ndp – environment project - epimm. h. emilsen 1999-01-27 baseline survey - vøring plateau 1998...

NDP – Environment Project Reports archived in Licens2Share (L2S)

19/08/2014

REPORT DESCRIPTION INSTITUTION AUTHOUR DATE

A parameter study of blowout rates for deep water and their effect on oil droplet and gas bubble generation

To increase the understanding on how a subsea blowout can influence the environment, the study focuses on a range of subsea outflow rates of oil and gas at deep water under various hypothetical outflow scenarios. Five different seabed outflow configuration scenarios have been defined for blowouts during drilling and testing. Water depth, reservoir depth, reservoir pressure, inflow performance and GOR have been varied to cover a typical range for existing and planned wells in the area.

Norsk Hydro, Oslo Rygg, O. B. and M. H. Emilsen

1999-01-27

Baseline survey - Vøring Plateau 1998

This report presents a summary of the results from the baseline survey at the deepwater Vøring Plateau in 1998. A total of 16 stations were investigated. A summary report (99-3213), main report (99-3135) and an appendix report (99-3214) has been worked out.

Det Norske Veritas, Oslo

Jensen, T. et al 1999-05-21

Beredskapsplan - Overvåkning av vannsøylen (OAV) Appendix

Beredskapsplan for overvåkning av vannmassene (Beredskapsplan OAV) etablerer rutiner og prosedyrer for fremskaffelse av grunnlagsdata fra omkringliggende vannmasser etterfulgt av en undervannsutblåsning på stort havdyp. Planen er generisk og skal anvendes integrert med Beredskapsplan – Oljevern for den aktuelle boreoperasjon. Beredskapsplanen danner grunnlaget for gjennomføring av Aksjonsplan – Overvåkning av vannsøylen (Aksjonsplan OAV).


NN 1999-02-22

Bioavailability of PAH in the Deep-Sea

This report examines if pressure influences the bioavailability of hydrocarbons in the deep-sea, and measures the bioavailability by uptake in semi-

IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger

Skadsheim, A. 2004-11-19

permeable membrane devices (SPMD) and plastic strips normally used in monitoring of water concentrations of hydrocarbons. It uses PAH of different molecule sizes to describe hydrocarbon distribution between oil, water, SPMD and strips and test at 1, 110, 200 and 400 bar pressure, and assess how shallow water knowledge may be transferred to the deep-sea for environmental risk assessment purposes.

Biodegradation of esters and olefins in drilling mud deposited on Arctic soft-bottom communities in a low-temperature Mesocosm

In order to assess the fate of the most recently developed ester- and olefin-based chemicals under such conditions, a comparative study was performed in the soft-bottom laboratory at Marine Research Station Solbergstrand on sediment communities transferred from Arctic and temperate deep fjord locations. The sediments were initially treated with four levels of cuttings (zero, low, medium and high dose) and maintained at simulated seabed conditions at -0.5 and 7°C, respectively.

Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo

Schaanning, M. et al

1997-12-15

Biodegradation of hydrocarbons at elevated pressure (I)

The main goal was to establish whether degradation rates and patterns were similar at atmospheric pressure and at deep sea pressures (100 and 400 bar, representing water depths of 0, 1000 and 4000 meters respectively). Pressurised cells were used to incubate seawater microbes (sampled from 80m depth) with two crude oils (Statfjord and Goliat) and different nutrient additions at 5°C for periods up to two months.

RF-Akvamiljø, Stavanger

Kjeilen-Eilertsen, G.

2004-10-05

Biodegradation of hydrocarbons at elevated pressure (II)

The main objective of this phase of the NDP biodegradation project was to gain new information particularly related to the deep water inocula and how it affected biodegradation rates. The focus was to


Kjeilen-Eilertsen, G. et al

2007-12-28

evaluate degradation rates and patterns using sea water from deep-sea environment as microbial inocula (1000 and 2000 meters), and further to avoid compression/decompression of samples during the experiment.

Biodegradation of oil at low temperature

Biodegradation of two oils, Statfjord and Goliath, were performed in natural seawater at low temperatures, 5 and 0°C. Degradation experiments were conducted both with water-soluble fractions of the oil and thin oil films immobilized on hydrophobic matrices. Biodegradation was determined as biotransformation, based on depletion measured by gas chromatographic analysis.

SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim

Brakstad, O. G. 2004-09-09

Biological effects at high pressure and low temperature

A new laboratory facility was built for high pressure and low temperature testing. Three experiments were conducted on shallow water living bivalve horse shells (Modiolus modiolus) for pressures up to 100 bar and temperatures down to 0.6 °C.


Skadsheim, A. et al

2007-12-21

Deep water remote sensing and monitoring (NDP State of the art study)

The report aims to give the status of current technologies and future outlook for in situ sensing and monitoring of the marine environment with emphasis on the deep-sea. This is achieved by using information collected from recent workshops and examination of a number of technical and scientific literatures. The report covers several topics: Needs and current experiences of O&G operators, experiences from oil sensing and tracking, for oil spill preparedness, reviews of existing and promising physical and chemical in situ sensors and biosensors/biological sensors, existing platforms


Baussant, T. et al

2013-07-24

with their associated sensor payloads and deep-sea observatories.

Development of methodology for studying natural dispersion and emulsification of thin oil films - Final report

The main scope of the project has been to develop a methodology for studying the natural dispersion and emulsification of thin oil films by modifying existing laboratory test procedures. Properties and minimum film thickness of three different oils were needed for emulsion formation, and the methodology for finding the minimum oil film thickness had to be developed.

SINTEF Applied Chemistry, Trondheim

Melbye, A. G. et al

1999-11-25

Dissolution of oil components from dispersed oil droplets

The main objective of the project was to determine how releases from blowouts in deep waters will be partitioned between the dispersed and dissolved phases as the oil droplets ascend towards the sea surface. The study was initiated by conducting a literature review to identify theoretical advances on the various aspects of the dissolution process. Next, a model of the dissolution process was implemented in SINTEF’s DeepBlow model, including the findings from this study. Finally, model simulations were made for the relevant DeepSpill experimental releases and compared with the data obtained from the chemical analyses of water samples from the same experiments.


Johansen, Ø. 2003-05-19

Drop size formation from deep water blowouts

The study has made an assessment of methods for prediction of droplet size, and eventually proposed methods for experimental determination of the droplet distribution. The report includes also a discussion of the dominating mechanisms for droplet formation in sub-sea blowouts, based on a literature survey of droplet formation in liquid jets.


Rye, H. et al 1998-09-25

Ecological consequences of exploration drilling on coral reefs in the Træna Deep

This study has increased the required knowledge for management decisions concerning petroleum exploration in deep-water coral reef areas. In order to find out how far from a drilling site potential negative impacts can be traced on the coral reefs, the health status from video records, composition of selected chemical components in the coral skeleton, and the distribution of chemical indicators in the sediments have been analysed.

Institute of Marine Research, Bergen

Mortensen, P. B. et al

2007-01-30

Environmental monitoring – Workshop report 19/11/2003

The aim of the workshop was to discuss how to go about environmental monitoring of petroleum activities in deep-sea areas. Participants at the workshop in Tromsø included representatives from industry (end-users), regulatory authorities, consultants and relevant researchers.

Akvaplan-niva, Tromsø

Cochrane, S. 2004-01-14

Environmental risk of deep water oil drilling - Preliminary analysis

The rising plume, consisting of oil, gas and entrained water will reach its “depth of trapping”, from where the individual oil droplets will rise individually through the water column. The speed of the rising droplets will then depend on their size, where smaller droplets have a slower ascent than the larger ones. The results indicate that a surface slick will be formed within a few hours from the blow out. In the present report the ecological consequences of such a scenario are evaluated. The evaluation rests on knowledge of the hydrographical condition of the Norwegian Sea, the distribution and abundance of the biological components of the ecosystem, and to what extent these are prone to suffer from oil pollution.

Senter for Marint Miljø, Bergen

Melle, W. et al 2000-02-01

Environmental Risk Scenarios Issues on behavior, fate and effects of petroleum RF-Akvamiljø, Kjeilen- 2004-01-14

industry related discharges from deep sea exploration and production into deep sea areas cannot currently be described in a manner sufficient to assess environmental risk. The present report seeks to describe scenarios relevant to the petroleum industry with the basis in current and foreseeable activities in deep sea regions. These scenarios will then provide the basis for addressing specific issues relating to the overall objective of assessing environmental risk of deep sea petroleum activities. They will be considered in the further task specifications in the Deep Risk project.

Stavanger and SINTEF, Trondheim

Eliertsen, G. et al

Evaluation of oil spill contingency for deep water releases of oil on the Norwegian Shelf

The report evaluates oil spill contingency of deepwater releases. The basis for the evaluation is four defined situations of “hazard and accident”, two located at Gjallarryggen ( 67oN, 4o50`E) and the other two at Ormen Lange (63o30`N, 5o14`E). The two scenarios (release rate and GOR) addressed at each site were identical.

NOFO, Sandnes/Hammerfest

Skeie, G. M. et al

2000-09-01

Grunnlagsundersøkelse Vøring 1998. (Baselie survey Vøring 1998)

Denne sammendragsrapporten presenterer de viktigste resultatene fra grunnlagsundersøkelsen gjennomført på dypt vann på Vøring i 1998. Feltarbeidet ble gjennomført i perioden 28. mai til 3. juni 1998 fra fartøyet ‘HYDROGRAF’. Totalt ble det samlet inn sedimenter fra 16 stasjoner fra 591 til 1520 m dyp. Prøvene ble analysert for: - total organisk materiale, - kornstørrelsesfordeling, - bløtbunnsfauna - total hydrokarboner (THC), - NPD, dekaliner, PAHer,



- metaller (Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb og Zn)

Hydratdannelse og dråpestørrelse ved dypvannsutblåninger

Rapporten beskriver forhold knyttet til prosesser som forventes å finne sted ved undervannsutblåsninger på dypt vann på norsk sokkel. Rapporten presenterer en litteraturgjennomgang av de forhold som er funnet å være av betydning for dannelsen av og oppførselen til en oppdriftsplume.

SINTEF Kjemi, Trondheim

Johansen, Ø. 1999-01-19

Hydrographic conditions and vertical distribution of plankton and nekton in the Eastern Norwegian Sea

This report summarizes knowledge about hydrography and vertical distribution of nutrients, chlorophyll, plankton and nekton in the eastern Norwegian Sea, focusing on the Vøring Plateau.

Institute of Marine Research, Bergen

Bjørke, H. et al 1999-02-11

Literature Review of Aspects Relevant for Biodegradation in the Deep-Sea

This report focuses on the available findings in the available literature on biodegradation of oil hydrocarbons, with emphasis on deep seawater conditions. Important deep-sea conditions like pressure, temperature, oxygen variations, seawater current conditions, nutrients supplies, as well as biotic factors, are described in relation to hydrocarbon biodegradation.

RF-Akvamiljø, Stavanger and SINTEF, Trondheim

Kjeilen-Eilertsen, G. et al

2004-06-24

Litteraturstudium - Porifera Litteraturstudium om effektstudier på svamp og svampsamfunn med spesielt fokus på potensielle effekter fra olje- og gassindustri.


Ulfsnes, A. 2007-10-02

MEMW gas tracking project. Development and implementation of gas blowout sub-model in Fates.

This development implements SINTEF’s stand-alone Fates model into MEMW/Fates, together with improvements of the gas blowout model. Results are presented as a grid of gas flux into the atmosphere and void fraction in surface water. Gas bubble particles are tracked and displayed in the water column.

SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim

Durgut, I. 2012-06-13

MEMW (Marine Environmental This document describes the use of the numerical SINTEF Materials and Reed, M. et al 2012-05-22

Modeling Workbench) OSCAR and Dream models User’s manual (version 6.2)

models that operate within the Marine Environmental Modeling Workbench (MEMW):

DREAM: Dose-related Risk and Exposure Assessment Model for produced water discharges and chemical releases,

ParTrack: Particle Tracking for drilling discharges, and

OSCAR: Oil Spill Contingency and Response. MEMW is a framework for performing simulation, analysis, and presentation tasks related to releases to the marine environment. The framework supports a common set of tools and resources, and provides a unified environment for the user to work with different models sharing common features

Chemistry, Trondheim

Oil spill contingency for deep water exploration

The present report contains:

A review of different oil spill scenarios to be expected during a blowout in deep waters (700 - 1500 m depth).

A review of the oceanographic conditions off the Norwegian Continental Shelf down to 700 —1500 m depths in the Norwegian Sea.

Calculations of the expected underwater plume rise and trapping of the plume below the sea surface, as well as the properties of the resulting oil slick on the sea surface.


Rye, H. and Ø. Johansen

1999-02-22

Overvåkning av vannsøylen Metoder og prosedyrer Beredskapsplan

Det er gjennomført en analyse av definerte forhold som vil berøres ved et eventuelt utslipp fra et reservoar på dypt vann. Disse inkluderer: · Identifikasjon av mulige utslippstiuasjoners spesifikke karakteristikker.


Andersen, A. B. et al

1998-11-16

· Vurderinger av parametere som vil være bestemmende for en utslippshendelses forløp. · Analyse av sannsynlig influensområde/ volum. · Konsekvenser for biologiske ressurser. · Deteksjon av influensområde/ volum. · Teknologiske muligheter og begrensninger knyttet til deteksjon av influensområdet/ volum. · Betingelser for overvåkning av vannmassene under en utblåsningshendelse Resultatene fra dette arbeidet er benyttet videre til å identifisere rammebetingelser for beredskap ved overvåkning etter en utslippshendelse på dypt vann (> 500 m).

Physical/Chemical Fate of Gas from Deep Water Blowouts

The present report presents findings from a literature review focusing on recent studies on the physical-chemical properties of natural gases at elevated pressure and low temperature. The objective of the study has been to cover recent progress on the formation of bubbles from gas released in deep water, and the subsequent fate of these bubbles due to dissolution and hydrate formation — and to implement the findings in the DeepBlow model when appropriate. However —the present report is focused on the findings from the literature study, while model enhancements as such will be reported in the planned second phase of the study.


Johansen, Ø. 2004-11-04

Regional grunnlagsundersøkelse på dypt vann - Innsamlingsprogram for Vøringregionen 1998

Program for grunnlagsundersøkelse av sedimenter på dypt vann i Vøringregionen, 1998. Programmet beskriver de fysiske, kjemiske og biologiske analyser som skal utføres og posisjoner for stasjonene som

Akvaplan-niva, Tromsø

Mannsvik, H. et al

1997-11-18

inngår.

Sammendragsrapport. Miljøundersøkelse Region IX - Finnmark

Denne sammendragsrapporten presenterer de viktigste resultatene fra miljøundersøkelsen i Region IX – Finnmark i 1998. Totalt ble 30 stasjoner undersøkt. Undersøkelsen er utført i samarbeid med SINTEF-Kjemi. Det er utarbeidet en separat hovedrapport på norsk (DNV, rapport nr. 99-3137).



Sponges – NDP Workshop 26/09/2007

The objective of the workshop was to gather the expertise on sponges in Norway to establish the current status of knowledge and the main gap of knowledge regarding sponges and sponge communities. There is a general lack of knowledge related to marine sponges and this gap of knowledge is also highlighted in the management plan for the Barents Sea.

Norwegian Deepwater Programme

Nilssen, I. et al 2007-09-26

Subsea blowout model for deep waters

This report presents a new sub-sea blowout model designed with special emphasis on deep-water conditions. The model is an integral plume model based on a Lagrangian concept. This concept is applied to multiphase discharges of formation water, oil and gas in a stratified water column with variable currents. The gas may be converted to hydrate in combination with seawater, dissolved into the plume water, or leaking out of the plume due to the slip velocity between gas bubbles and plume rise. Non-ideal behavior of the gas is accounted for in terms of a potential reduction in the exit mass fraction of gas due to pressure enhanced dissolution of gas in the oil phase, and by introduction of a pressure and temperature dependent compressibility z-factor in the


Johansen, Ø. 1998-12-23

equation of state.

Summary report from NDP Workshop 14/12/2004

The Workshop (state-of-art) covered four different topics: • Experiences using ROV/UW photo to increase the deep water biodiversity knowledge • The possibility to include biomarkers in environmental surveys • Biodiversity • Planned deepwater baseline studies in 2005


Jensen, T. 2005-01-17

Taxonomy (taksonomi-aktiviteter) Oppsummering av første utlysningsrunde i dypvannsprogrammet 2007/2008

NDP har bidratt til opprettelse av et tidsbegrenset fond for å støtte langsiktig utvikling av norsk faglig kompetanse og kapasitet for morfologisk og molekylær taksonomi vedrørende dypvannsfauna i norske farvann. Denne rapporten gir en kort oppsummering av første utlysningsrunde i dypvannsprogrammet

Det Norske Videskaps-Akademi (Norwegian Academy for Science and Letters), Oslo

Sørenseth, Ø. et al

2009-03-31

ndp – environment project - epimm. h. emilsen 1999-01-27 baseline survey - vøring plateau 1998...

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