ncert sanskrit textbook class 6 - ruchira

#fpjk

çFkeks Hkkx%"k"BoxkZ; laLÑrikB~;iqLrde~

#fpjk

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iii vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% iii

iqjksokd~iqjksokd~iqjksokd~iqjksokd~iqjksokd~2005 bZLoh;k;ka jkf"Vª;&ikBÔp;kZ&:ijs[kk;ke~ vuq'kaflra ;r~ Nk=kk.kka fo|ky;thoua

fo|ky;srjthousu lg ;kstuh;e~A fl¼kUrks¿;a iqLrdh;KkuL; rL;k% ijEijk;k% i`Fko~Q

orZrs] ;L;k% izHkkokr~ vLekoaQ f'k{kkO;oLFkk bnkuha ;kor~ fo|ky;L; ifjokjL; leqnk;L;

p eè;s vUrjkya iks"k;frA jkf"Vª;ikBÔp;kZoyfEcrkfu ikBÔØe&ikBÔiqLrdkfu vL;

ewyHkkoL; O;ogkjfnf'k iz;Ru ,oA iz;kls¿fLeu~ fo"k;k.kka eè;s fLFkrk;k% fHkRrs% fuokj.ka

KkukFk± jVuizo`Ùks'p f'kfFkyhdj.kefi lfEefyra orZrsA vk'kkLegss ;r~ iz;klks¿;a 1986

bZZLoh;k;ka jkf"Vª;&f'k{kk&uhrkS vuq'kaflrk;k% ckyosQfUnzr&f'k{kkO;oLFkk;k% fodklk; Hkfo";frA

iz;RuL;kL; lkiQY;a fo|ky;kuka izkpk;kZ.kke~ vè;kidkuk×p rs"kq iz;kls"kq fuHkZja ;=k rs

lokZufi Nk=kku~ LokuqHkwR;k KkuetZf;rqa] dYiuk'khyfØ;k% fo/krqa] iz'uku~ iz"Vaq p izksRlkg;fUrA

vLekfHk% vo';eso Lohdj.kh;a ;r~ LFkkua] le;%] LokrU=;a p ;fn nh;sr] rfgZ f'k'ko%

o;LoSQ% iznÙksu Kkusu la;qT; uwrua Kkua l`tfUrA ijh{kk;k% vkèkkj% fuèkkZfjr&ikBÔiqLrdeso

bfr fo'okl% KkuktZuL; fofo/lkèkukuka Ïksrlka p vuknjL; dkj.ks"kq eq[;ree~A f'k'kq"kq

ltZu'kDrs% dk;kZjEHkizo`Ùks'p vkèkkua rnSo lEHkosr~ ;nk o;a rku~ f'k'kwu~ f'k{k.kizfØ;k;k%

izfrHkkfxRosu LohoqQ;kZe] u rq fuèkkZfjrKkuL; xzkgdRosu ,oA

bekfu mís';kfu fo|ky;L; nSfuddk;ZØes dk;Zi¼rkS p ifjorZueis{kUrsA ;Fkk nSfud&

le;&lkj.;ka ifjorZu'khyRoe~ visf{kra rFkSo okf"kZddk;ZØek.kka fuoZg.ks rRijrk vko';dh

;su f'k{k.kkFk± fu;rs"kq dkys"kq oLrqr% f'k{k.ka Hkosr~A f'k{k.kL; ewY;kÄïuL; p foèk;%

Kkif;";fUr ;r~ ikBÔiqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka fo|ky;h;&thous vkuUnkuqHkwR;Fk± fd;r~ izHkkfo

orZrs] u rq uhjlrk;k% lk/ue~A ikBÔp;kZHkkjL; funkuk; ikBÔØefuekZrfHk% ckyeuksfoKkun"VÔk

vè;kiuk; miyC/&dkyn`"VÔk p fofHkUus"kq Lrjs"kq fo"k;KkuL; iqufuZèkkZj.ksu iz;Ruks fofgr%A

iqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka Ñrs fpUruL;] foLe;L;] y?kqlewgs"kq okrkZ;k%] dk;kZuqHkokfn&xfrfoèkhuka

p Ñrs izkpq;sZ.k volja nnkfrA ikBÔiqLrdL;kL; fodklk; fof'k"V;ksxnkuk;

jkf"Vª;'kSf{kdkuqlUèkkuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~ Hkk"kkijke'kZnkrlfers% vè;{kk.kka izks- ukeojflagegksn;kuka]

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iviv #fpjk & çFkeks Hkkx%

laLÑrikBÔiqLrdkuka eq[;ijke'kZdkuka izks- jkèkkoYyHkf=kikfBegkHkkxkuka] ikBÔiqLrdfuekZ.klfers%

lnL;kuk×p Ñrs gkfnZoQha ÑrKrka Kki;frA iqLrdL;kL; fodkls uSosQ fo'ks"kKk% vuqHkfou%

f'k{kdk'p ;ksxnkua ÑroUr%] rs"kka laLFkkizeq[kku~ laLFkk'p izfr èkU;oknks O;kfß;rsA

ekuolalkèkufodkleU=kky;L; ekè;fedksPpf'k{kkfoHkkxsu izks- e`.kkyfejh izks- th-ih-

ns'kik.Msegksn;kuke~ vkè;{ks la?kfVrk;k% jkf"Vª;&i;Zos{k.klfers% lnL;ku~ izfr rs"kka

cgqewY;;ksxnkuk; o;a fo'ks"ks.k ÑrKk%A

ikBÔiqLrdfodklØes mUurLrjk; fujUrja iz;Ru'khyk ifj"kfn;a iqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka Ñrs

mi;qDrrja drq± fo'ks"kKS% vuqHkfofHk% vè;kidS'p izsf"krkuka lRijke'kkZuka lnSo Lokxra

foèkkL;frA

uonsgyh funs'kd%

20 uoEcj 2006 jkf"Vª;'kSf{kdkuqla/kuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~

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v vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% v

IkkB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefrIkkB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefrIkkB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefrIkkB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefrIkkB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefrvè;{k] Hkk"kk lykgdkj lfefr

ukeoj flag] iwoZ vè;{k] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk osaQnz] tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyhA

eq[; ijke'kZd

jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] izks-isQlj ,oa vè;{k] laLÑr foHkkx] gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxjA

eq[; leUo;d

jketUe 'kekZ] izks-isQlj ,oa vè;{k] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA

lnL;

voZQukFk pkS/jh] izks-isQlj] jkf"Vª; laLÑr laLFkku] t;iqj oSaQil] t;iqjA

jkts'oj izlkn feJ] izokpd (laLÑr)] oqQ#{ks=k fo'ofo|ky;] gfj;k.kkA

oklqnso 'kkL=kh] laLÑr izHkkjh (lsokfuoÙk)] ,l-vkbZ-bZ-vkj-Vh] mn;iqjA

jkekLokeh vk;axj] funs'kd (vodk'k izkIr)] fpUe; baVjus'kuy iQkmaMs'ku] csaxyw#A

nq%'kklu vks>k] izkpk;Z] osaQnzh; fo|ky;] iqjh] vksM+h'kkA

lqxU/ ik.Ms;] Vh-th-Vh- (laLÑr)] oasQnzh; fo|ky;] dk'khiqj] m/e fla g uxj]

mÙkjk[kaMA

iq#"kksÙke feJ] Vh-th-Vh- (laLÑr)] jk-ck-ek-fc-] dknhiqj] fnYyhA

latw feJ] Vh-th-Vh- (laLÑr)] ,-ih-ts- LowQy] lSDVj 16&,] uks,MkA

lnL; ,oa leUo;d

j.kftr csgsjk] izoDrk (laLÑr)] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA

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vivi #fpjk & çFkeks Hkkx%

ikB~;iqLrd iqujh{k.k lfefrikB~;iqLrd iqujh{k.k lfefrikB~;iqLrd iqujh{k.k lfefrikB~;iqLrd iqujh{k.k lfefrikB~;iqLrd iqujh{k.k lfefrjk/koYyHk f=kikBh] oqQyifr] jkf"Vª; laLÑr laLFkku (ekfur fo'ofo|ky;)] tudiqjh]u;h fnYyhAjketUe 'kekZ] izks -isQlj ,oa vè;{k] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh] u;h fnYyhAmek'kadj 'kekZ Íf"k] iwoZ foHkkxkè;{k] laLÑr foHkkx] iVuk fo'ofo|ky;] iVukAÑ".k pUnz f=kikBh] izks -isQlj (laLÑr)] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhAlqjs'k pUnz 'kekZ] funs'kd] fnYyh laLÑr vdkneh] >aMsokyku] u;h fnYyhAiadt dqekj feJ] ofj"B izoDrk (laLÑr)] lsaV LVh-iasQl dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;]fnYyhAjk?kosUnz iziUu] izoDrk] ,e-oh- dkWyst vkW -iQ ,tqosQ'ku] xhrk dkyksuh] fnYyhAiwokZ Hkkj}kt] fujarj] u;h fnYyhAlqxU/ ik.Ms;] Vh-th-Vh- (laLo`Qr)] osQUnzh; fo|ky;] dk'khiqj] mQ/e ¯lg uxj]mÙkjk[k.Mj.kftr csgsjk (leUo;d)] izoDrk (laLÑr)] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA

vkHkkjjk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ mu lHkh fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa ,oa f'k{kdksafo'ks"kr% izks -isQlj jktsUnz feJ] iwoZ dqyifr] lEiw.kkZuUn laLÑr fo'ofo|ky;] okjk.klh_bPNkjke f}osnh] izokpd] Jh yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh jkf"Vª; laLÑr fo|kihB] u;h fnYyh ,oaukjk;.k nk'k] f'k{kd (laLÑr)] loZdkjh; mPp fo|ky;] xqEek] xtifr] vksM+h'kk osQ izzfrÑrKrk Kkfir djrh gS] ftUgksaus bl iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esa viuk lfØ; ;ksxnku fn;k gSA

ifj"kn~ MkW- g"kZnso ek/o osQ izfr gkfnZd vkHkkj O;Dr djrh gS] ftudh jpukvksa lsbl iqLrd esa ikB~;&lkexzh yh xbZ gSA

iqLrd dh fuekZ.k&;kstuk ls ysdj izdk'ku i;ZUr fofo/ dk;ks± esa ;Fkkle; lfØ;Hkwfedk fuHkkus osQ fy, laLÑr ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr osQ leUo;d o muosQ foHkkxh;lg;ksxh deykdkUr feJ] izks -isQlj ,oa Ñ".kpUnz f=kikBh] izokpd (laLÑr) lk/qokn osQik=k gSaA iqLrd fuekZ.k esa lg;ksx osQ fy, ijljke dkSf'kd] izHkkjh] oaQI;wVj LVss'ku] Hkk"kkfoHkkx_ vkyksd oqQekj 'kekZ] 'kks/ lgk;d rFkk Mh-Vh-ih- vkWijsVj ujsUnz oqQekj oekZ]jktho ,oa deys'k vk;kZ /U;okn osQ ik=k gaSA

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vii vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% vii

HkwfedkHkwfedkHkwfedkHkwfedkHkwfedkHkkjr ,d cgqjaxh jk"Vª gSA ,sls esa dksbZ Hkh ikB~;iqLrd ,djaxh vkSj likV ugha gks ldrhAf'k{kk'kkL=k dk foe'kZ Hkh ;g ekurk gS fd vè;;u&vè;kiu osQ Øe esa fo|kfFZk;ksa dhi`"BHkwfe ,oa ifjos'k dks vxj Bhd rjhosQ ls 'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrk rks og KkukRedLrj ij cksf>y gks tkrk gSA 1993 esa ;'kiky lfefr us viuh fjiksVZ (f'k{kk fcuk cks>osQ) esa bldh vksj è;ku fnyk;k gSA blosQ vuqlkj lh[kus&fl[kkus osQ Øe esa fo|kfFkZ;ksaosQ lUnHkZ dks 'kkfey fd;k tkuk osQfUnzr egÙo j[krk gSA jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk(2005) Hkh lq>krh gS fd cPps&cfPp;ksa osQ Ldwyh thou dks ckgj dh nqfu;k ls thoar:i ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg,A

laLÑr dh #fpjk Üka[kyk dh rhuksa iqLrosaQ mijksDr oSpkfjd vk/kj ij fodflr dhxbZ gSA bl Üka[kyk dh igyh iqLrd #fpjk izFkeks Hkkx% vkiosQ lkeus izLrqr gSA vius ukeosQ vuq:i bls #fpdj cukus dk ;FkklaHko iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA iqLrd&fuekZ.k dk eq[;mís'; ;g jgk gS fd laLÑr osQ ljy okD;ksa dks le>us] cksyus] i<+us vkSj fy[kus dhfo|kfFZk;ksa dh {kerk osQ fodkl esa ;g lgk;d gksA ;gk¡ laLÑr Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k ij cy gS] ufd Ñf=ke :i ls ;k vkuq"kafxd :i ls uSfrd ewY; nsus osQ ekè;e osQ :i esa laLÑr fl[kkusdk iz;klA ml izfØ;k esa oLrqr% laLÑr Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k xkS.k gks tkrk gSA

laLÑr Hkk"kk ftruh gh iqjkru gS] mruh gh og vius dks fpj uohu Hkh cukrh vkbZgSA fo'kky oSfnd okÄ~e; laaLÑr dkO; dh vewY; fuf/ gSA dkfynkl] HkoHkwfr] ek?k]Hkkl] ck.kHk^] HkrZgfj tSls egku~ jpukdkjksa dh Ñfr;k¡ laLÑr dh mnkÙkrk dk ifjp; nsrhgSaA buosQ vykok cgqr ,sls vKkr dfo gq, gSa ftUgksaus lkekU; tu dh NksVh&NksVhbPNkvksa] liuksa ,oa dfBukb;ksa dks Hkh Loj fn;k gSA laLÑr osQ vk/qfud ys[ku esa ;gyksd/kjk vkSj eq[kj gqbZ gSA ;gh ugha laLÑr orZeku thou vkSj gekjs lalkj dks le>usigpkuus osQ fy;s Hkh ,d vPNk ekè;e cuus dh {kerk j[krh gSA blfy, ^#fpjk* Üka[kyk esa rhuksa iqLrdksa esa vki Øe'k% lkfgR; esa pyh vk jgh fofo/ /kjkvksa dh Nfo;k¡ik,¡xsA blesa oqQN nwljh Hkk"kkvksa ls vuwfnr va'k Hkh fy, x, gSaA

#fpjk izFkeks Hkkx% esa oqQy 15 ikB gSaA buesa ik¡p i|ikB gSa vkSj 'ks"k x|ikBAi|ikBksa esa fofo/rk gSA o`{kk% vkSj ekrqypUnz% 'kh"kZd ls nks xhr gSa tks cPpksa dks ilan

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viiiviii #fpjk & çFkeks Hkkx%

vk,¡xsA Ñf"kdk% deZohjk% 'kh"kZd xhr esa Hkkjr osQ L=kh ,oa iq#"k fdlku nksuksa dh ckr dhxbZ gSA lkekU; rkSj ij L=kh dks fdlku osQ :i esa ugha ns[kk tkrk] tcfd okLrfodrk ;ggS fd [ksrh osQ vf/dka'k dkeksa esa fL=k;ksa dk Je yxrk gSA yksdeXye~ ,slk i|ikB gSftlesa osn] mifu"kn~ vkSj ykSfdd lkfgR; ls fy, x, 'yksd gSaA ;g ikB lc yksxksa dkslacksf/r djrk gS] u fd fdlh fo'ks"k] oxZ] tkfr] /eZ ;k fyX osQ yksxksa dksA lEiw.kZ ekuotxr~ gh ugha] bldh ifjf/ esa lEiw.kZ pjkpj czãk.M gSA lwfDrLrod ikB esa ijEijk lspyh vk jgh lwfDr;ksa dk ladyu bl izdkj fd;k x;k gS fd os fo|kfFZk;ksa esa thou dhc¡/h&c¡/kbZ n`f"V nsus dk ekè;e u cusaA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij igyh gh lwfDr crkrh gSfd ;fn cPph@cPpk Hkh mfpr ckr dgs rks mls cM+ksa dks xzg.k djuk pkfg,A Hkko ;gfd o;Ld osQfUnzr Kku ek=k dh izfr"Bk ikB~;iqLrd }kjk u gks] bldk è;ku j[kk x;k gSA

x|kRed ikBksa esa rhu dFkk,¡ gSa] nks fucU/ ikB gSa vkSj nks laoknkRed ikBAcdL; izrhdkj%] n'ke% Roe~ vfl vkSj vgg vk% p 'kh"kZd rhu dFkk,¡ gSaA cdL;izrhdkj% dFkk yksdizpfyr gSA lEHko gS fd fo|kfFZk;ksa us viuh ?kj&ckgj dh Hkk"kkvksa esabl dFkk osQ fofo/ laLdj.k lqus&i<+s gksaxsA n'ke% Roe~ vfl dFkk esa ,d ifFkd cPpksadks fxurh fxuus esa lg;ksx djrk gSA ;gk¡ ;g vk'k; dnkfi ugha gS fd cPps ew[kZ gSa vkSjmudh rFkkdfFkr leL;kvksa dk lek/ku o;Ld gh djrs gSaA lh[kus&fl[kkus dh izfØ;kls ysdj O;ogkj rd esa cPps&cfPp;ksa rFkk o;Ldksa dh Hkwfedk lg;ksxh dh gksrh gSAvgg vk% p ,d d'ehjh yksddFkk gSA yksdcqf¼ lÙkk vkSj mlosQ 'kks"k.krU=k dks pqukSrhnsrh gS] ;g bl ikB ls mHkjdj lkiQ vkrk gSA

fuca/kRed nks ikB gSa leqnzrV% vkSj iq"iksRlo%A leqnzrV osQoy i;ZVu LFky ughagSA ;g vkthfodk ls Hkh tqM+k gS] bldk laosQr bl ikB esa feyrk gSA iq"iksRlo% (iQwyokyksa dh lSj) ,d ,slk mRlo gS tks Hkkjr dh feyh&tqyh laLÑfr dk izrhd gSA gkyk¡fd;g esyk cM+s iSekus ij ugha euk;k tkrk] ijUrq ;g egÙoiw.kZ gSA ;g ikB lalÑr dkledkyhu thou ls Hkh tqM+ko Hkh iznf'Zkr djrk gSA laoknkRed ikBksa esa ØhMkLi/kZ iqLrdosQ izkjfEHkd Hkkx esa gh gSA blesa cPps LowQy esa gksusokys [ksy dh izfr;ksfxrkvksa dh ppkZdjrs gSaA ;s tks cPps gSa os lekt osQ fofHkUu leqnk;ksa osQ gSaA muesa iwju uke osQ ,d cPpsdh fo'ks"k vko';drk,¡ gSaA vHkh rd laLÑr esa fo'ks"k vko';drkokyksa osQ fy, fodykax'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk jgk gSA ijUrq bl 'kCn ls ghurk dk cks/ gksrk gSA bldh txglaLÑr esa vU;FkkleFkZ% in dk iz;ksx ;gk¡ fd;k x;k gSA vXqyh;de~ izkIre~ 'kh"kZd nwljk

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ix vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% ix

laoknkRed ikB egkdfo dkfynkl osQ izfl¼ ukVd vfHkKku'kkdqUrye~ dk va'k gSAfo|kfFZk;ksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, bldh Hkk"kk ljy djosQ ;gk¡ nh xbZ gSA dkj.k] ;g iqLrdHkk"kk&f'k{k.k dk izFke lksiku gh gSA mÙkjksÙkj d{kkvksa esa Hkk"kk dkS'ky lh[krs gq, fo|kFkhZvis{kkÑr tfVy vfHkO;fDr;ksas dks lgt :i ls xzg.k dj ik,¡xsA

bl iqLrd osQ izkjfEHkd rhu ikBksa esa ,sls 'kCnksa dks lesVus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gStks fo|kfFZk;ksa osQ nSuafnu thou lss tqM+s gSaA oqQN :f<+c¼ /kj.kkvksa ls vyx gVdj ubZHkwfedkvksa esa yksxksa dks fn[kk;k x;k gSA ;Fkk pkfydk 'kCnA blosQ lkFk fn;k x;k fp=k vFkZdk foLrkj djrs gq, VSDlh pykrh fL=k;ksa dks n'kkZrk gSA ;|fi lkekftd :f<+;ksa osQ dkj.kmudh la[;k de gSA blh rjg ?kj dh dksbZ ,d ifjdYiuk ugha gksrhA x`gfoghu yksxksaosQ fy, foJkex`g osQ :i esa jSucsljk gh ?kj gSA mls iqLrd esa txg nh xbZ gSA

dfBu 'kCnksa dk vFkZ&cks/ djkus gsrq Nk=kksa dh lqfo/k osQ fy, izR;sd ikB osQ vUresa fn;k x;k 'kCnkFkZ (laLÑr&fgUnh&vaxzsth) bl iqLrd dh fo'ks"krk gSA iqLrd osQ vUresa ifjf'k"V :i esa dkjd vkSj foHkfDr;ksa dk lkekU; ifjp; fn;k x;k gS ftlls Nk=kbuosQ vUrj dks le> losaQA ikB osQ vUr esa fn, x, vH;kl Hkh osQoy rF;kRed ughagSA fo|kFkhZ ikBksaa esa mBk, x, fopkjksa ij è;ku nsa vkSj vius vuqlkj mls le>us dk iz;kldjsa] ;gh vis{kk gSA blesa f'k{kd&f'kf{kdkvksa dh lfØ; lgHkkfxrk vko';d gSA

f'k{kd dh HkwfedkdksbZ Hkh ikB~;Øe rFkk iqLrd fdruh gh oSKkfud vkSj lq#fpiw.kZ D;ksa u gks] vè;kiu&dk;Zesa f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk vR;Ur egÙoiw.kZ gksrh gSA tgk¡ vè;kiu dh liQyrk osQ fy,rduhdh 'kSyh ls ;qDr ikB~;iqLrdksa dh vis{kk jgrh gS] ogha nwljh vksj ikB~;iqLrdksa esafufgr O;kdj.k&lEcU/h fcUnqvksa vkSj Hkkf"kd rÙoksa osQ izk;ksfxd vH;kl gsrq oqQ'kyvè;kiu 'kSyh Hkh visf{kr gSA vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd f'k{kdx.k izLrqr iqLrd osQ ekè;els Hkk"kk osQ visf{kr dkS'kyksa dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa rd igq¡pkus esa viuk vewY; lg;ksx iznkudjsaxsA dFkk&izlÄõksaa rFkk xhrksa dks ân;Äõe cukus osQ fy, ;Fkkolj n`';&JO; ;kfU=kdekè;eksa dk mi;ksx visf{kr gSA tks ikB laokn&ijd gSa mudk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls vfHku; Hkhdjk;k tk ldrk gSA

;|fi bl ladyu dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ vuq:i cukus dk iw.kZ iz;kl fd;k x;k gS]rFkkfi bldks vkSj vf/d fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ fy, mi;ksxh cukus osQ fy, vuqHkoh laLÑrvè;kidksa osQ cgqewY; lq>koksa dk ge lrr Lokxr djsaxsA

© NCERT

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© NCERT

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ikBkuqØef.kdkikBkuqØef.kdkikBkuqØef.kdkikBkuqØef.kdkikBkuqØef.kdk

iqjksoko~Q iii

Hkwfedk vii

izFke% ikB% vdkjkUr&iq¡fYyX% 1

f}rh;% ikB% vkdkjkUr&L=khfyX% 9

r`rh;% ikB% vdkjkUr&uiqaldfyX% 16

prqFkZ% ikB% ØhMkLi/kZ (loZukeç;ksx%) 23

i×pe% ikB% o{kk% 30

"k"B% ikB% leqnzrV% (r`rh;k&prqFkhZfoHkfDr%) 35

lIre% ikB% cdL; çrhdkj% (vO;;ç;ksx%) 41

v"Ve% ikB% lwfDrLrcd% 46

uoe% ikB% vXqyh;oaQ çkIre~ (i×peh&"k"BhfoHkfDr%) 51

n'ke% ikB% Ñf"kdk% deZohjk% 58

,dkn'k% ikB% iq"iksRlo% (lIreh&foHkfDr%) 63

}kn'k% ikB% n'ke% Roe~ vfl (la[;kokfpinkfu) 68

=k;ksn'k% ikB% yksdeXye~ 74

prqnZ'k% ikB% vgg vk% p 78

i×pn'k% ikB% ekrqypUnz!! (ckyxhre~) 83

ifjf'k"Ve~ dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%] 'kCn:ikf.k /krq:ikf.k p 88

© NCERT

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Blank

© NCERT

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vdkjkUr&iq¡fYyX% 1

,"k% d%\,"k% p"kd%Afde~ ,"k% c`gr~\u] ,"k% y?kq%A

l% d%\l% lkSfpd%AlkSfpd% ¯d djksfr\¯d l% [ksyfr\u] l% oL=ka lhO;frA

,rkS dkS\,rkS 'kqudkS Lr%Afde~ ,rkS xtZr%\u] ,rkS mPpS% cqDdr%A

rkS dkS\rkS cyhonkSZ Lr%A¯d rkS /kor%\u] rkS {ks=ka d"kZr%A

çFke% ikB%

vdkjkUr&iq¡fYyvdkjkUr&iq¡fYyvdkjkUr&iq¡fYyvdkjkUr&iq¡fYyvdkjkUr&iq¡fYy³~³~³~³~³~xxxxx%%%%%

© NCERT

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be re

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2 #fpjk & çFkeks Hkkx%

,rs osQ\,rs L;wrk% lfUrAfde~ ,rs gfjro.kkZ%\ufg] ,rs uhyo.kkZ% lfUrA

rs osQ\rs o`¼k% lfUrA¯d rs xk;fUr\ufg rs glfUrA

'kCnkFkkZ%

p"kd% μ fxykl glass

c`gn~ μ cM+k largelkSfpd% μ nthZ tailor[ksyfr μ [ksyrk gS playlhO;fr μ flykbZ djrk gS sews'kqudkS μ nks oqQÙks two dogsxtZr% μ xjtrs gaS roarmPpS% μ tksj ls loudly

© NCERT

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vdkjkUr&iq¡fYyX% 3

vH;kl%

,rkS μ ;s nksuksa these two

cqDdr% μ HkkSadrs gSa bark

cyhonkSZ μ nks cSy two oxen

/kor% μ nkSM+rs gSa run

d"kZr% μ tksrrs gSa] tksr jgs gSa plough

o`¼k% μ cw<+s old men

xk;fUr μ xkrs gSa] xk;u djrs gSa sing

glfUr μ g¡lrs gSa laugh

L;wrk% μ FkSys bags

gfjro.kkZ% μ gjs jax osQ of green colour

uhyo.kkZ% μ uhys jax osQ of blue clour

1- (d) mPpkj.ka oqQ#rA

Nk=k% xt% ?kV%

f'k{kd% edj% nhid%

e;wj% fcMky% v'o%

'kqd% ew"kd% pUnz%

ckyd% pkyd% xk;d%

© NCERT

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2- (d) o.kZla;kstusu ina fy[kr&

;Fkk& p~ $ v $ "k~ $ v $ o~Q $ v% ¾

l~ $ vkS $ p~ $ b $ o~Q $ v% ¾

'k~ $ m $ u~ $ v $ o~Q $ vkS ¾

/~ $ vk $ o~ $ v $ r~ $ v% ¾

p"kd%

([k) fp=kkf.k n"V~ok inkfu mPpkj;rA

Ñ"kd% o`"kHk% HkYywd%

e.Mwd% diksr% i;ZÄï%

nwjHkk"k% dkd% lkSfpd%© NCERT

not to

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vdkjkUr&iq¡fYyX% 5

o~ $ ½ $ n~ $ /~ $ vk% ¾

x~ $ vk $ ;~ $ v $ u~ $ r~ $ b ¾

([k) inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&;Fkk& y?kq% ¾ y~ $ v $ ?k~ $ m%

y ?kq%lhO;fr ¾ --------------------------------------------------------

o.kkZ% ¾ --------------------------------------------------------

oqQDOkqQjkS ¾ --------------------------------------------------------

e;wjk% ¾ --------------------------------------------------------

ckyd% ¾ --------------------------------------------------------

3- mnkgj.ka n"V~ok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& p"kd% p"kdkS p"kdk%---------------- cyhonkSZ ----------------

'kqud% ---------------- ----------------

---------------- ---------------- exk%---------------- lkSfpdkS ----------------

e;wj% ---------------- ----------------

4- fp=kkf.k n"V~ok laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&

--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------

© NCERT

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--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------

5- fp=ka n"V~ok mÙkja fy[kr&

;Fkk& ckyd% ¯d djkssfr\ckyd% iBfrA

v'okS ¯d oqQ#r%\-----------------------------------

oqQDoqQjk% ¯d oqQoZfUr\-----------------------------------

© NCERT

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vdkjkUr&iq¡fYyX% 7

Nk=kkS ¯d oqQ#r%\-----------------------------------

Ñ"kd% d djksfr\-----------------------------------

xtkS ¯d oqQ#r%\-----------------------------------

6- inkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

xtk% u`R;fUr

¯lgkS xk;fr

xk;d% iBr%

ckydkS pyfUr

e;wjk% xtZr%

© NCERT

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7- e×tw"kkr% ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

uR;fUr xtZr% /kofr pyr% iQyfUr [kknfr

(d) e;wjk% --------------A (?k) ¯lgkS --------------A

([k) xtkS --------------A (Ä) okuj% --------------A

(x) o{kk% --------------A (p) v'o% --------------A

8- l%] rkS] rs bR;srsH;% mfpra loZukeina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&;Fkk& v'o% /kofr & l% /kofrA

(d) xtk% pyfUrA & -------------- pyfUrA

([k) Nk=kkS iBr%A & -------------- iBr%A

(x) okujk% ØhMfUrA & -------------- ØhMfUrA

(?k) xk;d% xk;frA & -------------- xk;frA

(Ä) e;wjk% uR;fUrA & -------------- uR;fUrA

è;krO;e~(d) laLÑrs =khf.k fyÄõkfu HkofUr& iq¡fYyÄaõ] L=khfyÄa õ] uiqaldfyÄõ×pA

([k) laLÑrs =k;% iq#"kk% HkofUr& izFkeiq#"k%] eè;eiq#"k%] mÙkeiq#"k'pA

(x) laLÑrs =khf.k opukfu HkofUr& ,dopua] f}opua] cgqopu×pA

© NCERT

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vkdkjkUr&L=khfyX% 9

,"kk dk\,"kk nksykAnksyk oqQ=k vfLr\nksyk mious vfLrA

lk dk\lk ?kfVdkA?kfVdk ¯d lwp;fr\?kfVdk le;a lwp;frA

,rs osQ\fde~ ,rs dksfdys\u] ,rs pVosQApVosQ ¯d oqQ#r%\,rs fogjr%A

f}rh;% ikB%

vkdkjkUr&L=hfyvkdkjkUr&L=hfyvkdkjkUr&L=hfyvkdkjkUr&L=hfyvkdkjkUr&L=hfy³~³~³~³~³~xxxxx%%%%%

© NCERT

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be re

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rs osQ\rs pkfyosQ Lr%Ars ¯d oqQ#r%\rs okgua pky;r%A

,rk% dk%\,rk% LFkkfydk%Afde~ ,rk% xksykdkjk%\vke~] ,rk% xksykdkjk% ,oA

rk% dk%\rk% vtk%Ark% ¯d oqQoZfURk\rk% pjfUrA

'kCnkFkkZ%

,"kk & ;g (L=kh-) thisnksyk & >wyk swingoqQ=k & dgk¡ wheremious & cxhps esa in the garden?kfVdk & ?kM+h clock

© NCERT

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vkdkjkUr&L=khfyX% 11

lwp;fr & lwfpr djrh gS indicatesdksfdys & nks dks;y two cuckoos,rs & ;s (f}opu] L=kh-) thesepVosQ & nks xkSjS;k two sparrowsoqQ#r% & djrh gSa dofogjr% & iqQnd jgh gSa hoppingpkfyosQ & nks efgyk MªkbZoj female driverpky;r% & pykrh gSa drive,rk% & ;s (cgqopu] L=kh-) theseLFkkfydk% & Fkkfy;k¡ platesvke~ & gk¡ yes,o & gh onlyvtk% & cdfj;k¡ goatspjfUr & pjrh gSa graze


Nk=kk yrk iz;ksx'kkyk ysf[kdk

f'kf{kdk isfVdk ekyk lsfodk

ukSdk Nqfjdk dfydk xkf;dk

vH;kl%© N

CERT

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shed



lwfpdk fiihfydk oqQf×pdk

f}pfØdk mRihfBdk ef{kdk

vfXuisfVdk ekfidk oh.kk

2- (d) o.kZla;kstua ÑRok ina dks"BosQ fy[kr&

;Fkk& o~Q $ m $ j~ $ m $ r~ $ v% ¾

m $ n~ $ ;~ $ vk $ u~ $ , ¾

l~ $ Fk~ $ vk $ y~ $ b $ o~Q $ vk ¾

?k~ $ v $ V~ $ b $ o~Q $ vk ¾

l~ $ r~ $ j~ $ bZ $ y~ $ b $ Ä~ $ x~ $ v% ¾

e~ $ vk $ i~ $ b $ o~Q $ vk ¾

oqQ#r%© NCERT

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([k) inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

;Fkk& dksfdys¾ o~Q $ vks $ oQ~ $ b $ y~ $ ,

dks fd ys

pVosQ ¾ --------------------------------------------------------

/kfodk% ¾ --------------------------------------------------------

oqQf×pdk ¾ --------------------------------------------------------

[kV~ok ¾ --------------------------------------------------------

Nqfjdk ¾ --------------------------------------------------------

3- fp=ka n"V~ok laLÑrina fy[kr&

--------------- --------------- ---------------

--------------- --------------- ---------------

4- opukuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

;Fkk& yrk yrs yrk%

xhrk ------------------- -------------------

------------------- isfVosQ -------------------

© NCERT

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------------------- ------------------- [kV~ok%

lk ------------------- -------------------

------------------- jksfVosQ -------------------

5- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok okD;a iwj;r&

;Fkk& ckfydk iBfrA (ckfydk@ckfydk%)

(d) ----------------- pjr%A (vtk%@vts)

([k) ----------------- lfUrA (f}pfØosQ@f}pfØdk%)

(x) ----------------- pyfrA (ukSosQ@ukSdk)

(?k) ----------------- vfLrA (lwfposQ@lwfpdk)

(Ä) ----------------- mRirfUrA (ef{kdk%@ef{kosQ)

6- lk] rs] rk% bR;ssrsH;% mfpra loZukeina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& yrk vfLrA & lk vfLrA

(d) efgyk% /kofUrA & ------------- /kofUrA

([k) lq/k onfrA & ------------- onfrA

(x) tofuosQ nksyr%A & ------------- nksyr%A

(?k) fiihfydk% pyfUrA & ------------- pyfUrA

(Ä) pVosQ owQtr%A & ------------- owQtr%A

© NCERT

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7- e×tw"kkr% drZ`ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

ysf[kdk ckyd% ¯lgk% f=kpfØdk iq"iekyk%

(d) --------------- lfUrA

([k) --------------- i';frA

(x) --------------- fy[kfrA

(?k) --------------- xtZfUrA

(Ä) --------------- pyfrA

8- e×tw"kkr% drZ`inkuqlkja fØ;kina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

xk;r% u`R;fr fy[kfUr i';fUr fogjr%

(d) lkSE;k --------------------A

([k) pVosQ -----------------A

(x) ckfyosQ --------------A

(?k) Nk=kk% -----------------A

(Ä) tuk% ------------------A

© NCERT

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,rr~ fde~\,rr~ [kfu=ke~ vfLr\Jfedk [kfu=ka pky;frA

rr~ fde~\rr~ foJkexge~ vfLrAfde~ v=k fHkfÙkde~ vfLr\v=k fHkfÙkoaQ u vfLrA

,rs osQ\,rs vÄõyh;osQ Lr%Alqo.kZdkj% vÄõõyh;osQ jp;frA

rs osQ\rs cl;kus Lr%Ars cl;kus oqQ=k xPNr%\rs jsyLFkkuoaQ xPNr%A

qq

rrh;% ikB%

vdkjkUr&uiqaldfyvdkjkUr&uiqaldfyvdkjkUr&uiqaldfyvdkjkUr&uiqaldfyvdkjkUr&uiqaldfy³~³~³~³~³~xxxxx%%%%%

© NCERT

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vdkjkUr&uiqaldfyX% 17

,rkfu dkfu\,rkfu djoL=kkf.k lfUrAfde~ ,rkfu iqjk.kkfu\u] ,rkfu rq uwrukfuA

rkfu dkfu\rkfu dnyhiQykfu lfUrA¯d rkfu e/qjkf.k\vke~] rkfu e/qjkf.k iks"kdkf.k pA

'kCnkFkkZ%

,rr~ (uiqa-) & ;g itfoJkexge~ & foJkeky; rest housev=k & ;gk¡ herefHkfÙkde~ & ?ksjk] nhokj fence, wall[kfu=ke~ & oqQnky] [kUrh digging axeJfedk & etnwjuh female labourpky;fr & pykrh gS moves/uses,rs & ;s nksukas these twocl;kus & nks clsa two buses

© NCERT

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vH;kl%

oqQ=k & dgk¡ where

xPNr% & tk jgs gSa@tk jgh gSa are going

jsyLFkkude~ & LVs'ku railway station

vXyh;osQ & nks v¡xwfB;k¡ two rings

Lr% & gSa are

lqo.kZdkj% & lqukj@lksukj goldsmith

,rkfu & ;s (uiqa-] cgq-) these

dnyhiQykfu & osQys osQ iQy bananas

e/qjkf.k & ehBs@vPNs sweet

iks"kdkf.k & iks"kd naurishment

djoL=kkf.k & #eky handkerchiefs

iqjk.kkfu & iqjkus old

uwrukfu & u;s new


iQye~ xge~ ik=ke~ iq"ie~

}kje~ foekue~ deye~ iqLrde~

lw=ke~ N=ke~ Hkoue~ tye~

q

© NCERT

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i.kZe~ ØhMude~ ukfjosQye~

lÄõ.kde~ okrk;ue~ lksikue~

m|kue ~ mius=ke~ dÄïre~

2- (d) o.kZla;kstua ÑRok ina dks"BosQ fy[kr&

;Fkk& i~ $ v $ j~ $ .k~ $ v $ e~ ¾

[k~ $ v $ u~ $ b $ r~ $ j~ $ v $ e~ ¾

i~ $ m $ j~ $ vk $ .k~ $ vk $ u~ $ b ¾

i.kZe~

© NCERT

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i~~ $ vks $ "k~ $ v $ o~Q $ vk $ .k~ $ b ¾

o~Q $ v $ Ä~ $ o~Q $ v $ r~ $ v $ e~ ¾

([k) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka o.kZfoPNsna oqQ#r&

;Fkk& O;tue~ ¾ o~ $ ;~ $ v $ t~ $ v $ u~ $ v $ e~

iqLrde~ ¾ -----------------------------------------------------------------------

fHkfÙkde~ ¾ -----------------------------------------------------------------------

uwrukfu ¾ -----------------------------------------------------------------------

okrk;ue~ ¾ -----------------------------------------------------------------------

mius=ke~ ¾ -----------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fp=kkf.k n"V~ok laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&

-------------------- -------------------- --------------------

-------------------- -------------------- --------------------

© NCERT

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4- fp=ka n"V~ok mÙkja fy[kr&

;Fkk& ¯d irfr\-----------------------------

e;wjkS ¯d oqQ#r%A-----------------------------

,rs osQ Lr%\-----------------------------

ckfydk% ¯d oqQoZfUr\-----------------------------

dkfu fodlfUr\-----------------------------

© NCERT

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5- funsZ'kkuqlkja okD;kfu jp;r&

;Fkk& ,rr~ irfrA (cgqopus) & ,rkfu irfUrA

(d) ,rs i.ksZ Lr%A (cgqopus) & ------------------------------

([k) e;wj% uR;frA (cgqopus) & ------------------------------

(x) ,rkfu ;kukfuA (f}opuss) & ------------------------------

(?k) Nk=ks fy[kr%A (cgqopus) & ------------------------------

(Ä) ukfjosQya irfrA (f}opus) & ------------------------------

6- mfprinkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

dksfdys fodlfr

iou% u`R;fUr

iq"ie~ mRirfr

[kx% ogfr

e;wjk% xtZfUr

¯lgk% owQtr%

© NCERT

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ØhMkLi/kZ 23

loZukeiz;ksx%

gqek & ;w;a oqQ=k xPNFk\

bUnj% & o;a fo|ky;a xPNke%A

isQdu% & r=k ØhMkLi/kZ% lfUrA o;a [ksfy";ke%A

jkepj.k%& ¯d Li/kZ% osQoya ckyosQH;% ,o lfUr\

izlUuk & ufg] ckfydk% vfi [ksfy";fUrA

jkepj.k%& ¯d ;w;a losZ ,dfLeu~ nys LFk\ vFkok iFko~Q&iFko~Q nys\

izlUuk & r=k ckfydk% ckydk% p fefyRok [ksfy";fUrA

isQdu% & vke~] cSM¯eVu&ØhMk;ka ee lgHkkfxuh twyh vfLrA

prqFkZ% ikB%

ØhMkLi/kkZØhMkLi/kkZØhMkLi/kkZØhMkLi/kkZØhMkLi/kkZ

© NCERT

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be re

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izlUuk & ,rn~ vfrfjDra dcah] fu;q¼a] fØosQVa] ikndUnqoaQ] gLrdUnqoaQ]prqjÄõ% bR;kn;% Li/kZ% HkfOk";fUrA

bUnj% & gqes! ¯d Roa u ØhMfl\ ro Hkfxuh rq ee i{ks ØhMfrAgqek & ufg] eáa pyfp=ka jksprsA ije~ v=k vga n'kZd:is.k LFkkL;kfeAisQdu% & vgks! iwju% oqQ=k vfLr\ d l% dL;kefi Li/kZ;ka izfrHkkxh

ukfLr\jkepj.k%& l% nz"Vqa u 'kDuksfrA rLeS vLekoaQ fo|ky;s iBuk; rq

fo'ks"kO;oLFkk orZrsA ija ØhMk;S izcU/% ukfLrAgqek & v;a dFkefi u U;k;lÄõr%A iwju% l{ke%] ija izcU/L;

vHkkokr~ ØhfMrqa u 'kDuksfrAbUnj% & vLekoaQ rkn'kkfu vusdkfu fe=kkf.k lfUrA oLrqr% rkfu

vU;FkkleFkkZfuAisQdu% & vr% o;a losZ izkpk;± feyke%A ra dFk;ke%A 'kh?kzeso rs"kka Ñrs

O;oLFkk Hkfo";frA

© NCERT

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ØhMkLi/kZ 25

Li/kZ% & izfr;ksfxrk,¡ competitions

;w;e~ & rqe lc you allo;e~ & ge lc we all

[ksfy";ke% & [ksysaxs shall playfefyRok & feydj together

fu;q¼e~ & twMks judoikndUnqde~ & iqQVcky football

gLrdUnqde~ & okWyhcky volleyballprqjÄõ% & psl chess

pyfp=ke~ & flusek cinemaLFkkL;kfe & jgw¡xh@jgw¡xk shall stay

nz"Vqe~ & ns[kus osQ fy, to seeU;k;lÄõr% & mfpr lawful, proper

rkn`'kkfu & oSls similarvU;FkkleFkkZfu & fHkUu rjhosQ ls ;ksX; differently able

vU;FkkleFkZ%&;g 'kCn oLrqr% vaxzsth osQ differently able dk cks/d gSA

tks izk;'k% fodykax osQ fy;s iz;ksx esa yk;k tk jgk gSA

vH;kl%

'kCnkFkkZ%

© NCERT

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1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&

vge~ vkoke~ o;e~

eke~ vkoke~ vLeku~

ee vko;ks% vLekde~

Roe~ ;qoke~ ;w;e~

Roke~ ;qoke~ ;q"eku~

ro ;qo;ks% ;q"ekde~

2- funsZ'kkuqlkja ifjorZua oqQ#r&

;Fkk& vga ØhMkfeA & (cgqopus) & o;a ØhMke%A

(d) vga uR;kfeA & (cgqopus) & --------------------------------

([k) Roa iBflA & (cgqopus) & --------------------------------

(x) ;qoka xPNFk%A & (,dopus) & --------------------------------

(?k) vLekda iqLrdkfuA & (,dopus) & --------------------------------

(Ä) ro xge~A & (f}opus) & --------------------------------

vH;kl%

© NCERT

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ØhMkLi/kZ 27

3- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) -------------------- iBkfeA (o;e~@vge~)

([k) -------------------- xPNFk%A (;qoke~@;w;e~)

(x) ,rr~ -------------------- iqLrde~A (eke~@ee)

(?k) -------------------- ØhMudkfuA (;q"eku~@;q"ekde~)

(Ä) -------------------- Nk=ks Lo%A (o;e~@vkoke~)

4- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/R; lkFkZdkfu okD;kfu jp;r&

;w;e~ ys[ka i';kfe

o;e~ f'kf{kdka jp;ke%

;qoke~ nwjn'kZua dFkf;";Fk%

vge~ dFkka ifB";ko%

Roe~ iqLroaQ ysf[k";fl

vkoke~ fp=kkf.k uaL;Fk

5- mfprinS% okD;fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

ee ro vko;ks% ;qo;ks% vLekde~ ;q"ekde~

;Fkk& ,"kk ee iqfLrdkA

(d) ,rr~ ------------------------ xge~A

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([k) ------------------------ eS=kh n<kA

(x) ,"k% ------------------------ fo|ky;%A

(?k) ,"kk ------------------------ vè;kfidkA

(Ä) Hkkjre~ ------------------------ ns'k%A

(p) ,rkfu ------------------------ iqLrdkfuA

6- okD;kfu jp;r&


(d) Roa ys[ka ysf[k";flA ---------------------------------------A --------------------------A

([k) ------------------------------A vkoke~ oL=ks /kjf;";ko%A --------------------------A

(x) vga iqLroaQ ifB";kfeA ----------------------------------------A --------------------------A

(?k) -------------------------------A rs iQys [kkfn";Fk%A --------------------------A

(Ä) ee xga lqUnje~A ----------------------------------------A -------------------------A

(p) -------------------------------A ----------------------------------------A ;w;a xfe";FkA

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ØhMkLi/kZ 29

7- ,dopuinL; cgqopuina] cgqopuinL; ,dopuina p fy[kr&

;Fkk& ,"k% ,rs

l% --------------

rk% --------------

Roe~ --------------

,rk% --------------

ro --------------

vLekde~ --------------

rkfu --------------

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ous ous fuolUrks o{kk%A

oua oua jp;fUr o{kk% AA1AA

'kk[kknksyklhuk fogxk%A

rS% fdefi owQtfUr o{kk% AA2AA

ficfUr ioua tya lUrre~A

lk/qtuk bo losZ o`{kk% AA3AA

Li'kfUr iknS% ikrkya pA

uHk% f'kjLlq ogfUr o{kk% AA4AA

i;ksniZ.ks LoizfrfcEce~

dkSrqosQu i';fUr o{kk% AA5AA

izlk;Z LoPNk;klaLrj.ke~A

oqQoZfUr lRdkja o{kk%A AA6AA

MkW- g"kZnsoek/o%

i×pe% ikB%

o{kk%o{kk%o{kk%o{kk%o{kk%

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o`{kk% 31

ous ous & izR;sd ou esa in each forestfuolUr% & jgrs gq,@jgus okys livingjp;fUr & jprs gSa] cukrs gSa make'kk[kk & Mkfy;k¡] Vgfu;k¡ branchesnksyk & >wyk swingvklhuk% & cSBs gq, sittingfogxk% & i{khx.k birdsfdefi & oqQN Hkh anything/somethingowQtfUr & owQdrs gSa@owQdrh gSa chirplUrre~ & fujUrj@yxkrkj alwayslk/qtuk% & riLoh yksx@lTtu sagesbo & dh rjg likeficfUr & ihrs gSa drinkLi`'kfUr & Li'kZ djrs gSa touchuHk% & vkdk'k dks the skyf'kjLlq & flj ij on headogfUr & <ksrs gSa carryi;ksniZ.ks & ty:ih niZ.k@vkbZus esa in mirror-like waterLoizfrfcEce~ & vius izfrfcEc dks one’s own imagei';fUr & ns[krs gSa see, look at

'kCnkFkkZ%

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dkSrqosQu & vk'p;Z ls with wonderizlk;Z & iSQykdj expandingLoPNk;klaLrj.ke~ & viuh Nk;k :ih own shadow’s-bed(Lo$PNk;k$laLrj.ke~) fcLrjs dks

lRdkje~ & vknj respect



;Fkk& oue~ ous oukfu------------- tys -------------

fcEce~ ------------- -------------

;Fkk& o{ke~ o{kkS o{kku~------------- ------------- iouku~------------- tukS -------------

2- dks"BosQ"kq iznÙk'kCns"kq mi;qDrfoHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& vga jksfVdka [kknkfeA (jksfVdk)

(d) Roa ---------------------- ficflA (ty)

([k) Nk=k% ---------------------- i';frA (nwjn'kZu)

vH;kl%

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o`{kk% 33

(x) o{kk% ----------------------ficfUrA (iou)

(?k) rk% ---------------------- fy[kfURkA (dFkk)

(Ä) vkoke~ ---------------------- xPNko%A (tUrq'kkyk)

3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq drZinkfu fpuqr&

(d) o{kk% uHk% f'kjLlq ogfUrA

([k) fogxk% o{ks"kq owQtfUrA

(x) i;ksniZ.ks o{kk% LoizfrfcEca i';fUrA

(?k) Ñ"kd% vUukfu mRikn;frA

(Ä) ljksojs eRL;k% lfUrA

4- iz'ukukeqÙkjkkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&

(d) o{kk% oSQ% ikrkya Li'kfUr\

([k) o{kk% ¯d jp;fUr\

(x) fogxk% oqQ=k vklhuk%A

(?k) dkSrqosQu o{kk% ¯d i';fUr\

5- leqfprS% inS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek xt% xtkS xtk%

v'o% ----------------- -----------------

© NCERT

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f}rh;k lw;Ze~ lw;kSZ lw;kZu~

----------------- ----------------- pUnzku~

r`rh;k foMkysu foMkykH;ke~ foMkyS%

----------------- e.MwdkH;ke~ -----------------

prqFkhZ likZ; ----------------- lisZH;%

----------------- okujkH;ke~ -----------------

i×peh eksndkr~ ----------------- -----------------

----------------- ----------------- o{ksH;%

"k"Bh tuL; tu;ks% tukuke~

----------------- ----------------- 'kqdkuke~

lIreh f'k{kosQ ----------------- f'k{kosQ"kq

----------------- e;wj;ks% -----------------

lEcks/ue~ gs ckyd! gs ckydkS! gs ckydk%!

urZd! ----------------- -----------------

6- fHkUuizÑfroaQ ina fpuqr&

(d) xÄõk] yrk] ;equk] ueZnkA

([k) m|kue~] oqQlqee~] iQye~] fp=ke~A

(x) ys[kuh] rwfydk] pVdk] ikB'kkykA

(?k) vkeze~] dnyhiQye~] eksnde~] ukjÄõe~A

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leqnzrV% 35

r`rh;k&prqFkhZ&foHkfDr%

,"k% leqnzrV%A v=k tuk% i;ZVuk; vkxPNfUrA osQPku rjÄõS% ØhMfUrA osQPkup ukSdkfHk% tyfogkja oqQoZfUrA rs"kq osQpu dUnqosQu ØhMfUrA ckfydk%ckydk% p ckyqdkfHk% ckyqdkxga jp;fUrA eè;s eè;s rjÄõk% ckyqdkxgaizokg;fUrA ,"kk ØhMk izpyfr ,oA leqnzrVk% u osQoya i;ZVuLFkkukfuA v=keRL;thfou% vfi Lothfodka pky;fUrA

vLekoaQ ns'ks cgo% leqnzrVk% lfUrA ,rs"kq eqEcbZ&xksok&dksfPp&dU;koqQekjh&fo'kk[kkiÙkue~&iqjhrVk% vrho izfl¼k% lfUrA xksokrV%fonsf'ki;ZVosQH;% lefèkoaQ jksprsA fo'kk[kkiÙkue~&rV% oSnsf'kdO;kikjk;izfl¼%A dksfPprV% ukfjosQyiQysH;% Kk;rsA eqEcbZuxjL; tqgwrVs losZ tuk%

LoSja fogjfUrA psUubZuxjL; esjhukrV% ns'kL; lkxjrVs"kq nh?kZre%A

"k"B% ikB%

leqnzrVleqnzrVleqnzrVleqnzrVleqnzrV%%%%%

© NCERT

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HkkjrL; frl"kq fn'kklq leqnzrVk% lfUrA vLekn~ ,o dkj.kkr~ Hkkjrns'k%

izk;}hi% bfr dF;rsA iwoZfn'kk;ka cXksilkxj% nf{k.kfn'kk;ka fgUnegklkxj%

if'pefn'kk;ka p vjclkxj% vfLrA ,rs"kka =k;k.kke~ vfi lkxjk.kka lXe%

dU;koqQekjhrVs HkofrA v=k iwf.kZek;ka pUnzksn;% lw;kZLra p ;qxinso nz"Vqa

'kD;rsA

leqnzrV% & leqnz dk fdukjk sea beachi;ZVuk; & ?kweus osQ fy;s for excursionrjÄõS% & ygjksa ls@ osQ lkFk with wavesukSdkfHk% & ukSdkvksa osQ }kjk by the boatstyfogkje~ & tyØhMk water gameckyqdkfHk% & ckyqvksa ls with sandsckyqdkxge~ & ckyw dk ?kj] ?kjkSank sand-houseleteè;s&eè;s & chp&chp esa at some intervalizokg;fUr & /ks nsrs gaS] cgk nssrs gSa wash outizpyfr ,o & pyrh gh jgrh gS keeps going oni;ZVuLFkkukfu & ?kweus dh txg touristspoteRL;thfou% & eNqvkjs fishermenLothfodke~ & viuh thfodk dks means of one's livelihoodpky;fUr & pykrs gSa causing to movevrho & cgqr vf/d excessive

'kCnkFkkZ%

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leqnzrV% 37

vH;kl%

LoSje~ & cs&jksd Vksd@;FksPN as one pleasesfogjfUr & ?kwers gSa@ Vgyrs gSa roamnh?kZre% & lcls yEck longestizk;}hi% & rhu rjiQ ty ls peninsula

f?kjk Hkw Hkkx

lXe% & feyu confluence;qxinso(;qxir~$,o) & ,d gh lkFk at the same timenz"Vqa 'kD;rs & ns[kk tk ldrk gS may be seen

1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&

rjÄõS% eRL;thfou% fonsf'ki;ZVosQH;%

lÄõe% frl"kq oSnsf'kdO;kikjk;

izk;}hi% cÄõksilkxj% pUnzksn;%

2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkja fy[kr&

(d) tuk% dkfHk% tyfogkja oqQoZfUr\

([k) HkkjrL; nh?kZre% leqnzrV% d%\

(x) tuk% oqQ=k LoSja fogjfUr\

(?k) ckydk% ckyqdkfHk% ¯d jp;fUr\

(Ä) dksfPprV% osQH;% Kk;rs\

© NCERT

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3- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

cÄõksilkxj% izk;}hi% i;ZVuk; ØhMk lÄõe%

(d) dU;koqQekjhrVs =k;k.kka lkxjk.kka -------------------- HkofrA

([k) Hkkjrns'k% -------------------- bfr dF;rsA

(x) tuk% leqnzrVa -------------------- vkxPNfUrA

(?k) ckysH;% -------------------- jksprsA

(Ä) HkkjrL; iwoZfn'kk;ka -------------------- vfLrA

4- ;Fkk;ksX;a ;kst;r&

leqnzrV% Kkuk;

ØhMude~ iks"k.kk;

nqX/e~ izdk'kk;

nhid% i;ZVuk;

fo|k [ksyuk;

5- rrh;kfoHkfDriz;ksxs.k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& O;kse% fe=ks.k lg xPNfrA (fe=k)

(d) ckydk% ------------------ lg iBfUrA (ckfydk)

([k) rMkx% ------------------ foHkkfrA (dey)

(x) vgefi ------------------ [ksykfeA (dUnqd)

(?k) v'ok% ------------------ lg /kofUrA (v'o)

(Ä) exk% ------------------ lg pjfUrA (ex)

© NCERT

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leqnzrV% 39

6- v/ksfyf[kra oÙkfp=ka i';rA mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k dks"BdxrS% 'kCnS% mfprokD;kfuj;pr&

;Fkk& 1- jghe% fe=ks.k lg ØhMfrA2- --------------------------------------------A3- --------------------------------------------A4- --------------------------------------------A5- --------------------------------------------A6- --------------------------------------------A7- --------------------------------------------A8- --------------------------------------------A

ukSdk

jghe%rwfydk f}pfØdk

dye

fp=ka vki.ka

i=ka

tyfogkja

jp;frxPNfr

fy[kfr

djksfr

vkxPNr~

á%

ok;q;ku

ØhMfr

lg

fe=k

gLr

dUnqoaQ

f{kifr

p"kdtya

ficfr

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

© NCERT

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7- dks"Bdkr~ mfpriniz;ksxs.k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) /fud% ------------------ /ua nnkfrA (fu/Zue~@fu/Zuk;)

([k) cky% ------------------ fo|ky;a xPNfrA (iBuk;@iBusu)

(x) lTtuk% ------------------ thofURkA (ijksidkje~@ijksidkjk;)

(?k) iz/kukpk;Z% ------------------ ikfjrksf"koaQ ;PNfrA (Nk=kk.kke~@Nk=ksH;%)

(Ä) ------------------ ue%A (f'k{kdk;@f'k{kde~)

© NCERT

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cdL; çrhdkj% 41

vO;;iz;ksx%

,dfLeu~ ous 'kxky% cd%p fuolr% LeA r;ks%fe=krk vklhr~A ,dnk izkr%'kxky% cde~ vonr~&¶fe=k! 'o% Roa e;k lgHkkstua oqQ#A¸ 'kxkyL;fueU=k.ksu cd% izlUu%vHkor~A

vfxzes fnus l% Hkkstuk;'kxkyL; fuokle~ vxPNr~AoqQfVyLoHkko% 'k `xky%LFkkY;ka cdk; {khjksnue~v;PNr~A coQe~ vonr~p&¶fe=k! vfLeu~ ik=ksvkoke ~ v/ quk lg So[kknko%A¸ Hkkstudkys cdL; p×pq% LFkkyhr% Hkkstuxzg.ks leFkkZ u vHkor~Avr% cd% osQoya {khjksnue~ vi';r~A 'kxky% rq lo± {khjksnue~ vHk{k;r~A

lIre% ikB%

cdL; çrhdkj%cdL; çrhdkj%cdL; çrhdkj%cdL; çrhdkj%cdL; çrhdkj%

© NCERT

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'kCnkFkkZ%

'kxkysu of×pr% cd% vfpUr;r~&¶;Fkk vusu e;k lg O;ogkj% Ñr%rFkk vge~ vfi rsu lg O;ogfj";kfe¸A,oa fpUrf;Rok l% 'k`xkye~vonr~&¶fe=k! Roe~ vfi 'o% lk;ae;k lg Hkkstua dfj";fl¸A cdL;fueU=k.ksu 'kxky% izlUu% vHkor~A;nk 'kxky% lk;a cdL; fuoklaHkkstuk; vxPNr~] rnk cd% lÄïh.kZeq[ks dy'ks {khjksnue~ v;PNr~] 'kxkyap vonr~&¶fe=k! vkoke~ vfLeu~ ik=ks lgSo Hkkstua oqQoZ%¸A cd% dy'kkr~p×Pok {khjksnue~ v[kknr~A ijUrq 'kxkyL; eq[ka dy'ks u izkfo'kr~A vr%cd% lo± {khjksnue~ v[kknr~A 'kxky% p osQoye~ bZ";Z;k vi';r~A

'kxky% coaQ izfr ;kn'ka O;ogkje~ vdjksr~ cd% vfi 'kxkya izfr rkn'kaO;ogkja ÑRok izrhdkje~ vdjksr~A

mDrefi&vkRenqO;ZogkjL; iQya Hkofr nq%[knEk~ArLekr~ ln~O;ogrZO;a ekuosu lq[kSf"k.kkAA

'kxky% & fl;kj jackalcd% & cxqyk Indian cranevklhr~ & Fkk@Fkh was,dnk (vO;;) & ,d ckj once

© NCERT

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cdL; çrhdkj% 43

vonr~ & cksyk said/told'o% & (vkus okyk) dy tomorrowoqQ# & djks doLFkkY;ke~ & Fkkyh esa in the platev;PNr~ & fn;k gavelÄïh.kZeq[ks & laoqQfpr eq[k in a narrow mouth

okys@rax eq[k okys esalgSo (lg$,o) & lkFk gh same timep×pq% & pksap beakLFkkyhr% & Fkkyh ls from platevi';r~ & ns[krk Fkk@ns[krh Fkh sawvHk{k;r~ & [kk;k@[kk;h atefpUrf;Rok & lkspdj after deep thoughtizrhdkje~ & cnyk revengeln~O;ogrZO;e~ & vPNk O;ogkj one should act

djuk pkfg, goodlq[kSf"k.kk & lq[k pkgus okys osQ }kjk by pleasure seeker

1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&

;=k ;nk vfi vgfuZ'ke~r=k rnk v| v/qukoqQ=k dnk 'o% ,ov=k ,dnk á% oqQr%vU;=k p izkr% lk;e~

vH;kl%© N

CERT

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be re

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2- e×tw"kkr% mfpre~ vO;;ina fpRok fjDrLFkkua iwj;r&

v| vfi izkr% dnk loZnk v/quk

(d) ---------------- Hkze.ka LokLF;k; HkofrA

([k) ---------------- lR;a onA

(x) Roa ---------------- ekrqyxga xfe";fl\

(?k) fnus'k% fo|ky;a xPNfr] vge~ ---------------- rsu lg xPNkfeA

(Ä) ---------------- foKkuL; ;qx% vfLrA

(p) ---------------- jfooklj% vfLrA


(d) 'kxkyL; fe=ka d% vklhr~\

([k) LFkkyhr% d% Hkkstua u v[kknr~\

(x) cd% 'kxkyk; Hkkstus fde~ v;PNr~\

(?k) 'kxkyL; LoHkko% dhn'k% Hkofr\

4- ikBkr~ inkfu fpRok v/ksfyf[krkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&

;Fkk& 'k=kq% fe=ke~

lq[kne~ ------------------------- nqO;Zogkj% -------------------------

'k=kqrk ------------------------- lk;e~ -------------------------

vizlUu% ------------------------- vleFkZ% -------------------------

© NCERT

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cdL; çrhdkj% 45

5- e×tw"kkr% leqfprinkfu fpRok dFkka iwj;r&

euksjFkS% fiikflr% mik;e~ LoYie~ ik"kk.kL; dk;kZf.kmifj lUrq"V% ikrqe~ brLrr% oqQ=kkfi

,dnk ,d% dkd% ---------------------------------------- vklhr~A l% tya ikrqe~

--------------------- vHkzer~A ija -------------------------- tya u izkIuksr~A vUrs l%

,oaQ ?kVe~ vi';r~A ?kVs --------------------------- tye~ vklhr~A

vr% l% tye~ ----------------------- vleFkZ% vHkor~A l% ,de~

--------------- vfpUr;r~A l% ----------------------------- [k.Mkfu

?kVs vf{kir~A ,oa Øes.k ?kVL; tye~ ----------------- vkxPNr~A

dkd% tya ihRok -------------------- vHkor~A ifjJes.k ,o ---------------------------

flè;fUr u rq -----------------------A

6- rRle'kCnku~ fy[kr&

;Fkk& fl;kj 'k`xky%

dkSvk ---------------------

eD[kh ---------------------

cUnj ---------------------

cxqyk ---------------------

pksap ---------------------

ukd ---------------------

© NCERT

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ckyknfi xzghrO;a ;qDreqDra euhf"kfHk%Ajosjfo"k;s ¯d u iznhiL; izdk'kue~ AA1AA

iqLrosQ ifBr% ikB% thous uSo lkf/r%A¯d Hkosr~ rsu ikBsu thous ;ks u lkFkZd% AA2AA

fi z;okD;i znku su lo s Z r q ";fUr ekuok%ArLekr~ fiz;a fg oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrk AA3AA

xPNu~ fiihydks ;kfr ;kstukuka 'krkU;fiAvxPNu~ oSurs;ks¿fi inesoaQ u xPNfr AA4AA

dkd% Ñ".k% fid% Ñ".k% dks Hksn% fiddkd;ks%AolUrle;s izkIrs dkd% dkd% fid% fid% AA5AA

v"Ve% ikB%

lwfDrLrcd%lwfDrLrcd%lwfDrLrcd%lwfDrLrcd%lwfDrLrcd%

© NCERT

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lwfDrLrod% 47

ckyknfi μ ew[kZ@ew[kks± ls] cPpksa ls from foolish(ckykr~ $vfi) person/child

xzghrO;e~ μ xzg.k djuk pkfg, should be accepted;qDre~ μ mfpr appropriate/correct

mDre~ μ dgk x;k told/said

euhf"kfHk% μ cqf¼ekuksa osQ }kjk by the scholars/intellectuals

jos% μ lw;Z osQ of the sunvfo"k;s μ ugha jgus ij without, in absence ofiznhiL; μ nhid dk of candle

nfjnzrk μ nhurk@Ñi.krk poverty

fiz;okD;iznkusu μ fiz; opu cksyus ls by using sweet wordsrq";fUr μ lUrq"V@izlUu gksrs gSa get satisfied

ekuok% μ euq"; human beings

rLekr~ μ blfy;s therefore

oDrO;e~ μ cksyuk pkfg, should be spoken

opus μ cksyus esa in speaking

'kCnkFkkZ%

© NCERT

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lkf/r% μ mi;ksx fd;k used

Hkosr~ μ gksxk@gksuk pkfg, should be

lkFkZd% μ vFkZiw.kZ@iz;kstu ;qDr meaningful

dkd% μ dkSvk crow

Ñ".k% μ dkyk black

fid% μ dks;y cuckoo

fiddkd;ks% μ dks;y vkSj dkS, esa betweencuckoo and crow

izkIrs μ vkus ij after getting

xPNu~ μ tkrk gqvk while going

fiihyd% μ uj phaVh ant (he)

;kfr μ tkrk gS goes

;kstukuke~ μ 4 dkslksa dk a measure of distance(yxHkx 12 fd-eh-) equal to 12 kms.

'krkfu μ lkS hundreds

vxPNu~ μ u pyrs gq, without movement

oSurs;% μ x#M+ garuda

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lwfDrLrod% 49

1- lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA

2- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&d [k

rLekr~ fiz;a fg oDrO;a losZ rq";fUr tUro%A

xPNu~ fiihydks ;kfr thous ;ks u lkFkZd%A

fiz;okD;iznkusu dks Hksn% fiddkd;ks%A

¯d Hkosr~ rsu ikBsu ;kstukuka 'krkU;fiA

dkd% Ñ".k% fid% Ñ".k% opus dk nfjnzrkA

3- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) losZ tUro% osQu rq";fUr\

([k) fiddkd;ks% Hksn% dnk Hkofr\

(x) d% xPNu~ ;kstukuka 'krkU;fi ;kfr\

(?k) vLekfHk% ¯d oDrO;e~\

4- mfprdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqfprdFkukuka le{ka&^u* bfr fy[kr&

(d) dkd% Ñ".k% u HkofrA

([k) vLekfHk% fiz;a oDrO;e~A

(x) olUrle;s fiddkd;ks% Hksn% HkofrA

(?k) oSurs;% i'kq% vfLrA

(Ä) opus nfjnzrk u dÙkZO;kA

vH;kl%

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5- e×tw"kkr% lekukFkZdkfu inkfu fpRok fy[kr&

xzUFks dksfdy% x#M% lw;ZL; dFkus

opus --------------

oSurs;% --------------

iqLrosQ --------------

jos% --------------

fid% --------------

6- foykseinkfu ;kst;r&

d [k

lkFkZd% vkxPNfr

Ñ".k% 'osr%

vuqDre~ nhidL;

xPNfr mDre~

iznhiL; fujFkZd%© NCERT

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vX qyh;oaQ izkIre~ 51

i×peh&"k"BhfoHkfDr%

çLrqr va'k egkdfo dkfynkl }kjk jfpr vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~ ukVd osQ "k"B vV ls lEikfnrfd;k x;k gSA jktk nq";Ur us 'koqQUryk dks vius çse osQ çrhd osQ :i esa ,d v¡xwBh nh Fkhftl ij nq";Ur dk uke vfVr FkkA og v¡xwBh èkhoj dks oSQls feyh\ çLrqr ikB esa bldk jkspdo.kZu laokn 'kSyh esa fd;k x;k gSA

(rr% izfo'kfUr ukxfjd% ';ky% c¼a iq#"ke~ vknk; j{kdkS p)

j{kdkS & (rkMuL; vfHku;a ÑRok) vjs oqQEHkhyd! dFk;] oqQ=k Ro;k,rr~ jktdh;e~ vX‰yh;oaQ izkIre~\ ,rfLeu~ rq jkK% ukemRdh.kZa fo|rsA

uoe% ikB%

vvvvv³~³~³~³~³~xxxxxqyh;dqyh;dqyh;dqyh;dqyh;daa aa a çkIre~ çkIre~ çkIre~ çkIre~ çkIre~

© NCERT

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';ky% & lkyk brother-in-law

c¼e~ & ck¡/k x;k tied

c¼iq#"k% & (Hk;L; vfHku;a ÑRok) HkoUr% izlhnUrqA vga u bZn'k%deZdj%A

tkuqd% & ¯d 'kksHku% czkã.k% bfr eRok jktk rqH;a nkua nÙkoku~\c¼iq#"k% & 'k.kqr bnkuhe~A vga 'kØkorkjL; rhFkZL; fuoklh /hoj%

vfLeAlwpd% & /wrZ! fde~ vLekfHk% ro tkfr% i"Vk\';ky% & lwpd! lo± Øes.k dFk;rqA ,ua eè;s ek fuokj;Aj{kdkS & ;Fkk Hkoku~ vkKki;frAc¼iq#"k% & vga eRL;foØ;s.k oqQVqEcL; Hkj.ka djksfeA';ky% & (fogL;) fo'kq¼a ro vkthfodk;k% lk/ue~Ac¼iq#"k% & ,dfLeu~ fnols e;k jksfgreRL;% [k.M'k% Ñr%A rL; mnjL;

vH;Urjs e;k bna jRu'kksfHkre~ vX qyh;oaQ izkIre~A v;e~ vL;vkxeoÙkkUr%A i'pkr~ rL; foØ;k; vkxr% vge~ vkH;kaxghr%A bna JqRok eka ekj;r ok eq×pr okA

';ky% & tkuqd! vL; 'kjhjkr~ ekalL; xU/% fu%ljfrA vr% fu%la'k;e~v;a eRL;ekjd% ,oA ijUrq vL; vX qyh;dL; izkfIr%fopkj.kh;kA jktoqQya xPNke%A r=kSo vL; fu.kZ;% Hkfo";frA

'kCnkFkkZ%

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vknk; & ysdj after gettingj{kdkS & nks flikgh two policemen

(tkuqd vkSj lwpd)

rkMf;Rok & ihVdj having beatenoqQEHkhyd% & viekulwpd 'kCn abusive wordjktdh;e~ & jktk dh of the kingvX qyh;de~ & v¡xwBh ringmRdh.kZe~ & [kqnk gqvk inscribedizlhnUrq & izlUu gksa be pleasedbZn`'k% & ,slk like thisdeZdj% & dke djusokyk workerbnkuhe~ & vc now/hoj% & eNqvkjk fisherman'k.kqr & lquks listenfuokj; & jksdks stopeRL;foØ;s.k & eNyh cspus ls by selling fishvkthfodk;k% & thfodk dk of means of livelihoodjksfgreRL;% & jksfgsr uked eNyh a special Indian fish[k.M'k% Ñr% & VqdM+s&VqdM+s dj fn;k x;k cut into piecesmnjL; & isV dk of abdomenvH;Urjs & vUnj withinvkxeo`ÙkkUr% & izkfIr dh lwpuk information of

obtaining

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vH;kl%

foØ;k; & cspus osQ fy, for selling

vUrjs & chp esa in the middle

vkH;ke~ & bu nksuksa osQ }kjk by these two

ekj;r & ekj nks kill

ok & vFkok or

eq×pr & NksM+ nks release

fu%ljfr & fudy jgh gS@fudy jgk gS coming out

eRL;ekjd% & eNyh ekjus okyk fisherman

fopkj.kh;k & fopkj djus ;ksX; gS matter of discussion

1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&

i×peh&foHkfDr%iqWfYyÄõ% eksndkr~ eksndkH;ke~ eksnosQH;%L=khfyÄõ% ekyk;k% ekykH;ke~ ekykH;%

uiqaldfyÄõ% fp=kkr~ fp=kkH;ke~ fp=ksH;%

"k"Bh&foHkfDr%iqWfYyÄõ% ujL; uj;ks% ujk.kke~L=khfyÄõ% Nk=kk;k% Nk=k;ks% Nk=kk.kke~uiqaldfyÄõ% i=kL; i=k;ks% i=kk.kke~

© NCERT

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2- fuEufyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) izLrqrikBL; dFkk dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ mn~/rk\

([k) vL;k% dFkk;k% jpf;rk d%\

(x) /hoj% osQu mik;su ifjokjL; Hkj.ka djksfr Le\

(?k) /hojs.k fda izkIre~\

(Ä) 'kØkorkjL; rhFkZL; fuoklh d% vklhr~\

3- fuEufyf[krsH;% insH;% fHkUuizÑfroaQ ina fpuqr&

(d) fogL;] Hk;L;] 'kØkorkjL;] oqQVqEcL;A

([k) nÙk%] jkK%] Ñr%] xghr%A

(x) izfo'kfr] fu%ljfr] vkKki;fr] tkfr%A

(?k) fuokj;] dFk;] vknk;] Ük.kqrA

(Ä) JqRok] rkMf;Rok] i"Vk] ÑRokA

4- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) lq/k ------------------- /ue~ vku;frA (dks"kkr~@dks"ks.k)

([k) xÄõk ------------------- izHkofrA (fgeky;L;@fgeky;kr~)

(x) ------------------- vkHkw"k.ka fo|kA (ujkr~@ujL;)

(?k) ------------------- tya fueZye~A (vyduUnk;k%@vyduUn;k)

(Ä) ------------------- tula[;kA (uxje~@uxjL;)

© NCERT

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5- v/ksfyf[kra oÙkfp=ka i';rA mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k f}rh;dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq 'kCns"kqfoHkfDra iz;qT; mfprokD;kfu jp;rA

;Fkk& (1) Nk=kk (o{k) o{kkr~ iQykfu =kksV;frA

(2) --------------------------------------------------------

(3) --------------------------------------------------------

(4) --------------------------------------------------------

(5) --------------------------------------------------------

(6) --------------------------------------------------------

(7) --------------------------------------------------------

(8) --------------------------------------------------------

vku;fr

dk"Bkfu

ou

=kksV;friQykfu

o`{k

çkIuksfr

iqjLdkje~

çkpk;Zf'

k{kd

iqLrd

kfu

Lohd

jksfr

Nk=kk

Øh.kkfr

ØhM+ud

kfu

vki.k v

kxPNfrfo|ky

;e~x`g

vku;fr

iqLrdkfu

iqLrdky;

u;fr

tye~

owQi

1

23

45

67

8

© NCERT

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6- fp=kkf.k n"V~ok dks"Bdxr'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDar iz;qT; okD;kfu iwj;r&

eRL;k% -------------------- cfg% ui% -------------------- irfrA (v'o)vkxPNfUrA (rMkx)

liZ% -------------------- fuxZPNfrA (fcy) -------------------- tya irfrA (es?k)

-------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o{k)

© NCERT

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lw;ZLrirq es?kk% ok o"kZUrq foiqya tye~A

Ñf"kdk Ñf"kdks fuR;a 'khrdkys¿fi deZBkS AA1AA

xzh"es 'kjhja lLosna 'khrs dEie;a lnkA

gysu p oqQnkysu rkS rq {ks=kkf.k d"kZr% AA2AA

ikn;ksuZ in=kk.ks 'kjhj s olukfu uk sA

fu/Zua thoua d"Va lq[ka nwjs fg fr"Bfr AA3AA

x`ga th.k± u o"kkZlq o`f"Va okjf;rqa {kee~A

rFkkfi deZohjRoa Ñf"kdk.kka u u';fr AA4AA

r;ks% Jes.k {ks=kkf.k lL;iw.kk Zfu loZnkA

/fj=kh ljlk tkrk ;k 'kq"dk d.Vdkork AA5AA

'kkdeÂa iQya nqX/a nÙok losZH; ,o rkSA

{kq/k&r"kkoqQykS fuR;a fofp=kkS tu&ikydkS AA6AA

n'ke% ikB%

Ñf"kdk% deZohjk%Ñf"kdk% deZohjk%Ñf"kdk% deZohjk%Ñf"kdk% deZohjk%Ñf"kdk% deZohjk%

© NCERT

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Ñf"kdk% deZohjk% 59

vH;kl%

rirq & rik;s] tyk;s may burnfoiqye~ & vR;f/d in large amountdeZBkS & fujUrj fØ;k'khy activelLosne~ & ilhus ls ;qDr full of sweatin=kk.ks & twrs shoesolukfu & diM+s clothesth.kZe~ & iqjkuk oldokjf;rqe~ & nwj djus esa in removing{kee~ & leFkZ ablelL;iw.kkZfu & iQly ls ;qDr full of crops/fj=kh & i`Foh earthd.Vdkork & dk¡Vksa ls ifjiw.kZ full of thorns{kq/kr"kkoqQykS & Hkw[k I;kl ls cspSu distressed with

hunger and thirst

1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&

lw;ZLrirq th.kZe~ 'khrdkys¿fi

okjf;rqe~ xzh"es lL;iw.kkZfu

in=kk.ks d.Vdkork {kq/k&r"kkoqQykS

'kCnkFkkZ%

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2- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&

d [k

xga th.k± u o"kkZlq rkS rq {ks=kkf.k d"kZr%A

gysu p oqQnkysu ;k 'kq"dk d.VdkorkA

ikn;ksuZ in=kk.ks lL;iw.kkZfu loZnkA

r;ks% Jes.k {ks=kkf.k 'kjhjs olukfu uksA

/fj=kh ljlk tkrk of"Va okjf;rqa {kee~A

3- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka ^u* bfr fy[kr&

;Fkk& Ñ"kdk% 'khrdkys¿fi deZBk% HkofUrA

Ñ"kdk% gysu {ks=kkf.k u d"kZfUrA

(d) Ñ"kdk% losZH;% vUua ;PNfUrA

([k) Ñ"kdk.kka thoua d"Vizna u HkofrA

(x) Ñ"kd% {ks=kkf.k lL;iw.kZkfu djksfrA

(?k) 'khrs 'kjhjs dEiua u HkofrA

(Ä) Jes.k /fj=kh ljlk HkofrA

vke~

u© NCERT

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Ñf"kdk% deZohjk% 61

4- e×tw"kkr% i;kZ;okfpinkfu fpRok fy[kr&

jfo% oL=kkf.k ttZje~ vf/de~ iFoh fiiklk

olukfu ---------------------

lw;Z% ---------------------

r"kk ---------------------

foiqye~ ---------------------

th.kZe~ ---------------------

/fj=kh ---------------------

5- e×tw"kkr% foykseinkfu fpRok fy[kr&

/fude~ uhjlk v{kee~ nq%[ke~ 'khrs ik'osZ

lq[ke~ ---------------------

nwjs ---------------------

fu/Zue~ ---------------------

{kee~ ---------------------

xzh"es ---------------------

ljlk ---------------------

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(d) Ñ"kdk% osQu {ks=kkf.k d"kZfUr\

([k) osQ"kka deZohjRoa u u';fr\

(x) Jes.k dk ljlk Hkofr\

(?k) Ñ"kdk% losZH;% ¯d ¯d ;PNfUr\

(Ä) Ñ"kdkr~ nwjs ¯d fr"Bfr\

© NCERT

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iq"iksRlo% 63

lIreh&foHkfDr%

mRlofiz;% Hkkjrns'k%A v=k oqQ=kfpr~ 'kL;ksRlo% Hkofr] oqQ=kfpr~ i'kwRlo%

Hkofr] oqQ=kfpr~ /kfeZdksRlo% Hkofr oqQ=kfpr~ p ;kuksRlo%A ,rs"kq ,o vfLr

vU;re% iq"iksRlo% bfrA v;a iwQyokyksa dh lSj* bfr ukEuk izfl¼% vfLrA

nsgY;k% esgjkSyh{ks=ks vkWDVkscj~ekls vL; vk;kstua HkofrA vfLeu~

voljs r=k cgqfo/kfu iq"ikf.k n';UrsA

ija izeq[ke~ vkd"kZ.ka rq vfLr

iq"ifufeZrkfu O;tukfuA

tuk% ,rkfu iq"iO;tukfu

;ksxek;kefUnjs cf[r;kjdkdh

bR;L; lekfèkLFkys p viZ;fUrA

osQpu ikVyiq"iS% fufeZrkfu] osQpu

df.kZdkjiq"iS%] vU;s tikoqQlqeS%] vijs efYydkiq"iS%] brjs p xsUnkiq"iS%

fufeZrkfu O;tukfu u;fUrA

v;e~ mRlo% fnol=k;a ;kor~ izpyfrA ,rs"kq fnols"kq irÄõkuke~

mM~M;ue~] fofo/k% ØhMk% eYy;q¼a pkfi izpyfrA

,dkn'k% ikB%

iq"iksRlo%iq"iksRlo%iq"iksRlo%iq"iksRlo%iq"iksRlo%

© NCERT

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foxrsH;% f}'kro"ksZH;% iq"iksRlo% tuku~ vkuUn;frA eè;s b;a ijEijk

LFkfxrk vklhr~A ija LorU=krkizkIrs% i'pkr~ b;a euksgkfj.kh ijEijk iqu%

lekjCèkkA iq"iksRlo% v|kfi lksYykla lksRlkga p izpyfrA

mRlofiz;% & mRloksa dk izseh lover of festivalsoqQ=kfpr~ & dgha ij somewhere'kL;ksRlo% & iQlyksa dk mRlo festival of cropsi'kwRlo% & i'kqvksa dk mRlo festival of animals(i'kq$mRlo%);kuksRlo% & xkfM+;ksa dk mRlo festival of vehiclesvU;re% & dbZ esa ls ,d one of manyiq"iksRlo% & iwQyksa dk mRlo festival of flowersbfr ukEuk & bl uke ls by this namevoljs & volj ij on this occasioniq"ifufeZrkfu & iwQYkksa ls cus gq, made of flowersO;tukfu & ia[ks fansiq"iO;tukfu & iwQyksa osQ ia[ks fans of flowerslekf/LFkys & njxkg on the burial placeviZ;fUr & vfiZr djrs gaS offerikVyiq"iS% & xqykc osQ iwQyksa ls with rose flowers

'kCnkFkkZ%

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iq"iksRlo% 65

vH;kl%

df.kZdkjiq"iS% & dusj osQ iwQyksa ls with oleander flowerstikiq"iS% & tokoqQlqe osQ iwQyksa ls@ with chinese rose

xqM+gy osQ iwQyksa lsefYydkiq"iS% & pesyh osQ iwQYkksa ls with jasmine flowersu;fUr & ys tkrs gSa take, bring;kor~ & rd uptoizpyfr & pyrk gS continueirÄõkuke~ & iraxksa dk of kitesmM~M;ue~ & mM+kuk flyingeYy;q¼e~ & oqQ'rhs wrestling



;Fkk& efUnjs efUnj;ks% efUnjs"kq

vlojs --------------- ---------------

--------------- LFky;ks% ---------------

--------------- --------------- fnols"kq

{ks=ks --------------- ---------------

--------------- O;tu;ks% ---------------

--------------- --------------- iq"is"kq

© NCERT

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2- dks"BosQ"kq iznÙk'kCns"kq leqfprina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ---------------- cgo% mRlok% HkofUrA (Hkkjre~@Hkkjrs)

([k) ---------------- ehuk% olfUrA (ljksojs@ljksojkr~)

(x) tuk% ---------------- iq"ikf.k viZ;fUrA (efUnjs.k@efUnjs)

(?k) [kxk% ---------------- fuolfUrA (uhMkfu@uhsMs"kq)

(Ä) Nk=kk% ---------------- iz;ksxa oqQoZfUrA (iz;ksx'kkyk;ke~@iz;ksx'kkyk;k%)

(p) ---------------- iq"ikf.k fodlfUrA (m|kuL;@m|kus)

3- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/R; lkFkZdkfu okD;kfu jp;r&

okujk% ous"kq rjfUr

¯lgk% o`{ks"kq u`R;fUr

e;wjk% tys mRirfUr

eRL;k% vkdk'ks xtZfUr

[kxk% m|kus owQnZfURk


(d) tuk% iq"iO;tukfu oqQ=k viZ;fUr\

([k) iq"iksRloL; vk;kstua dnk Hkofr\

(x) vLekoaQ Hkkjrns'k% dhn'k% vfLr\

© NCERT

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iq"iksRlo% 67

(?k) iq"iksRlo% osQu ukEuk izfl¼% vfLr\

(Ä) esgjkSyh{ks=ks dL;k% efUnja dL; lekf/LFky×p vfLr\

5- dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq 'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDra iz;qT; okD;kfu iwj;r&

;Fkk & ljksojs ehuk% lfUrA (ljksoj)

(d) ------------- dPNik% HkzefUrA (rMkx)

([k) ------------- lSfudk% lfUrA (f'kfoj)

(x) ;kukfu ------------- pyfUrA(jktekxZ)

(?k) ------------- jRukfu lfUrA (/jk)

(Ä) ckyk% ------------- ØhMfUrA (ØhMk{ks=k)

6- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

iq"is"kq xÄõk;ke~ fo|ky;s o{k;ks% m|kus"kq

(d) o;a ---------------- iBke%A

([k) tuk% ------------- HkzefUrA

(x) ------------- ukSdk% lfUrA

(?k) ------------- Hkzejk% xq×tfUrA

(Ä) ------------- iQykfu iDokfu lfUrA

© NCERT

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shed


rnk df'pr~ ckyd% vx.k;r~&,d%] }kS] =k;%] pRokj%] i×p] "kV~]lIr] v"VkS] uo bfrA l% Loa u vx.k;r~A vr% l% vonr~&uo ,o lfUrAn'ke% u vfLrA vij% vfi ckyd% iqu% vU;ku~ ckydku~ vx.k;r~A rnkvfi uo ,o vklu~A vr% rs fu'p;e~ voqQoZu~ ;r~ n'ke% u|ka eXu%A rs

nq%f[krk% rw".khe~ vfr"Bu~A

la[;kokfpinkfu

,dnk n'k ckydk% Lukuk; unhe~ vxPNu~A rs unhtys fpja Lukue~ voqQoZu~A rr%rs rhRokZ ikja xrk%A rnk rs"kka uk;d% viPNr~&vfi losZ ckydk% unhe~ mÙkh.kkZ%\

}kn'k% ikB%

n'ke% Roe~ vfln'ke% Roe~ vfln'ke% Roe~ vfln'ke% Roe~ vfln'ke% Roe~ vfl

© NCERT

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n'ke% Roe~ vfl 69

rnk df'pr~ ifFkd% r=k vkxPNr~A l% rku~ ckydku~ nq%f[krku~ n"V~ok

viPNr~&ckydk%! ;q"ekoaQ nq%[kL; dkj.ka fde~\ ckydkuka uk;d%

vdFk;r~&^o;a n'k ckydk% Lukrqe~ vkxrk%A bnkuha uo ,o Le%A ,d% u|ka

eXu%* bfrA

ifFkd% rku~ vx.k;r~A r=k n'k ckydk% ,o vklu~A l% uk;de~

vkfn'kr~ Roa ckydku~ x.k;A l% rq uo ckydku~ ,o vx.k;r~A rnk ifFkd%

vonr~&n'ke% Roe~ vfl bfrA

rr~ JqRok izâ"Vk% HkwRok losZ xge~ vxPNu~A

bnkuhe~ & vc now

,dnk & ,d ckj once

Lukuk; & ugkus osQ fy, for bathing

fueZye~ & lkiQ clean

'khrye~ & B.Mk cold

rhRokZ & rSjdj after swimming

uk;d% & usrk leader

fpje~ & nsj rd for a long time

mÙkh.kkZ% & ikj dj fy;k crossed over

'kCnkFkkZ%

© NCERT

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rnk & rc thenvx.k;r~ & fxuk countedLukRok & ugkdj after bathingvij% & nwljk anotheriqu% & fiQj] nksckjk againvklu~ & Fks@Fkha wereu|ke~ & unh esa in the riverrw".khe~ & ekSUk silentifFkd% & jkgxhj travellerLukrqe~ & Luku osQ fy, to take batheXu% & Mwc x;k sankizâ"Vk% & vkufUnr@izlUu happyJqRok & lqudj after listeningbfr & m¼j.k dh lekfIr to end a sentence/

dk lwpd vO;; context

vH;kl%

1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&

iq¡fYyÄs õ L=khfyÄs õ uiqaldfyÄs õ

,d% ,dk ,de~

}kS }s }s

=k;% frÏ% =khf.k

pRokj% prÏ% pRokfj

vH;kl%© NCERT

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n'ke% Roe~ vfl 71

i×p i×p i×p

"kV~ "kV~ "kV~

lIr lIr lIr

v"V v"V v"V

uo uo uo

n'k n'k n'k


(d) dfr ckydk% Lukuk; vxPNu~\

([k) rs Lukuk; oqQ=k vxPNu~\

(x) rs oaQ fu'p;e~ voqQoZu~\

(?k) ekxsZ d% vkxPNr~\

(Ä) ifFkd% fde~ vonr~\

3- 'kq¼dFkukuka le{ke~ ( ) bfr v'kq¼dFkukuka le{ka (×) oqQ#r&(d) n'kckydk% Lukuk; vxPNu~A

([k) losZ okfVdk;ke~ vHkzeu~A

(x) rs oLrqr% uo ckydk% ,o vklu~A

(?k) ckyd% Loa u vx.k;r~A

(Ä) ,d% ckyd% u|ka eXu%A

(p) rs lqf[krk% rw".khe~ vfr"Bu~A

(N) dks¿fi ifFkd% u vkxPNr~A

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(t) uk;d% vonr~&n'ke% Roe~ vfl bfrA

(>) rs losZ izâ"Vk% HkwRok xge~ vxPNu~A

4- e×tw"kkr% 'kCnku~ fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

x.kf;Rok JqRok n"V~ok ÑRok x`ghRok rhROkkZ

(d) rs ckydk% ------------- u|k% mÙkh.kkZ%A

([k) ifFkd% ckydku~ nq%f[krku~ ------------- vi`PNr~A

(x) iqLrdkfu ------------- fo|ky;a xPNA

(?k) ifFkdL; opua ------------- losZ izeqfnrk% xge~ vxPNu~A

(Ä) ifFkd% ckydku~ ------------- vdFk;r~ n'ke% ROke~ vflA

(p) eksgu% dk;± ------------- xga xPNfrA

5- fp=kkf.k n"V~ok la[;ka fy[kr&

------------- dUnqdkfuA ------------- pVdk%A

------------- iqLrde~A ------------- e;wjkSA

© NCERT

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n'ke% Roe~ vfl 73

------------- ckfyosQA ------------- rkyk%A

------------- diksrk%A ------------- i=kkf.kA

© NCERT

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be re

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vlrks ek ln~xe;A

relks ek T;ksfrxZe;A

eR;ksekZ¿era xe;AA

c`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~ (1-3-28)

;Fkk |kS Üp ifFkoh p u fcHkhrks u fj";r%A

,ok es izk.k ek fcHks%AA

vFkoZosn% (2-51-1)

;r~ LoIus vUue Üukfe u izkrjf/xE;rsA

loZa rnLrq es f'koa ufg rn~ n';rs fnokAA

vFkoZosn% (7-101-1)

loZLrjrq nqxkZf.k loksZ Hknzkf.k i';rqA

loZ% dkekuokIuksrq loZ% loZ=k uUnrqAA

foØeksoZ'kh;e~ (5-25)

=k;ksn'k% ikB%

yksdeyksdeyksdeyksdeyksde³~³~³~³~³~xxxxxye~ye~ye~ye~ye~

© NCERT

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yksdeXye~ 75

vlrks & vlr~@cqjkbZ ls from evil/non-existentln~ & lr~@vPNkbZ virtuous/good/

existentrelks & va/dkj ls@vKku ls from darkness/

ignorancexe; & ys pyks take toeR;ks% & eR;q ls from deathvere~ & vejRo dks towards immortality|kS% & varfj{k] |qyksd heaven/skyfcHkhr% & Mjkrs gSa frightenfj";r% & nq%[k nsrs gSa pinch/give painfcHks% & Mjks be afraid,ok & ,sls gh in the same wayv'ukfe & [kkrk gw¡ consumevf/xE;rs & çkIr gksrk gS is acquiredvLrq & gks let it bef'koe~ & dY;k.kdkjh good/beneficialn';rs & fn[krk gS is seenfnok & fnu daynqxkZf.k & dfBukbZ;ksa dks difficultiesrjrq & ikj djs may get awayHknzkf.k & dY;k.kdkjh beneficiali';rq & ns[ksa may see

'kCnkFkkZ%

© NCERT

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vH;kl%

dkeku~ & dkeukvksa dks desirable objectsvokIuksrq & izkIr djsa may find(vo$vkIuksrq)uUnrq & izlUu jgas may be pleasedloZ=k & lc txg everywhere

1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&

T;ksfrxZe; |kS'p vUue'ukfe

izkrjf/xE;rs loZLrjrq nqxkZf.k

ognkj.;dksifu"kn~ dkekuokIuksrq Hknzkf.k

2- lokZu~ eU=kku~ 'yksoaQ p lLoja xk;rA

3- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) nqxkZf.k d% rjrq\

([k) loZ=k d% uUnrq\

(x) dkS u fcHkhr%\

(?k) vlrks ek oqQ=k xe;\

4- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inkfu jp;r&

yksV~ydkj% yV~ydkj% yksV~ydkj% yV~ydkj%

rjrq rjfr ØhMrq --------------

i';rq -------------- glrqq --------------

© NCERT

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yksdeXye~ 77

uUnrq -------------- vku;rq --------------

uR;rq -------------- u;rqq -------------

vLrq -------------- /korq -------------

xPNrq -------------- fy[krq -------------

5- foykseinkfu ;kst;r&

d [k

izkr% loZ=k

fnok LoIus

tkxj.ks lk;e~

,d=k T;ksfr%

re% jkf=k%

6- e×tw"kkr% mfpre~ vO;;ina fpRok fjDrLFkukfu iwj;r&

u p ;Fkk ,o ek

(d) -------------------- ns'k% rFkk os"k%A

([k) ekrk firk -------------------- f'k'kwu~ iky;r%A

(x) Je -------------------- t;rsA

(?k) egkRek xk¡/h lR;a -------------------- vR;tr~A

(Ä) xo± -------------------- oqQ#A

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vtht% ljy% ifjJeh p vklhr~A l% Lokfeu% ,o lsok;ka yhu% vklhr~A,dnk l% xga xUrqe~ vodk'ka ok×NfrA Lokeh prqj% vklhr~A l%fpUr;fr&^vtht% bo u dks¿fi vU;% dk;ZoqQ'ky%A ,"k vodk'kL; vfiosrua xzgh";frA* ,oa fpUrf;Rok Lokeh dFk;fr&^vga rqH;e~ vodk'kL;osruL; p lo± /ua nkL;kfeA* ije~ ,rnFkZa Roa oLrq};e~ vku;&^vgg!*^vk%!* p bfrA

,rr~ JqRok vtht% oLrq};e~ vkusrqa fuxZPNfrA l% brLrr% ifjHkzefrAtuku~ iPNfrA vkdk'ka i';frA /jka izkFkZ;frA ija liQyrka uSo izkIuksfrAfpUr;fr] ifjJeL; /ua l% uSoizkIL;frA oqQ=kfpr~ ,dk o¼k feyfrAl% rka lok± O;Fkka Jko;frA lkfopkj;fr&^Lokeh vthtk; /ua nkrqau bPNfrA lk ra dFk;fr&^vgarqH;a oLrq};a nnkfeA* ija };e~,o cgqewY;oaQ orZrsA izlUu% l%Lokfeu% lehis vkxPNfrA

vthta n"V~ok Lokeh pfdr% HkofrA Lokeh 'kuS% 'kuS% isfVdke~mn~?kkV;frA isfVdk;ka y?kqik=k};e~ vklhr~A izFkea l% ,oaQ y?kqik=ke~ mn~?kkV;frAlglk ,dk e/qef{kdk fuxZPNfrA rL; p gLra n'kfrA Lokeh mPPkS%

prqnZ'k% ikB%

vgg vk% pvgg vk% pvgg vk% pvgg vk% pvgg vk% p

© NCERT

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vgg vk% p 79

onfr&^vgg!A f}rh;a y?kqik=ke~ mn~?kkV;frA ,dk vU;k ef{kdk fuxZPNfrAl% yykVs n'kfrA ihfMr% l% vR;qPpS% phRdjksfr&^vk%* bfrA

vtht% liQy% vklhr~A Lokeh rLeS vodk'kL; osruL; p iw.k±/ua nnkfrA

'kCnkFkkZ%v

yhu% & layXu] rYyhu engaged

ok×Nfr & pkgrk@pkgrh gS wishes/wants

dks¿fi(d%$vfi) & dksbZ Hkh whosoever

vku; & ykvks bring

vgg & d"Vlwpd vO;; oh!

vk% & ihM+klwpd vO;; ah!

vkusrqe~ & ykus osQ fy, to bring

fuxZPNfr & fudyrk gS comes out/exits

brLrr%(br%$rr%) & b/j&m/j here and there

/jke~ & iFoh dks the earth

izkIL;fr & ik,xk will receive

O;Fkke~ & nq%[k dks pain

l|% & rRdky] rqjUr instantly

viZ; & ns nks give

mn~?kkV;fr & [kksyrk gS opens

'kCnkFkkZ%

© NCERT

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vH;kl%

n'kfr & Mlrh gS] dkVrh gS bite

vR;qPpS%(vfr$mPpS%) & cgqr tksj ls very loudly

phRdjksfr & fpYykrk gS cries

1- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka leqfprku~ vFkkZu~ esy;r&

d [k

gLrs vdLekr~

l|% iFohe~

lglk xxue~

/ue~ 'kh?kze~

vkdk'ke~ djs

/jke~ nzfo.ke~

2- e×tw"kkr% mfpra foykseina fpRok fy[kr&

izfo'kfr lsod% ew[kZ% usrqe~ uhpS% nq%f[kr%

(d) prqj% --------------------

([k) vkusrqe~ --------------------

(x) fuxZPNfr --------------------

(?k) Lokeh --------------------

© NCERT

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vgg vk% p 81

(Ä) izlUu% --------------------

(p) mPpS% --------------------

3- e×tw"kkr% mfpre~ vO;;ina fpRok fjDrLFkukfu iwj;r&

bo vfi ,o p mPpS%

(d) ckydk% ckfydk% -------------------- ØhMk{ks=ks ØhMfUrA

([k) es?kk% -------------------- xtZfUrA

(x) cd% gal% -------------------- 'osr% HkofrA

(?k) lR;e~ -------------------- t;rsA

(Ä) vga iBkfe] Roe~ -------------------- iBA


(d) vtht% xga xUraq ¯d ok×Nfr\

([k) Lokeh ew[kZ% vklhr~ prqj% ok\

(x) vtht% dka O;Fkka Jko;fr\

(?k) vU;k ef{kdk oqQ=k n'kfr\

(Ä) Lokeh vthtk; ¯d nkrqa u bPNfr\

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5- funsZ'kkuqlkja ydkjifjorZua oqQ#r&

;Fkk&vtht% ifjJeh vklhr~A (yV~ydkjs) vtht% ifJeh vfLrA

(d) vga f'k{kdk; /ua nnkfeA (yV~ydkjs) ----------------------------------------

([k) ifjJeh tu% /ua izkIL;frA (yV~ydkjs) ----------------------------------------

(x) Lokeh mPpS% onfrA (yÄ~ydkjs) ----------------------------------------

(?k) vtht% isfVdka xg~.kkfrA (yV~ydkjs) ----------------------------------------

(Ä) Roe~ mPpS% iBflA (yksV~ydkjs) --------------------------------------

6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukØekuqlkja fy[krA

(d) Lokeh vthtk; vodk'kL; iw.kZa /ua nnkfrA

([k) vtht% ljy% ifjJeh p vklhr~A

(x) vtht% isfVdke~ vku;frA

(?k) ,dnk l% xga xUrqe~ vodk'ka ok×NfrA

(Ä) ihfMr% Lokeh vR;qPpS% phRdjksfrA

(p) ef{kosQ Lokfeua n'kr%A

© NCERT

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ekrqypUnz!! 83

oqQr vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\oqQ=k xfe";fl ekrqypUnz\

vfr'k;foLrruhykdk'k%uSo n`';rs Dofpnodk'k%dFka iz;kL;fl ekrqypUnz\oqQr vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\

dFkek;kfl u Hkks! ee xsge~ekrqy! fdjfl dFka u Lusge~dnk¿¿xfe";fl ekrqypUnz\oqQr vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\

/oya ro pfUnzdkforkue~rkjd[kfpra flrifj/kue~eáa nkL;fl ekrqypUnz\oqQr vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\

Rofjresfg eka Jko; xhfre~fiz; ekrqy! o/Z; es izhfre~fdUuk;kL;fl ekrqypUnz\oqQr vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\

i×pn'k% ikB%

ekrqypUnzekrqypUnzekrqypUnzekrqypUnzekrqypUnz!!!!!!!!!!

© NCERT

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ekrqypUnz! & pUnkekek! Uncle moon

oqQr% (vO;;) & dgk¡ ls from where

vfr'k;foLr`r% & vfr fo'kky very stretched, extended

n`';rs & fn[krk gS@fn[krh gS it looks

Dofpr~ (vO;;) & dgha Hkh anywhere

iz;kL;fl & tkvksxs@tkvksxh will go

xsge~ & ?kj dks home

fdjfl & fo[ksjrs gks@fo[ksjrh gks scatter

/oye~ & lisQn white

pfUnzdkforkue~ & iSQyh gqbZ pk¡nuh extensive moonlight

rkjd[kfpra & rkjksa ls 'kksfHkr adorned with stars

flrifj/kue~ & lisQn oL=k white clothes

eáe~ & eq>s to me

Rofjre~ & 'kh?kz fast, as soon as

,fg & vkvks come

Jko; & lqukvks make me listen

o/Z; & c<+kvks increase

'kCnkFkkZ%

© NCERT

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ekrqypUnz!! 85

1- ckyxhra lkfHku;a lLoja xk;rA

2- i|ka'kku~ ;kst;r&

ekrqy! fdjfl flrifj/kue~

rkjd[kfpra Jko; xhfre~

Rofjresfg eka pfUnzdkforkue~

vfr'k;foLr`r dFka u Lusge~

/oya ro uhykdk'k%

3- i|ka'ks"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) fiz; ekrqy! -------------------------------- izhfre~A

([k) dFka iz;kL;fl --------------------------------A

(x) -------------------------------- Dofpnodk'k%A

(?k) -------------------------------- nkL;fl ekrqypUnz!A

(Ä) dFkek;kfl u -------------------------------- xsge~A


(d) vfLeu~ ikBs d% ekrqy%\

([k) uhykdk'k% dhn'k% vfLr\

(x) ekrqypUnz% ¯d u fdjfr\

(?k) ¯d Jkof;rqa f'k'kq% pUnza dFk;fr\

(Ä) pUnzL; flrifj/kua dFke~ vfLr\

vH;kl%

© NCERT

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5- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fuEufyf[krinkfu lEcks/us ifjorZ;r&

;Fkk& pUnz% & pUnz!

(d) f'k";% & ------------------------

([k) xksiky% & ------------------------

;Fkk& ckfydk & ckfyosQ!

(d) fiz;aonk & ------------------------

([k) yrk & ------------------------

;Fkk& iQye~ & iQy!

(d) fe=ke~ & ------------------------

([k) iqLrde~ & ------------------------

;Fkk& jfo% & joss!

(d) eqfu% & ------------------------

([k) dfo% & ------------------------

;Fkk& lk/q% & lk/ks!

(d) Hkkuq% & ------------------------

([k) i'kq% & ------------------------

;Fkk& unh & ufn!

(d) nsoh & ------------------------

([k) ekfuuh & ------------------------

© NCERT

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ekrqypUnz!! 87

6- e×tw"kkr% mi;qDrkuke~ vO;;inkuka iz;ksxs.k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

oqQr% dnk oqQ=k dFka fde~

(d) txUukFkiqjh ---------------- vfLr\

([k) Roa ---------------- iqjha xfe";fl\

(x) xÄõkunh ---------------- izogfr\

(?k) ro LokLF;a ---------------- vfLr\

(Ä) o"kkZdkys e;wjk% ---------------- oqQoZfUr\

7- rRle'kCnku~ fy[kr&

ekek ------------------------

eksj ------------------------

rkjk ------------------------

dks;y ------------------------

dcwrj ------------------------© NCERT

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dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%okD;s fØ;k;k% lk{kkr~ vUo;% ;su insu@'kCnsu lg Hkofr rr~ ina dkjoaQHkofrA dkjdk.kke~ vFk± çdVf;rqa ;s"kka çR;;kuka la;kstua 'kCnS% lg Hkofr rs(çR;;k%) dkjd&foHkDr;% HkofUrA

;Fkk& Nk=kk%!(11) n'kjFkL;(10) lqr%(1) jke%(2) n.Mdkj.;kr~(8) yVka(3)

xRok ;q¼s(9) jko.ka(4) ck.ksu(6) gRok foHkh"k.kk;(7) yVkjkT;e~(5) v;PNr~(12)A

Øela[;k 'kCnk%@inkfu dkjde~ foHkfDr%

1] 2 lqr%] jke% drkZ çFkek

3] 4] 5 yVka] jko.ka] deZ f}rh;k

yVkjkT;e~

6 ok.ksu dj.ke~ r`rh;k

7 foHkh"k.kk; lEçnkue~ prqFkhZ

8 n.Mdkj.;kr~ viknkue~ i×peh

9 ;q¼s vf/dj.ke~ lIreh

fo'ks"k%& "k"Bh&foHkDrs% vFkZ lEcU/% vfLrA lEcU/% lEcks/ua pdkjoaQ u HkofrA mnkgj.ke~&^n'kjFkL;*(10) gs Nk=kk%*(11) bfr in;ks% lk{kkr~vUo;% fØ;;k v;PNr~*(12) bR;usu insu lg ukfLrA vr% laLÑrs ,rs insdkjosQ u Hkor%A

ifjf'k"Ve~

© NCERT

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ifjf'k"Ve~ 89

vdkjkUr&vdkjkUr&vdkjkUr&vdkjkUr&vdkjkUr&iq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~x&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%

ckyd

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkek ckyd% ckydkSSS ckydk%f}rh;k ckyde~ ckydkS ckydku~r`rh;k ckyosQu ckydkH;ke~ ckyoSQ%prqFkhZ ckydk; ckydkH;ke~ ckyosQH;%i×peh ckydkr~ ckydkH;ke~ ckyosQH;%"k"Bh ckydL; ckyd;kss% ckydkuke~lIreh ckyosQ ckyd;kssss% ckyosQ"kqlEcks/ue~ gs ckyd! gs ckydkS! gs ckydk%!

,oeso u`i&nso&jke&firkeg&if.Mr&bR;knhuke~ vdkjkUr&iq¡fYyX&'kCnkuka:ikf.k HkofUrA

vkdkjkUr&vkdkjkUr&vkdkjkUr&vkdkjkUr&vkdkjkUr&L=hfy³~xL=hfy³~xL=hfy³~xL=hfy³~xL=hfy³~x&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%ckfydk

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkek ckfydk ckfyosQ ckfydk%f}rh;k ckfydke~ ckfyosQ ckfydk%r`rh;k ckfyd;k ckfydkH;ke~ ckfydkfHk%prqFkhZ ckfydk;Ss ckfydkH;ke~ ckfydkH;%

'kCn:ikf.k

© NCERT

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i×peh ckfydk;k% ckfydkH;ke~ ckfydkH;%

"k"Bh ckfydk;k% ckfyd;kss% ckfydkuke~

lIreh ckfydk;ke~ ckfyd;kssss% ckfydklq

lEcks/ue~ gs ckfyosQ! gs ckfyosQ! gs ckfydk%!

,oeso yrk&jek&ekyk&dfydk&bR;knhuke~ vkdkjkUr&L=khfyX&'kCnkuka

:ikf.k HkofUrA

vdkjkUr&uiqaldfyvdkjkUr&uiqaldfyvdkjkUr&uiqaldfyvdkjkUr&uiqaldfyvdkjkUr&uiqaldfy³~x³~x³~x³~x³~x&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%iq"i

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek iq"ie~ iq"is iq"ikf.k

f}rh;k iq"ie~ iq"is iq"ikf.k

r`rh;k iq"is.k iq"ikH;ke~ iq"iS%

prqFkhZ iq"ik; iq"ikH;ke~ iq"isH;%

i×peh iq"ikr~ iq"ikH;ke~ iq"isH;%

"k"Bh iq"iL; iq"i;kss% iq"ik.kke~

lIreh iq"is iq"i;ks% iq"is"kq

lEcks/ue~ gs iq"i! gs iq"is! gs iq"ikf.kA

,oeso iQy&iqLrd&uxj&fe=k&m|ku&bR;knhuke~ vdkjkUr&uiqaldfyX&'kCnkuka

:ikf.k HkofUrA

© NCERT

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ifjf'k"Ve~ 91

bdkjkUr&bdkjkUr&bdkjkUr&bdkjkUr&bdkjkUr&iq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~x&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%eqfu

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkek eqfu% equh equ;%f}rh;k eqfue~ equh equhu~r`rh;k eqfuuk eqfuH;ke~ eqfufHk%prqFkhZ equ;s eqfuH;ke~ eqfuH;%i×peh equs% eqfuH;ke~ eqfuH;%"k"Bh equs% eqU;kss% equhuke~lIreh equkS eqU;kssss% eqfu"kqlEcks/ue~ gs equs! gs equh! gs equ;%!

,oeso dfo&gfj&jfo&dfi&bR;knhuke~ bdkjkUr&iq¡fYyX&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

mdkjkUr&mdkjkUr&mdkjkUr&mdkjkUr&mdkjkUr&iq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~xiq ¡fYy³~x&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%&'kCn%Hkkuq

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkek Hkkuq% Hkkuw Hkkuo%f}rh;k Hkkuqe~ Hkkuw Hkkuwu~r`rh;k Hkkuquk HkkuqH;ke~ HkkuqfHk%prqFkhZ Hkkuos HkkuqH;ke~ HkkuqH;%i×peh Hkkuks% HkkuqH;ke~ HkkuqH;%"k"Bh Hkkuks% HkkUoks% Hkkuwuke~lIreh HkkukS HkkUoks% Hkkuq"kqlEcks/ue~ gs Hkkuks! gs Hkkuw! gs Hkkuo%!

,oeso f'k'kq&lk/q&xq#&fo".kq&bR;knhuke~ mdkjkUr&iq¡fYyX&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

© NCERT

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iB~ iB~ iB~ iB~ iB~ ¼¼¼¼¼ i<+ui<+ui<+ui<+ui<+ukkkkk ½½½½½

yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

çFkeiq#"k% iBfr iBr% iBfUr

eè;eiq#"k% iBfl iBFk% iBFk

mÙkeiq#"k% iBkfe iBko% iBke%

y`V~ydkj% (Hkfo";r~dky%)


çFkeiq#"k% ifB";fr ifB";r% ifB";fUr

eè;ei#"k% ifB";fl ifB";Fk% ifB";Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% ifB";kfe ifB";ko% ifB";ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)


çFkeiq#"k% viBr~ viBrke~ viBu~

eè;eiq#"k% viB% viBre~ viBr

mÙkeiq#"k% viBe~ viBko viBke

/krq&:ikf.k

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ifjf'k"Ve~ 93

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)


çFkeiq#"k% iBrq iBrke~ iBUrq

eè;eiq#"k% iB iBre~ iBr

mÙkeiq#"k% iBkfu iBko iBke

,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy~] [kkn~] ik (fic)] n`'k~ (i';)] /kko~] ir~] Hkze~]fy[k~] b"k~ (bPNk)] fey~&izHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

xe~&xPN~ xe~&xPN~ xe~&xPN~ xe~&xPN~ xe~&xPN~ ¼¼¼¼¼ tkutkutkutkutkukkkkk ½½½½½



çFkeiq#"k% xPNfr xPNr% xPNfUr

eè;eiq#"k% xPNfl xPNFk% xPNFk

mÙkeiq#"k% xPNkfe xPNko% xPNke%



çFkeiq#"k% xfe";fr xfe";r% xfe";fUr

eè;ei#"k% xfe";fl xfe";Fk% xfe";Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% xfe";kfe xfe";ko% xfe";ke%

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çFkeiq#"k% vxPNr~ vxPNrke~ vxPNu~

eè;eiq#"k% vxPN% vxPNre~ vxPNr

mÙkeiq#"k% vxPNe~ vxPNko vxPNke

yksV~&ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)


çFkeiq#"k% xPNrqq xPNrke~ xPNUrq

eè;eiq#"k% xPN xPNre~ xPNr

mÙkeiq#"k% xPNkfu xPNko xPNke

LFkk&fr"B LFkk&fr"B LFkk&fr"B LFkk&fr"B LFkk&fr"B ¼¼¼¼¼ BgjuBgjuBgjuBgjuBgjukkkkk ½½½½½



çFkei#"k% fr"Bfr fr"Br% fr"BfUr

eè;eiq#"k% fr"Bfl fr"BFk% fr"BFk

mÙkeiq#"k% fr"Bkfe fr"Bko% fr"Bke%

© NCERT

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be re

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ifjf'k"Ve~ 95



çFkeiq#"k% LFkkL;fr LFkkL;r% LFkkL;fUr

eè;eiq#"k% LFkkL;fl LFkkL;Fk% LFkkL;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% LFkkL;kfe LFkkL;ko% LFkkL;ke%



çFkeiq#"k% vfr"Br~ vfr"Brke~ vfr"Bu~

eè;eiq#"k% vfr"B% vfr"Bre~ vfr"Br

mÙkeiq#"k% vfr"Be~ vfr"Bko vfr"Bke



çFkeiq#"k% fr"Brqq fr"Brke~ fr"BUrq

eè;eiq#"k% fr"B fr"Bre~ fr"Br

mÙkeiq#"k% fr"Bkfu fr"Bko fr"Bke

© NCERT

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be re

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uh&u;~ uh&u;~ uh&u;~ uh&u;~ uh&u;~ ¼¼¼¼¼ ysuysuysuysuysukkkkk ½½½½½



çFkeiq#"k% u;fr u;r% u;fUr

eè;eiq#"k% u;fl u;Fk% u;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% u;kfe u;ko% u;ke%



çFkeiq#"k% us";fr us";r% us";fUr

eè;eiq#"k% us";fl us";Fk% us";Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% us";kfe us";ko% us";ke%



çFkeiq#"k% vu;r~ vu;rke~ vu;u~

eè;eiq#"k% vu;% vu;re~ vu;r

mÙkeiq#"k% vu;e~ vu;ko vu;ke

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ifjf'k"Ve~ 97



çFkeiq#"k% u;rqq u;rke~ u;Urq

eè;eiq#"k% u; u;re~ u;r

mÙkeiq#"k% u;kfu u;ko u;ke

fpUr~ fpUr~ fpUr~ fpUr~ fpUr~ ¼¼¼¼¼ lkspulkspulkspulkspulkspukkkkk ½½½½½



çFkeiq#"k% fpUr;fr fpUr;r% fpUr;fUr

eè;ei#"k% fpUr;fl fpUr;Fk% fpUr;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% fpUr;kfe fpUr;ko% fpUr;ke%



çFkeiq#"k% fpUrf;";fr fpUrf;";r% fpUrf;";fUr

eè;eiq#"k% fpUrf;";fl fpUrf;";Fk% fpUrf;";Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% fpUrf;";kfe fpUrf;";ko% fpUrf;";ke%

© NCERT

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çFkeiq#"k% vfpUr;r~ vfpUr;rke~ vfpUr;u~

eè;eiq#"k% vfpUr;% vfpUr;re~ vfpUr;r

mÙkeiq#"k% vfpUr;e~ vfpUr;ko vfpUr;ke



çFkeiq#"k% fpUr;rqq fpUr;rke~ fpUr;Urq

eè;eiq#"k% fpUr; fpUr;re~ fpUr;r

mÙkeiq#"k% fpUr;kfu fpUr;ko fpUr;ke

mi;qZDrkuqlkjeso gl~] py~] [ksy~] [kkn~] ik] n`'k~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze~] fy[k~]b"k~] fey~&çHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

© NCERT

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ncert sanskrit textbook class 6 - ruchira

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