1.Introduction ofNational Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering(NCREE) Prof. Kuo-Chun ChangDirector, NCREEProfessor, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanDecember 6, 2010 1

2. Seismicity in Taiwan (1900-2009)Tectonics of TaiwanEarthquake Distribution of Taiwan (A.D.1900-2009)2 3. 1999 Chi-Chi EarthquakeMl=7.3 Sept. 21, 1999Vertical Rupture = 9.0m Taipei CountyTai-Chung County3 4. Evolution of NCREEProject awarded by NSC to NTU in 1990Merged into NARL as one of the Centers in2003Directorship Prof. K.C. Chang2010- PresentProf. K.C. Tsai2003- 2010Prof. C.H. Loh1997-2003Prof. C.S. Yeh1990-1997Major experimental facilities have been inoperation since 1997 when the constructionof the lab was completed4 5. Vision and MissionPre-quake preparation, emergency responseand post-quake recoveryIntegrate research capacities of variousearthquake engineering research institutes inTaiwan to enhance the research capability ofthe nationPromote international research cooperation forearthquake hazard mitigation, and play a keyrole in the earthquake engineering researchcommunity of the world5 6. Vision - Recoverable and Sustainable CommunitiesSeismic Design,Fast recoveryEvaluation andRetrofit New Materials, Structures and Hazard PredictionNovel Technologiesand Risk AssessmentSafe andOperational Assistance and Monitoring, EarlySafe and Recovery from Warning andUsableDisasterFast Assessment6 7. Medium-term: Enhancing Community Resilience Fast Assistance and Recovery Procedure TargetsCost Effective Technologies for SeismicAccurately Earthly Warning System andDesign, Evaluation and Retrofit General Buildings(Low, Medium and High Rise Building etc.)Important Structures(Hi-tech factory, dangerous goods Storehouse, harbor etc.)Rescue and Emergency Facilities(Hospital, School, Police andfire station etc.)Lifeline Utilities(Tap-water, Fuel Gas, Electric Power, Communication, and Traffic etc.)7Improving Seismic Resistance of Specific Structures 8. Personnel (2010)A total of 106 employees23 others30 PhD22% 28%53 MS 50%8 9. Revenue in 2009(9.58 million US dollars for 2009) /US 472thousand US 1,549 4.9% thousand16.2% US 7,560 thousand78.9%(7.56 million US dollars from NSC)9 10. Experimental Facilities L-shape reaction wall(15m+12m+9m+6m in height) 15m St rong f lo or5mx5m 3D10 Earthquake simulator 11. Experimental Facilities Multi-Axial Testing System (MATS) 4000ton1.2m Strong Floor11 12. Shaking Table Tests12 13. Reaction Wall Tests - Full Scale StructuralElement Tests World-Largest BRB Test13 14. Contribution to Evolution of SeismicDesign Codes Building structures Highway bridges Seismic isolation and energy dissipation design Railway bridges Qualification for seismic isolation and energy dissipation devices14 15. Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit ofSchool Buildings Strategy was proposed. Methods for simple survey, preliminary evaluation, detailed evaluation and retrofit design were developed. Handbook was published. Workshops were held for engineers and school administrations. In Situ Pushover Test 2000 RFL Displacement - Base Shear Without Retrofit With Retrofit 1600 Base Shear (kN) 1200 800 400 00100200 300RFL Displacement (mm)400500 In SituLaboratory Pseudo Dynamic TestFull Scale Cyclic TestEffectiveness of Retrofit15 16. Project on Seismic Upgrading for Buildings ofElementary and Secondary Schools Project was approved by the Legislation Yuan as part of economy stimulus to expand investment in public works in response to financial tsunami. NT$18.3 billion was allocated for seismic upgrading of elementary and secondary school buildings. 1,500 school buildings will have been retrofitted in four years, from 2009 to 2012. In order to conduct the project systematically and effectively, NCREE was entrusted by the Ministry of Education to establish a special office to offer support on administration and technology. Data base was set up to support decision making. Specification was drafted to standardize operation procedures. Training courses were held for dissemination.16 17. In Situ Experiment on Seismic Performance of School Buildings17 18. 20100304 Jia-Xian Earthquake Location of Yu-Jing Junior High School (Grades 7-9) andYu-Jing Vocational School (Grades 10-12)Distancebetween two schools 1.2 kmYu-Jing Junior High School(PGA184gal) 30 km from Yu-Jing locationepicenterschool (PGA168gal) from 31 km from epicenter Epicenter18 19. 20100304 Damages of School Building inJia-Xian Earthquake After the earthquake, three reconnaissance teams were sent to the disaster area. Yu-Jing Junior High School and Yu-Jimg Vocational School were about 30 km from the epicenter. The distance between the two schools is about 1 km. Three buildings without retrofit in Yu-Jing Junior High School were found seriously damaged. No damage was observed in the buildings with retrofit in Yu-Jing Vocational School.19Yu-Jinh Junior High School Yu-Jinh Junior High School 20. Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (1/2) Complete loss assessment within short time after receiving mail from CWB and automatically send messages to emergency response persons to assist in initiation and management of CEOC20 21. Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (2/2) Early seismic loss estimation improves the efficiency of emergency responses Seismic disaster simulations provides useful data (PME, rescue & medical resources, etc.) for disaster reduction plans Probabilistic seismic risk assessment has been applied in TREIF-ERA to study insurance policy and to update risk measures Risk assessment of highway bridges has been applied in prioritization of retrofit sequence of bridges of DGH, MOTC21 22. Bridge Multiple Hazard Monitoring SystemMultiple hazards, especially earthquake and flooding scour, must beproperly considered and constant monitored for crucial bridges. Scourfailures tend to occur suddenly and without warning. Hydraulic scouringis one of the major factors for bridge failure. Bridges that are subject toperiodic flooding should be monitored during high-flow seasons for thesafety of the public. NCREE has been focused on this bridge scouringproblems and developed a series multiple hazards monitoring systemsusing the wireless sensor network technology.The performance of the resistance characteristics of a pier under thecondition of a torrential flood or earthquake can then be monitored inreal-time, whenever it happens. Wireless sensor networks using theWu River / Da Du Bridge, Taichung, TaiwanZigbee protocol provide real-time information will be of significant help tobridge authorities for both bridge operation and maintenance under- natural disaster conditions.P13P10P9 P12 P11 5c m 8 7 6 (m) 5 40 312 234 156 078 2 3 425 30 2015 5 105 (m (m) /s ec ) 22 23. Precast segmental post-tensioned concrete bridge columns Taichung Area Expressway No .4Reduce environmental impact andtraffic disruption; applied toTaichung Area Expressway No. 4. Tests of columns withlead-rubber seismic isolation bearingsTests of columns with high performance steel energy dissipation bars23 Installation of column cap 24. Effect of Rocking on the Seismic Performance of Pier with Spread Footing Improve the regulation related to footing size in the seismic design code for bridges drift (%) drift (%) -8-6-4 -2 0 2468drift (%)-8-6-4-2 0 246 8-8-6-4-2 0 2 4 6 8200200V2C=166kN 200V2C=134kNCD30FB-F V2C=166kN CD30FB-RCD30FS-RV2C=134kN Lateral force (kN)100Lateral force (kN) Lateral force (kN)100 10000 0Mr-100-100-100 WT P-D curve-200-200-200 -200-100 0 100 200 -200-1000 100 200 lateral displacement (mm) -200-1000 100 200 lateral displacement (mm)lateral displacement (mm) qu B= cm B=170cmB=140cmB500500500 400400400CD30FB-FCD30FB-RCD30FS-R 300300M 2C 300Moment (kN-m)Moment (kN-m)Moment (kN-m) 200200200 100100 =414kN-m 100 0 0 0-100-100-100-200-200-200-300 M- curve-300-300-400-400-400-500-500-500 -0.08-0.06-0.04-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 -0.08-0.06-0.04-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 -0.08-0.06-0.04-0.02 00.02 0.04 0.06 0.0824 Rotation (radian) Rotation (radian) Rotation (radian) 25. Drift ratio (%) In Situ Experiment on Seismic 1250-6-5-4 -3 -2-1 0 123 45 6 125 Performance of Niu-Tou Bridges1000750 P3 COLUMN 100 7550050Lateral Force (kN)Laterl force (tonf)25025 PULLPUSH NCREE coordinated00-250 -25 professors and -500 -50 researchers from NTU,-750 -75 NCTU, NCU, NTUT, and-1000 -100 YUNTECH to executive-1250 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0100200 300 400 500 600 -125Lateral Displacement (mm) the interdisciplinary research. This is the first case about in situ experiment on seismic performance of bridges in the world. The research results will be provided for the Ministry of Transportation and Communication (MOTC) to review the seismic design codes for25 bridges. 26. Buckling Restrained BraceTaichung City Government Building Morethan10000pieces of DoubleCoreBRBs have beenusedinSeismic retrofitandnew constructionprojectsin Taiwan. Slotted Buckling Restrained Brace Double-Core BRBs Slotted BRB Patent Pending: CanadaKorea China Taiwan Italy U.S.A.26 Japan 27. PISA3D Development and ApplicationsHasbeencertifiedandappliedinpracticalengineeringE-Defense Blind Analysis Contest 2009 The numerical prediction of 5-story frame 2nd place winner in 3-D category, steel damper3rd place winner in 3-D category, viscous damper3rd place winner in 2-D category, steel damper Detailed Seismic Evaluation of Existing School Buildings Practical applications27 28. Shaking Table Test and Numerical analysis of the Medical Equipment Fixed on the Light-Weight partition Wall300280 Support Loading (kg)250202.65200 Dynamictest Statictest150 113.4100 68 68 500 CNSSteel sheet Light concretereinf orcement Test samplesExperiment DevicesThe Results of Static and Dynamic ExperimentsBlock Shear Failure Tension FailureBending FailurePunching Shear Failure Handrail DeviceCrib Equipment States of Failure forHand-Washing28 The Light Partition Board Equipment 29. On-site Earthquake Early Warning System SensorCampus-type EEWS Demonstration Station On-site EEWSTaipei, Fanghe J.H.S. / Yilan, Yilan E.S. Filter TriggerBWNN Seismic sensorOn-line EEW Earthquake Warningcalculation System Earthquake Warning AutomaticWarning Control MessageAutomatic Control ChiChi EQ. / Taichung / 50 kmEEW / Intensity: 5524Intensity: 5 14 EQ Trigger 3 6 3 4 EQ Trigger:27.9s 5 2 Acc.>40gal 1 ChiChi EQ. / Hsinchu / 105 km EEW / Intensity: 4 1. Message broadcast 1. EEW message switch to TV 6 2. LED message Display 2. Automatically cut off the gasIntensity: 5 3. Automatically door opening3. Evacuation instructions EQ Trigger 4. Evacuation instructions 4. Emergency lightening switch 5. Emergency lightening switch 5. Emergency power switch EQ Trigger: 6.29Automatic Bookshelf Stopper 6. Emergency park the elevator to the closest floor32.6s Acc.>40gal 30. Geological Survey of Strong Motion Stations NCREE and CWB are cooperating in the drilling project. 469 stations have been surveyed, and 22 of them have depths greater than 50m. Those results were bulletined in the website below. http://geo.ncree.org.tw/30 31. High Technology Science Parks Earthquake Monitoring and Site Effect Study NCREE Broadband Seismic NetworkScience Parks Site EffectHsing-Chu Tainan31 32. Soil Gas Monitoring Distribution of soil-gas survey in Ilan Plain ,about 160 samples were collected and analyzed. Physical model of Taiwan dividing it into two tectonic zones (red and green circles), whereas dashed area is the common tectonic zone.32 33. Studies on Model Pile in Saturated Sand Lateral load testShaking table test 20PileFree Field 16Amplification factor 12 8 4 00 24 68 10 12 14 161820 Frequency (Hz)33 Nonlinear p-y relation Inertia and kinematic effect on pileAmplification factor vs. frequency (Dr = 65.4 %) 34. Introducing and Demonstrating Earthquake Engineering Research in Schools (IDEERS)IDEERSEducational programs for high school,undergraduate and graduate students34 35. International Training Program (ITP) for Seismic Design of Structures 50 People 40CountryNumber 30 20 1002002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year35 36. Building a Safe Homeland Introduction to Earthquake Engineering36 37. Thank you for your attendance 37