nchrp 10 -65 updatesp.construction.transportation.org/documents/von... · density, non-nuclear...

NCHRP 10NCHRP 10--65 Update65 UpdateAASHTO Subcommittee on

Construction

Louisville, Kentucky

August 3, 2005

Harold L. Von Quintus, P.E.

NCHRP 10NCHRP 10--6565

Nondestructive Testing Technology for Quality Control and Acceptance of Flexible Pavement Construction

Expanding the Realm of Possibility

Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

1. Overview & Status of Project

2. Findings from Initial Field Study

3. Recommendations from Initial Field Study

4. Concluding Comments

NCHRP 10NCHRP 10NCHRP 10NCHRP 10----65656565


Project Objectives:Project Objectives:

1. Conduct field evaluation of NDT technologies & determine their effectiveness and practicality for QA.

2. Recommend test protocols for NDT technologies for QA programs for:

� Embankment Soils

� Aggregate Base Materials

� HMA Mixtures



Project TeamProject TeamPrincipal Investigator

Mr. H.L. Von Quintus

ARA, Inc.

Field Evaluations

Dr. C. Rao, ARA, Inc.

Dr. E. Minchin, UF

FWD/LWD/DCP

Mr. J. Mallela

Mr. R. Stubstad

ARA, Inc.

Seismic Methods

Dr. S. Nazarian

UTEP

GPR

Dr. K. Maser

Infrasense

Statistician

Dr. Maghsoodloo

NCAT

Lab Testing

Mr. B. Prowell

NCAT



Project StatusProject Status

Potential NDT Technologies = Potential NDT Technologies = Those Those READYREADY & appropriate for & appropriate for ROUTINEROUTINE, , PRACTICALPRACTICAL & & EFFECTIVEEFFECTIVE tools for use in QA.tools for use in QA.

��DeflectionDeflection--Based TechnologiesBased Technologies

��SeismicSeismic--Based TechnologiesBased Technologies

��GPRGPR--Based TechnologiesBased Technologies

��NonNon--Nuclear DensityNuclear Density--Based TechnologiesBased Technologies

��StrengthStrength--Based TechnologiesBased Technologies


Completed

June 2004

Phase 1 – Identify POTENTIAL POTENTIAL

NDT technologies for application to QA programs.


Project StatusProject Status

Summer 2006Final Report

Fall 2005 to Spring 2006

Part B – Improve/Revise test protocol & data interpretation procedures

Completed

June 2005

Part A – Confirm applicability of NDT test method

Phase 2 – Field Evaluation of Potential NDT Technologies



Part A HypothesesPart A Hypotheses

NDT Test Method:

�Can identify localized anomalies.

�Provides an accurate estimate of material-layer properties.

�Provides an accurate measure of the mean & variance of lot.

�Is insensitive to surface condition or texture of the surface.



Part A NDT TechnologyPart A NDT TechnologyDeflectionDeflection--Based MethodsBased Methods


SeismicSeismic--Based MethodsBased MethodsNCHRP 10NCHRP 10NCHRP 10NCHRP 10----65656565


StrengthStrength--Based Based MethodsMethods

GPRGPR--Based Based MethodsMethods



NonNon--Nuclear DensityNuclear Density--Based Based MethodsMethods


Part A Project SummaryPart A Project Summary

YesYesSH-130

Georgetown, TX.

HMAYesYesUS-285 Alabama

SoilYesI-85 Ramp Reconstr. Auburn, AL.

SMAYesI-85 Overlay

Auburn, AL.

SoilYesYesYesTH-23 Reconstr.

Spicer, MN.

SoilYesMnRoads Demonstration

Intelligent Rollers

HMA Mixes

Aggr. Base

SoilsProject



MALL

Section 1 / SouthSection 3 / North

EXISTING TH 23 ROADWAY

ABC

12345

x

xx

xxx

xxx

xxx

xxx

NORTH

ABC

12345

x

xx

xxx

xxx

xxx

xxx

ABC

12345

x

xx

xxx

xxx

xxx

xxx

Section 2 / Middle

7956+007960+007962+007966+007971+237975+22

SOUTH

Part A Testing Plan Part A Testing Plan –– Unbound MaterialsUnbound MaterialsTHTH--23, Aggregate Base Section; MN.23, Aggregate Base Section; MN.

High moisture, low density

Low moisture, high density


MALL

A B C

54

32

1

x x x

x x x

x x x

x x x

x x x

I

III

IV

II

Section 1 to 3Tested 1 day after paving

Section 4 Tested on day of paving

Part A Testing Plan Part A Testing Plan –– HMA Section; MN.HMA Section; MN.

Low Asphalt Content


Unbound Materials TestingUnbound Materials Testing

THTH--23 23 Embankment Embankment FoundationFoundation

II--85 Embankment 85 Embankment FillFill

SHSH--130 Improved 130 Improved SoilSoil USUS--280 280

Crushed Crushed Stone BaseStone Base

THTH--2323

Crushed Crushed Aggregate BaseAggregate Base


Part A Analysis Plan Part A Analysis Plan Unbound Materials & SoilsUnbound Materials & Soils

�Comparison of test results to repeated

load resilient modulus values.

� Identification of varying conditions.

i

RRRR

Density

LWDMSeismicMDCPMLabM

≈

≈≈≈ )()()()(



Identifying Anomalies or Material Identifying Anomalies or Material ChangesChanges

20.513.5-34.419.3GPR

4.55.25.6LWD, ksi

18.517.111.5DCP, ksi

123.9123.4122.9EDG, pcf

51.739.631.1DSPA, ksi

12.610.37.5GeoGauge

North – ASouth – C OthersNDT

TH-23 Embankment Foundation

South Section – C; Lowest density

North Section – A; Highest density, lowest moisture.


Unbound Materials Testing;Unbound Materials Testing;Within Technology ComparisonsWithin Technology Comparisons

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 10 20 30 40 50

Elastic Modulus, CarlBro Device, ksi

Ela

sti

c M

od

ulu

s, F

WD

,

ksi

FWD, Base 1 FWD, Base 2 FWD, Base 3

FWD, Base 4 Line of Equality

0.1

1

10

100

1 10 100

Elastic Modululs, CarlBro Device, ksi

Ela

sti

s M

od

ulu

s,

Oth

er

LW

D

Devic

es,

ksi

LoadMan, Soil 1

Loadman, Soil 2

LoadMan, Base 1

LoadMan, Base 2

Prima100, Area 1

Prima100, Area2

Prima100, Area 3

Prima100, Area 4

Line of Equality

Systematically lower E values from FWD.

CarlBro & Prima 100 result in consistent E values.



Unbound Materials Testing;Unbound Materials Testing;Within Technology ComparisonsWithin Technology Comparisons

0

50

100150

200

250

300

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Resilient Modulus, GeoGauge, ksi

Se

ism

ic M

od

ulu

s,

DS

PA

, k

si

I-85 Soil TH-23 Soil TH-23 Base

US-280 Base Line of Equality SH-130 Improved Soil

Reasonable correspondence between DSPA & GeoGauge.



Unbound Materials Testing;Unbound Materials Testing;Between Technology ComparisonsBetween Technology Comparisons

0

20

40

60

80

0 20 40 60 80

Resilient Modulus, GeoGauge, ksi

Mo

du

lus f

rom

Oth

er

ND

T

Devic

es, ksi

DCP LWD Line of Equality

Modulus from LWD less than from DCP & GeoGauge.




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dry Density, QA Records, pcf

Mo

du

lus f

rom

ND

T T

ests

,

ksi

GeoGauge DCP LWD

Better correlation between dry density & GeoGauge and DCP.




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

100 110 120 130 140 150

Dry Density, EDG, pcf

Re

silie

nt

Mo

du

lus

,

Ge

oG

au

ge

, k

si

Embankments Aggregate Base Crushed Stone Improved Soil


90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140


Dry

Den

sit

y,

Nu

cle

ar

Den

sit

y

Gau

ge



0

510

1520

25

102 104 106 108 110 112 114


Mo

du

lus

, k

si

GeoGauge I-85 DCP; I-85

20

40

60

80

142 144 146 148 150


Mo

du

lus

, k

si

GeoGauge; US-280 Base DCP; US-280 Base



GeoGaugeGeoGauge is the Recommended is the Recommended NDT Device; Why?NDT Device; Why?

� Provides measure of resilient modulus.

� Adequately identified anomalies.

� Adequately ranked the relative order of materials.

� Resilient modulus correlated to dry density.

� Coefficient of variation is much less that other devices.

� Easily used to measure increasing resilient

modulus with increasing compaction.Moisture content and density must be measured

with other devices.


HMA MixturesHMA Mixtures

USUS--280 HMA Base280 HMA Base

Supplemental TestingSupplemental Testing

II--85 SMA Overlay85 SMA Overlay


Initial TestingInitial Testing

SegregationSegregation


Part A Analysis Plan Part A Analysis Plan HMA MixturesHMA Mixtures

�Comparison of test results to

dynamic modulus values.

� Identification of anomalies & varying

conditions.

iDensity

FWDESeismicELabE

≈

≈≈≈ )()()(***




5.6---5.5GPR, Suppl.

7.36.87.0GPR, Initial

707---877FWD, Suppl.

145126203FWD, Initial

136.6---140.4PQI, Suppl.

147.0154.3*148.0PQI, Initial

391---555PSPA, Suppl.

330424500PSPA, Initial

SegregationOthers Section 2NDT

Section 2, Initial Testing; Low asphalt content.



HMA Mixture Testing;HMA Mixture Testing;Between Technology ComparisonsBetween Technology Comparisons

50

150

250

350

450

550

650

750

50 150 250 350 450 550 650 750

Seismic Modulus, PSPA, ksi

Ela

sti

c M

od

ulu

s, F

WD

, k

si

SMA Overlay HMA Base Segregated Areas Joints Line of Equality




130

140

150

160

170

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Air Voids, GPR, percent

De

ns

ity

, p

cf

PQI - TH-23 Base PQI - SMA Overlay PQI - US-280 Base

PQI - US-280 Base Nuclear - SMA Overlay Nuclear - US-280 Base




120

130

140

150

160

120 130 140 150 160

HMA Density, Nuclear Gauge, pcf

HM

A D

en

sti

y, N

on

-Nu

cle

ar

De

vis

e, p

cf

PQI - SMA PaveTracker - SMA PQI - HMA Base

PaveTracker - HMA Base Line of Equality

120.0

130.0

140.0

150.0

160.0

142.0 144.0 146.0 148.0 150.0 152.0 154.0

Density, Nuclear Gauge, pcf

De

ns

ity

, N

on

-Nu

cle

ar

Ga

ug

e,

pc

fPavement Quality Indicator PaveTracker Line of Equality

Observation:

PQI provides a better estimate of density.

Observation:

PaveTracker provides a better estimate of density.

Observation:

Calibration for specific mixes is critically important.




0

5

10

15

20

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

PSPA Seismic Modulus, ksi

GP

R A

ir V

oid

s,

pe

rce

nt

TH-23 Base SMA Overlay US-280 Base, Initial US-280 Base, Supp.

130

135

140

145

150

155

160

165

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

PSPA Seismic Modulus, ksi

PQ

I D

en

sit

y,

pc

f

TH-23 Base SMA Overlay US-280 Base, Initial US-280 Base, Supp.



PSPA is the Recommended NDT PSPA is the Recommended NDT Device; Why?Device; Why?� Provides measure of elastic or dynamic

modulus.

� Adequately identified anomalies.

� Adequately ranked the relative order of materials.

� Elastic modulus correlated to HMA density.


Can not be used to establish roller patter.

Asphalt content & density measured with other devices.


Summary & ConclusionsSummary & Conclusions

� Proceed with Part B of the Experimental Plan

� NDT Technologies Suggested for Use in Part B & Applicable to QA

� GeoGague for Unbound Materials

� PSPA for HMA Materials

� Investigate accuracy of GPR multi-antenna process

� Phase 2 work plan focused on improving

specific areas of NDT methods and developing

test protocols.



Summary of NDT Application to Summary of NDT Application to QA ProgramsQA Programs

GPR---Air Voids,

Saturation

Ignition Oven1 – Oven Dry

2 – EDG

Fluids Content

1 – Nuclear/Cores

2 – PQI/PaveTracker

1 – Nuclear/Sand Cone

2 – EDGDensity

GPRGPRThickness

PSPAGeoGaugeModulus

HMA MixturesUnbound MaterialsQA

Property



Acknowledgements:Acknowledgements:

� Minnesota DOT;

Skiekmier & Bolland

� Dunnick Brothers, Mn.

� Alabama DOT; Fuller

� Scott Bridge Company

� East Alabama Paving

� NCAT, Prowell

� Tx. Turnpike Authority,

Wade

� Avlis Engineering, Tam

� Humbolt, Fielder

� CarlBro/Fugro

� Dynatest

� Salut, Horan

� BOMAG, Connelly

� Catepillar

� Ammann, Fox


Thank you.Thank you.Any Questions?Any Questions?

nchrp 10 -65 updatesp.construction.transportation.org/documents/von... · density, non-nuclear...

Documents