'g w]/}lbg;Dd afFsL /xG5 . Folic Acid sf] sdL /S;L ;]jgsf sf/0fn]x'G5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k Macrocytic Anemia sf ¿kdf b]vfkb{5 . Zeive's Syndrome, Hemolytic. Anemia Jaundice /Hypenlipaedemia /S;Laf6 pTkGg x'g] /f]u x'g\ .

38


7_ Thrombocytopenia / cGo platelet ;Fu ;DalGwt v/faLx¿ /S;Ls}b]g x'g\ .

8_ clws ¿kdf k|of]u x'g] Metronidazole (Flagyl) sf] b'ik|efj /S;LlkPkl5 b]vf kb{5 .

9_ /S:ofxfsf] leqL c+udf 3/L3/L Infection x'g' ;fdfGo s'/f xf] . /S;L;]jgsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ pmleq /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm (Immunological

defense system) k|efjxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] x'G5 .

0f_ dlb/f ;]jg ug{] JolQmx¿df Chest infection, lgdf]lgof, Lung Abcess,

Emphysema tyf Pulmonary, Tuberculosis x'g' ;fdfGo s'/f xf] .

t_ /S;Lsf] sf/0fn] 5fnf /f]u klg x'g] ub{5g\ .

y_ Eczema, Alopecia, Nail Dystrophy, Paronychia, -gË jl/kl/ x'g]OGkm]S;g_ Angular Stomatitis -d'vsf] ;'hg_ klg /S;L lkpg]x¿sfnflu ;fdfGo s'/f x'g\ .

b_ /S;Lsf] gzfdf n¶ ePkl5 /S;L lkpg] dflg; w]/}h;f] afGtf u5{ .o;sf] sf/0fn] p;sf] Cough Reflexes df gf]S;fg x'G5 h'g ;'/Iffb[li6sf]0fn] cfjZos x'G5 . o;k|sf/ afGtf kmf]S;f]df hfG5 / lgdf]lgoftyf Lung Abscess sf] sf/0f aGg k'Ub5 .

w_ /S;L ;]jgn] dlxnfnfO{ emg a9L gf]S;fg k'¥ofpF5 . k'?ifsf] t'ngfdfdlxnf /S;L;Fu ;DalGwt Cirrhosis sf] a9L lzsf/ aGb5g\ .uef{j:yfdf /S;L lkpgfn] ue{nfO{ w]/} gf]S;fg k'¥ofpF5 . Foetal

Alcohol Syndrome lrlsT;f If]qdf yfxf ePsf] tYo xf] .

%_ /S;L lkpg' :jo+ Pp6f /f]u dfq geP/ b'/frf/L sfo{ xf]

8fS6/x¿ /S;L lkpg]x¿sf ;DaGwdf s'g} k|sf/sf kIfkftaf6 aRb}/S;L lkpg' Pp6f cfbt dfq geP/ :jo+ /f]u klg xf] eGg] ljrf/ k|s6ub{5g\ . Islamic Research Foundation n] Pp6f klqsfdf lgDg s'/fx¿k|sflzt u/]sf] 5M–

39


æolb /S;L Pp6f /f]u xf] eg], oxL Ps /f]u xf] h'g–

• af]tndf laS5, cvjf/ / klqsfdf lj1fkg 5flkG5 / l6=eL= tyf/]l8of]df k|;fl/t x'G5 .

• km}nfpg cg'dlt k|fKt k;n x'G5g\ / ;/sf/nfO{ To;af6 cfDbfgLx'G5 .

• To;sf] sf/0faf6 aLr ;8sdf eofgs d[To'x¿ x'g] ub{5g\ .

• kfl/jfl/s hLjgnfO{ tx;gx; jf a/jfb kfb{5 / cfk/flws 36gfsf]b/ a9fpF5 .Æ

O{Zj/n] xfdLnfO{ o; z}tfgsf] rfnaf6 ;r]t u/fPsf 5g\ . O:nfdPp6f k|fs[lts wd{ xf] . o;sf lzIffx¿n] k|fs[lts cj:yfsf] /Iff ub{5g\ ./S;L lkpg' jf:tjdf k|fs[lts dfu{af6 ljd'v x'g' xf] . /S;L ;]jgn] dflg;nfO{hgfj/eGbf klg v/fa cj:yfdf k'¥ofOlbG5 hals dflg; cfkm" hgfj/eGbfpRr / ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6df ;j{>]i7 k|f0fL ePsf] :jo+ bfjL ub{5 . oL pNn]lvtljljw sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ O:nfddf /S;L lgif]w ul/Psf] xf] .

40


!)= ;fIfL ;DalGw dfldnf

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM ujfxLdf b'O{ dlxnf a/fa/ Ps k'?if lsg x'G5 <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M ;w}+el/ b'O{ dlxnfsf] ujfxL;Fu Pp6f k'?ifsf] ujfxL a/fa/x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;To xf]Og . of] s'/f s]xL ljifodf dfq ;To ;flat x'G5 .kljq s'/cfgdf sd ;] sd kfFrj6f cfotdf ;fIfLsf] pNn]v 5 . t/To;df slxF klg dlxnf / k'?if aLr cGt/sf] s'/f elgPsf] 5}g . s'/cfgsf];aeGbf 7"nf] cfot cyf{t ;"/x as/xsf] cfot @*@ df ;fdfg /n]gb]g;DalGw cfb]z lbOPsf] 5 . To; cfotdf elgPsf] 5,

æx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û ltdLx¿ s'g} lgwf{l/t cjwLsflglDt cfk;dfæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û ltdLx¿ s'g} lgwf{l/t cjwLsflglDt cfk;dfæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û ltdLx¿ s'g} lgwf{l/t cjwLsflglDt cfk;dfæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û ltdLx¿ s'g} lgwf{l/t cjwLsflglDt cfk;dfæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û ltdLx¿ s'g} lgwf{l/t cjwLsflglDt cfk;dfC0fsf] n]gb]g ubf{ To;nfO{ n]Vg] u/ . clg, n]vgbf;n] ltd|faLrC0fsf] n]gb]g ubf{ To;nfO{ n]Vg] u/ . clg, n]vgbf;n] ltd|faLrC0fsf] n]gb]g ubf{ To;nfO{ n]Vg] u/ . clg, n]vgbf;n] ltd|faLrC0fsf] n]gb]g ubf{ To;nfO{ n]Vg] u/ . clg, n]vgbf;n] ltd|faLrC0fsf] n]gb]g ubf{ To;nfO{ n]Vg] u/ . clg, n]vgbf;n] ltd|faLrGofok"j{s n]vf];\ . /, s'g} n]vgbf;n] To;/L n]Vg c:jLsf/Gofok"j{s n]vf];\ . /, s'g} n]vgbf;n] To;/L n]Vg c:jLsf/Gofok"j{s n]vf];\ . /, s'g} n]vgbf;n] To;/L n]Vg c:jLsf/Gofok"j{s n]vf];\ . /, s'g} n]vgbf;n] To;/L n]Vg c:jLsf/Gofok"j{s n]vf];\ . /, s'g} n]vgbf;n] To;/L n]Vg c:jLsf/gu/f];\ h;/L cNnfxn] p;nfO{ l;sfPsf 5g\ . a? p;n] n]vf];\ .gu/f];\ h;/L cNnfxn] p;nfO{ l;sfPsf 5g\ . a? p;n] n]vf];\ .gu/f];\ h;/L cNnfxn] p;nfO{ l;sfPsf 5g\ . a? p;n] n]vf];\ .gu/f];\ h;/L cNnfxn] p;nfO{ l;sfPsf 5g\ . a? p;n] n]vf];\ .gu/f];\ h;/L cNnfxn] p;nfO{ l;sfPsf 5g\ . a? p;n] n]vf];\ ./, h;sf] xs 5, To; C0f lng] Dflg;n] n]vfcf];\ clg p;n]/, h;sf] xs 5, To; C0f lng] Dflg;n] n]vfcf];\ clg p;n]/, h;sf] xs 5, To; C0f lng] Dflg;n] n]vfcf];\ clg p;n]/, h;sf] xs 5, To; C0f lng] Dflg;n] n]vfcf];\ clg p;n]/, h;sf] xs 5, To; C0f lng] Dflg;n] n]vfcf];\ clg p;n]cfˆgf kfngstf{– cNnfxsf] eo u/f];\ tyf To;df s'g} sdLcfˆgf kfngstf{– cNnfxsf] eo u/f];\ tyf To;df s'g} sdLcfˆgf kfngstf{– cNnfxsf] eo u/f];\ tyf To;df s'g} sdLcfˆgf kfngstf{– cNnfxsf] eo u/f];\ tyf To;df s'g} sdLcfˆgf kfngstf{– cNnfxsf] eo u/f];\ tyf To;df s'g} sdLgu/f];\ . t/ Tof] dflg; h;nfO{ xs k|fKt 5Ù olb ca'em jfgu/f];\ . t/ Tof] dflg; h;nfO{ xs k|fKt 5Ù olb ca'em jfgu/f];\ . t/ Tof] dflg; h;nfO{ xs k|fKt 5Ù olb ca'em jfgu/f];\ . t/ Tof] dflg; h;nfO{ xs k|fKt 5Ù olb ca'em jfgu/f];\ . t/ Tof] dflg; h;nfO{ xs k|fKt 5Ù olb ca'em jfsdhf]/ 5 jf :jo+ n]vfpg] ;fdYo{ /fVb}g eg] p;sf] cleefjsn]sdhf]/ 5 jf :jo+ n]vfpg] ;fdYo{ /fVb}g eg] p;sf] cleefjsn]sdhf]/ 5 jf :jo+ n]vfpg] ;fdYo{ /fVb}g eg] p;sf] cleefjsn]sdhf]/ 5 jf :jo+ n]vfpg] ;fdYo{ /fVb}g eg] p;sf] cleefjsn]sdhf]/ 5 jf :jo+ n]vfpg] ;fdYo{ /fVb}g eg] p;sf] cleefjsn]Gofok"j{s n]vfcf];\ . ltdLx¿n] k'?ifx¿dWo] b'O{hgfnfO{ cfˆgfGofok"j{s n]vfcf];\ . ltdLx¿n] k'?ifx¿dWo] b'O{hgfnfO{ cfˆgfGofok"j{s n]vfcf];\ . ltdLx¿n] k'?ifx¿dWo] b'O{hgfnfO{ cfˆgfGofok"j{s n]vfcf];\ . ltdLx¿n] k'?ifx¿dWo] b'O{hgfnfO{ cfˆgfGofok"j{s n]vfcf];\ . ltdLx¿n] k'?ifx¿dWo] b'O{hgfnfO{ cfˆgf;fIfL agfpg] u/Ù b'O{hgf k'?if pknAw gePdf Pshgf k'?if /;fIfL agfpg] u/Ù b'O{hgf k'?if pknAw gePdf Pshgf k'?if /;fIfL agfpg] u/Ù b'O{hgf k'?if pknAw gePdf Pshgf k'?if /;fIfL agfpg] u/Ù b'O{hgf k'?if pknAw gePdf Pshgf k'?if /;fIfL agfpg] u/Ù b'O{hgf k'?if pknAw gePdf Pshgf k'?if /b'O{hgf dlxnf -nfO{ ;fIfL agfpm_ . oL ;fIfLx¿ o:tfb'O{hgf dlxnf -nfO{ ;fIfL agfpm_ . oL ;fIfLx¿ o:tfb'O{hgf dlxnf -nfO{ ;fIfL agfpm_ . oL ;fIfLx¿ o:tfb'O{hgf dlxnf -nfO{ ;fIfL agfpm_ . oL ;fIfLx¿ o:tfb'O{hgf dlxnf -nfO{ ;fIfL agfpm_ . oL ;fIfLx¿ o:tfdflg;x¿dWo] x'g'k5{ h;sf] ;fIo ltdLx¿aLr dfGo xf];\ .dflg;x¿dWo] x'g'k5{ h;sf] ;fIo ltdLx¿aLr dfGo xf];\ .dflg;x¿dWo] x'g'k5{ h;sf] ;fIo ltdLx¿aLr dfGo xf];\ .dflg;x¿dWo] x'g'k5{ h;sf] ;fIo ltdLx¿aLr dfGo xf];\ .dflg;x¿dWo] x'g'k5{ h;sf] ;fIo ltdLx¿aLr dfGo xf];\ .b'O{hgf dlxnf o;sf/0fn] ls pgLx¿dWo] s'g} Psn] uNtL u/]sf]b'O{hgf dlxnf o;sf/0fn] ls pgLx¿dWo] s'g} Psn] uNtL u/]sf]b'O{hgf dlxnf o;sf/0fn] ls pgLx¿dWo] s'g} Psn] uNtL u/]sf]b'O{hgf dlxnf o;sf/0fn] ls pgLx¿dWo] s'g} Psn] uNtL u/]sf]b'O{hgf dlxnf o;sf/0fn] ls pgLx¿dWo] s'g} Psn] uNtL u/]sf]v08df csf{]]n] :d/0f u/fpg ;sf];\ . /, ;fIfLx¿nfO{ hlxn]v08df csf{]]n] :d/0f u/fpg ;sf];\ . /, ;fIfLx¿nfO{ hlxn]v08df csf{]]n] :d/0f u/fpg ;sf];\ . /, ;fIfLx¿nfO{ hlxn]v08df csf{]]n] :d/0f u/fpg ;sf];\ . /, ;fIfLx¿nfO{ hlxn]v08df csf{]]n] :d/0f u/fpg ;sf];\ . /, ;fIfLx¿nfO{ hlxn]af]nfpFbf klg pgLx¿n] c:jLsf/ gu¿g\ . C0f ;fgf] xf];\ jfaf]nfpFbf klg pgLx¿n] c:jLsf/ gu¿g\ . C0f ;fgf] xf];\ jfaf]nfpFbf klg pgLx¿n] c:jLsf/ gu¿g\ . C0f ;fgf] xf];\ jfaf]nfpFbf klg pgLx¿n] c:jLsf/ gu¿g\ . C0f ;fgf] xf];\ jfaf]nfpFbf klg pgLx¿n] c:jLsf/ gu¿g\ . C0f ;fgf] xf];\ jf7"nf], ltdLx¿n] To;sf] cjwL tf]s]/ n]Vg cN5L gu/ . cNnfxsf]7"nf], ltdLx¿n] To;sf] cjwL tf]s]/ n]Vg cN5L gu/ . cNnfxsf]7"nf], ltdLx¿n] To;sf] cjwL tf]s]/ n]Vg cN5L gu/ . cNnfxsf]7"nf], ltdLx¿n] To;sf] cjwL tf]s]/ n]Vg cN5L gu/ . cNnfxsf]7"nf], ltdLx¿n] To;sf] cjwL tf]s]/ n]Vg cN5L gu/ . cNnfxsf]b[li6df of] t/Lsf a9L Gofo;Fut 5 / of] ;fIonfO{ emg\ 7Lsb[li6df of] t/Lsf a9L Gofo;Fut 5 / of] ;fIonfO{ emg\ 7Lsb[li6df of] t/Lsf a9L Gofo;Fut 5 / of] ;fIonfO{ emg\ 7Lsb[li6df of] t/Lsf a9L Gofo;Fut 5 / of] ;fIonfO{ emg\ 7Lsb[li6df of] t/Lsf a9L Gofo;Fut 5 / of] ;fIonfO{ emg\ 7Ls/fVg] tyf zÍfaf6 klg arfpg] t/Lsf xf] . cF, xftfxftL Jofkfl/s/fVg] tyf zÍfaf6 klg arfpg] t/Lsf xf] . cF, xftfxftL Jofkfl/s/fVg] tyf zÍfaf6 klg arfpg] t/Lsf xf] . cF, xftfxftL Jofkfl/s/fVg] tyf zÍfaf6 klg arfpg] t/Lsf xf] . cF, xftfxftL Jofkfl/s/fVg] tyf zÍfaf6 klg arfpg] t/Lsf xf] . cF, xftfxftL Jofkfl/sn]gb]g ul/G5 eg] gn]v]df klg ltdLx¿dfly s'g} cfklQ 5}g .n]gb]g ul/G5 eg] gn]v]df klg ltdLx¿dfly s'g} cfklQ 5}g .n]gb]g ul/G5 eg] gn]v]df klg ltdLx¿dfly s'g} cfklQ 5}g .n]gb]g ul/G5 eg] gn]v]df klg ltdLx¿dfly s'g} cfklQ 5}g .n]gb]g ul/G5 eg] gn]v]df klg ltdLx¿dfly s'g} cfklQ 5}g .t/ Jofkfl/s dfdnf to ubf{ ;fIfL agfpm / n]vgbf; tyft/ Jofkfl/s dfdnf to ubf{ ;fIfL agfpm / n]vgbf; tyft/ Jofkfl/s dfdnf to ubf{ ;fIfL agfpm / n]vgbf; tyft/ Jofkfl/s dfdnf to ubf{ ;fIfL agfpm / n]vgbf; tyft/ Jofkfl/s dfdnf to ubf{ ;fIfL agfpm / n]vgbf; tyf;fIfLnfO{ s'g} si6 glbOof];\ . o:tf] u/]df of] ltdLx¿sf] tkm{af6;fIfLnfO{ s'g} si6 glbOof];\ . o:tf] u/]df of] ltdLx¿sf] tkm{af6;fIfLnfO{ s'g} si6 glbOof];\ . o:tf] u/]df of] ltdLx¿sf] tkm{af6;fIfLnfO{ s'g} si6 glbOof];\ . o:tf] u/]df of] ltdLx¿sf] tkm{af6;fIfLnfO{ s'g} si6 glbOof];\ . o:tf] u/]df of] ltdLx¿sf] tkm{af6cj1f 7xg]{5cj1f 7xg]{5cj1f 7xg]{5cj1f 7xg]{5cj1f 7xg]{5======================================== . . . . .ÆÆÆÆÆ -s'/cfg, @M@*@_ -s'/cfg, @M@*@_ -s'/cfg, @M@*@_ -s'/cfg, @M@*@_ -s'/cfg, @M@*@_

41


o; cfotn] ;fdfg n]gb]g / v/LbljqmL;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf dfu{bz{gub{5 . o;k|sf/sf ljifodf lnlvt ¿kdf b'a} kIfsf] ;Demf}tf u/L b'O{hgf ujfxL/fVg] cfb]z lbOPsf] 5 . o:tf] ujfx -;fIfL_ ;se/ b'O{ k'?if /fVg' plrt x'G5 .olb b'O{ k'?if ;fIfL ge]l6Pdf Ps k'?if / b'O{hgf dlxnf eP klg kof{Kt x'G5 .

h:tf] ls s'g} JolQm s'g} vf; /f]usf] ck/]zg u/fpg rfxG5 eg]7Ls;Fu pkrf/ u/fpg]af/] hfGgsf nflu p;n] of]Uo / dfGotf k|fKt b'O{8fS6/sf] /fo lnG5 . olb b'O{hgf ;h{g p;n] kfPg eg] Pp6f ;h{g / csf{]hg/n 8fS6/;Fu ;Dks{ ub{5 lsgls ljsNksf] ¿kdf oxL dfq p;sf]cufl8 /xG5 . o;/L g} ;fdfg ;DalGw jf n]gb]gdf b'O{ k'?ifnfO{ k|fyldstflbOG5 . O:nfddf k'?ifnfO{ cfˆgf]] 3/kl/jf/sf] cfly{s h?/t k"/f ug{]lhDd]jf/sf ¿kdf x]l/G5 . o:tf] cfly{s lhDd]jf/L k'?ifsf] 6fpsf]df ePsfn]dlxnfsf] t'ngfdf sf/f]af/sf ljifodf k'?ifleq a9L of]Uotf, Ifdtf / bIftfx'G5 . bf]>f] ljsNksf ¿kdf Ps k'?if / b'O{ dlxnf x'g ;Sb5g\ . o;sf]sf/0f of] xf] ls olb Pp6L dlxnfn] uNtL u/]df csL{ dlxnfn] To;nfO{;RRofpg ;lS5g\ . o;k|sf/ sf/f]af/L n]gb]g Ps dfq o:tf] dfldnf xf]h;df b'O{ ;fIfL dlxnf Ps k'?if ;fIfL;Fu a/fa/ ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .

dlxnfsf] Jojxf/ xTofsf] ljifosf] ;fIfLdf k|efljt x'g hfG5 eGg]s'/f s]xL O:nfdL ljåfg\x¿sf] /fo /x]sf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf ljifodf dlxnfx¿k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf a9L eolet / cft+lst x'g k'Ub5g\ . cfˆgf]] efj'stfsf]sf/0f pgLx¿ w]/} dfgl;s pNemg (Confusion) sf] lzsf/ x'g ;Sb5g\ .To;}n] wd{zf:qLx¿sf] b[li6df xTofsf] ljifodf b'O{ dlxnf ;fIfL Ps k'?if;fIfL;Fu a/fa/ x'G5g\ . kljq s'/cfgdf ;fIfLsf] ljifodf k|sfz kfg{] kfFrj6fcfotx¿ 5g\ . t/ tLdWo] s'g} klg dlxnf / k'?if eg]/ pNn]v ul/Psf]5}g . k}lqs ;DklQ -ld/f;_ sf] afF8kmfF8sf] sfuhkq agfpg ;fIfLsf¿kdf b'O{ Gofolk|o AolQmsf] h?/t kb{5 . kljq s'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5–

æx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û ha ltdLx¿dWo] s;}sf] d[To' glhlsG5 taæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û ha ltdLx¿dWo] s;}sf] d[To' glhlsG5 taæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û ha ltdLx¿dWo] s;}sf] d[To' glhlsG5 taæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û ha ltdLx¿dWo] s;}sf] d[To' glhlsG5 taæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û ha ltdLx¿dWo] s;}sf] d[To' glhlsG5 taj;Lotj;Lotj;Lotj;Lotj;Lot u5f{} eg] ToxfF ltdLx¿dWo] b'O{ hgf GofoL ;fIfL agfpm jf u5f{} eg] ToxfF ltdLx¿dWo] b'O{ hgf GofoL ;fIfL agfpm jf u5f{} eg] ToxfF ltdLx¿dWo] b'O{ hgf GofoL ;fIfL agfpm jf u5f{} eg] ToxfF ltdLx¿dWo] b'O{ hgf GofoL ;fIfL agfpm jf u5f{} eg] ToxfF ltdLx¿dWo] b'O{ hgf GofoL ;fIfL agfpm jfolb ltdLx¿ ofqfsf] l:yltdf 5f} / ToxLF d[To'sf] ljklQ cfOk'U5 eg]olb ltdLx¿ ofqfsf] l:yltdf 5f} / ToxLF d[To'sf] ljklQ cfOk'U5 eg]olb ltdLx¿ ofqfsf] l:yltdf 5f} / ToxLF d[To'sf] ljklQ cfOk'U5 eg]olb ltdLx¿ ofqfsf] l:yltdf 5f} / ToxLF d[To'sf] ljklQ cfOk'U5 eg]olb ltdLx¿ ofqfsf] l:yltdf 5f} / ToxLF d[To'sf] ljklQ cfOk'U5 eg]aflx/sf dfG5]x¿dWo] b'O{ hgfnfO{ ;fIfL agfpmaflx/sf dfG5]x¿dWo] b'O{ hgfnfO{ ;fIfL agfpmaflx/sf dfG5]x¿dWo] b'O{ hgfnfO{ ;fIfL agfpmaflx/sf dfG5]x¿dWo] b'O{ hgfnfO{ ;fIfL agfpmaflx/sf dfG5]x¿dWo] b'O{ hgfnfO{ ;fIfL agfpm==================== .Æ -s'/cfg, %M!) _̂ .Æ -s'/cfg, %M!) _̂ .Æ -s'/cfg, %M!) _̂ .Æ -s'/cfg, %M!) _̂ .Æ -s'/cfg, %M!) _̂

42


dlxnfdfly cf/f]k nufpg] ;Gbe{df eg] rf/ hgf ;fIfL aGg' kg{]x'G5 . s'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5, ædlxnfsf] OHht / cl:dtfnfO{ lgzfgf agfpg]jf pgLk|lt cf/f]k nufpg] ;DaGwdf rf/ ;fIfLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .Æ

b'O{ dlxnfx¿sf] ujfxL Ps k'?if ujfxLsf] a/fa/ x'g] s'/f ;a} ljifodfnfu" x'G5 egL s]xL O:nfdL ljåfg\x¿sf] egfO /x]sf] 5 . o; /fo;Fu s'g}klg xfntdf ;xdt x'g ;ls+b}g lsgls kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x @$ g"/ cfot* df Psbd :ki6;Fu Ps k'?if / Ps dlxnfsf] ujfxLnfO{ ;dfg dfGb}elgPsf] 5M

æ/, To; dlxnfsf] b08 o;/L lgjf/0f x'g ;S5 ls p;n] rf/æ/, To; dlxnfsf] b08 o;/L lgjf/0f x'g ;S5 ls p;n] rf/æ/, To; dlxnfsf] b08 o;/L lgjf/0f x'g ;S5 ls p;n] rf/æ/, To; dlxnfsf] b08 o;/L lgjf/0f x'g ;S5 ls p;n] rf/æ/, To; dlxnfsf] b08 o;/L lgjf/0f x'g ;S5 ls p;n] rf/k6s cNnfxsf] s;d vfP/ egf];\– ælgZro g} pgL -p;sf]k6s cNnfxsf] s;d vfP/ egf];\– ælgZro g} pgL -p;sf]k6s cNnfxsf] s;d vfP/ egf];\– ælgZro g} pgL -p;sf]k6s cNnfxsf] s;d vfP/ egf];\– ælgZro g} pgL -p;sf]k6s cNnfxsf] s;d vfP/ egf];\– ælgZro g} pgL -p;sf]klt_ em"7fx¿dWo]sf x'g\ .Æ -s'/cfg @$M*_klt_ em"7fx¿dWo]sf x'g\ .Æ -s'/cfg @$M*_klt_ em"7fx¿dWo]sf x'g\ .Æ -s'/cfg @$M*_klt_ em"7fx¿dWo]sf x'g\ .Æ -s'/cfg @$M*_klt_ em"7fx¿dWo]sf x'g\ .Æ -s'/cfg @$M*_

w]/} wd{zf:qLx¿ ljz]if cj;/df rGb|df b]Vg] af/]df Ps dlxnfsf]ujfxL g} kof{Kt x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf Psdt 5g\ . ljrf/ ug{'xf];\ ls Psdlxnfsf] ujfxL O:nfdsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ :tDesf nflu kof{Kt 5 . Pp6Ldlxnfsf] ujfxLdf ;Dk"0f{ k'?if / dlxnfn] /dhfgsf] /f]hf -j|t_ /fV5g\ .s]xL wd{zf:qLx¿sf cg';f/ /dhfgsf] /f]hf -j|t_ z'¿sfnflu Ps dlxnfsf]ujfxL kof{Kt x'G5 t/ /f]hf -j|t_ sf] cGTo jf O{bsf] lbg b'O{ ujfxLsf]cfjZostf kb{5 . o; l;nl;nfdf Ps k'?if / Ps dlxnf aLr s'g} cGt/jf e]b x'Fb}g . s]xL cj:yfdf dlxnf ujfxLsf] g} h?/t x'G5 . To; ;DaGwdfk'?if ujfxL :jLsfo{ x'Fb}g . h:t} dlxnfsf] zanfO{ g'xfpg] ;do dlxnf g}ujfxL x'g ;lS5g\ . o:t} dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ljifodf dlxnf dfqujfxL x'g ;lS5g\ .

sf/f]af/;DalGw ljifodf h'g c;dfgtf k'?if / dlxnfaLr b]lvPsf]5 n}+lus c;dfgtf To;sf] sf/0f xf]Og . To;sf] jf:tljs sf/0f dlxnf /k'?ifdf ePsf k|fs[lts ljz]iftf / ;fdflhs e"ldsf xf] h;nfO{ O:nfdn]k|To]ssf] nflu lglZrt u/]sf] 5 .

43


!!= k}t[s ;DklQ

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM O:nfdL sfg"g cg';f/ ;DklQdf dlxnfsf] lx:;f k'?ifsf] cfwflsg x'G5 <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M kljq s'/cfgdf xsbf/x¿aLr ;DklQ afF8kmfF8;DalGwt lgb{]z;lj:tf/ /x]sf] 5 . kljq s'/cfgsf cfoftx¿ @M!*), @M@$), $M&–(,$M!(, $M##, %M!)^ –!)* df ;DklQsf] afF8kmfF8 ;DalGwt lgb]{z /x]sf] 5 .To:t} vf; u/L tLgj6f cfotx¿df d[tssf gft]bf/sfaLr ;DklQ afF8\g]af/]df lj:t[t ¿kdf k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5M

æææææcNnfx ltd|f ;Gtfgx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ltdLx¿nfO{ lgb{]zgcNnfx ltd|f ;Gtfgx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ltdLx¿nfO{ lgb{]zgcNnfx ltd|f ;Gtfgx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ltdLx¿nfO{ lgb{]zgcNnfx ltd|f ;Gtfgx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ltdLx¿nfO{ lgb{]zgcNnfx ltd|f ;Gtfgx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ltdLx¿nfO{ lgb{]zglbG5g\ –Ps hgf k'?ifsf] c+z b'O{ hgf dlxnfsf] a/fa/lbG5g\ –Ps hgf k'?ifsf] c+z b'O{ hgf dlxnfsf] a/fa/lbG5g\ –Ps hgf k'?ifsf] c+z b'O{ hgf dlxnfsf] a/fa/lbG5g\ –Ps hgf k'?ifsf] c+z b'O{ hgf dlxnfsf] a/fa/lbG5g\ –Ps hgf k'?ifsf] c+z b'O{ hgf dlxnfsf] a/fa/x'G5 . olb b'O{eGbf a9L 5f]/Lx¿ g} 5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf]x'G5 . olb b'O{eGbf a9L 5f]/Lx¿ g} 5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf]x'G5 . olb b'O{eGbf a9L 5f]/Lx¿ g} 5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf]x'G5 . olb b'O{eGbf a9L 5f]/Lx¿ g} 5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf]x'G5 . olb b'O{eGbf a9L 5f]/Lx¿ g} 5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf];DklQsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ kfpg]5g\ . /, Pp6L dfq 5f]/L l5g\ eg];DklQsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ kfpg]5g\ . /, Pp6L dfq 5f]/L l5g\ eg];DklQsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ kfpg]5g\ . /, Pp6L dfq 5f]/L l5g\ eg];DklQsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ kfpg]5g\ . /, Pp6L dfq 5f]/L l5g\ eg];DklQsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ kfpg]5g\ . /, Pp6L dfq 5f]/L l5g\ eg]pgn] ;DklQsf] cfwf c+z kfpg]l5g\ .Æpgn] ;DklQsf] cfwf c+z kfpg]l5g\ .Æpgn] ;DklQsf] cfwf c+z kfpg]l5g\ .Æpgn] ;DklQsf] cfwf c+z kfpg]l5g\ .Æpgn] ;DklQsf] cfwf c+z kfpg]l5g\ .Æ

æææææd[tssf] s'g} ;Gtfg 5 eg] d[tssf dftflktfdWo] k|To]snfO{d[tssf] s'g} ;Gtfg 5 eg] d[tssf dftflktfdWo] k|To]snfO{d[tssf] s'g} ;Gtfg 5 eg] d[tssf dftflktfdWo] k|To]snfO{d[tssf] s'g} ;Gtfg 5 eg] d[tssf dftflktfdWo] k|To]snfO{d[tssf] s'g} ;Gtfg 5 eg] d[tssf dftflktfdWo] k|To]snfO{d[tsn] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQsf] 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, ;Gtfgd[tsn] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQsf] 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, ;Gtfgd[tsn] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQsf] 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, ;Gtfgd[tsn] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQsf] 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, ;Gtfgd[tsn] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQsf] 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, ;Gtfg5}g / pQ/flwsf/L s]jn cfdf–afa' g} x'g\ eg] cfdfs] c+z5}g / pQ/flwsf/L s]jn cfdf–afa' g} x'g\ eg] cfdfs] c+z5}g / pQ/flwsf/L s]jn cfdf–afa' g} x'g\ eg] cfdfs] c+z5}g / pQ/flwsf/L s]jn cfdf–afa' g} x'g\ eg] cfdfs] c+z5}g / pQ/flwsf/L s]jn cfdf–afa' g} x'g\ eg] cfdfs] c+zPs ltxfO{ x'g]5 -afFsL b'O{ ltxfO{ afa'sf] x'g]5_ . /, d[tssf]Ps ltxfO{ x'g]5 -afFsL b'O{ ltxfO{ afa'sf] x'g]5_ . /, d[tssf]Ps ltxfO{ x'g]5 -afFsL b'O{ ltxfO{ afa'sf] x'g]5_ . /, d[tssf]Ps ltxfO{ x'g]5 -afFsL b'O{ ltxfO{ afa'sf] x'g]5_ . /, d[tssf]Ps ltxfO{ x'g]5 -afFsL b'O{ ltxfO{ afa'sf] x'g]5_ . /, d[tssf]bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgL 5g\ eg] cfdfsf] c+z ;DklQsf] 5}7f}+bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgL 5g\ eg] cfdfsf] c+z ;DklQsf] 5}7f}+bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgL 5g\ eg] cfdfsf] c+z ;DklQsf] 5}7f}+bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgL 5g\ eg] cfdfsf] c+z ;DklQsf] 5}7f}+bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgL 5g\ eg] cfdfsf] c+z ;DklQsf] 5}7f}+efu x'g]5 . -oL c+za08f d[tssf]_ j;Lot -clGtd cfb]z_efu x'g]5 . -oL c+za08f d[tssf]_ j;Lot -clGtd cfb]z_efu x'g]5 . -oL c+za08f d[tssf]_ j;Lot -clGtd cfb]z_efu x'g]5 . -oL c+za08f d[tssf]_ j;Lot -clGtd cfb]z_efu x'g]5 . -oL c+za08f d[tssf]_ j;Lot -clGtd cfb]z_k"/f u/]kl5 / p;dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjogk"/f u/]kl5 / p;dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjogk"/f u/]kl5 / p;dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjogk"/f u/]kl5 / p;dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjogk"/f u/]kl5 / p;dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjogx'g]5 . ltdLx¿sf dftflktf / ;Gtfgx¿dWo] ltd|fnflu sf]x'g]5 . ltdLx¿sf dftflktf / ;Gtfgx¿dWo] ltd|fnflu sf]x'g]5 . ltdLx¿sf dftflktf / ;Gtfgx¿dWo] ltd|fnflu sf]x'g]5 . ltdLx¿sf dftflktf / ;Gtfgx¿dWo] ltd|fnflu sf]x'g]5 . ltdLx¿sf dftflktf / ;Gtfgx¿dWo] ltd|fnflu sf]a9L nfebfos x'g]5 eGg] s'/f ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g . oLa9L nfebfos x'g]5 eGg] s'/f ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g . oLa9L nfebfos x'g]5 eGg] s'/f ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g . oLa9L nfebfos x'g]5 eGg] s'/f ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g . oLa9L nfebfos x'g]5 eGg] s'/f ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g . oLcNnfxåf/f lgwf{l/t c+zx¿ x'g\ . lg:;Gb]x cNnfx ;j{1 /cNnfxåf/f lgwf{l/t c+zx¿ x'g\ . lg:;Gb]x cNnfx ;j{1 /cNnfxåf/f lgwf{l/t c+zx¿ x'g\ . lg:;Gb]x cNnfx ;j{1 /cNnfxåf/f lgwf{l/t c+zx¿ x'g\ . lg:;Gb]x cNnfx ;j{1 /cNnfxåf/f lgwf{l/t c+zx¿ x'g\ . lg:;Gb]x cNnfx ;j{1 /tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg $M!!_tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg $M!!_tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg $M!!_tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg $M!!_tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg $M!!_

ltd|f kTgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQdf pgLx¿sf s'g} ;Gtfgltd|f kTgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQdf pgLx¿sf s'g} ;Gtfgltd|f kTgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQdf pgLx¿sf s'g} ;Gtfgltd|f kTgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQdf pgLx¿sf s'g} ;Gtfgltd|f kTgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQdf pgLx¿sf s'g} ;GtfggePdf ltdLx¿nfO{ cfwf c+z k|fKt x'g]5 t/ pgLx¿sf]gePdf ltdLx¿nfO{ cfwf c+z k|fKt x'g]5 t/ pgLx¿sf]gePdf ltdLx¿nfO{ cfwf c+z k|fKt x'g]5 t/ pgLx¿sf]gePdf ltdLx¿nfO{ cfwf c+z k|fKt x'g]5 t/ pgLx¿sf]gePdf ltdLx¿nfO{ cfwf c+z k|fKt x'g]5 t/ pgLx¿sf];Gtfg ePdf pgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf ;DklQdWo] ltdLx¿nfO{ rf}yf];Gtfg ePdf pgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf ;DklQdWo] ltdLx¿nfO{ rf}yf];Gtfg ePdf pgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf ;DklQdWo] ltdLx¿nfO{ rf}yf];Gtfg ePdf pgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf ;DklQdWo] ltdLx¿nfO{ rf}yf];Gtfg ePdf pgLx¿n] 5f]8]sf ;DklQdWo] ltdLx¿nfO{ rf}yf]efu k|fKt x'g]5 . of] pgLx¿n] u/]sf] j;Lot -clGtd cfb]z_efu k|fKt x'g]5 . of] pgLx¿n] u/]sf] j;Lot -clGtd cfb]z_efu k|fKt x'g]5 . of] pgLx¿n] u/]sf] j;Lot -clGtd cfb]z_efu k|fKt x'g]5 . of] pgLx¿n] u/]sf] j;Lot -clGtd cfb]z_efu k|fKt x'g]5 . of] pgLx¿n] u/]sf] j;Lot -clGtd cfb]z_

44


k"/f u/]kl5 / pgLx¿dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dfqk"/f u/]kl5 / pgLx¿dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dfqk"/f u/]kl5 / pgLx¿dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dfqk"/f u/]kl5 / pgLx¿dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dfqk"/f u/]kl5 / pgLx¿dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dfqsfof{Gjog x'g]5 . olb ltdL -k'?if_ x¿sf] s'g} ;Gtfg gePdfsfof{Gjog x'g]5 . olb ltdL -k'?if_ x¿sf] s'g} ;Gtfg gePdfsfof{Gjog x'g]5 . olb ltdL -k'?if_ x¿sf] s'g} ;Gtfg gePdfsfof{Gjog x'g]5 . olb ltdL -k'?if_ x¿sf] s'g} ;Gtfg gePdfsfof{Gjog x'g]5 . olb ltdL -k'?if_ x¿sf] s'g} ;Gtfg gePdfltdLx¿n] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQdf ltd|f kTgLx¿nfO{ rf}yfO{ efultdLx¿n] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQdf ltd|f kTgLx¿nfO{ rf}yfO{ efultdLx¿n] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQdf ltd|f kTgLx¿nfO{ rf}yfO{ efultdLx¿n] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQdf ltd|f kTgLx¿nfO{ rf}yfO{ efultdLx¿n] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQdf ltd|f kTgLx¿nfO{ rf}yfO{ efuk|fKt x'g]5 . t/, ;Gtfg /x]sf] v08df kTgLx¿nfO{ cf7f}+k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, ;Gtfg /x]sf] v08df kTgLx¿nfO{ cf7f}+k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, ;Gtfg /x]sf] v08df kTgLx¿nfO{ cf7f}+k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, ;Gtfg /x]sf] v08df kTgLx¿nfO{ cf7f}+k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, ;Gtfg /x]sf] v08df kTgLx¿nfO{ cf7f}+efu k|fKt x'g]5 . of] ltdLx¿n] u/]sf] jl;ot -clGtd cfb]z_efu k|fKt x'g]5 . of] ltdLx¿n] u/]sf] jl;ot -clGtd cfb]z_efu k|fKt x'g]5 . of] ltdLx¿n] u/]sf] jl;ot -clGtd cfb]z_efu k|fKt x'g]5 . of] ltdLx¿n] u/]sf] jl;ot -clGtd cfb]z_efu k|fKt x'g]5 . of] ltdLx¿n] u/]sf] jl;ot -clGtd cfb]z_k"/f ePkl5 / ltdLx¿dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dqk"/f ePkl5 / ltdLx¿dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dqk"/f ePkl5 / ltdLx¿dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dqk"/f ePkl5 / ltdLx¿dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dqk"/f ePkl5 / ltdLx¿dfly /x]sf] C0f r'Qmf ePkl5 dqsfof{Gjog x'g]5 .sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .

olb s'g} k'?if jf dlxnfsf] dftflktf jf ;Gtfg -hLljt_ 5}golb s'g} k'?if jf dlxnfsf] dftflktf jf ;Gtfg -hLljt_ 5}golb s'g} k'?if jf dlxnfsf] dftflktf jf ;Gtfg -hLljt_ 5}golb s'g} k'?if jf dlxnfsf] dftflktf jf ;Gtfg -hLljt_ 5}golb s'g} k'?if jf dlxnfsf] dftflktf jf ;Gtfg -hLljt_ 5}gt/ bfh'efO jf lbbLalxgLdWo] of t Pshgf bfh' jf efO 5t/ bfh'efO jf lbbLalxgLdWo] of t Pshgf bfh' jf efO 5t/ bfh'efO jf lbbLalxgLdWo] of t Pshgf bfh' jf efO 5t/ bfh'efO jf lbbLalxgLdWo] of t Pshgf bfh' jf efO 5t/ bfh'efO jf lbbLalxgLdWo] of t Pshgf bfh' jf efO 5ls t Pshgf lbbL jf alxgL 5 eg] o:tf] l:yltdf bfh'–efOls t Pshgf lbbL jf alxgL 5 eg] o:tf] l:yltdf bfh'–efOls t Pshgf lbbL jf alxgL 5 eg] o:tf] l:yltdf bfh'–efOls t Pshgf lbbL jf alxgL 5 eg] o:tf] l:yltdf bfh'–efOls t Pshgf lbbL jf alxgL 5 eg] o:tf] l:yltdf bfh'–efOjf lbbLalxgL x/]snfO{ 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, bfh'efO{jf lbbLalxgL x/]snfO{ 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, bfh'efO{jf lbbLalxgL x/]snfO{ 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, bfh'efO{jf lbbLalxgL x/]snfO{ 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, bfh'efO{jf lbbLalxgL x/]snfO{ 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . t/, bfh'efO{jf lbbLalxgLsf] ;+Vof PseGbf a9L 5 eg] pgLx¿ ;a}n] Psjf lbbLalxgLsf] ;+Vof PseGbf a9L 5 eg] pgLx¿ ;a}n] Psjf lbbLalxgLsf] ;+Vof PseGbf a9L 5 eg] pgLx¿ ;a}n] Psjf lbbLalxgLsf] ;+Vof PseGbf a9L 5 eg] pgLx¿ ;a}n] Psjf lbbLalxgLsf] ;+Vof PseGbf a9L 5 eg] pgLx¿ ;a}n] PsltxfO{dWo]af6 c+z kfpg]5 . of] jl;ot k"/f u/]kl5 / C0fltxfO{dWo]af6 c+z kfpg]5 . of] jl;ot k"/f u/]kl5 / C0fltxfO{dWo]af6 c+z kfpg]5 . of] jl;ot k"/f u/]kl5 / C0fltxfO{dWo]af6 c+z kfpg]5 . of] jl;ot k"/f u/]kl5 / C0fltxfO{dWo]af6 c+z kfpg]5 . of] jl;ot k"/f u/]kl5 / C0fr'Qmf ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjog x'g]5Ù zt{ of] 5 ls o;dfr'Qmf ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjog x'g]5Ù zt{ of] 5 ls o;dfr'Qmf ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjog x'g]5Ù zt{ of] 5 ls o;dfr'Qmf ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjog x'g]5Ù zt{ of] 5 ls o;dfr'Qmf ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjog x'g]5Ù zt{ of] 5 ls o;dfs;}nfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] dg;fo gxf];\ . of] cNnfxsf] cfb]zs;}nfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] dg;fo gxf];\ . of] cNnfxsf] cfb]zs;}nfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] dg;fo gxf];\ . of] cNnfxsf] cfb]zs;}nfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] dg;fo gxf];\ . of] cNnfxsf] cfb]zs;}nfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] dg;fo gxf];\ . of] cNnfxsf] cfb]zxf] / cNnfx ;j{1 / ;xgzLn 5g\ . -s'/cfg $M!@_xf] / cNnfx ;j{1 / ;xgzLn 5g\ . -s'/cfg $M!@_xf] / cNnfx ;j{1 / ;xgzLn 5g\ . -s'/cfg $M!@_xf] / cNnfx ;j{1 / ;xgzLn 5g\ . -s'/cfg $M!@_xf] / cNnfx ;j{1 / ;xgzLn 5g\ . -s'/cfg $M!@_

æx] ;Gb]i6f Û logLx¿ ltdLl;t wdf{b]z -kmtjf_ ;f]Wb}5g\ .x] ;Gb]i6f Û logLx¿ ltdLl;t wdf{b]z -kmtjf_ ;f]Wb}5g\ .x] ;Gb]i6f Û logLx¿ ltdLl;t wdf{b]z -kmtjf_ ;f]Wb}5g\ .x] ;Gb]i6f Û logLx¿ ltdLl;t wdf{b]z -kmtjf_ ;f]Wb}5g\ .x] ;Gb]i6f Û logLx¿ ltdLl;t wdf{b]z -kmtjf_ ;f]Wb}5g\ .elgb]pm– æcNnfx ltdLx¿nfO{ …snfnfÚ af/] of] wdf{b]z lbG5g\elgb]pm– æcNnfx ltdLx¿nfO{ …snfnfÚ af/] of] wdf{b]z lbG5g\elgb]pm– æcNnfx ltdLx¿nfO{ …snfnfÚ af/] of] wdf{b]z lbG5g\elgb]pm– æcNnfx ltdLx¿nfO{ …snfnfÚ af/] of] wdf{b]z lbG5g\elgb]pm– æcNnfx ltdLx¿nfO{ …snfnfÚ af/] of] wdf{b]z lbG5g\ls olb s'g} JolQm lgM;Gtfg d5{ / p;sf] Pshgf lbbL jfls olb s'g} JolQm lgM;Gtfg d5{ / p;sf] Pshgf lbbL jfls olb s'g} JolQm lgM;Gtfg d5{ / p;sf] Pshgf lbbL jfls olb s'g} JolQm lgM;Gtfg d5{ / p;sf] Pshgf lbbL jfls olb s'g} JolQm lgM;Gtfg d5{ / p;sf] Pshgf lbbL jfalxgL dfq l5g\ eg] pgn] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQsf] cfwf c+z tLalxgL dfq l5g\ eg] pgn] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQsf] cfwf c+z tLalxgL dfq l5g\ eg] pgn] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQsf] cfwf c+z tLalxgL dfq l5g\ eg] pgn] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQsf] cfwf c+z tLalxgL dfq l5g\ eg] pgn] 5f]8]sf] ;DklQsf] cfwf c+z tLlbbL jf alxgLn] kfpg] l5g\ . t/, olb lgM;Gtfg lbbL jflbbL jf alxgLn] kfpg] l5g\ . t/, olb lgM;Gtfg lbbL jflbbL jf alxgLn] kfpg] l5g\ . t/, olb lgM;Gtfg lbbL jflbbL jf alxgLn] kfpg] l5g\ . t/, olb lgM;Gtfg lbbL jflbbL jf alxgLn] kfpg] l5g\ . t/, olb lgM;Gtfg lbbL jfalxgLsf] d[To' x'G5 / Pshgf bfh' jf efO dfq 5 eg] Tof]alxgLsf] d[To' x'G5 / Pshgf bfh' jf efO dfq 5 eg] Tof]alxgLsf] d[To' x'G5 / Pshgf bfh' jf efO dfq 5 eg] Tof]alxgLsf] d[To' x'G5 / Pshgf bfh' jf efO dfq 5 eg] Tof]alxgLsf] d[To' x'G5 / Pshgf bfh' jf efO dfq 5 eg] Tof]To;sf] jfl/; x'g]5 o; zt{df ls To; lbbL jf alxgLsfTo;sf] jfl/; x'g]5 o; zt{df ls To; lbbL jf alxgLsfTo;sf] jfl/; x'g]5 o; zt{df ls To; lbbL jf alxgLsfTo;sf] jfl/; x'g]5 o; zt{df ls To; lbbL jf alxgLsfTo;sf] jfl/; x'g]5 o; zt{df ls To; lbbL jf alxgLsfs'g} ;Gtfg gxf];\ . olb d[tssf jfl/; b'O{j6L lbbL jfs'g} ;Gtfg gxf];\ . olb d[tssf jfl/; b'O{j6L lbbL jfs'g} ;Gtfg gxf];\ . olb d[tssf jfl/; b'O{j6L lbbL jfs'g} ;Gtfg gxf];\ . olb d[tssf jfl/; b'O{j6L lbbL jfs'g} ;Gtfg gxf];\ . olb d[tssf jfl/; b'O{j6L lbbL jfalxgL 5g\ eg] pgLx¿ b'O{ ltxfO{ c+zsf xsbf/ x'g]5g\ . /,alxgL 5g\ eg] pgLx¿ b'O{ ltxfO{ c+zsf xsbf/ x'g]5g\ . /,alxgL 5g\ eg] pgLx¿ b'O{ ltxfO{ c+zsf xsbf/ x'g]5g\ . /,alxgL 5g\ eg] pgLx¿ b'O{ ltxfO{ c+zsf xsbf/ x'g]5g\ . /,alxgL 5g\ eg] pgLx¿ b'O{ ltxfO{ c+zsf xsbf/ x'g]5g\ . /,olb s}of}+ bfh' jf efO tyf lbbL jf alxgLx¿ 5g\ eg] Psolb s}of}+ bfh' jf efO tyf lbbL jf alxgLx¿ 5g\ eg] Psolb s}of}+ bfh' jf efO tyf lbbL jf alxgLx¿ 5g\ eg] Psolb s}of}+ bfh' jf efO tyf lbbL jf alxgLx¿ 5g\ eg] Psolb s}of}+ bfh' jf efO tyf lbbL jf alxgLx¿ 5g\ eg] Psk'?ifsf] c+z b'O{ dlxnfsf] ck'?ifsf] c+z b'O{ dlxnfsf] ck'?ifsf] c+z b'O{ dlxnfsf] ck'?ifsf] c+z b'O{ dlxnfsf] ck'?ifsf] c+z b'O{ dlxnfsf] c+z a/fa/ x'g]5+z a/fa/ x'g]5+z a/fa/ x'g]5+z a/fa/ x'g]5+z a/fa/ x'g]5======================================================= . . . . .ÆÆÆÆÆ -$M!&^_ -$M!&^_ -$M!&^_ -$M!&^_ -$M!&^_

w]/} h;f] cj:yfdf dlxnfx¿nfO{ k'?ifsf] cfwf k|fKt x'G5, t/ ;w}o:tf] x'Fb}g . olb d[tssf 7"nf jf ;fgf s'g} klg gft]bf/ 5}gg\, t/ cfkm\g}

45


bfh'efO jf lbbLalxgL 5g\ eg] logLx¿dWo] k|To]s xsbf/nfO{ 5}7f}+ c+zk|fKt x'g]5 . olb d[tssf ;Gtfg 5g\ eg] cfdfafa' b'a}nfO{ a/fa/ c+z k|fKtx'G5 . cyf{t\\, 5f]8]sf] ;DklQ ld/f;sf] 5}6f}+ efu . s]xL cj:yfdf dlxnfx¿nfO{k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf bf]Aa/ c+z k|fKt x'G5 . olb d[ts dlxnf xf], h;sf s'g};Gtfg 5}gg\ / s'g} bfh'efO{ jf lbbLalxgL klg 5}gg\ t/ klt, cfdf / afa'dfq 5g\ eg] o:tf] cj:yfdf kltnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ k}lqs ;DklQsf] cfwf, cfdfnfO{Ps ltxfO{ / afa'nfO{ 5}7f}+ efu k|fKt x'g]5 . ;fdfGo sfg"g cg';f/ k'?ifsf]bfFhf]df dlxnfnfO{ cfwf efu k|fKt x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;xL xf] . h:t}M–

!_ 5f]/fsf] t'ngfdf 5f]/LnfO{ cfwf lx:;f k|fKt x'G5 .

@_ olb d[tsn] ;Gtfg 5f]8]sf] 5}g eg] kTgLnfO{ cf7f}+ lx:;f / kltnfO{rf}yfO{ lx:;f k|fKt x'G5 .

#_ olb d[tsn] s'g} ;Gtfg 5f]8]sf] 5 eg] kTgLnfO{ rf}yfO{ / kltnfO{cfwf lx:;f k|fKt x'G5 .

$_ olb d[tssf dflyNnf jf tNnf s'g} klg gft]bf/ 5}gg\ eg] lbbLalxgLnfO{bfh'efOsf] t'ngfdf cfwf lx:;f k|fKt x'G5 .

O:nfddf dlxnfsf] lhDdfdf cfly{s lhDd]jf/L 5}g . of] lhDd]jf/Lk'?ifnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . dlxnfsf] ljjfxeGbf klxn] afa' jf bfh'efOsf] of]lhDd]jf/L x'G5 ls p;n] 5f]/L jf lbbLalxgLsf] vfg] a:g] / cGo cfly{scjZostf k"/f u/f];\ . ljjfxkl5 of] lhDd]jf/L klt jf 5f]/fsf] x'G5 .O:nfd 3/]n' cfjZostfx¿nfO{ k"/f ug{] lhDd]jf/L k'?ifdfly /fVb5 . k'?ifdflybf]xf]/f] lhDd]jf/L x'G5 . To;}n] p;nfO{ bf]Aa/ lx:;f k|fKt x'G5 . h:tf] lss'g} JolQmsf] d[To'kl5 p;n] Ps 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/LnfO{ Ps nfv krf; xhf/5f]8]/ uPsf] eg] o:tf] cj:yfdf 5f]/fnfO{ Ps nfv / 5f]/LnfO{ %) xhf/k|fKt x'G5 . k'?if -5f]/f_ n] 3/ vr{df nueu *) xhf/ nufpF5 / p;nfO{cfkm\g} vr{sf nflu d'l:snn] @) xhf/ ¿k}ofF aR5 . csf{]lt/ 5f]/L h;nfO{%) xhf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 pgn] s'g} lhDd]jf/L af]Sg' gkg{] ePsfn] c¿sfnfluPs k};f klg vr{ x'Fb}g . pm k"/} /sd cfˆgf]]nflu /fVg ;Sb5] . tkfO{+ oL b'O{cj:yf dWo] s'gnfO{ /f]Hg' x'G5, Ps nfv kfP/ *) xhf/ vr{ ug{'kg{]nfO{ jf%) xhf/ kfP/ ;a} cfkm}+nfO{ /fVg kfpg'nfO{====

46


!@= k/nf]sM d[To"kl5sf] hLjg

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM tkfO{+ k/nf]s cyf{t\ d[To'kl5sf] hLjgnfO{ s;/L k|dfl0ft ug{;Sg'x'G5 <

pQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/MpQ/M a}1flgs / tfls{s ;f]r ePsf] JolQmn] s;/L k/nf]sjfbnfO{:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sb5 eg]/ s]xL dflg;x¿ cfZro{ k|s6 ub{5g\ . pgLx¿k/nf]sdf ljZjf; ug{]x¿ cGwljZjf;L x'G5g\ eGg] s'/f dfGb5g\ . jf:tjdfk/nf]ssf] wf/0ff Pp6f ts{;+ut wf/0ff xf] . kljq s'/cfgdf Ps xhf/eGbfa9L o:tf cfotx¿ 5g\ h;df j}1flgs tYonfO{ aofg ul/Psf] 5 . oLtYox¿df tL tYox¿ klg ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ h;sf]] hfgsf/L s]xLztfAbLklxn] dfq ePsf] xf] . t/ jf:tjdf lj1fg cfh;Dd o; xb;Ddk'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g h;n] s'/cfgsf k|To]s jf:tljs ;TotfnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{;sf];\ .

dfgf}+ kljq s'/cfgdf pNn]lvt tYosf] *)Ü efu lj1fgsf] s;f}6LdfplePsf] 5 eg] afFsL @)Ü efusf af/]df lj1fg s'g} ;xL lg0f{o lbg c;dy{5 eGg ;lsG5 . clxn];Dd lj1fg cfˆgf]] pGgltdf To; :t/;Dd k'Ug;s]sf] 5}g h;n] kljq s'/cfgdf aofg ePsf] s'/fnfO{ k'li6 ug{ jf OGsf/ug{ ;sf];\ . xfdL cfˆgf]] ;Lldt hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df ljZjf;sf;fy s'/cfgsf]aofgsf] Ps k|ltzt c+z klg unt / uNtLdf cfwfl/t 5 eg]/ eGg;Sb}gf}+ . kljq s'/cfgsf] ;Dk"0f{ aofgsf] olb *)Ü jf:tljs ¿kdf ;xLk|dfl0ft x'G5 eg] k/nf]s jf d'To'kl5sf] hLjgsf] sNkgf o;} @)Ü efu;Fu;DalGwt 5 h;sf af/]df a'l4 oxL eG5 ls To;nfO{ ;xL / q'l6/lxt ePsf]:jLsf/ ul/of];\ .

8s}tL jf n'6df/ /fd|f] s'/f xf] jf v/fa eGg] ;DaGwdf Pp6f ;/n:jefjsf] JolQmn] To;nfO{ v/fa g} dfGb5 . k/nf]sdf ljZjf; g/fVg]JolQmn] Pp6f 7"nf] ck/fwLnfO{ n'6df/ jf 8s}tL Pp6f v/fa sfd xf] eg]/s;/L ;Gt'i6 kfg{ ;Sb5 < dfgf}+ ls d ;+;f/sf] Pp6f 7"nf] ck/fwL x'F .o;sf ;fy} d cToGt a'l4dfg / ts{sf cfwf/df s'g} s'/f dfGg] JolQm x'F .n'6df/ ug{' ;xL xf] lsgls o;af6 dnfO{ cf/fd;fy el/k"0f{ hLjg latfpg

47


d2t k'Ub5 eg]/ d eGb5' . T;;}n] n'6df/ d]/f]nflu ;xL xf] eGg] ts{/fVb5' . ca olb s'g} JolQmn] Tof] v/fa x'g'sf] s'g} Pp6f dfq klg ts{ k]zug{ ;Sof] eg] d To;af6 t'?Gt /f]lsG5' .

s;}n] eGg ;S5 ls h'g dflg;nfO{ n'l6Psf] 5 pm 7"nf] sl7gfOsf]lzsf/ x'g hfG5 . h;nfO{ n'l6G5 p;sfnflu of] v/fa xf] eGg] s'/f d klgdfGb5' . t/ d]/fnflu of] /fd|f] xf] lsgls olb d}n] n'6kf6 u/]/ Ps nfv¿k}ofF k|fKt u/]+ eg] kfFrtf/] xf]6ndf :jflbi6 vfgfx¿sf] cfgGb lng ;S5' .s;}n] tkfO{+{ klg t n'l6g ;Sg' x'G5 lg eg]/ dnfO{ cfˆgf]] ts{ lbg ;S5 .t/ o;sf] hjfkmdf d eGg' ;S5' ls d Ps cToGt zlQmzfnL ck/fwL x'F /d cfkm";Fu ;of}+ c+u/Ifsx¿ /fVb5' . To;}n] d;Fu o:tf] n'6kf6 x'g ;Sb}g .o;sf/0f d t h;nfO{ klg n'6\g ;S5' t/ dnfO{ c¿ s;}n] n'6\g ;Sb}g .n'6kf6 ug{' Pp6f ;fdfGo dflg;sfnflu t vt/gfs x'g ;Sb5 t/ Pp6fk|efjzfnL JolQmsfnflu x'Fb}g .

s;}n] eGg ;S5 ls olb tkfO{+ n'6df/ ug{'x'G5 eg] k|x/Ln] tkfO{+nfO{lu/ˆtf/ ug{ ;Sb5 . o;sf] hjfkmdf d k|x/L d]/f] k|efjdf ePsf]n] dnfO{lu/ˆtf/ ug{ ;Sb}g eG5' . o;/L g} s}og\ dGqL / /fhg]tfx¿;d]t d]/f]k|efjdf 5g\ . d of] s'/fk|lt ;xdt 5' ls olb Pp6f dflg; 8s}tL jfn'6df/ ub{5 eg] pm lu/ˆtf/ x'g ;Sb5 / of] s'/f p;sfnflu v/fa x'G5t/ s'g} c;fwf/0f zlQm / kx'Fr /fVg] ck/fwLsf] k|x/Ln] s]xL klg laufg{;Sb}g .

s]xL dflg;x¿ n'6kf6sf] wg ;lhn};Fu k|fKt x'g] sdfO{ xf] d]xgtsf]sdfO{ xf]Og eGg ;Sb5g\ . d of] s'/fk|lt k"0f{ ¿kdf ;xdt 5' . d eGg;S5' ls o;}sf/0fn] d n'6kf6 u5{' . olb Pp6f a'l4dfg\ JolQmsf cufl8b'O{6f lasNk eP cyf{t\ pm ;lhn} lagf >d klg wg sdfpg ;Sb5 /kl/>dsf ;fy klg eg] lgZro g} pm ;lhnf] t/LsfnfO{ dg k/fpF5 . To:t}s]xL dflg;x¿ n'6kf6 ug{' dfgjtfsf] lj?4 xf] / Ps JolQmn] csf{] JolQmsf]lxtnfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ eGg ;Sb5g\ . d o; ts{nfO{ cflv/ dfgjtfsf]gfdsf] of] lgod s;n] agfof] / d lsg o;sf] kfngf u¿F eGg] hjfkm lbg;Sb5' . of] lgod efj's dflg;sfnflu t /fd|f] x'g ;Sb5 . t/ d ts{df

48


ljZjf; ug{] JolQm x'F d c¿sf] lxtsf] jf:tf ug{'df s'g} nfe b]lVbg eGg]hjfkm lbg ;Sb5' . To:t} s]xL dflg;n] n'6kf6 ug{' Pp6f :jfy{k"0f sfo{ xf]eGg] ts{ /fVg ;Sb5g\ . n'6kf6 ug{' Pp6f :jfy{k"0f{ sfo{ xf] eGg] s'/f d:jLsf/ ub{5' . t/ d lsg :jfyL{ gag"F h;n] dnfO{ cfgGbk"0f{ hLjg Jolttug{ d2t ub{5 eGg] hjfkm d lbg ;Sb5' .

o;/L n'6df/ Pp6f v/fa sfd xf] eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug{ k|:t'tul/Psf ts{x¿ a]sf/ x'g hfG5g\ . oL k|df0f / ts{n] ;fdfGo dflg;nfO{;Gt'i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 t/ s'g} zlQmzfnL / k|efjzfnL s'Voft ck/fwLnfO{;Gt'i6 kfg{ ;ls+b}g . logLx¿dWo] s'g} klg k|df0f tfls{s cfwf/df k|:t'tug{ ;ls+b}g . of] ;+;f/ ck/fwL dgl:yltsf dflg;x¿n] el/Psf] 5 eGg'dfs'g} cfZro{ nfUb}g . o;}ul/ wf]sf / anfTsf/ cflb v/fa s'/f x'g\ eGg] s'/fs'g} klg tfls{s k|df0fn] s'g} klg zlQmzfnL / k|efjzfnL ck/fwLnfO{;Gt'i6 kfg{ ;ls+b}g .

ca xfdL o; ;d:ofk|lt Pp6f csf{] t/Lsfaf6 s'/fsfgL u5f}{ .dfGg'xf];\ ls tkfO{+ ;+;f/sf] Pp6f cToGt k|efjzfnL / zlQmzfnL ck/fwLxf] . tkfO{+sf] k|efjdf k|x/L, dGqL, g]tf ;a} 5g\ / tkfO{+;Fu ;'/Iffsfnflukmf}h g} kmf}h 5g\ . tkfO{+nfO{ Pp6f d'l:ndn] of] s'/f dfGg afWo agfpg;Sb5 ls n'6df/ ug{', wf]sf lbg', anfTsf/ ug{' s'sd{ ug{' oL ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx¿v/fa / unt 5g\ .

k|To]s JolQm Gofo rfxG5 . olb pm c¿sfnflu Gofosf] OR5's gePklg cfˆgf]] nflu cjZo g} Gofosf] clenfiff ub{5 . s]xL dflg; zlQm /k|efjsf] gzfdf r'n'{Dd 8'A5g\ / c¿nfO{ b'Mv si6 k'¥ofpF5g\ . olb oLdflg;x¿;Fu s'g} cGofo eof] eg] pgLx¿nfO{ To;k|lt lzsfot x'G5 .o:tf dflg; hf] c¿sf] b'Mv dx;'; ub{}g jf:tjdf tL zlQm / k|efjsfk'hf/L x'G5g\ . logLx¿ cfˆgf]] zlQm / k|efj c¿dfly cTofrf/ ug{ dfqk|of]u ub{}gg\ a¿ p;dfly c¿n] ug{] cTofrf/af6 ;d]t /f]S5g\ .

Ps d'l:ndsf] x}l;otn] s'g} JolQm s'g} ck/fwLnfO{ O{Zj/sf] cl:tTjsf]af/]df afWo kfg{ ;S5 . oL O{Zj/ s'g} klg ck/fwLeGbf zlQmzfnL 5g\ /x/]s;Fu Gofo u5{g\ . kljq s'/cfgdf cfPsf] 5–

49


æO{Zj/ slxNo} s0f a/fa/ klg cGofo ub{}gg\ .Æ -$M$)_æO{Zj/ slxNo} s0f a/fa/ klg cGofo ub{}gg\ .Æ -$M$)_æO{Zj/ slxNo} s0f a/fa/ klg cGofo ub{}gg\ .Æ -$M$)_æO{Zj/ slxNo} s0f a/fa/ klg cGofo ub{}gg\ .Æ -$M$)_æO{Zj/ slxNo} s0f a/fa/ klg cGofo ub{}gg\ .Æ -$M$)_

Pp6f o:tf] ck/fwL hf] a'l4 / lj1fgdf ljZjf; /fVb5 pm s'/cfgsf]a}1flgs tYox¿nfO{ b]v]kl5 O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj /x]sf] s'/fdf ;xdt x'G5 .p;n] of] ts{ lbg ;S5 ls, O{Zj/ zlQmzfnL / GofoL x'Fbf x'Fb} klg p;nfO{ck/fwsfnflu ;hfoF lsg lbb}gg\ .

k|To]s kLl8t JolQmn] cGofo ug{] JolQmsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhsl:ylt s] 5 eGg] s'/f gx]/L cTofrf/LnfO{ ;hfoF lbg rfxG5 . Pp6f;fdfGo JolQm rf]/ / anfTsf/LnfO{ lzIffk|b ;hfoF lbg rfxG5 . w]/}ck/fwLx¿nfO{ ;hfoF x'g] ub{5 tfklg w]/}h;f] ck/fwLx¿ sfg"gsf] ks8af6ar]/ lg:sg ;kmn x'G5g\ . pm ef]u– ljnf;k"0f{ hLjg Joltt ub{5 / ;'vr}gsf ;fy /xG5 . olb o:tf JolQmnfO{ pmeGbf a9L zlQmzfnL / k|efjzfnLJolQmn] cTofrf/ u¥of] eg] cTofrf/LnfO{ ;hfoF lbg'kg{] p;sf] clenfiffx'G5 .

of] ;+;f/ k/nf]ssfnflu k/LIff :yn xf] . kljq s'/cfgdf pNn]vePsf] 5–

æh;n] d[To' tyf hLjg ;[li6 u/] tfls ltdLx¿nfO{ k/LIffæh;n] d[To' tyf hLjg ;[li6 u/] tfls ltdLx¿nfO{ k/LIffæh;n] d[To' tyf hLjg ;[li6 u/] tfls ltdLx¿nfO{ k/LIffæh;n] d[To' tyf hLjg ;[li6 u/] tfls ltdLx¿nfO{ k/LIffæh;n] d[To' tyf hLjg ;[li6 u/] tfls ltdLx¿nfO{ k/LIfflnP/ x]¿g\ ls sf] /fd|f] sfd u5{ . /, pgL k|e'TjzfnL Pj+lnP/ x]¿g\ ls sf] /fd|f] sfd u5{ . /, pgL k|e'TjzfnL Pj+lnP/ x]¿g\ ls sf] /fd|f] sfd u5{ . /, pgL k|e'TjzfnL Pj+lnP/ x]¿g\ ls sf] /fd|f] sfd u5{ . /, pgL k|e'TjzfnL Pj+lnP/ x]¿g\ ls sf] /fd|f] sfd u5{ . /, pgL k|e'TjzfnL Pj+IfdfzLn 5g\===Æ -^&M@_IfdfzLn 5g\===Æ -^&M@_IfdfzLn 5g\===Æ -^&M@_IfdfzLn 5g\===Æ -^&M@_IfdfzLn 5g\===Æ -^&M@_

To:t} kljq s'/cfgsf] csf{] 7fpFdf cfPsf] 5–

æk|To]s k|f0fLn] d[To'sf] :jfb rfVg' k5{ . /, ltdLx¿nfO{ ltd|fæk|To]s k|f0fLn] d[To'sf] :jfb rfVg' k5{ . /, ltdLx¿nfO{ ltd|fæk|To]s k|f0fLn] d[To'sf] :jfb rfVg' k5{ . /, ltdLx¿nfO{ ltd|fæk|To]s k|f0fLn] d[To'sf] :jfb rfVg' k5{ . /, ltdLx¿nfO{ ltd|fæk|To]s k|f0fLn] d[To'sf] :jfb rfVg' k5{ . /, ltdLx¿nfO{ ltd|fk"0f{ k|ltbfg dxfk|nosf] lbg g} k|bfg ul/g]5g\ . clg h;nfO{k"0f{ k|ltbfg dxfk|nosf] lbg g} k|bfg ul/g]5g\ . clg h;nfO{k"0f{ k|ltbfg dxfk|nosf] lbg g} k|bfg ul/g]5g\ . clg h;nfO{k"0f{ k|ltbfg dxfk|nosf] lbg g} k|bfg ul/g]5g\ . clg h;nfO{k"0f{ k|ltbfg dxfk|nosf] lbg g} k|bfg ul/g]5g\ . clg h;nfO{g/saf6 arfOof] / :ju{df k|j]z u/fOof] Tof] lglZro g}g/saf6 arfOof] / :ju{df k|j]z u/fOof] Tof] lglZro g}g/saf6 arfOof] / :ju{df k|j]z u/fOof] Tof] lglZro g}g/saf6 arfOof] / :ju{df k|j]z u/fOof] Tof] lglZro g}g/saf6 arfOof] / :ju{df k|j]z u/fOof] Tof] lglZro g};kmn eof] . ;f+;fl/s hLjg t s]jn wf]sfsf] ;fdu|L xf] .Æ;kmn eof] . ;f+;fl/s hLjg t s]jn wf]sfsf] ;fdu|L xf] .Æ;kmn eof] . ;f+;fl/s hLjg t s]jn wf]sfsf] ;fdu|L xf] .Æ;kmn eof] . ;f+;fl/s hLjg t s]jn wf]sfsf] ;fdu|L xf] .Æ;kmn eof] . ;f+;fl/s hLjg t s]jn wf]sfsf] ;fdu|L xf] .Æ-s'/cfg #M!*%_-s'/cfg #M!*%_-s'/cfg #M!*%_-s'/cfg #M!*%_-s'/cfg #M!*%_

dflg;sf ;fy clGtd / k"0f{ Gofo;+ut km};nf …abnfsf] lbgÚ x'g]5 .;Dk"0f{ dfgjnfO{ k/nf]sdf lx;fa lstfasf] lbg p7fOg] 5 / lhpFbf] agfOg]5 .s'g} JolQm p;n] u/]sf] sfo{sf] ;hfoFsf] s]xL efu o;} ;+;f/df kfpg] klg;+efjgf 5 t/ clGtd ;hfoF jf Ogfd cflvt/df g} lbOg]5 . dxfg\ O{Zj/n]

50


Pp6f rf]/ / anfTsf/LnfO{ o; ;+;f/df ;hfoF lbpg\ jf glbpg\ t/ k/nf]sdfkm};nfsf] lbg ck/fwLnfO{ cjZo ;hfoF lbg]5g\ .

lx6n/n] ̂ ) nfv ox"bLx¿sf] xTof u¥of] . olb k|x/Ln] p;nfO{ lu/ˆtf/u/]sf] eP dfgjLo sfg"gn] p;nfO{ s] ;hfoF lbg ;SYof] < a9LeGbf a9Lp;nfO{ UofF; r]Da/leq xfn]/ dfg{ ;lsYof] . t/ jf:tljs ¿kdf x]l/of] eg]of] t Pp6f dfq ox"bLnfO{ UofF; r]Da/leq hnfP jfktsf] ;hfoF x'g]Yof] /afFsL %( nfv (( xhf/ ((( hgf hnfP/ dfl/Psf dflg;sf af/]df tkfO{+s] eGg'x'G5 <

t/ olb O{Zj/n] rfx] eg] lx6n/nfO{ ^) nfveGbf w]/} k6s gs{sf]cfuf]df hnfpg ;Sb5g\ . kljq s'/cfgdf cfPsf] 5–

æh;n] xfd|f cfot -Znf]s_ x¿nfO{ OGsf/ u/] ltgLx¿nfO{æh;n] xfd|f cfot -Znf]s_ x¿nfO{ OGsf/ u/] ltgLx¿nfO{æh;n] xfd|f cfot -Znf]s_ x¿nfO{ OGsf/ u/] ltgLx¿nfO{æh;n] xfd|f cfot -Znf]s_ x¿nfO{ OGsf/ u/] ltgLx¿nfO{æh;n] xfd|f cfot -Znf]s_ x¿nfO{ OGsf/ u/] ltgLx¿nfO{clUgdf xf]Dg]5f}+ . ha–ha ltgLx¿sf 5fnf 89\g]5g\ xfdLclUgdf xf]Dg]5f}+ . ha–ha ltgLx¿sf 5fnf 89\g]5g\ xfdLclUgdf xf]Dg]5f}+ . ha–ha ltgLx¿sf 5fnf 89\g]5g\ xfdLclUgdf xf]Dg]5f}+ . ha–ha ltgLx¿sf 5fnf 89\g]5g\ xfdLclUgdf xf]Dg]5f}+ . ha–ha ltgLx¿sf 5fnf 89\g]5g\ xfdLTo;sf] 7fpFdf csf]{ 5fnf pTkGg ug{]5f}+ tfls ltgLx¿n]To;sf] 7fpFdf csf]{ 5fnf pTkGg ug{]5f}+ tfls ltgLx¿n]To;sf] 7fpFdf csf]{ 5fnf pTkGg ug{]5f}+ tfls ltgLx¿n]To;sf] 7fpFdf csf]{ 5fnf pTkGg ug{]5f}+ tfls ltgLx¿n]To;sf] 7fpFdf csf]{ 5fnf pTkGg ug{]5f}+ tfls ltgLx¿n]oftgfsf] dhf rfv"g\ . lgZro g} cNnfx ;j{zlQmdfg Pj+oftgfsf] dhf rfv"g\ . lgZro g} cNnfx ;j{zlQmdfg Pj+oftgfsf] dhf rfv"g\ . lgZro g} cNnfx ;j{zlQmdfg Pj+oftgfsf] dhf rfv"g\ . lgZro g} cNnfx ;j{zlQmdfg Pj+oftgfsf] dhf rfv"g\ . lgZro g} cNnfx ;j{zlQmdfg Pj+tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg $M%^_tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg $M%^_tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg $M%^_tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg $M%^_tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg $M%^_

o;/L k/nf]ssf] wf/0ff lagf tkfO{+ s'g} cTofrf/Lsf cufl8 c;nv/fa / dfgjLo d"No Pj+ dfGotfsf] jf:tljstfnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ ;Sg'x'GgeGg] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 . ;fdfGo JolQmsf cufl8 t p;sf] lqmofsnfk v/faePsf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug{ ;lsPnf t/ cTofrf/L, bdgsf/L / zlQmzfnLJolQmsf cufl8 ;fdfGo ts{sf cfwf/df jf:tljs ;TotfnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{Hofb} g} sl7g dfq x'g] xf]Og c;Dej g} x'G5 eGbf s'g} km/s kb{}g .

51


!#= d';ndfgx¿ ;d"x / dtfGt/df

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM ;Dk"0f{ d';ndfgx¿ Ps s'/cfgdf Odfg /fVb5g\ / To;sf]cg'kfng ub{5g\ eg] km]l/ pgLx¿ olt w]/} ;d"x / dtdf lsg kfOG5g\ <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M cfh d';ndfgx¿ k/:k/ ;d"xdf afFl8Psf 5g\ eGg] s'/f ;xLxf] . b'Mvsf] s'/f of] xf] ls of] ;/f;/ u}/ O:nfdL s'/f xf] . O:nfd cfˆgfcg'ofoLx¿aLr Pstf rfxG5 . kljq s'/cfgdf cfPsf] 5–

æ/, ;a} ldnL cNnfxsf] 8f]/LnfO{ alnof];Fu ;dft clg ljeflhtæ/, ;a} ldnL cNnfxsf] 8f]/LnfO{ alnof];Fu ;dft clg ljeflhtæ/, ;a} ldnL cNnfxsf] 8f]/LnfO{ alnof];Fu ;dft clg ljeflhtæ/, ;a} ldnL cNnfxsf] 8f]/LnfO{ alnof];Fu ;dft clg ljeflhtæ/, ;a} ldnL cNnfxsf] 8f]/LnfO{ alnof];Fu ;dft clg ljeflhtgxf]pm . /, cNnfxn] ltdLx¿dfly u/]sf] cg'sDkfnfO{ :d/0f u/gxf]pm . /, cNnfxn] ltdLx¿dfly u/]sf] cg'sDkfnfO{ :d/0f u/gxf]pm . /, cNnfxn] ltdLx¿dfly u/]sf] cg'sDkfnfO{ :d/0f u/gxf]pm . /, cNnfxn] ltdLx¿dfly u/]sf] cg'sDkfnfO{ :d/0f u/gxf]pm . /, cNnfxn] ltdLx¿dfly u/]sf] cg'sDkfnfO{ :d/0f u/ha ltdLx¿ k/:k/ zq' lyof} . clg pgn] ltdLx¿sf] dg ldnfPha ltdLx¿ k/:k/ zq' lyof} . clg pgn] ltdLx¿sf] dg ldnfPha ltdLx¿ k/:k/ zq' lyof} . clg pgn] ltdLx¿sf] dg ldnfPha ltdLx¿ k/:k/ zq' lyof} . clg pgn] ltdLx¿sf] dg ldnfPha ltdLx¿ k/:k/ zq' lyof} . clg pgn] ltdLx¿sf] dg ldnfPt;y{ ltdLx¿ pgsf] s[kfn] efO–efO eof}t;y{ ltdLx¿ pgsf] s[kfn] efO–efO eof}t;y{ ltdLx¿ pgsf] s[kfn] efO–efO eof}t;y{ ltdLx¿ pgsf] s[kfn] efO–efO eof}t;y{ ltdLx¿ pgsf] s[kfn] efO–efO eof}======================================== .Æ -s'/cfg #M!)#_ .Æ -s'/cfg #M!)#_ .Æ -s'/cfg #M!)#_ .Æ -s'/cfg #M!)#_ .Æ -s'/cfg #M!)#_

o; cfotdf …cNnfxsf] 8f]/LÚ eg]/ cfPsf] 5, Tof] s] xf]< jf:tjdfTof] 8f]/L kljq s'/cfg xf] h;nfO{ ;a} d';ndfgx¿n] ldn]/ dha'tLsf ;fy;dflt/xg' kb{5 . s'/cfgsf] o; cfotdf o; s'/fnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbOPsf]5 . o;df Psflt/ cNnfxsf] 8f]/LnfO{ ldn]/ dha'tLsf ;fy ;dfTg elgPsf]5 eg] csf{]tkm{ lje]bdf gk/ / ;d"xdf g6'qm elgPsf] 5 . kljq s'/cfgsf]csf{] 7fpFdf elgPsf] 5,

æx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û cf1fkfng u/ cNnfxsf] / cf1fkfngæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û cf1fkfng u/ cNnfxsf] / cf1fkfngæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û cf1fkfng u/ cNnfxsf] / cf1fkfngæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û cf1fkfng u/ cNnfxsf] / cf1fkfngæx] cf:yfjfgx¿ xf] Û cf1fkfng u/ cNnfxsf] / cf1fkfngu/ O{zb"tsf] clg ltdLx¿dWo] bfloTjk|fKt u/]sfx¿sf] .u/ O{zb"tsf] clg ltdLx¿dWo] bfloTjk|fKt u/]sfx¿sf] .u/ O{zb"tsf] clg ltdLx¿dWo] bfloTjk|fKt u/]sfx¿sf] .u/ O{zb"tsf] clg ltdLx¿dWo] bfloTjk|fKt u/]sfx¿sf] .u/ O{zb"tsf] clg ltdLx¿dWo] bfloTjk|fKt u/]sfx¿sf] .ltdLx¿ cNnfx Pj+ cflvÞ/tdfly O{dfg /fV5f} eg] ltdLx¿aLrltdLx¿ cNnfx Pj+ cflvÞ/tdfly O{dfg /fV5f} eg] ltdLx¿aLrltdLx¿ cNnfx Pj+ cflvÞ/tdfly O{dfg /fV5f} eg] ltdLx¿aLrltdLx¿ cNnfx Pj+ cflvÞ/tdfly O{dfg /fV5f} eg] ltdLx¿aLrltdLx¿ cNnfx Pj+ cflvÞ/tdfly O{dfg /fV5f} eg] ltdLx¿aLrs'g} ljifodf ljjfb x'Fbf cNNffx Pj+ /;"ntk{m k|]lift u/ . oxLs'g} ljifodf ljjfb x'Fbf cNNffx Pj+ /;"ntk{m k|]lift u/ . oxLs'g} ljifodf ljjfb x'Fbf cNNffx Pj+ /;"ntk{m k|]lift u/ . oxLs'g} ljifodf ljjfb x'Fbf cNNffx Pj+ /;"ntk{m k|]lift u/ . oxLs'g} ljifodf ljjfb x'Fbf cNNffx Pj+ /;"ntk{m k|]lift u/ . oxL;xL t/Lsf xf] / o;}sf] kl/0ffd /fd|f] x'g]5 .Æ -s'/cfg $M%(_;xL t/Lsf xf] / o;}sf] kl/0ffd /fd|f] x'g]5 .Æ -s'/cfg $M%(_;xL t/Lsf xf] / o;}sf] kl/0ffd /fd|f] x'g]5 .Æ -s'/cfg $M%(_;xL t/Lsf xf] / o;}sf] kl/0ffd /fd|f] x'g]5 .Æ -s'/cfg $M%(_;xL t/Lsf xf] / o;}sf] kl/0ffd /fd|f] x'g]5 .Æ -s'/cfg $M%(_

;Dk"0f{ d';ndfgn] s'/cfg / ;xLx xbL;x¿sf] cg'kfng ug{'k5{ tyfk/:k/ lje]bdf kg{'x'Fb}g . kljq s'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5 ls,

æh;n] cfˆgf] wd{nfO{ ljvl08t t'NofP / ljleGg ;Dk|bfodfæh;n] cfˆgf] wd{nfO{ ljvl08t t'NofP / ljleGg ;Dk|bfodfæh;n] cfˆgf] wd{nfO{ ljvl08t t'NofP / ljleGg ;Dk|bfodfæh;n] cfˆgf] wd{nfO{ ljvl08t t'NofP / ljleGg ;Dk|bfodfæh;n] cfˆgf] wd{nfO{ ljvl08t t'NofP / ljleGg ;Dk|bfodfljeflht eP ltgLx¿;Fu ltd|f] s'g} ;/f]sf/ 5}gÙ ltgLx¿sf]ljeflht eP ltgLx¿;Fu ltd|f] s'g} ;/f]sf/ 5}gÙ ltgLx¿sf]ljeflht eP ltgLx¿;Fu ltd|f] s'g} ;/f]sf/ 5}gÙ ltgLx¿sf]ljeflht eP ltgLx¿;Fu ltd|f] s'g} ;/f]sf/ 5}gÙ ltgLx¿sf]ljeflht eP ltgLx¿;Fu ltd|f] s'g} ;/f]sf/ 5}gÙ ltgLx¿sf]dfldnf cNnfxsxfF /x]sf]5 . clg ltgLx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿n] ug]{dfldnf cNnfxsxfF /x]sf]5 . clg ltgLx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿n] ug]{dfldnf cNnfxsxfF /x]sf]5 . clg ltgLx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿n] ug]{dfldnf cNnfxsxfF /x]sf]5 . clg ltgLx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿n] ug]{dfldnf cNnfxsxfF /x]sf]5 . clg ltgLx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿n] ug]{sfo{x¿af/] cNnfxn] g} cjut u/fpg]5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg ̂ M!%(_sfo{x¿af/] cNnfxn] g} cjut u/fpg]5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg ̂ M!%(_sfo{x¿af/] cNnfxn] g} cjut u/fpg]5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg ̂ M!%(_sfo{x¿af/] cNnfxn] g} cjut u/fpg]5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg ̂ M!%(_sfo{x¿af/] cNnfxn] g} cjut u/fpg]5g\ .Æ -s'/cfg ̂ M!%(_

52


s'/cfgsf] of] cfotdf O{Zj/ eGb5g\ ls h;n] wd{df lje]b pTkGgu¥of] / To;nfO{ ;d"xdf afFl8lbof] dflg;x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ Tof] dflg;af6cnu /fVg' kb{5 .

t/ ha s;}n] s'g} d';ndfgnfO{ ltdL s] xf} eg]/ k|Zg u¥of] eg];fdfGotof To;sf] pQ/df d ;'GgL x'F jf lzof x'F eGg] x'G5 . To:t} s;}n]cfkm"nfO{ xgkmL jf zfkmO{ jf dflnsL jf xDanL eGb5g\ eg] s;}n] cfkm"b]jjGbL jf j/]naL ePsf] atfpF5g\ .

o:tf d';ndfgx¿nfO{ xfd|f Kof/f ;Gb]i6f -;=_ s] x'g'x'GYof] < pxfF-;=_ xgkmL jf zfkmO{ jf xDjnL jf dflnsL x'g'x'GYof] ls eg]/ k|Zg ug{] xf]eg] cGo ;Dk"0f{ O{zb"t h:t} pxfF -;=_ Ps d';ndfg x'g'x'GYof]Ù cNnfxsf/;"n x'g'x'GYof] eGg] hjfkm p;n] lbg]5 . kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x # cfn]–Od/fg cfot %@ df elgPsf] 5 ls xh/t O{;f -c=_ d'l:nd x'g'x'GYof] .o;}ul/ o;} ;"/xsf] cfot ̂ & df Oa|flxd -c=_ sf af/]df elgPsf] 5 ls pxfFox"bL jf O;fO{ geO{ d'l:nd x'g'x'GYof] .

olb s'g} JolQm s'g} d';ndfgnfO{ ltdL sf] xf} eg]/ k|Zg ub{5 eg]p;nfO{ d d'l:nd x'F, xgkmL jf zfkmO{ xf]Og eGg] hjfkm lbg'kb{5 . kljqs'/cfgdf cfPsf] 5,

æ/, To; JolQmsf] s'/feGbf pQd s'/f] s;sf] x'g ;S5 h;n]æ/, To; JolQmsf] s'/feGbf pQd s'/f] s;sf] x'g ;S5 h;n]æ/, To; JolQmsf] s'/feGbf pQd s'/f] s;sf] x'g ;S5 h;n]æ/, To; JolQmsf] s'/feGbf pQd s'/f] s;sf] x'g ;S5 h;n]æ/, To; JolQmsf] s'/feGbf pQd s'/f] s;sf] x'g ;S5 h;n]-dflg;x¿nfO{_ cNnfxtk{m af]nfpF5Ù ;Tsd{ u5{ / eG5– æd-dflg;x¿nfO{_ cNnfxtk{m af]nfpF5Ù ;Tsd{ u5{ / eG5– æd-dflg;x¿nfO{_ cNnfxtk{m af]nfpF5Ù ;Tsd{ u5{ / eG5– æd-dflg;x¿nfO{_ cNnfxtk{m af]nfpF5Ù ;Tsd{ u5{ / eG5– æd-dflg;x¿nfO{_ cNnfxtk{m af]nfpF5Ù ;Tsd{ u5{ / eG5– ædlgZro g} cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ x¿dWo] x'F .Æ -s'/cfg $!M##_lgZro g} cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ x¿dWo] x'F .Æ -s'/cfg $!M##_lgZro g} cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ x¿dWo] x'F .Æ -s'/cfg $!M##_lgZro g} cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ x¿dWo] x'F .Æ -s'/cfg $!M##_lgZro g} cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ x¿dWo] x'F .Æ -s'/cfg $!M##_

s'/cfg eGg nufpF5– æd tL dflg;x¿dWo] x'F hf] cNnfxsf] cufl8lz/ em'sfpF5' cyf{t\ d d'l:nd xF' .Æ

cNnfxsf /;"n d'xDdb -;=_ n] u}/–d'l:nd afbzfxx¿nfO{ lr¶Ln]vfpg'eof] h;df pxfF -;=_ n] pgLx¿nfO{ O:nfddf cfdGq0f ug{'ePsf]lyof] . oL lr¶Lx¿df pxfF -;=_ n] kljq s'/cfgsf] ;"/x –# cfn] Od/fgsf]cfot ^$ sf] pNn]v ug{'eof], h;sf] cy{ -th{'df_ o;k|sf/ 5–

æ============olb ltgLx¿ ljd'v x'G5g\ eg], elgb]pm– æltdLx¿æ============olb ltgLx¿ ljd'v x'G5g\ eg], elgb]pm– æltdLx¿æ============olb ltgLx¿ ljd'v x'G5g\ eg], elgb]pm– æltdLx¿æ============olb ltgLx¿ ljd'v x'G5g\ eg], elgb]pm– æltdLx¿æ============olb ltgLx¿ ljd'v x'G5g\ eg], elgb]pm– æltdLx¿;fIfL a; ls xfdL cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ xf}+ .Æ -s'/cfg #M^$_;fIfL a; ls xfdL cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ xf}+ .Æ -s'/cfg #M^$_;fIfL a; ls xfdL cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ xf}+ .Æ -s'/cfg #M^$_;fIfL a; ls xfdL cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ xf}+ .Æ -s'/cfg #M^$_;fIfL a; ls xfdL cf1fsf/L -d'l:nd_ xf}+ .Æ -s'/cfg #M^$_

53


xfdLn] rf/} hgf Odfdx¿ Odfd ca" xlgkmf, Odfd zfkmO{, OdfdxDjn / Odfd dflns;d]t ;a} Odfdx¿sf] cfb/ ug{'kb{5 / pxfFx¿sf]OHht ug{'kb{5 . pxfFx¿ O:nfdsf dxfg\ ljåfg\ x'g'x'GYof] . O{Zj/n] pxfFx¿nfO{pxfFx¿sf wfld{s ;]jf / pxfFx¿sf] ldlxg]tx¿sf] 7"nf] k|ltbfg lbg]5g\ .s;}nfO{ klg o:tf JolQmk|lt cfklQ x'g' x'Fb}g hf] Odfd ca" xlgkmf jf OdfdzfkmO{dWo] s;}sf] ljrf/x¿;Fu ;xdt 5 . t/ olb s;}åf/f k|Zg ul/G5 eg]To;sf] hjfkm oxL x'g'kb{5 ls d d'l:nd x'F .

s]xL dflg;x¿ lje]b / u'6aGbLsf] l;nl;nfdf xbL; ;+u|x ;'Gg tca" bfpbsf] xbL; g+= $%&( nfO{ k|df0f:j¿k k]z ug{ ;Sb5g\ h;dfd'xDdb -;=_ n] eGg' ePsf] 5 ls d]/f] ;d'bfo &# ;d"xdf afFl8g]5g\ . o;xbL;df ;d'bfo &# ;d"xdf afFl8g] s'/f lgZro g} elgPsf] 5 t/ d';ndfgx¿cfkm}+ &# ;d"xdf afFl8g' kb{5 eg]/ sbflk elgPsf] 5}g . kljq s'/cfgsf]cfb]z cg';f/ xfdL ;d"x ;d"xdf afFl8g' x'Fb}g . h'g dflg; s'/cfg, ;xLxxbL;x¿sf lzIffx¿nfO{ l;/f]wfo{ ub{5 clg To;sf] ;+/If0f ub{5 Pj+ u'6aGbLdfkb{}g pm ;Todfu{df x'G5 .

lt/ldhL xbL; g+= !&! sf cg';f/ cNnfxsf /;"n -;=_ n] eGg'eof]ls …d]/f] ;d'bfo &# ;d"xdf afFl8g]5g\ . pgLx¿dWo] Ps afx]s ;Dk"0f{ ;d"xgs{df hfg]5g\Ú . ;xfaf -/lh=_ n] k|Zg ug{'eof] ls …Tof] d'lQm kfpg] u'6 jf;d"x s'g x'g]5 <Ú gaL -;=_ n] hjfkm lbg'eof] ls …h;;Fu d / d]/f ;xfaf-/=_ ;Da4 5f}+Ú .

kljq s'/cfgsf s}og\ cfotx¿df d';ndfgx¿nfO{ cNnfx / pgsf/;"n -;=_ sf] cf1fkfng ug{ cfb]z lbOPsf] 5 . Pp6f ;Rrf d';ndfgn]s'/cfg / ;xLx xbL;x¿sf] dfq kfng ug{'kb{5 . Pp6f d';ndfg s'g}Odfd -g]tf_ jf cflndsf] egfO{dWo] s'/cfg / xbL;;Fu d]n vfg] egfO;Fudfq ;xdt x'g'kb{5 t/ o:tf] d]n vfFb}g eg] hlt;'s} 7"nf] Odfd jf cflndeP klg pgLx¿sf] s'g} dxTj jf d"No x'Fb}g . olb ;Dk"0f{ d';ndfgx¿n]s'/cfgnfO{ a'em]/ ;xLx bxL;sf] k|sfzdf k9] eg] OGzfcNnfx ;a} dte]b;dfKt x'g]5g\ / xfdL Ps ;+ul7t ;d'bfosf] ;xL 9fFrfdf 9flng]5f}+ .

54


!$= O:nfdsf] g} kfngf lsg ug{] <

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM ;Dk"0f{ wd{ d"n ¿kdf cfˆgf]] dfGg]x¿nfO{ enfO{ x'g] s'/fx¿sf]g} lzIff lbG5g\ eg] km]l/ lsg O:nfdsf] kfngfdf g} hf]8 lbOG5 < s] c¿s'g} wd{sf] kfngf ug{' x'Fb}g <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M ;a} wd{ d"n ¿kdf cfˆgf]] dfGg]x¿nfO{ enfO{sf] dfu{ ckgfpg/ v/faaf6 6f9f /xg lzIff lbG5g\= . t/ O:nfdsf] dfldnf of]eGbf a9L 5 .O:nfdn] xfdLnfO{ enfO{nfO{ ckgfpg tyf v/fasf] h/fnfO{ cfˆgf]] lghLhLjg / ;fdflhs hLjgaf6 pv]n]/ ˆofFSg] Jojxfl/s t/Lsf l;sfpF5 .O:nfd dfgj :jefj / dflg;sf] ;fdflhs cK7\of/fx¿nfO{ cfˆgf]] Wofgfsif{0f-tjHhf]x_ sf] s]Gb| agfpF5 . of] wd{ :jo+ hut\:jfdL -cNnfx_ sf] tkm{af6dfu{bz{gsf] ¿kdf cfPsf] xf] . o; sf/0f O:nfdnfO{ k|fs[lts wd{ klgelgG5 . o;df / cGo wd{df oxL 7"nf] cGt/ /x]sf]5 .

O:nfd rf]/L, 8s}tL ug{]x¿sf] ;hfoF p;sf] xft sf6\g' eGg] atfpF5 .kljq s'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5–

æææææ/, rf]/, k'?if xf];\ jf :qL b'j}sf xft sfl6b]pm . of] tL b'j}sf]/, rf]/, k'?if xf];\ jf :qL b'j}sf xft sfl6b]pm . of] tL b'j}sf]/, rf]/, k'?if xf];\ jf :qL b'j}sf xft sfl6b]pm . of] tL b'j}sf]/, rf]/, k'?if xf];\ jf :qL b'j}sf xft sfl6b]pm . of] tL b'j}sf]/, rf]/, k'?if xf];\ jf :qL b'j}sf xft sfl6b]pm . of] tL b'j}sf]cfh{gsf] abnf xf] / cNnfxsf] tk{maf6 lzIffk|b b08 . /,cfh{gsf] abnf xf] / cNnfxsf] tk{maf6 lzIffk|b b08 . /,cfh{gsf] abnf xf] / cNnfxsf] tk{maf6 lzIffk|b b08 . /,cfh{gsf] abnf xf] / cNnfxsf] tk{maf6 lzIffk|b b08 . /,cfh{gsf] abnf xf] / cNnfxsf] tk{maf6 lzIffk|b b08 . /,cNnfx ;fdYo{jfg Pj+ tTjbzL{ 5g\ .cNnfx ;fdYo{jfg Pj+ tTjbzL{ 5g\ .cNnfx ;fdYo{jfg Pj+ tTjbzL{ 5g\ .cNnfx ;fdYo{jfg Pj+ tTjbzL{ 5g\ .cNnfx ;fdYo{jfg Pj+ tTjbzL{ 5g\ .Æ -%M#*_Æ -%M#*_Æ -%M#*_Æ -%M#*_Æ -%M#*_

@! cf}+ ztfAbLdf xft sf6\g] ;hfoFn] O:nfd Ps h+unL / lgb{oL wd{xf] eGg] s'/f l;4 ub{5 eg]/ u}/–d'l:ndx¿n] eGg ;Sb5g\ . t/ cNnfxn]lgwf{/0f u/]sf] o:tf] ;hfoF Pp6f rf]/ jf 8fsfnfO{ lbOPdf c¿ s;}n] o:tf]v/fa sfd ug{] lxDdt ub{}g / ;f]Rbf klg ;f]Rb}g .

O:nfd hsft -bfg_ Joj:yf nfu" ug{] s'/f klg atfpF5 . O:nfdLsfg"g cg';f/ k|To]s JolQm hf] Ps lglZrt wgsf] :jfdL xf] jf hf];Fu *%u|fd jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;'g 5 p;n] k|To]s jif{ Tof] wgsf] @=%Ü efu cNnfxsf]dfu{df vr{ ug{'kb{5 cyf{t\ bfgsf] ¿kdf lgsfNg' kb{5 . olb ;+;f/sfk|To]s wgjfg JolQmn] OdfGbf/Lsf;fy cfˆgf]] ;DklQ afkt hsft -bfg_lbof] eg] ;+;f/af6 u/LaL x6]/ hfG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf Pp6} dflg; klgcfhsf] h:tf] ef]sd/Ln] dg{] 5}g .

55


cd]l/sfnfO{ ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf cfw'lgs / ljsl;t d'n's dflgG5 .of] s'/f ;To xf] / o;sf ;fy} csf{] s'/f klg ;To xf] ls ToxfF ck/fw, rf]/L,8s}tL cflbsf] b/ klg cToGt} a9L 5 . dfGg'xf];\ ls cd]l/sfdf O:nfdLsfg"g nfu" eof] . o; cj:yfdf ToxfFsf k|To]s wgf9\on] cfˆgf]] wgsf] @=%Üwg k|To]s jif{ hsft -bfg_ lbg' kb{5 / rf]/L, 8s}tL tyf cGo ck/fw ug{]JolQmsf] xft sfl6g] 5 . ca eGg'xf];\ o:tf] cj:yfdf s] ToxfF ck/fwdfa9f]Q/L x'G5 jf sdL cfpF5 < of] :ki6 5 ls O:nfdL sfg"g nfu" ePsf]cj:yfdf rf]/L, 8s}tLh:tf 36gfdf cjZo sdL cfpg]5 . o;sf ;fy}o:tf] s8f sfg"g nfu" ugf{n] kl5 uP/ rf]/, 8fs" aGg] k|j[lQ dgleq kfn]/a;]sf] JolQm o;af6 xtf]T;flxt x'G5 .

of] s'/f klg ;xL xf] ls ;+;f/df x'g] rf]/L, 8s}tLsf 36gfx¿ olt w]/}5g\ ls olb ;Dk"0f{ rf]/ / 8fFsfx¿sf] xft sf6\g] xf] eg] ;+;f/sf nfvf}+dflg;x¿sf] xft sfl6g]5g\ . t/ ;f]Rg'kg{] s'/f s] 5 eg] ha s'g} b]zdfo:tf] sfg"g nfu" ul/G5 ta t'?Gt} To; b]zdf o:tf cfk/flws 36gfdfsdL cfOxfN5 . h'g JolQm rf]/L 8s}tLsf] k|j[lQ /fVb5 jf ck/fw ug{rfxG5 pm xft sfl6g] 8/n] of] ck/fw ug{'eGbf klxn] ;o k6s ;f]Rb5 .yf]/} dflg;x¿n] dfq o:tf] b':;fx; ug{ ;Sb5g\ . ctM xft sf6\g' kg{]b'ef{Uo sd dflg;n] dfq ef]Ug' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} s/f]8f}+ dflg;x¿n] ;'v–zflGt / lrGtf tyf eo–d'Qm hLjg Joltt ug{ kfpF5g\ . To;}n] O:nfdLsfg"g k"0f{tM Jojxfl/s / zfgbf/ glthf o'Qm /x]sf] 5 .

Jolerf/, anfTsf/ / dlxnf;Fu b'Jo{jxf/nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ 7"nf wd{x¿n]7"nf] kfk dfGb5g\ . O:nfdsf] lzIff klg oxL xf] . t/ klg O:nfd / cGowd{aLr 7"nf] cGt/ 5 . O:nfdn] dlxnfsf] cfb/ ;Ddfg ug{] lzIff dfq lbg]xf]Og ls o;n] dlxnfdfly b'Jo{jxf/ tyf Jolerf/nfO{ 3[l0ft / 3f]/ ck/fwdfGg'sf ;fy} o;n] o:tf ck/fwnfO{ ;dfhaf6 s;/L ;dfKt ug{ ;lsG5eGg] s'/f;d]t dflg;nfO{ atfpF5 .

O:nfdn] k'?if / dlxnfx¿sfnflu kbf{sf] cnu cnu lgb{]z lbPsf]5 . olb o;nfO{ kfngf u/]df lglZrt ¿kdf dlxnfdfly x'g] b'Jo{jxf/ /pgLx¿sf] of}g pTkL8g ;dfKt eP/ hfG5 . o;/L O:nfdn] Jolerf/,

56


anfTsf/, dlxnfdflysf] b'Jo{jxf/nfO{ /f]Sb5Ù dlxnf tyf k'?if b'a}sfnflulglZrt kbf{nfO{ clgjfo{ 7x/fpF5 / of}g pTkL8gnfO{ ;dfKt kfb{5 . dlxnf;FuJolerf/ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] JolQmnfO{ d[To'b08sf] ;hfoF lbg O:nfdLsfg"gn] l;kmfl/; ub{5 .

O:nfd Pp6f clt pQd hLjg Joj:yf xf] . o;sf lzIff ;}4flGtszAbdf dfq cfwfl/t geP/ dflg;sf ;d:ofx¿sf] Jojxfl/s ¿kdf;dfwfgsf] pkfo klg o;df atfOPsf] 5 . O:nfd wd{ kfngfsf] kl/0ffdJolQmut / ;fdflhs b'a} :t/df :ki6 ¿kdf cufl8 k|s6 x'G5 . of] Jojxfl/sljZjJofkL wd{ xf] . of] s'g} j+z, ;d"x jf ;Dk|bfo;Dd dfq ;Lldt 5}g .o:tf] k|fs[lts / Jojxfl/s wd{nfO{ xfdL ;a}n] kfngf ug{'kb{5 .

57


!%= O:nfdsf] lzIff / d';ndfgx¿sf] Jojxf/

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM olb O:nfd ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf c;n wd{ xf] eg] w]/} d';ndfgx¿j]O{dfg, e/f];fxLg, wf]v]jfh tyf 3';vf]/Ldf lnKt lsg x'G5g\ <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M O:nfd ;fFRr} g} pQd wd{ xf] . t/ jf:tljstf of] 5 ls cfd;+rf/sf] lgoGq0f O:nfd;Fu eolet /x]sf klZrdLx¿sf] xftdf /x]sf]5 .To;}n] tL ;+rf/ dfWodx¿ af/Daf/ O:nfdlj?4sf ;"rgfx¿ k|sflzt tyfk|;fl/t ug{] ub{5g\ . ltgLx¿n] of t O:nfdsf] lj?4 unt ;"rgf pknAwu/fpF5g\ / O:nfd;DalGw unt unt p4f/0f k|:t't ub{5g\ of t s'g}jf:tljs s'/fnfO{ unt lbzfdf df]8]/ km}nfpF5g\ .

olb slx ad kl8\sPsf] 36gf 36\of] eg] s'g} k|df0f lagf g} ;aeGbfklxn] s'g} d';ndfgnfO{ bf]ifL dflgG5 . ;fdfrf/kqx¿df 7"nf 7"nfcIf/x¿df To;nfO{ k|sflzt ul/G5 . km]l/ kl5 uP/ of] yfxf x'G5 ls o;36gfsf] k5fl8 s'g} d';ndfgsf] ;§f s'g} u}/–d'l:ndsf] xft /x]sf] x'G5 .km]l/ o; va/nfO{ klxn] h:tf] dxTj lbOF{b}g / 5f]6f] ;dfrf/ dfq lbOG5 .To:t} olb s'g} %) jif{sf] d';ndfg k'?ifn] !% jif{sL d';ndfg s]6L;Fup;sf] d~h'/Lsf ;fy ljjfx u¥of] eg] klg of] ;dfrf/ klqsfsf] klxnf]k[i7df w]/} dxTjsf ;fy k|sflzt ul/G5 . t/, olb s'g} %) jif{sf] u}/–d'l:nd k'?ifn] ̂ jif{sL aflnsfsf ;fy anfTsf/ u¥of] eg] o; ;dfrf/nfO{klqsf] leqL k[i7sf] ;+lIfKt ;dfrf/sf] k+lQmdf dfq :yfg k|fKt x'G5 .cd]l/sfdf k|ltlbg @&!# anfTsf/sf 36gfx¿ x'g] ub{5g\ . t/ of];dfrf/df cfpFb}g lsgls cd]l/sLx¿sf nflu o;k|sf/sf sfo{x¿hLjgrof{df ;fd]n eO;s]sf5g\ .

s]xL d';ndfgx¿ a]Odfg / e/f];f ug{ nfossf 5}gg\ eGg] s'/fxfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 . ltgLx¿ wf]vfafhL cflb ub{5g\ . t/ cfd ;+rf/ dfWodx¿n]o;nfO{ o:tf ultljlwdf lnKt x'g] JolQm d';ndfg dfq x'G5 eGg] k|sf/n];dfrf/ k|;fl/t ub{5g\ . k|To]s ;d'bfoleq s]xL sfnf AjfF;f -v/fa dflg;_x¿ cjZo x'G5g\ . tL s]xL dflg;x¿sf] sf/0fn] To; wd{nfO{ g} bf]ifL7x/fpg ;lsb}g lsgls ltgLx¿ Tof] wd{sf gfd dfqsf cg'ofoL x'G5g\ .

58


d';ndfgx¿df v/fa dflg;x¿sf] pkl:ylt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;du|dfd';ndfgx¿ ;+;f/sf ;aeGbf c;n dflg;x¿ x'g\ . d';ndfg g} Tof];d"bfo xf] h;df /S;L vfg]x¿sf] ;+Vof ;aeGbf sd / /S;L gvfg]x¿sf];+Vof ;aeGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 . ;du|df d';ndfgx¿ ;+;f/df ;aeGbf a9Lwg ;DklQ u/Lax¿ / enfO{sf] sfddf vr{ ub{5g\ . ;'zLntf, nHhf,;fbfkg / lzi6rf/, dfgjLo d"No dfGotf / g}ltstfsf ;Gbe{df d';ndfgx¿c¿sf] t'ngfdf w]/} cufl8 5g\ .

olb tkfO{+{ s'g} gofF gd"gfsf] sf/sf] af/]df Tof] sltsf] /fd|f] 5 eGg]s'/fsf] cGbfh ug{ rfxg' x'G5 / sf/ rnfpg] ljlw;Fu ckl/lrt JolQm sf/rnfpg rfxG5 eg] tkfO{+{ s;nfO{ bf]if lbg'x'G5, sf/ jf rfnsnfO{ < of]:ki6 5 ls rfnsnfO{ g} tkfO{+{ bf]ifL 7x/fpg'x'G5 . sf/ sltsf] /fd|f] 5 eGg]s'/f kQfnufpg sf]xL klg a'l4dfg JolQm To;sf] rfnsnfO{ x]b{}g a¿ To;sf/sf v"aLx¿ cyf{t To;sf] ult, OGwgsf] vkt, ;'/IffTds pkfox¿;Fu;DalGwt s'/fx¿sf] df}h"bL cflbnfO{ x]b{5 . olb d';ndfgx¿ v/fa x'G5eGg] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] :jLsf/ g} u¥of}+ eg] klg xfdLn] O:nfdnfO{ To;sfdfGg]x¿sf cfwf/df tf}ng / hfFRg x'Fb}g . olb tkfO{+{ ;xL cy{df O:nfdsf]Ifdtf hfGg] / hfFRg] v'aL -Ifdtf_ /fVg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{+{n] To;sf plrt /k|dfl0ft ;|f]tx¿ -s'/cfg / ;'Ggt_ nfO{ cufl8 /fVg'kb{5 .

olb tkfO{+{ Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf sf/ sltsf] /fd|f] 5 eGg] s'/f hfGgrfxg'x'G5 eg] To;nfO{ rnfpgsf nflu Pp6f l;kfn' rfnsnfO{ lgo'Qmug{'xf];\ . To;}u/L ;aeGbf pQd Pj+ O:nfd kfngf ug{] b[li6af6 ;aeGbf/fd|f] gd"gf d'xDdb -;=_ x'g'x'G5 h;af6 tkfO{+{ O:nfdsf] /fd|f] v"aLnfO{dx;'; ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 .

O{dfGbf/ Pj+ lgikIf w]/} u}/–d'l:nd Oltxf;sf/x¿n] klg d'xDdb-;=_ ;aeGbf c;n dflg; x'g'x'GYof] eGg] s'/fnfO{ :ki6;Fu pNn]v u/]sf5g\ .æOltxf;sf ;o dxTjk"0f{ k|efjzfnL dflg;Æ æOltxf;sf ;o dxTjk"0f{ k|efjzfnL dflg;Æ æOltxf;sf ;o dxTjk"0f{ k|efjzfnL dflg;Æ æOltxf;sf ;o dxTjk"0f{ k|efjzfnL dflg;Æ æOltxf;sf ;o dxTjk"0f{ k|efjzfnL dflg;Æ gfds k':tssf n]vs dfOsnPr= xf6{n] cfˆgf]] k':tsdf dxfg\ JolQmx¿dWo] d'xDdb -;=_ nfO{ klxnf]:yfg lbPsf 5g\ . u}/–d'l:ndx¿åf/f d'xDdb -;=_ nfO{ >4f~hnL k|:t'tul/Psf o;k|sf/sf cg]sf}}+ pbfx/0fx¿ 5g\ .

59


!^= u}/–d'l:ndx¿nfO{ lsg sflkm/ elgG5 <

k|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgMk|ZgM d';ndfgx¿n] u}/–d'l:ndx¿nfO{ sflkm/ h:tf] g/fd|f] gfdn]lsg af]nfpF5g\ <

pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M pQ/M c/aL zAb sflkm/ æs'k|mÆ d"n zAbaf6 ag]sf] xf] . s'k|msf] cy{n'sfpg' jf OGsf/ ug{' x'G5 . O:nfdL kl/efiffdf …sflkm/Ú Tof] JolQm xf] . hf]O:nfdsf] ;Totf / To;sf] ;RrfO{nfO{ n'sfpF5 jf OGsf/ ub{5 . c+u|]hLdfof] OGsf/ ug{]x¿sf nflu Non-Muslim -u}/–d'l:nd_ zAbsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .

s'/cfgdf k|of]u ePsf] zAb s'k|msf] cy{ cj:yf cg';f/ ljleGg:yfgdf ljleGg /x]sf]5 . h:tf] o;sf] cy{ OGsf/, cj1f, s[t£gtf, lg/fbf/,;TotfnfO{ n'sfpg' / cwd{ cflb x'g\ . sflkm/ zAb Jofs/0fsf] b[li6dfu'0fjfrs ;+1f xf], of] ckdfg af]ws zAb xf]Og . of] zAb tL JolQmx¿sfnfluk|o'Qm ePsf] 5 h;sf cufl8 O{Zj/Lo wd{ O:nfdsf] lzIff k]z ul/of] /ltgLx¿n] s'g} klg sf/0fn] To;nfO{ unt dfg]/ To;sf] OGsf/ u/] .

k|To]s wd{df To; wd{sf df}lns wf/0ff Pj+ lzIffx¿nfO{ dfGg] /gdfGg]x¿sfnflu cnu–cnu ljz]if zAb k|o'Qm ug{] ul/G5 . h:t}– lxGb"wd{df To;sf lzIffx¿nfO{ OGsf/ ug{] JolQmx¿nfO{ gfl:ts, cgfo{ jfc;Eo, b:o' jf dlnR5 zAbsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . olb s'g} JolQm s'g} wd{sf]wf/0ff of lzIffnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{}g eg] o;nfO{ To;sf] OGsf/ ug{] JolQmcyf{t\ sflkm/ g} elgPsf]5 . To;}n] sflkm/ zAb xf]RofP/ jf 3[0ffsf] ¿kdfk|of]u ul/g] zAb xf]Og .

kl/ro

O:nfdsf] ;Gb]zsf] k|;f/sf] nflu s'/fsfgL / jfbljjfb x'g' cfjZos5 . kljq s'/cfgdf elgPsf] 5,

æx] ;Gb]i6f Û dflg;x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf] dfu{tk{m tTjblz{ltdL Pj+æx] ;Gb]i6f Û dflg;x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf] dfu{tk{m tTjblz{ltdL Pj+æx] ;Gb]i6f Û dflg;x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf] dfu{tk{m tTjblz{ltdL Pj+æx] ;Gb]i6f Û dflg;x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf] dfu{tk{m tTjblz{ltdL Pj+æx] ;Gb]i6f Û dflg;x¿nfO{ cNnfxsf] dfu{tk{m tTjblz{ltdL Pj+;b'kb]zsf] dfWodaf6 af]nfpm, / ltgLx¿l;t ;jf]{Qd t/Lsfn];b'kb]zsf] dfWodaf6 af]nfpm, / ltgLx¿l;t ;jf]{Qd t/Lsfn];b'kb]zsf] dfWodaf6 af]nfpm, / ltgLx¿l;t ;jf]{Qd t/Lsfn];b'kb]zsf] dfWodaf6 af]nfpm, / ltgLx¿l;t ;jf]{Qd t/Lsfn];b'kb]zsf] dfWodaf6 af]nfpm, / ltgLx¿l;t ;jf]{Qd t/Lsfn]jfbljjfb u/ . ltd|f /a /fd|/L hfGb5g\ ls sf] pgsf] dfu{af6jfbljjfb u/ . ltd|f /a /fd|/L hfGb5g\ ls sf] pgsf] dfu{af6jfbljjfb u/ . ltd|f /a /fd|/L hfGb5g\ ls sf] pgsf] dfu{af6jfbljjfb u/ . ltd|f /a /fd|/L hfGb5g\ ls sf] pgsf] dfu{af6jfbljjfb u/ . ltd|f /a /fd|/L hfGb5g\ ls sf] pgsf] dfu{af6e|i6 ePsf] 5 / sf] ;Lwf dfu{df 5 .Æ -s'/cfg !^M!@%_e|i6 ePsf] 5 / sf] ;Lwf dfu{df 5 .Æ -s'/cfg !^M!@%_e|i6 ePsf] 5 / sf] ;Lwf dfu{df 5 .Æ -s'/cfg !^M!@%_e|i6 ePsf] 5 / sf] ;Lwf dfu{df 5 .Æ -s'/cfg !^M!@%_e|i6 ePsf] 5 / sf] ;Lwf dfu{df 5 .Æ -s'/cfg !^M!@%_

O:nfdsf] ;Gb]z s'g} u}/–d'l:nd;Dd k'¥ofpgsf nflu k"0f{ ¿kn]O:nfdsf] ;sf/fTds kIfk|lt dfq k|sfz kfg{' kof{Kt 5}g . w]/} u}/–d'l:ndx¿O:nfdsf] jf:tljstfk|lt ;xdt 5}gg\ lsgls pgLx¿sf] dl:tisdf O:nfd;Fu;DalGwt s]xL k|Zg 5g\ h;sf] pQ/ pgLx¿n] kfPsf 5}gg\ . pgLx¿O:nfdsf ;sf/fTds kIfx¿;Fu ;xdt x'g ;Sb5g\ t/ ;fy} pgLx¿n] eGg]5g\, ætkfO{+ ToxL d';ndfg x'g'x'G5 h;n] PseGbf a9L dlxnf;Fu ljjfxug{]u5{, tkfO{++ ToxL dflg; x'g'x'G5 h;n] dlxnfnfO{ kbf{df /fv]/ pgLx¿dfly dgk/L ug{'x'G5 . tkfO{++ t ?l9jfbL x'g'x'G5, OToflbÆ .

d :jo+ u}/–d'l:nd;Fu ;f]Wg rfxG5' ls pgLx¿ O:nfddf s] untb]V5g\ < d pgLx¿;Fu :ki6 t/Lsfn] ;f]Wg rfxG5' ls pgLx¿n] cfˆgf]]cNk1fgsf] cfwf/df rfx] pgLx¿ ;xL x'g\ jf unt dnfO{ jtfpmg\ lspgLx¿ O:nfdsf] ;DaGwdf s'g s'/f unt ePsf] dx;'; ub{5g\ . dpgLx¿nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ub{5' ls pgLx¿ d;Fu v'n]/ s'/f u¿g\ . d ljZjf;lbnfpF5' ls O:nfdk|lt x'g] s'g} klg cfnf]rgf ;xg ;Sg] zlQm dleq/x]sf] 5 .

ljut s]xL jif{b]lv O:nfdsf] k|rf/–k|;f/sf] qmddf d}n] dx;'; u/+]ls O:nfdsf] ;DaGwdf u}/–d'l:ndsf] dl:tisdf h'g ljz]if k|Zgx¿ p7\5g\To;sf] ;+Vof s/La @) hlt 5 . sf]xL klg u}/–d'l:nd O:nfdsf] af/]df h'gk|Zg ub{5 Tof] log} aL; k|ZgdWo] g} x'G5 . O:nfd;Fu ;DalGwt oL aL;

k|Zgsf] pQ/ ts{ / k|df0f;Dd lbg ;lsG5 . u}/–d'l:ndsf] Pp6f 7"nf] ;+VofoL pQ/x¿af6 ;+t'i6 x'g ;Sb5 . olb Pp6f d';ndfgn] oL hjfkmx¿nfO{s07:t kf¥of] eg] dnfO{ k"0f{ ljZjf; 5 ls pm Pp6f u}/–d'l:ndnfO{O:nfdsf] ;Totfsf] ljZjf; lbnfpg ;kmn x'g g;s] klg p;n] sd;] sdO:nfdsf] ;DaGwdf b]lvg] e|dx¿nfO{ x6fpg] 5 / u}/–d'l:ndsf] dl:tisdfO:nfdk|lt h'g gsf/fTds ljrf/ kfOG5g\ To;nfO{ gfz ug{ ;kmn x'g] 5 .lans'n} sd u}/–d'l:nd;Fu oL pQ/x¿ lj?4 ts{ x'g ;Sb5 h;sf] nflus]xL j9L hfgsf/Lsf] cfjZostf kg{ ;Sb5 .

u}/–d'l:ndx¿sf] Pp6f 7"nf] ;+Vof hf] O:nfdsf] ;DaGwdf e|dx¿/fVb5g\, To;sf] sf/0f ;+rf/ dfWod -ldl8of_x¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ O:nfdsf]af/]df 3l/3l/ unt hfgsf/L lbg' xf] . cGt/f{li6«o ;]6nfO6 r}gn xf];\ jf/]l8of] s]Gb| xf];\, ;dfrf/ kq xf];\ jf klqsf jf lstfa xf];\ ;a} klZrdL;+;f/sf] sAhfdf 5g\ . xfn} hfgsf/L lng] Pp6f k|jn dfWod OG6/g]6ag]sf] 5, oBkL of] s;}sf] sAhfdf 5}g tfklg xfdL OG6/g]6df O:nfd lj?4pu| k|rf/sf e/k'/ ;fdu|Lx¿ b]V5f}+ . lgZro g} d';ndfgx¿ klg O:nfdsf];xL :j¿knfO{ k|:t't ug{ o;sf] k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ t/ O:nfdsf] untk|rf/ ug{]x¿sf] t'ngfdf pgLx¿ w]/} k5fl8 5g\ . d cfzf ub{5' ls o;If]qdf d';ndfgx¿sf] k|of; a9\g]5 / pgLx¿ o; bf}8df efu lng]5g\ .

O:nfdsf ;DaGwdf pTkGg x'g] ;fdfGo k|Zg k|To]s ;dodf km/skm/s x'G5g\ . cfhsf] ;do o:tf] ;do xf] h;df oL ;fdfGo k|Zgx¿ Ps}k6s pTkGg ePsf x'g\ . s]xL bzs klxn] O:nfdsf] ;DaGwdf pTkGg x'g]k|Zgx¿ c¿ g} lyP / x'g ;S5 ls s]xL bzskl5 oL klg km]l/g ;Sb5g\ .ldl8ofn] O:nfdnfO{ s'g k|sf/n] k|:t't ub{5g\ To;df of] lge{/ /xG5 .

d}n] ;+;f/sf ljleGg 7fpFdf dflg;x¿;Fu s'/f u/+] / ;a}eGbf a9L;f]lwg] oL k|Zgx¿ x/]s 7fpFdf Ps} ePsf] d}n] kfPF . oL afx]s s]xL c¿ klgk|Zg x'g ;Sb5g\ h'g s'g} :yfg, kl/l:ylt / ;Eotfdf lge{/ ub{5 . h:t}cd]l/sfdf Pp6f o:tf] kZg klg x'g ;S5– æO:nfd Jofhsf] n]gb]gnfO{lsg dgfxL ub{5 <Æ ;fdfGo ¿kdf ug{ ;lsg] k|Zgx¿sf cnfjf d}n] s]xL

ljz]if k|Zg klg ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5' h'g ef/tLo u}/–d'l:ndåf/f ;f]lwg]ul/G5 . h:t}, æd';ndfg df+zfxf/L ef]hg lsg ub{5g\ <Æ o:tf k|Zgx¿;dfj]z ug{'sf] sf/0f of] xf] ls ef/tLo d"nsf dflg; ;+;f/el/ km}lnPsf5g\ / oL dflg; ljZjsf] hg;+Vofsf] @)Ü cyf{t\\ !÷% efu 5g\ .o;sf/0f pgLx¿sf] k|Zg ;fdfGo x'g hfG5 h'g ;+;f/ el/sf u}/–d'l:ndåf/f ;f]lwg] ul/G5 .

w]/} u}/–d'l:ndx¿ o:tf 5g\ h;n] O:nfdsf] cWoog u/]sf 5g\ .ltgLx¿dWo] clwsf+zn] ltg} lstfax¿ dfq k9]sf 5g\ h'g O:nfdk|ltkIfkftk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug{] cfnf]rsx¿åf/f n]lvPsf x'g\ . oL u}/–d'l:ndx¿;FuO:nfdsf af/]df aL;j6f c¿ e|d x'g ;S5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf pgLx¿kljq s'/cfgdf k/:k/ lj/f]wL s'/fx¿ x'g] bfjL ub{5g\ / s'/cfg cj}1flgs5, OToflb eGb5g\ . tL aL;j6f e|dsf] klg pQ/x¿ o;df ;dflji6 5g\h'g tL u}/–d'l:ndx¿dfem JofKt h;n] unt dfWodx¿af6 O:nfdsf]cWoog u/]sf 5g\ . d}n] tL k|Zgx¿sf] klg pQ/ lbPsf] 5' h'g u}/–d'l:nddfem ;fdfGo 5}gg\ .

k|sfzsLo

O:nfd k|fs[lts wd{ xf] eg] s'/cfg ;d:t dfgj hLjg k4ltsf]nflu pQd ljwfg jf dfu{bz{g xf] . ;f/f dfgj hutsf nflu O{Zj/n] tof/kf/]sf] ;jf{]s[i6 sfg"g jf ;+ljwfg s'/cfg xf] . sf]xL O:nfdnfO{ ga'lem jfO:nfdsf k|dfl0ft u|Gyx¿ s'/cfg / xbL;sf] cWoog lagf g} O:nfdsfaf/]df l6sfl6Kk0fL ub{5 eg] Tof] p;sf] c1fgtf xf] . c¿sf] s'/f ;'g]/O:nfdk|lt nfG5gf nufpg vf]Hb5 eg] Tof] p;sf] e|d xf] . t/ cWoog kl5klg d';ndfg / O:nfdsf af/]df unt l6Kk0fL ub{5 eg] Tof] cfd hg;d"bfodfe|d km}nfpg] p;sf] ablgotk"0f{ Jojxf/ xf] . OZj/n] lbPsf dfu{ lgb{]znfO{;xL ¿kdf hfg] jf clGtd ;Gb]i6f d'xDdb -;=_ n] cfkm\gf] hLjgdf b]vfpg'ePsf] Jojxf/nfO{ a'em]df O:nfdk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g x'g'sf ;fy} ;a}lsl;dsf e|dx¿ ;xh} x6]/ hfg]5g\ . x/]s ljifonfO{ ulxl/P/ cWoog ug{]qmddf To; ljifo af/]df 5nkmn / jfbljjfb ug{' h¿/L 5 . To;/L g}O:nfd / s'/cfgsf] egfO{ a'em\g To;af/]df :ki6 5nkmn x'g'kb{5 . o;af6jf:tljs tYo ;+alGwt ;a}df k|i6 x'G5 .

O:nfdsf af/]df u}/–d'l:ndx¿ ljleGg e|dk"0f{ k|Zgx¿ ug{] ub{5g\tL ;fdfGo k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/sf] ;+u|xsf] ¿kdf of] k':ts /x]sf] 5 . O:nfdsfljåfg n]vs tyf ljrf/s 8f= hfls/ gfOssf] "Answer to Non-Muslim's

Common Questions about Islam" gfds k|Zgf]Q/ ;+u|xsf] of] g]kfnL cg'jfbxf] . u}/ d'l:ndx¿n] ug{] u/]sf jf ug{ ;Sg] s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/8f= gfOsn] s'/cfg / xlb;df pNn]v ePsf] k|df0f ;lxt o;df lbPsf5g\ . To:tf k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm sfNklgs / cfbz{jfbL ljrf/sf] geP/j}1flgs / Jojxfl/s ts{sf cfwf/df lbOPsf] 5 .

k':tsnfO{ g]kfnLdf cg'jfb ug{' x'g] O/kmfg kf]v/]n / efiff ;Dkfbgug{' x'g] df]= hfls/k|lt xflb{s s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5' . To:t} ;dodf g} k':tsk|sflzt ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] ;d:t dxfg'efjx¿df ;d]t wGojfb1fkg ub{5' . k':tsnfO{ q'l6/lxt agfpg x/ ;+ej k|of; ubf{ ub}{ klgsltko uNtLx¿ oyfjt x'g ;Sb5g\ . To;}n] /rgfTds ;'emfj k7fO{;xof]u / k|f]T;fxg ug{'x'g ;Dk"0f{ kf7s / z'e lrGtsx¿df cg'/f]w ub{5' .

ctfpNnfx vfFg;lrj

ldNnt] O:nfdLof g]kfnsf7df8f}+

ljifo ;"lr

qm=;+= lzif{s k[i7;+Vof

!= ax'ljjfx =========================================================================== !

@= kbf{ ================================================================================== &

#= s] O:nfd t/af/af6 km}lnPsf] xf] < ====================================== !#

$= d';ndfgx¿ ¿l9jfbL / cft+sjfbL ======================================!&

%= hgfj/nfO{ aw ug{] tl/sf ================================================= @)

^= df+;fxf/L vfgf ==================================================================@!

&= sfafsf] k"hf ==================================================================== #)

*= u}/ d'l:ndnfO{ dSsf k|j]zdf /f]s ======================================== #@

(= /S;L cj}w ====================================================================== #$

!)= ;fIfL ;DalGw dfldnf =======================================================$)

!!= k}lqs ;Dklt =================================================================== $#

!@= k/nf]sM d[To"kl5sf] hLjg ================================================== $^

!#= d';ndfgx¿ ;d"x / dtfGt/df ===========================================%!

!$= O:nfdsf] g} kfngf ls ug{] < ============================================= %$

!%= O:nfdsf] lzIff / d';ndfgx¿sf] Jojxf/ ============================ %&

!^= u}/–d'l:ndx¿nfO{ lsg sflkm/ elgG5 < ============================== %(

lgDg k':tsx¿ vf]hL vf]hL k9f}+

!= O:nfd bz{g

@= O:nfdL cf:yf

#= s'/cfg – lt;f}+ v08

$= d'xDdb -;=_ cNnfxsf b"t

%= d'xDdb -;=_ wd{u|Gyx¿df

^= O:nfdsf] j}1flgs ljZn]if0f

&= s'/cfg – ;+lIfKt kl/ro

*= O:nfddf gf/L

(= ;dosf] ;b"kof]u

k':ts M O:nfd lj/f]wL e|d lgjf/0f

n]vs M 8f= hfls/ gfOs

cg'jfbs M O/kmfg kf]v/]n

k|sfzs M O:nfdL k':tsfno -ldNnt] O:nfdLof g]kfn_

©;jf{lwsf/ M k|sfzs

;+:s/0f M @)^$ a}zfv -clk|n @))&_

k|sflzt k|lt M !)))

sDKo'6/ ;]l6Ë M ;gf]h zfSo

d'b|s M rf?dlt lk|lG6Ë k|];, kmf]g $–@@(*^&

d"No M ¿= $%.–

O:nfd lj/f]wL e|d lgjf/0f-O:nfdsf af/]df u}/–d'l:ndx?n] ug{] ;fdfGo k|Zgx?sf pQ/_

n]vs8f= hfls/ gfOs

cg'jfb tyf ;DkfbsO/kmfg kf]v/]n

k|sfzsO:nfdL k':tsfno

-ldNnt] O:nfdLof g]kfn_306f3/, sf7df8f}+

kf]=a=g+= !#$#^, kmf]g g= $@$!)!&Website: www.islaminnepal.com

k':tssf af/]df b'O{ zAb

k|:t't k':ts 8f= hfls/ gfO{s -dxf;lrj, O:nflds l/;r{ kmfp08]zgd'DaO{, ef/t_ sf] n]v xf] . k]zfn] lrlsT;s ePtf klg cfˆgf]] hLjgsf] nfdf];do O:nfdsf] ;]jf -bfjf sfo{_ df Joltt ug{'ePsf] 5 . To; qmddfO:nfd wd{sf] k|z:t 1fg gePsf tyf O:nfd wd{k|lt k"jf{u|x /fVg]x¿af6k|:t't x'g] u/]sf k|Zg Pj+ lh1f;fx¿sf pQ/ s'/cfg xbL;sf] k|sfzdflbg'sf ;fy} cGo wfld{s k':tsx¿af6 ;d]t k'li6 u/L ;To tYosf] vf]hug{]x¿sf nflu af}l4s v'/fs lbg'sf ;fy} dfu{ bz{g ;d]t ug{'ePsf] 5 .

xfd|f sltko bfh'efO{x¿ O:nfdsf] k|f/lDes Go"gtd 1fg ;d]taf6alGrt 5g\ . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf O:nfd lj/f]wL tTjx¿n] O:nfdsf] lj/f]wdfrflx+bf grflx+bf k|Zgx¿ v8f u/L O:nfdsf] cfsif{0fdf sld Nofpg] /O:nfdnfO{ z+sf pkz+sfsf] 3]/fdf Nofpg] k|oTg ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ ;bf;To tYosf] vf]hdf /xg]x¿sf] Kof; emg\emg\ a9\bf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdfO:nfdsf] :ki6 lzIffnfO{ Jofks ul/Pdf lg:;Gb]x O:nfd ltgLx¿sf] x[bosf]9's9'sL dfq aGb}g o; ;TonfO{ c+lusf/ gu/L /xg klg ;Sb}g . /x\of] s'/fTo:tf tTj / ;d"xsf] h;n] cfˆgf ;a} k|sf/sf >f]tsf] k|of]un] x/]s If0fO:nfdnfO{ abgfd ug{ nfluk/]sf5g\ . To:tfx¿nfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/n] ;Gt'i6kfg{ jf ;'dfu{df Nofpg ;ls+b}g . o:tfx¿nfO{ s'/cfgsf] efiffdf eGg'kbf{ælogLx¿ cfFvf eP/ klg cGwf x'g\, sfg eP/ klg alx/f x'g\, lha|f] eP/ klgaf]Ng ;Sb}gg\Æ eGg ;lsG5 .

306f3/, sf7df8f}+l:yt ztflAbof}+ Oltxf; af]s]sf] g]kfnL hfd] dl:hb-wfld{s:yn_ df ;]jf/t of] l6Kk0fLsf/sf] em08} bz jif{sf] ;]jfsfnsf]cg'ej cg';f/ klg O:nfd / d'l:ndsf] ;DaGwdf lh1f;f /fvL dl:hb tkm{cfpg' x'g] dxfg'efjx¿ dWo] clwstdsf] lh1f;f / k|Zgx¿ klg To:t}vfnsf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . æu}/ d'l:ndx¿nfO{ sflkm/ lsg elgG5 <, ax'ljjfx,kbf{, lhxfb, O:nfdL lzIff / d'l:ndx¿sf] lhjg, s§/afb / cft+sjfb,df+;fxf/, u}/ d'l:ndx¿nfO{ dSsfdf k|j]zdf dgfxL, dlb/fkfg, O:nfddf

dlxnfsf] cl:tTj, O:nfd g} lsg < O:nfd tnjf/n] km}lnPsf] xf] <kz'jwsf] tl/sf, k/nf]sdf cf:yf, h:tf cflb OTofbL lh1f;f / k|Zgx¿sf];Gtf]ifhgs pQ/ n]vs dxf]bon] k|:t't k':tsdf lbg'ePsf] 5 .

k|:t't k':tssf] s'g} klg k"jf{u|x g/fvL v'nf x[bon] cWoog ul/Pdfcfˆgf]] dgdf p7]sf tyf k"jf{u|xLx¿sf] tkm{af6 cfpg] u/]sf lh1f;f Pj+k|Zgx¿sf] ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf pQ/ kfpg / bfjf sfo{df nfu]sfx¿sf]1fgdf ;d]t j[l4 x'g ;S5 elg cfzf ug{;lsG5 .

cGtdf k':tsnfO{ kf7s ;dIf k'¥ofpgdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug{'x'g]n]vs 8f= hfls/ gfOs, cg'jfbs O/kmfg kf]v/]n, k|sfzs O:nfdL k':tsfno/ cGo ;a}nfO{ o;sf] dxfg k|ltkmn b]pmg / of]f k':ts kf7s ju{sf] nfluclwsQd kmfObf hgs agfpg elg cNnfx tcfnf;Fu b'cf -k|fy{gf_ ub{5' .cfdLg\ . jNxDb'lnNnfxL /lAan cfndLg j:;nftf] j:;nfdf] cnf/;'ln{lxns/Ld .

df]xDdb cz/km;lrj

g]kfn hfd] dl:hb -wfld{s :yn_;+rfns ;ldlt

306f3/, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn

ne kashf shobohat

Science

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